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GridWeek 2011 – Washington, D.C.

Building a Smart Grid at

eThekwini Electricity

presented by

Sandile Maphumulo

Head: eThekwini ElectricityCity of Durban, Republic of South Africa (RSA)

12 September 2011

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Content

1. RSA’s Electricity Supply Industry

2. Profile of Eskom and eThekwini

3. South African Grid Map

4. RSA’s Smart Grid Goals

5. Challenges to Meet Smart Grid Goals

6. Applicable Technical Standards in RSA

7. RSA’s Regulatory Environment

8. EThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid

9. Advanced Metering Installations in RSA

10. What the US Industry can do for RSA

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RSA’s Electricity Supply Industry

Generation and TransmissionEskom

DistributionEskom Regions

Distribution187 Municipalities

Regulated by NERSA

Industry Support StructuresAMEU, ESLC, NERT, NRS, PIESA

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Profile of Eskom and eThekwini

Eskom is South Africa’s national electricity generator andtransmission operator. It is also the distributor, where municipalitiesdo not have the capability.EThekwini Electricity is the largest distributor in South Africa,located on its east coast.

Profile Attribute Eskom eThekwini

Year established 1923 1897

Area of supply Bulk of RSA ± 2 000 km²

Generation capacity 41 194 MW Small renewable

Peak demand 36 664 MW 1 891 MW

Electricity sales 224 446 GWh 10 836 GWh

Income for 2010/2011 R 91,4 billion R 7,5 billion

Number of employees 41 778 2 136

Number of customers 4,654 million 677 000

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South African Grid MapSource: Eskom Annual Report 2011

Thermal power station

Hydroelectric power station

Nuclear power station

Future renewables

Future gas station

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RSA’s Smart Grid Goals

1. Load Management: Manage peak loading on the network, dueto energy crisis in the country. Also, optimise circuit loadingduring abnormal conditions when linked to current transducers.

2. Non-Technical Loss Management: Detect tampering and energytheft, through trending and summation/comparative metering.

3. Outage Management: Identify faulted circuits faster, enablequicker response and reduce cost of outages. Integrate withpublic lighting tele-management systems. Allow for automationas smart grid technologies permeate the network.

4. Advanced Metering: Eliminate costs of meter reading and billingerrors. Implement tariff changes remotely.

5. Revenue Management: Facilitate remote disconnection andreconnection of supply for non-payment of municipal services.

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RSA’s Smart Grid Goals (cont.)

6. Customer Service: Provide real-time information to customersvia AMI customer interface. Know which customer has anindividual LV fault after MV fault repaired.

7. Network Performance: Monitor performance of individual circuitsin terms of frequency and duration of outages to trigger root-cause analysis, design and planning interventions.

8. NERSA License Obligations: Effectively report on KPIs such asDSLI, RSLI, SAIDI, SAIFI and power quality measures.

9. Asset Management: Extend life of assets through propermonitoring of real-time diagnostic parameters with alarms.

10.Distributed Generation: Enable better control of distributed grid-tied generators owned by IPPs and customers.

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Challenges to Meet Smart Grid Goals

1. Recruitment and Retention of Scarce Engineering Skillsa) National shortage of Engineers, Technicians and Electricians

affecting smart grid business improvement initiatives.b) Limited ability to attract scarce engineering skills to

municipalities, when compared to private sector companieswhich offer more competitive packages.

2. Rampant Theft of InfrastructureIncreasing incidents of theft of infrastructure and illegalconnections consuming/diverting available engineeringresources.

3. Ageing Electrical NetworkAgeing electrical network requiring additional technical skills forcondition assessment, analysis, upgrade projects, etc.

4. Cyber SecurityDevising the right ICT system to prevent hacking into meterreadings and power control systems.

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Challenges to Meet Smart Grid Goals (cont.)

5. Training and Developmenta) Skills to install, test and commission smart grid devices are

limited. (Number of experienced Engineers, Technicians andElectricians have emigrated.)

b) Need for national training programmes to impart skills on IEC61850 standards, communication systems, fault-findingprocedures on smart grid and AMI devices, etc.

c) Training and education of techno-averse customers.

6. Budgets to Implement and Maintain Smart Grid Systemsa) This will run into billions of Rands and most municipalities do

not have the funds.b) Electronic devices used in smart grid and AMI systems will

have lower MTBFs than grid components, requiring additionalfinancial and technical resources.

c) Large percentage of poor households in RSA, makes investment in smart grid/AMI system unsustainable. GridWeek 2011

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Applicable Technical Standards in RSA

Note: Generally RSA applies NRS and SANS standards but adoptsIEC standards if no national standard exists. Examples are:1. IEC 60834 – Teleprotection equipment of power systems2. IEC 60870 – Telecontrol equipment and systems3. IEC 61334 – Distribution automation using distribution line

carrier systems4. IEC 61850 – Communication networks & systems in substations5. IEC 61968 – Application integration at electric utilities - System

interfaces for distribution management6. IEC 61970 – Energy management system application program

interface7. IEC 62351 – Power systems management and associated

information exchange - Data and communications security8. NRS 049 – Advanced metering infrastructure for residential and

commercial customers9. SANS 474 – Code of practice for electricity metering

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RSA’s Regulatory Environment

1. The electricity supply industry is regulated by the NationalEnergy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA).

2. Regulation (d) of R.773 of Electricity Regulation Act states: “Anend user…with a monthly consumption of 1 000 kWh and abovemust have smart system…not later than 01 January 2012”.

3. The South African Grid Code defines the minimum rules,procedures and standards that govern the planning, connection,operation and maintenance of the interconnected power system.

4. The Municipal Finance Management Act and Supply ChainManagement Regulations govern the procurement andmanagement of smart grid assets.

5. The Electrical Installation Regulations (of the OHS Act) definewho can undertake electrical installation work.

6. Applicable electricity bylaws of individual municipalities. GridWeek 2011

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid

1. Communication Networksa) Invested in an extensive fibre network connecting HV

substations and key installations.b) Established an extensive Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

(SDH) multiplexer network.c) Currently introducing a Dense Wave Division Multiplexer

(DWDM) ring to be utilised as a carrier class network.d) Currently implementing the installation of a Layer 3 gigabit

switch network.e) Upgrading of existing Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) at HV

and MV substations to utilise IP over ethernet.f) Interim General Packet Radio System (GPRS) cellular radio

system to all MV substations.g) Currently researching communication technologies and

standards for smart grid applications.

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

2. Integrated Control and Protection (ICAP) Schemesa) Early adopters of IEC 61850 standards across HV and MV

substations, including pad-mount ring main units.b) Well established SCADA network to support ICAP.

3. Outage Management System (OMS)Acquisition and imminent roll-out of OMS to integrate with othertechnical systems (CIS, GIS, SCADA, etc.).

4. Use of Consultant to Develop Business Case for AMIEngaged services of a consultant to investigate, analyse andreport on the technical, operational and financial impacts ofadvanced metering infrastructure. Report due at the end ofSeptember 2011.

5. New Organisation Structures for Smart Grid and AMI ProjectsNumber of technical posts have been created to drive and implement various projects linked to smart grid and AMI. The ability to recruit engineering resources remains a constraint. GridWeek 2011

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

IEC 61850 Compliant275 kV Substation

Durban North275 kV Substation

Fibre termination panel

Fibre communications panel

Synchronous digital hierarchy

DWDMultiplexers

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

IEC 61850 Compliant132 kV Substation

Avoca132 kV Substation

132 kV integrated protection and control scheme

11 kV double busbar switchboard

Ethernet andSCADA panel

HMI

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

IEC 61850 Compliant11 kV Switchboard

11 kV fixed pattern switchgear

IEC 61850 relay

GPRS modem

RTU

Ethernet switch

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

IEC 61850 Compliant11 kV Switchboard

11 kV withdrawableswitchgear

IEC 61850 relay

Wireless modem

RTU and ethernet switch

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

11 kV Ring Main Unit

11 kV RMU with motorised isolators

RTU and MDS radio

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eThekwini’s Strides in Smart Grid (cont.)

Server room – access control, CCTV, OMS, SCADA

Transmission control room

Outage managementsystem screens

Communications control room

Server room – communication networks

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Advanced Metering Installations in RSA

Advanced Metering Installation in Sandton

Smart meters

Data concentrator

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Advanced Metering Installations in RSA

Advanced Metering Installation in George

AMI Suppliers in RSA: ABB, Actom, Ester, Grinpal, Intelligent MeteringSolutions (IMS), Itron, Landis & Gyr, Power Measuring Distributors (PMD),Turnkey Metering Solutions (TMS), Unique Umbane

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What the US Industry can do for RSA

1. Offer exchange programmes for RSA Engineers andTechnicians on successful smart grid projects in USA, to providepractical exposure and understanding of what works/fails.

2. Share generic course material on smart grids with RSA traininginstitutions and assist in developing these courses for RSA.

3. Provide grant funding for the establishment of smart grid trainingfacilities to provide practical exposure to trainees.

4. Guide RSA decision makers on the selection of appropriatetechnologies, network topologies and systems architecture forsmart grid systems in terms of best practices to prevent cyberattacks, improve ICT performance, etc.

--- THANK YOU --- GridWeek 2011