buggy gamma fallout field
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PROJECT BUGGY GAMMA FA.iLOUT FIELD
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1. REPORT DATE
11 MAR 1970
2. REPORT TYPE
Final
3. DATES COVERED
01 MAR 1970 - 31 MAR1970
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Project Buggy Gamma Fallout Radiation
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
Clement, John P., III Gibson, Thomas A., Jr.
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory University of California Livermore, CA
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER UCRL-50832
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
UCRL
11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
The gamma radiation early fallout field of the Buggy Event was measured and documented. Theradioactive decay of the field with time was also followed. Isoexposure rate contour maps of the fallout field
are presented. Analysis of the information collected shows that approximately 3.3% of the gamma-emitting
radioactive material produced was deposited beyond the area of continuous ejecta in the fallout field.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF
ABSTRACT
SAR
18. NUMBER
OF PAGES
38
19a. NAME OF
RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT
unclassified
b. ABSTRACT
unclassified
c. THIS PAGE
unclassified
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
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Contents
Abstract 1
Introduction IB Objectives . . . 1
Background I
Experimental Procedure . 2
Shot Participatio n . .. . 2Gencral Description of Stations . 3
Station Locations . . . . 3
Results 7
Decay Curves . 7
Monitor Team Data and Its Reduction . 7
Fallout Exposure Rate Contours . 8
Total Exposure Versus Distance. .
11
Discussion . . 1 1Observed Decay of Gamma Field Compared to Theoreti cal Decay . . 11
Calculation of Gamma Activity in E arl y Fallout . . . 12Conclusions . 16
Fra cti on of T otal Gamma Activity Deposited . . 16
References . . 16
Appendix A. Exposure Rate Versus Time Plo ts for All Station . . 17Appendix B. Monitor Team Readings and Reduced Monitor T e a m Data . . 25
Appendix C. Shot-Time Meteorological Conditions . 31
Appendix D. Selected Decay Curves . . 32
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PROJECT BUGGY GAMMA FALLOUT FIELD
Abstract
The g am ma radiation e ar ly fallout field of the Buggy Event was meas ured and
documented. Th e radioactive decay of the field with time was al so followed. Is oe mo -
su re ra te contour maps of the fallout field a r e presented. Analysis of the information
collected shows that approximately 3.3% of the gamma-emitting radioactive material
produced wa s de posited beyond the a re a of continuous eject a in the fallout field.
Introduction
The objectives of this pha se of th e Buggy Event were: (1) to provide ground level
ga mm a fallout field me asu rem ent s for estima ting the total gam ma radioactivity vented
and deposited in early fallout; (2) to provide fallout field contours fr om this t est event
fo r us e in normalizing fallout prediction models; and (3) to determ ine whether the
amount of radioactivity deposited in ea rly fallout from a nuclear row charg e i s signif-
icantl y dirferent fro m that resulting fro m a single cra ter ing detonation.
BACKGROUND
Ground surf ace ga mma fallout exposure r at es have been meas ure d following
almost ever y uncontained test shot since Trini ty. The resul ting fallout contours ar e
summarized in Ref . 1 and subsequent publications by the Army Nuclear Defense Labo-
ratory . P ri o r to Buggy, only four nuclear cr at er ing events had been conducted by the
USA which wer e useful a s fallout exper iment s for crate ring. Th es e wer e Teapot-ESS.
Danny Boy, Sedan, and Cabr iolet. We eliminated the Jangle Underground Event
beca use it was buried a t too shallow a depth, and the Palanquin Event because of it s
abnormal venting. Thus, Buggy i s a significant addition to ou r sm all number o f exper-
imen ts. Also. Buggy i s unique in being the fir st nuclear row cha rge experiment.
Fo r the Buggy Event, a number of different agencies and labora tories measured
gamma radiation. All the known pertinent information available from th ese s our ces is
included in this report. The authors served as field coordinates, collected the avail-
able data fro m the various participants, reduced the raw data. and formulated the
res ul ts presented in this report .
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Experimental Procedure
SHOT PARTICIPATION
Pro jec t Buggy was the fi rs t nuclear row cr ate rin g detonation executed as par t of
the Plow share P ro gr am f or developing nucle ar excavation techniques. Five nuclearexplosives, each with a yield of 1.1 kt, were detonated simultaneously at 0904:OO. 111
PST, 12 March 1968. The explosives we re detonated a t depths of 135 ft. and were
spaced 150 ft apart. The experiment took place on Chukar Mesa, Area 30, Nevada
Te st Site. in a dry. complex bas alt formation. Surf ace ground zero (SGZ) coord inate s
of the end emplacement holes designated as U30a and U30e were:
U30a U30e
NTS grid coordinates: N 821.828.24 N 822,030.76
E 586,630.95 E 586,069.54
Latitude: N 37" 0' 26.9605" N 37" 0' 29.0784"
Longitude: W 116" 22 ' 11.8817" W 116O 22 ' 18.7955"
The ine of charges was on a bearing of N 69O 21' 05" W. Ground elevations a t each
hole wer e:
Hole U30
A B C D E
Elevation, MSL (ft) 5208.28 52 10.04 52 10.52 5209.47 5208.42
Th e principal objectives of the experim ent were: (1 ) to determ ine nuclear row
cr at er para meter s through level te rrain in a hard, dr y rock: and (2 ) to determine the
fract ion of radioactivity which escapes the immediate cra te rc d area .
The dimensions of the resultant cr at er a re:
Apparent .c ra te r width, avera ge (Wa) 254 ft
Apparent cr at er depth, m aximum (Da) 69.8 ft
Lip c re s t width, ave rag e (Wall 355 ft
Apparent cra ter 1ength (La) 865 i t
Apparent lip height, avera ge (H l sidesa l
41 ft
Apparent lip height. avera ge (Hal) ends 14 ft
Apparent cr at er volume 262,456 yd3
Apparent li p volume 422,205 yd3
The appro ximate dimensions of the cloud at +72 sec. the time of maximum initial
gPOwth, were:
Base surge diameter 4,500 ft
Ba se sur ge height 780 ft
Plume height 2.200 f t
Plume diameter 90 0 ft
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Gamma radiation exposure ra te mea surem ents in the Buggy fallout fie1d were
made by several organizations ueing different detection equipment.
9 The Reynolds Ele ctr ica l and Engineering Company (REECo) rem ote are a m onitor -
ing syst em (RAMS) onsisted of 17 units connected by wir e to a cent ral tra ile r at the
Command Post (CP). The individual statio ns were Neher-White ionization chamb ersI
mounted on st ak es 3 ft above ground level.
REECo also deployed 2 2 gamma intensity time recorders (CITR) throughout the
fallout field. Each of these st ations was self-contained and consisted of a Neher-White
ionization cha mber mounted on a stake 3 ft above ground level, an Esterline-Angus
recorder, and a portable gasoline generator. Each rec ord er semi-logarithmicall y
plotted exposure rate ver sus time within a preset range of three decades.
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Liverm ore placed 45 units of i ts gamm a telem-2
et ry sy ste m at fixed locations. This sys tem consisted of individual statio ns connected
to a t rai ler at the C P via V H F radio. Each unit consisted of an ionization chamber
mounted on a tripod 4 to 5 ft above ground level and the asso ciate d electronics. batter y,
and radio transmitter-receiver.
REECo mobile radiological safety monitoring te ams m easure d exposure ra te s
with hand-held Victoreen Radector AGB-500-B-SR instru ment s. U. S. Public Health
Servi ce mobile monitoring teams also made measurements, using prim ari ly E-500B
instru ments ; t hes e wer e outside the Nevada Te st Site boundary and at a cons idera ble
distance from ground zero (GZ).
STATION LOCATIONS
Figures 1, 2 and 3 show locations of the REECo stations, the gamma telem etry
st at ion s of LRL K-Division, the fallout trays of LRL Radiochemistry Div.. the mobile
monitoring team sta kes, and all other pertinent positions where exposur e-ra te me as-
urements were recorded.
The locati ons of al l remote monitoring stations, with the exception of the LRL
gamma telemetr y system , ar e controlled by the requirements of ree ntr y and radio-
logica l safety, and were positioned by theHcalth andsa fety Office, LRL-Nevada. The*
aut hor s we re resp onsible for the location of the LRL gamma tele me try units.
The technique used to position the gam ma tel eme try units depended on the pre -
e dicted fallout pattern, fallout sector, throwout or ejecta rang e and base su rg e radius;and also on te rr ai n adaptability, the number of units available, location of oth er remote
monitoring system s, and a reasonable minimum exposure rate value to be detected.
Reference 3 contains a detailed discussion of the technical and pract ical techniques
used in placing the LR L gamma telem etry units.
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Leaend
K K Division gamma telemetry units
0 Fallout tray locations L-40-L-75 ----------- T,, NTS. boundary \.
0 '.'0 \
/' '\
//
K -39 0
'\r--------------' \
\o L-68 '\
\. L-67 ".
I SGZ L-52
Fig. 1. Buggy far-out experimental station locations.
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DECAY CURVES
The LR L g a m m a elem etry system followed the cou rse of the ra dioactive deca.y
of the gamma radiation field fo r slightly mo re than 100 hours. The REECo syste m
was expected to augment thes e decay mea sure men ts; however, the RAMS detectors did
not function sinc e all the wi re s to RAMS unite passed too clo se to GZ and we re cut by
falling rock within a few seconds af ter shot time.
Only one GITR station of the 22 deployed produced a trace which was at all
believable- Even thie was not used because the GITR syste m measur ement6 failed to
co rr el at e with other m easu rem ents obtained during the Cabriolet Event.
Monitoring teams conducted radio-
The Buggy ea rl y time decay curv e,
Fig. 4, is the nonweighted, ar ith me tic
looLaverage of the log-log nor malized decay
Fig. 4. Average normalized L R L gammalogical surv eys following the event. The
decay curve. technique employed was the standard
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , I 1
,1 1 1 1 --- --- -
- --- -
curv es produced by LRL elemetry units
4, 12 , 23, 30 and 3 . These five stations
were selected because they operated un-
interrupte d for m ore than 100 hour s and
the ir readings did not fall below the low-- es t level for which the units we re ca li---i - brated. Each of the five decay cur ves2 -- can be contained within the shaded envel-
I -ope graphically represented by Fig. 5.
w -e
The long-term decay was record ed
w5 1r by repeated hand-held instrument read--0 -P - ings taken a t stake s around the c ra te rX
-PI -
l ip . T he average slope for the log-logw -.- - stra ight line plot of the ten lip statio ns0- - was -0.9. Figure 6 is a ti me decay plotOI
of one lip stak e location with this aver age0.1
0.011 10 100
MONITOR TEAM DATA
Time - ours AND DATA REDUCTION
---- -- -- -- -- -
I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I , t I , , ,
slope.
Appendix A contains the time decay
curves from all LRL telemetry stations
and the time decay plots for the ten
cr at er lip stake locations.
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FALLOUT EXPOSURE RATE CONTOURS
1
L
fOC
I2e o. i
e3
"gxW
0.01
The fallout pattern contours shown in Figs. 7 and 8 repres ent isoe~q>osure at e
leve ls at a refere nce time of H+l hour.This representation follows a Convention well
established in the literatu re; it does not mean that fallout was complete at all locations
one hour after detonation. These figures w ere drawn using the reduced monitor team
data presented in Appendix B, and where appropriate, LRL telem etry data. We used
plots of log exposure rate versus log distance to interpola te between measured data
point locations to establish contour.locations. Figure 9 is a plot of exposure ra te
versus distance downwind along the pattern "hot line."
- I I I 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I 1117- -- -- -- -- -
-\ I 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 I l l l l &
10 100 loo0
Time - oys
Fig. 6. Decay at crater lip-Station 3.
procedure of marking the various roads
and trails with rad-safe survey monitor
stakes. Other locations were identifiedF- -- -- -
0.01 1 1 1 1 I l l 1I , l l l l L L
by the location of sampling trays. RAMS
units, GITR units, LRL telemetry
units, o r distinguishable man-made
features.
1 10 100 We have converted each monitor
Time - ours team exposure r ate measurement to a
common tim e of H+l hour postshot byus e of the early time decay curve,
Fig. 5. Normalized decay envelope. Fig. 4. From these numbers, a best
estim ate of H+l hour exposure ra te for
each geographical location was made. The monitor team readings and reduced data
a r e tabulated in Appendix B.
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Fig. 7 . Exposure rate contours at H+1 hour, in R/hr.
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square
statute
miles
Fig. 8. Exposure rates at H+l hour, in ~ / h r .
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Mil es downwind
Fig. 9. Exposure rate versus distance.
Miles downwind
Fig. 10. Total exposure versu s distance.
TOTAL EXPOSURE VERSUS DISTANCE
The U . S. Public Health Ser vic e placed thermoluminescent do sim ete rs along
arcs at various distances downwind. Figure 10 i s a plot of total expoeure ver sus dis-
tance along the "hot line" taken from their measurements. The dosimeters were re -
covered from a few days up to seve n days aft er the event. Thus the exposure
* rep res en ts cloud passa ge radiation and radiation from fallout deposited on the ground.
Discuseion
OBSERVED DECAY O F GAMMA FIELD COMPARED TO
THEORETICAL DECAY
The total production of fis sio n products and other gamma-emitting radionuclides
which mad e a signific ant contribution to the g a m m a adiation field a re listed in Table 1.
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Table 1. Principal radioactive s An expected (quasi-theoretical)avail&le to produce €& ra -
time decay curve f or the fallout field CM
diation field. abe constructed from the information in
Table 1; such a curve is given in Fig. 11.Atoms at equivalent at
Nuclide ze ro time H+l hour When doing this. one as sum es a rel a-
tively small amount of fractionation i nN aZ4 1.1 x 34
the early fallout pattern. For this Buggy
~n~~ 4.4 X 324mixture of radionuclides, one would
w1871.7 X 5
pb204mexpect the observed gamma field decay
1.0 X 1021 14to be different from fission products
Total fissionproducts 800
until around H+200 hours. The slope of-otal: 1230
the observed curve should depart from
a the fission product line and approximateRef. 4.
L the lin e labeled "total" in Fig. 11.U
-One fission ton equivalent i s that
amount of radioactive material which Dro-That this was in fact observed to a
duces the same gamma exposure rate in reasonable degree can be see n froma ir as the fission products f rom one ton
Fig,. 12md 13. In Fig. 12, he obserMdof fission.
average decay is contrasted to the decay
of fission products alone. And in Fig. 13, the observed av erage decay is contrasted to
the expected decay of the mi xture of fiss ion produc ts plus neutron-induced radioac tive
nuclides. The observe d decay is seen to follow the decay of the total mixture the most
closely. At H+100 hours,, the observed decay is not a s gr eat a s anticipated. This is
probably due to the prefere ntial incr eas e in the relative amount of w~~~resent in the
mixture and measu red by radiochemical analy sis. That is , fractionation caused an
enrichment in the amount of w~~~n the fallout field.
CALCULATION OF GAMMA ACTIVITY IN EARLY FALLOUT
The a re as contained within the isoexposure ra te contours previously presented
in Figs. 7 and 8 were m easure d with a planimeter to yield values of gamma radiation
exposure ra te versus a re a in square statute miles. This information is plotted in
Fig. 14; the integration of these data yields the "exposure ra te integral." Fo r Buggy.2the value of this integral was 99 R/hr X mi for the a rea from 0.054 mi 2 (continuous
ejec ta ar ea ) to infinity ( se e Table 2):
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Time - ours
Fig. 11. Expected decay of exposure rate in gamma fallout yield .
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Time - ours Time - ours
Fig. 12. Observed radioactive decay ver- Fig. 13 . Observed radioactive decay ver-
sus decay of fission products dus expected decay of fis sionalone. products plus induced radioac-
tive nuclides.
Table 2. Values of exposure rate integral.-- --- - - -Exposure Exposure rate
rate Area integral( R / h r ) (mi21 (R/hr X mi2)
0.1 to 0 32.2 to ao 17.9-otal: 99.0
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1000,- I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 - 4---
---
- -- -
100, --
--
--
-
---
- -
- -
i107 -
\--
M --
I-
-
--
5
--
0
-x - --+IC
1r--
0 - --
-0)
-& -0
-L. - -
e- -
: - -0XW
0.1 r--
--
--
--
--
- -
- -
0.01 7- -
--
---
- -
---
-
-
- .
0,001 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I t 1 l l i l I I 1 1 1 1 1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Area - quore miles
2Fig. 14 . Exposure rate at Ht1 hour versus area in mi .
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FRACTION OF TOTAL GAMMA ACTIVITY DEPOSITED
In the Buggy Event, within th e ear ly fallout field an amount of gamma radiation
activity equivalent to approximately 40 tons of f issio n prod ucts was deposited. This
amount is based on the value of 1 kt of fissi on products, evenly distributed over 1 mi2
(statute) of Nevada T est S ite terra in, producing an H+l hour gamm a radiation field of
2500 R/hr. Since the total ga mma radioactivity produced by Buggy was equivalent to
1230 tons of fis sion products at H+1 hour, th e fraction deposited in fallout was some'
3.3%. The sta ndar d deviation of this value is estimated as roughly *60% of the value.
Thus, the deposited fraction has a probability of 0.68 of being between 1.1% and 5.3%.
with the m ost likely value being 3.3%.
This deposited fraction f or the Buggy row c ha rge detonation is very s imilar to
the fraction for single charge detonations under comparable conditions. Both Danny
Boy an d Cabriolet were fired in hard, dr y rock at roughly the Buggy scaled depth of
burst. In their earl y fallout patterns, 4% and 2.6% fractions we re deposited respec-
tively.
References
1. M. Morgenthau, et al., Local Fallout from Nuclear Test Detonations (U),Vol. 11.
P a r t 1, Tri nit y through Redwing, and Pa rt 2, Plumbob through Hardtack, U. S.
Arm y Nuclear Defense Laboratory, Edgewood Ars enal , Md., DASA- 1251, August
1963 (SRD).2. W. T. Onaka, A Tele metr y System f or Monitoring G a m m a Radiation in Plowshare
Expe rime nts, Lawre nce Radiation Laborator y. Live rmo re. Rept. UCRL-50633,
April 1969 (U).
3. J. P. Clement, and T. A. Gibson, C abri olet Gamma Fallout Field (U),Lawrence
Radiation Lab orat ory, Liv erm ore , Rept. UCRL-50515. Dec. 1968 (SRD).
4. L. L. Schwartz, Lawren ce Radiation Laboratory , Live rmo re, priva te communica-
tion: data t o be published as UCRL.
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~ i ~ e n d i x
Exposure Rate Versus Time Plots for All Stations
Thi s appendix contains the individual gamma radia tion decay curve s f rom t h e LRI,
gamm a tel em etr y units and the gamma decay curve s deduced from monitoring team
readings taken in thc vicinity of GZ (Figs. A-1 through A-26 ) . The geographical l o ra -
tions of the te lem etr y units a r e shown in Figs. 7 and 8; the unit number designations
were related to location as given in Tab le A-1.
able A-1. Location of LRL elemetry units.
Telemetryunit number
TelemetryLocation unit number Location
Heliport
Photo 2
Bunker (inside)Bunker (outside)
L-27
L-28
L- 9
L- 0
L-31
L-41
L-40
L- 8
12-59
1-65
1-66,
1-67
L- 8
1-69
REECo No. 12
REECo No. 11
CP
1-30
Thr ee and four days after Buggy D-Day, ten monitor st ake s we re placed around
the cr at er (s ee sketch map, Fig. A-1). Hand-held in strum ents w ere used to take mon-
itor readings at these locations during the next year to provide long-time gamma decay
information.
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Fig. A- 1. Buggy crater lip survey stations.
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0.0010.1 1 10 100
Time - ours
Time - ours
Fig. A-3. LRL g a m m a elemetrystation 5.
Fig. A-2. LRL g a m m a elemetry
station 4 .
Time - ours
Fig. A-4. LRL g a m m a elemetry
station 6.
0.0011.1 1 10 1 0 0 1000
Time - ours
Fig. A - 5 . LRL gamma telemetrystation 7 .
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Time - ours
Fig. A-6. LRL gamma telemetrystations 10 , 14.
look . . a t .I., 3 . . I .1, . .. . 1 I 17~
Time - ours
0 Station 12 -
1 0 ~
Fig. A-7 . LRL g a m m a elemetrystations 12, 13.
i
2I0E 0.1-
- A Station 22- -0 Station 23
-OO -z
A Station 24
0 Station 25
a -c ------
Time - ours Time - ours
-A tation 13
l F 0 % -- --: s o
-A
--A C
A 0 --0 -
Fig. A-8 . LRL gamma telemetry Fig. A-9. LRL g a m m a telemetrystations 22, 23. stations 24, 25.
: -- A
a O o
-- -- A OO -B O A M 0
0.01 4SA Oo- -- -- A A e-- -
' ~ ~ ~ 0- -0 -
0.001 . 111'11 ' 11111 I 1 " l l ' I I IIU
0.1 1 10 100 1000
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0.001
0.01 0.1 1Time - oun
Fig. A-10. LRL gamma telemetrystation 26.
o Stotion 31-0
-0
A Station 32 -- -- -- -- 0 -- 0- -0 O 0 . 4 .
-- 0 A0 A
-0
-8a
-- --% rO -
Time - oun
Fig. A-13. LRL g a m m a elemetrystations 3 1,32.
Time - ours
Fig. A - 11. LRL gamma telemetry
station 20 .
Time - ours
Fig. A - 12. LRL gamma telemetry
station 30.
o o Stotian 33- -- -A Station 34-
0-- -- -- -- -- -- d
0 0 --0
-- -- -- -- -- -- O 0 -- A O O o o -
0 0
1 & l ~ , l l l , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l I 1 LIA
Time - ours
Fig. A-14. LRL gamma telemetrystations 33 , 34 .
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Lf A Station 40
a
I0.1
Time - ours Time - ours
Fig. A- 15. LRL gamma telemetry Fig. A- 1 6 . LRL g a m m a elemetry
stations 38 , 40. station 39.
Fig. A-17.
100 1000
Time - oys
Crater lip station 1 .
0.0110 100 1Ooc
Time - oys
Fig. A-18. Crater l ip station 2.
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0.0110 100 1000
Time - oys
Fig. A- 19. Crater lip station 3,
Time - ays
Fig. A - 2 1 . Crater lip station 5.
Time - ays
Fig. A - 2 0 . Crater.1ip station 4.
Time - oys
Fig. A - 2 2 . Crater lip station 6.
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Time - ays
Fig. A-23. Crater lip station 7 .
Fig. A-25.
100 1000
Time - ays
Crater l ip station 9.
0.0110 100 1000
Time - days
Fig. A-24. Crater lip station 8.
Time -days
Fig. A-26. Crater lip station 10.
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Monitor Team Readings and Reduced Monitor Team Data
Tables 33-1, B-2 and B-3 con sist of monitor team readings and reduced data
taken at three locations. In each table the exposure rat es as determined by the moni-
tor teams and the location and time of the readings ar e given. .A lso is ted ar e the
exposure rates t ime-corrected to H+1 hour, using the avera ge decay cur ve f or Buggy.
Where several readings were made a t the sam e location, the best estimate is
given.
Table B-1. Monitor readin gs at rad-safe road stakes.
Time
aflcr Erpomlwe Corrcctcd RestSkke shot ralr. lo l l+l hour estimate
loc:;tlion (hr) (mR/t~r) (R/hr) (R!lir)
1UABI
lo to 0.05 0.00007 0.00007
l lA Stl 1.5
18A79 2.1 10 0.024fi . l 4 . 5 4 . oo : i 0.013
1WAHO 2.4 T3kga Rkc6.0 CO. 5 CO. 003 CO.003
Il:A81 6.0 4 . 5 CO.003 4. 0 03
Timcaitcr Exposure ('orrected IJc!nt
Stakc shot rnlc. to I1+1 hour ektim utr
locsli on (hr) (rnR/hr) (Rlh r) Iltlhr)
l l l A 9 4 2.8 IS0 0.411
5.7 65 0.43
24.5 20 0.5349.4 7 0.4072 4 0. J4 0.44
1AA95 2 200 0.64
5.6 95 0.63
24.5 25 0.61;
49.4 I) 0.50
72 5 0.42 0.57
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Table B- (continued)
Timc
after Cxposure C:orrectcd BcsLSl.tkc slrot rill[. to H I 1 hour estimole
locntion (hr) fmR/hr) fH/hr) (R/h r)
1liA103 3.1 20 0.0725.5 14 O.Oli7
27.1 1.0 0.020
49.6 1.0 0.05672.5 1.2 0.102 0.07
18A104 3.2 15 0.05G
5.4 8 0.05272.5 0.7 0.059 0.056
1R(' 1 1.6 Rkl? Bkg
I8C.2 1.6 Bkg Bkg
18C':i 1.7 Bkg Bk g
1H<'4 1.8 1.0 0.003 0.002
1RC5 1.0 3.5 0.007
4.7 1.0 0.006 0.00G
IliC G 1.8 15 0.030
4 -7 5 0.028 0.029
Junction 1.0 2 0 0.04 2 0.042
1H<' und 1HI>
1 8 ~ 7 1.9 3 0 0.063 0.063
1HCD 4.n 50 0.29 0.29
I tlC10 4.11 45 0.26 0.26
18 Cl l 4.9 45 0.26 0.26
111 i l l 4.7 5 0.028 0.028
18112 4.!1 6 0.035 0.035
181).7 5.0 7 0.042 0.042
181M 5.1 7 0.04:3 0.04 9
181)s 5.2 4 0.024 0.024
181>G 5.2 2 0.0 12 0.012
18 117 5.2 2 0 . 0 1 0 .012
lIII>H 5. 3 1 0.006 0.006
1 8 1 ) ~ 5.3 1.5 0.009 0.009
181>10 5.3 1.0 0.006 0.006
lnnll 5.4 1.0 0.006 0.006
181)12 6.4 1.0 0.006 0.006
IUD13 5.4 1 O 0.006 0.006
IGPOl 10.4 to 10.9 0.7 0.00 09
l o 12 lo 12.5 0.7 0.001 0.001l!JPtlO
18 1'88 9.3 1.0 0.004 0.004
lD P8 9 3.4 0.6 0.002 . 0.002
Timr
:~lli:r Exposur e C'orreclcd nc slStukc shot t i to N.+t hour estimate
loc;~tion (hr) fmR/hr) (R/hr) (nlhr)
1 9 ~ 9 ~ 3.5 1.5 0.006 0. OOG
l n ~ n 4 3.5 1.5 0.006
26.4 Rkl: Bkg 0.006
t DP95 :I. 2 0.008 0.008
19P96 3.6 10 0.042ZG.4 I 0.024' 0.03 5
19P97 3.6 10 0.042
26.4 I 0.029 0.035
ln P98 3.67 10 0.043 0.043
l9 P9 9 3.7 10 0.043 0.043
19PlOO 3.7 10.2 0.04426.3 1 0.028 0.036
20A105 3.4 10 0.0405.4 5.6 0.035
72.5 0.5 0.042 0.039
20A 106 3.4 8 0.032
5.4 4 0.02472.6 0.5 0.043 0.033
20A 107 3.5 6 OiO255.3 3 0.019 0.022
2OAl DR 5.3 1.6 0.010 0.010
20A 109 3.G 3.5 0.015
5.3 1.5 0.009 0.012
20A110 3.6 2.5 0.0105.3 1.6 ' 0.010 0.010
20A l l l . 3.6 2.5 0.01 1
5.3 I.!) 0.012 0.012
20A112 3.7 2.5 0.01 1
5.2 2.0 0.012 0.012
20A113 3.7 2.0 0.009
5.2 2.0 0.012 0.010
20A114 3.7 2.5 0.0115.2 1.7 0.010 0.010
2 0 ~ 1 1 5 3.7 3.0 0.013
5.2 2.5 0.014 0.014
20Al l6 3.7 3.5 0.0155.1 2.2 0.013 0.014
20A117 3.H 3.5 0.016
5.1 2.7 0.017 0.017
20A 1 18 3.U 4.0 0.0185.1 3.0 0.018 0.018
20A110 3.8 5.0 0.022
5.05 2.5 0.015 0.019
20A120 3.9 1.0 0.0055.0 2.3 0.013 0.009
ln P9 0 3.4 0.7 0.003 0.003 2OA121 4.0 0.5 0.002
5.0 2.0 0.012 0.00719P91 3.4 0.5 0.002 0 .002
20A122 4.0 L 0.00219P92 3.5 0.7 0.003 0.003 5.0 10 0.010 0.006
n ~ k n
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Table B- (continued)
Time
a f t e r Exposure C o rre c te d Hcfit
Stoke s h o t ra t e to H I hour cetimxtclora tion (h r ) (mR /h r ) (H /h r ) (R /h r )
20A12.7 5.0 2.2 0.013 0.013
10A124 4 -0 2.0 0.0045.0 3.5 0.021 0.015
20A 125 4.0 4.0 0.010
5.0 5.0 0.03027 1.0 0.029 0.026
20A 126 4.1 6.0 0.024
4.9 5.5 0.032 0.030
20A127 4.1 8.0 0.039
4.9 5.5 0.032 0.03 5
Ju nc ti on 4.3 5.0 0.025
20A and 2 0 F 27 2.0 0.058 0.04 2
20A128 4.0 6.5 0.038 0.038
20A120 4.8 7.5 0.043 0.043
20A 130 4.7 9.5 0.052 0.052
20A131 4.7 13 0.07 2 0.072
2 0 ~ 1 3 2 4.7 15 0.083 0.083
20A 13 3 4.7 17 0.004
26.7 2 0.05A 0.076
20A 134 4.7 14 .5 0.080 0.0110
20A135 4 -7 16 O.OHR
26.7 3 0.0116 0.087
20A136 4.6 10 0.105 0.105
20AlY7 4.6 19 0.105
26.6 4 0.114 0.109
20AL30 4.6 21 0.116 0.1lli
20A 139 4.6 24 0.130
26.6 4 0.114 0.122
20A140 4.6 23 0.127 0.127
2 0 ~ 1 4 4.6 2 1 0.1 16
26.6 3.5 0.10 0.1011
20A 14 2 4.4 24 0.124
26.5 3 0.086 0.105
20A143 4.4 26 0.137
26.5 4 0.1 14 0.125
20A144 24.9 5.0 0.135
74.3 1.2 0.105 0.120
20A145 24.9 3.0 0.08 1
74.4 1.5 0.130 0.105
20A146 2 5 4 0.1 OM74.5 1.3 0.114 0.11 1
20E 1 25.5 1 0.028 0.020
20EG 25.5 1 0.028 0.028
2061 25.3 3 0.082 0.082
2053 25.3 2.5 0.068 0.068
205 5 25.3 2.5 0.068 0.068
Time
:~ ft cr JCwpoxurr Corr ecte d R e s t
Sli~kc shot rcalc l o 11I1 hour estirn;ttclocation (hr ) (rnR/h r) (IZ/hr) (It/hr)
20.J7 25.4 2.0 (i.055 0.095
20.1!1 25.4 1.5 0.04 1 n.04 120.1 1 1 25.4 2.0 0.055 0.0 55
20.1 IS 25.7 1.0 0.028 0. I1211
20.1 19 25.7 Bkb? lJkg
ZOPLOl 3.7 16 0.06926.3 2 0.057
74.7 1.2 0.104 0.077
20P102 3.7 : 0 0.12926.3 :t O.OR574.6 1.3 0.1 12 0. 10!1
ZOP10:i 3.11 27 0.123 0.11:i
20P 104 3.11 25 0.11 126.3 3 0.085
74 .6 1.3 0.114 0.1O:i
20P105 3.0 23 0.103 0.103
2 0 ~ 1 0 6 3.8 26 0.1 16 0.116
1ntcrsec.tion30 C :and 30G 2.4 Bkg RkL2
3 1.6 tn 1.7 0.05 0.0001 0.0001
30C15 1.7 0.05 0.0001 0.0001
30C 16 1.7 0.05 0.0001 0.0001
3OCl7 1 .H 0.11 0.0016
. 24 1.2 0.031 0.01G
RO('1fl l.H 1.5 0. 003
24 1.2 0.031 0.0 17
30('1!) 1 H 10 0.020
24 z 0.051 n.035
30C20 I.!) 90 0.0637-4 n 0.07 7
48.2 1 0.054 O.O(i5
30C21 1.1) 35 0.074
24.1 4 0.103
411.2 1 0.0 54 0.0110
30C22 2.0 80 0.178
24.1 8 0.207
48.2 - 0.1007 2 1 0.084 0. l ;-l
30C23 2.0 200 0.44624.1- I li 0.4 154R.2 3.5 0.190
72 5 0.420144 <1 4. 16 0 0.4 27
30C24 2.0 600 1.34
24.2 40 1.04
48.3 10 0.54 572 12 1.01
144 2 0.32
30C 25 2.0 1000 2.2324.2 7 0 1.82
48.3 15 0.81
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Junction 24.63OC and 301) 7 2
144
0.085
0.0530.0380.109
CO. 16 0.086
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Table B-2. Monitor readingsFmarked locations other than road etakes.
1)anny Uoy 1.9 60 0.127 0.127 1 1.-2:) 55 6 0.911
- -'rime
uh er b:xpoeure Chrr ccted Be stshot rate Lo H+1 hour eetimatu
I .or.i~tion (hr) (mR/hr) (R/hr ) (R/hr)
L-30
1,-31
1,-82
1.-3.7
1.-84
L-35
L-36
L-37
12-38
L-42
L - 4 3
Photo I
'rimeaflc:r Exposurc Corrcr.~cd He s tstlot role lo H.bl hour eslinlalr
Lt,t . ;~tion (hr) (mlt/hr) (l i /hr ) (R/hr)
146 4 0.64
17 2 4 0.74 3.7
Photo 3 1.66 nkpa n g
Towrr 1 26 6000 170 170
Towcr 2 26 2000 54 541.- 7 53 .5 1 0.06
411. 1 0.9 0.0 5 0.055 Tower 3 26 110 3.1 3.1
1.-2H 54.5 4 0 2.5 Towcr 4- 26 25 0.7 0.7
49 20 1.1 1.1 ITowrr 5 26 I0 0.28 0.2R
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0.1 mi Eof 30C45
N o r t h r o a d
Table B-3. Monitor readings at estimated locations.
0. 1 mi Bof 30C46
North road
T i m e: ~ f l c r I ~ x p o s u r c f ' o rr e c te d B e s t
E s t i m a t e d shot r a t e tn l-l61 hour cstimatcL
location ( h r ) ImRlhr l ( I l lhrb (Rthr)
- . -
N o r t h r o a d
Tim c-
a f t e r F :x pa su rc r n r r c r t c d l l ~ t ~ t
I.:stin ~ : d c d shnl. r a t e t o H +1 h o u r e n l i n ~ : ~ t c
Inr ;~t i rm (hr ) ( rn l i lhr ) ( I t /hr ) ( I l lh r )
0.3 mi Eof 30C4G
North road
0.4 mi Eof 30C46
North road
0. 5 mi E01 30C46
North road
0.6 mi Eof 30C46
South r o a d
0.6 mi E
of 3OC46North ro :~t l
0.7 mi Eof 30C46
Center road
0.7 mi E01 30C46
Soul11 mad
0.45 mi E01 30C46
Soul11 ro ad
Between30C.46 an d30C47
100 y d s Eo r :{OC47
Cliff S of
Photo 1
150 y ds S
o r ~ h o l n
225 fL N
or P h o t o 1
46 0 11 N
o r P h o t o 1
NE r o r n e rtr:til c r
p a r k
F: Tcnc.a't r a i l e r
p a r k
150 yds W
n l c r : +t r r
100 yds Wor c r : t lc r
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A dix C
Shot-Time Meteorological Conditions
Table C-1 contains a br ie f summary of the observed shot-time meteorological
data.
Table C - I . Meteorological data taken at Buggy I C P . "-- -S ur fa rc obse rva t i on a t nuggy I C'I'. 0903 PST, Murrh 12 . l!)fifl
Wc.;iLher 2/10 ol torumulus-8/10 r i r ros t r :~Lus
Sk y condi tion Sr ;~ t ie r ed , vc rcus lVisibi l i ty l lnrcslric lcd
ALmosp l~ e r i r r e s su r c 114S.D ml l l i b ; ~ r s 09.; f t MSZ.
T e m p e r a t u r e 10.6"C'Dew point tenlpcr;~iure - 6 . 9 "CRclativc humidity , :iO,5',
Surface data (from RAOD) 5210 I t MSI,, O!IQ:i 13S'l'. Ma r rh 12 , 1!)6f1A t m o s ph e r ir p r c s s u r c 040 mil l ibnrs'rc:mpcrnture G.!JoC'
I le w poi nt t e m p~ r i i t i ~ rc - 15.2"C'Ilclative humidity I !)"A,
l lppcr a ir data a t 13ugg.y l C'P, 0!J0.1 PS'r, k4nrc.h 12, 106f i
RelativeIlcight Wind P r e s s u r c 'rc!rnper:~iurc ))caw point humidity
(r t MSL) (degfkts ) (mb ) ("C ("C) ('58)
-- - - -:I . .
I he Ruggy (1 w;ls :about 7.5 mi l e s EN*: f (3%.
h ' ~ * h ~~ r r n r e ind :IL Towe r 1, 2200 ft SW or (;z as I ! ) O / I2 a1 0!)05 Ps.1 .
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Appendix DSelected Decay Curves
This appendix contains the individual best fit, normalized gamma decay curves
(Figs. D-1 through D-5) sed to produce the early-time decay curve shown n Fig. 4.
0.01 1 10 100 lo00
Time - ours
Time - ours
, Fig. D- 1. LRL g a m m a elemetry
station 4 .
Fig. D-2 . LRL gamma telemetrystation 12.
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0.01
1 10 100 1000
Time - ours
Fig. D-4. LRL g a m m a telemetry
station 30 .Time - ours
Fig. D- 3. LRL g a m m a elemetrystation 23 .
Time - ours
Fig. D-5. LRL gamma telemetrystation 3 1.
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Distribution
Series A
LRL Internal Distribution
External Distribution
P. W. Allen/H. MuellerEnvironmental Science Servic e
AdministrationLas Vegas, Nevada
M. W. CarterSouthwestern Regional
LaboratoryLa s Vegas, Nevada
J. S. Kelly
Division of Peaceful ~ u c l e a rExplosives
Washington, D. C.
Maj. Gen. E. B. GiUerDivision of Military ApplicationWashington, D. C.
ChiefDefense Atomic Support AgencyWashington, D. C.
R. E. MillerNevada Operations OfficeLas Vegas, Nevada
Copy No.
1-31
32
33
34-36
37-39
4 0
4 1.
Copy No.
Lt. Gen. H. C. D o ~ e l l y 42Albuquerque Operations OfficeAlbuquerque, New Mexico
N. E. Bradbury 4 3Los Alamos Scientific
LaboratoryLos Alamos, New Mexico
W. E. VandenbergIW. Day 44Nuclear Cratering GroupLivermore, California
J. A. Hornbeck 45-50Sandia Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico
G. F e r be r 51Environmental Scien ce Servi ce
AdministrationSilver Spring, Maryland
E. C. Shute 52
San Fra nci sco Operation s OfficeBerkeley, California
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