building acoustics - isover · 2018-04-20 · 06 building acoustics basics physiologically, noise...

Building AcousticsGuide

Noise affects everyone. It is everywhere... in the street, on work-sites, in stations and airports but also

in our houses.

We are all sensitive to noise, whether at work or at home, alone or socially.

This well-known urban phenomenon causes numerous problems such as sleep disorders, stress or loss of

concentration. Acoustic comfort is an essential element of the quality of life.

ISOVER has been conducting extensive research and development to achieve this goal for many years.

It is constantly improving its products in order to enhance their acoustic performance. As a result, they

provide the best available response to acoustic issues.

Silence is the feature of places where we feel comfortable.

44% of the EUs population is exposed to a harmful

level of traffic noise

according to WHO guidelines (Lday > 55 dB)

PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING ACOUSTICS

UNDERSTANDING SOUND 3 AND NOISE

Sound 4

Noise and the human ear 5

Noise level addition rules 7

Noise sources 8

Noise level scale 9

BUILDING ACOUSTICS 11Sound Insulation 13

> Airborne Noise 13

> Impact Noise 15

> Equipment Noise 16

Achieving effective sound insulation 18

Achieving proper impact sound insulation 20

Acoustic correction 21

Choosing the right insulation solution 24

ACOUSTIC REGULATIONS 27Republic of Ireland 28

Northern Ireland 30

ACOUSTIC APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT GUIDE 35Separating Party Walls

Timber Frame Twin leaf construction 38

Metal Stud Twin leaf construction 39

Masonry Single leaf construction 40

Other Construction Types 41

Partitions

Internal Partitions Metal studs 42

Internal Partition Timber studs 43

Floors

Separating Floors Timber 44

Internal Floors Timber 45

ISOVER PRODUCTS 46

Contents

BUILDING ACOUSTICS BASICS 01

02 BUILDING ACOUSTICS BASICS

SOUND 4

NOISE AND THE HUMAN EAR 5

NOISE LEVEL ADDITION RULES 7

NOISE SOURCES 8

NOISE LEVEL SCALE 9

UNDERSTANDING SOUND AND NOISE

03

03

DEEP SOUND HIGH-PITCHED SOUND

Pre

ssur

e (P

a)

Frequency (Hz)

Time (s)

UNDERSTANDING SOUND AND NOISE

SOUND

Sound is an auditory sensation produced by an air pressure variation propagated in all ambient

environments (water, air, gases, concrete, wood, glass, etc.) excepting a vacuum.

This sensation is perceived by our ear, from which the information is sent to the brain

where it is analysed.

In a building, sound can come from outside (road, rail or air traffic,

or voices in the street), from equipment in the building, from neighbours

or from ourselves.

SOUND CHARACTERISTICSSOUND IS CHARACTERISED BY 1 ITS FREQUENCY 2 ITS SOUND LEVEL 3 ITS LENGTH

1 THE FREQUENCY of a sound is the number of air pressure fluctuations per second and is expressed

in Hertz (Hz). This frequency determines the pitch of the sound: a low frequency produces a deep

sound, whereas a high frequency will give a high-pitched sound.

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

1009080706050403020100

5,000

4,500

4,0003,5

003,0

002,5

002,0

001,5

001,0

0050

0

9080706050403020100

20 100 350 1,500 5,000 20,000

deepsounds

mid-rangesounds

highsounds

RANGE AUDIBLE BY HUMAN EARInfrasound Ultrasound

RANGE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT FOR BUILDING ACOUSTICS

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STANDARD EMITTED NOISE1NOISE DETECTED BY THE EAR2

Level (dB)

Level(dB)


3 LENGTH: the ability to perceive a given sound varies depending on how long the sound is heard.

In some cases, the regulations refers to this

scale in order to take into account the “ear’s

sensitivity”.

In terms of the sound level, the smallest variation

liable to be detected by the ear is around 2–3 dB (A).

The human ear can detect sounds of

frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz with

various degrees of sensitivity depending on

the frequency.

As a result, in some cases we use the dB(A),

a scale representing more accurately the

sensitivity of the human ear. The dB(A)

reduces a lot the sounds less perceived by

ear (notably deep ones) and, reduces less the

high-pitched sounds.

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

1009080706050403020100

5,000

4,500

4,0003,5

003,0

002,5

002,0

001,5

001,0

0050

0

9080706050403020100

20 100 350 1,500 5,000 20,000

deepsounds

mid-rangesounds

highsounds



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Level (dB)

Level(dB)

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

1009080706050403020100

5,000

4,500

4,0003,5

003,0

002,5

002,0

001,5

001,0

0050

0

9080706050403020100

20 100 350 1,500 5,000 20,000

deepsounds

mid-rangesounds

highsounds



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Level (dB)

Level(dB)

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

1009080706050403020100

5,000

4,500

4,0003,5

003,0

002,5

002,0

001,5

001,0

0050

0

9080706050403020100

20 100 350 1,500 5,000 20,000

deepsounds

mid-rangesounds

highsounds



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Level (dB)

Level(dB)

The noise spectrum represents the sound levels according to the frequency

NOISE AND THE HUMAN EARPhysically, a noise is a set of sounds of differing frequencies and power levels.

Level (dB)

LOUD SOUND QUIET SOUND

Time (s)

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2 THE SOUND LEVEL characterises a sound’s amplitude. A low amplitude

produces a quiet sound; a high amplitude produces a loud sound. As

the human ear has a very wide perception scale, in practice we use a

logarithmic scale to represent the sound amplitude. This smaller scale

is expressed in decibels (dB).

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Unwanted noise

A noise hidden by other noises during the day might be disturbing at night

Cocktail effect: difficulty in understanding a conversation in a noisy internal environment,

requiring the speaker to talk louder

Noises representing a danger or reminder

Exposure time

Filtering of noise: noises that are harmonious or acceptable when heard directly can become difficult

to withstand when emitted behind a wall (filtering certain frequencies)

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Physiologically, noise is a generally unpleasant or uncomfortable auditory

sensation. This is a purely subjective concept. A noise may be perceived

by a person as being a nuisance due to the length of time for which he or

she is exposed to the noise, its appearance during a period of sleep or

the memory associated to the noise.

NOISE LEVEL ADDITION RULES

As the sound level is expressed using a logarithmic scale, in decibels (dB),

arithmetic addition rules do not apply to noise levels.

IF THE NOISE LEVELS ARE SIMILAR (DIFFERENCE < 10 dB):

If the noises are similar, the resulting noise level is evaluated by adding the value provided

in the following table to the louder noise:

IF THE NOISE LEVELS ARE VERY DIFFERENT:

If the difference between the sound levels is at least 10 dB, the louder noise hides the weaker noise.

+ 170dB83dB 87dB 88,5dBbut≠+ 166dB83dB 83dB 86dBbut≠

+95dB 80dB 95dB=

+ 170dB83dB 87dB 88,5dBbut≠+ 166dB83dB 83dB 86dBbut≠

+95dB 80dB 95dB=

Difference between two sound levels (in dB) Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Value to be added to the highest level (in dB)

3.0 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5

Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó

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NOISE SOURCESThere are four noise sources in the building acoustics domain:

1 Airborne noise from external sources: road, rail or aircraft noise, voices in the street, etc.

2 Airborne noise from internal sources: conversations, Hi-Fi, television, etc.

3 Impact noise: movements of people or furniture, falling objects, etc.

4 Equipment noise: elevators, valves, ventilation fans, etc.

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NOISE LEVEL SCALE

Noise can cause cognitive disorders:

Increased tiredness and level of stress. As a result, recovery periods in a calm, quiet location are required.

Noise can directly affect personal health, depending on its intensity and exposure time:

This can consist of sleep disorders, effects upon the cardiovascular system (rapid heartbeat and raised blood

pressure) and impaired hearing acuity.

Calm is a source of well-being.

120

140

130

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Impossible to hear each other (jet engine at ground) 100–130 dB, deafening noise

Shout to be heard (concert or train passing) 80–100 dB, dangerous noise

Talk loudly to be heard (washing machine, screaming baby or noisy classroom) 60–80 dB, tiring noise

Talk softly (quiet o�ce or normal conversation) 40–60 dB, ambient noise

Whispering (wind in the trees, quiet apartment or library) 10–40 dB, slight noises

120

140

130

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

On ne s'entend plus (moteur d'avion à réaction au sol) De 100 à 130 dB, bruits assourdissants

Crier pour s'entendre (concert, passage d'un train)De 80 à 100 dB, bruits dangereux

Parler fort pour s'entendre (machine à laver, hurlements de bébé, salle de classe bruyante) De 60 à 80 dB, bruits fatigants

Parler doucement (bureau calme, conversation à niveau normal) De 40 à 60 dB, bruits d'ambiance

Chuchoter (vent dans les arbres, appartement calme, bibliothèque) De 10 à 40 dB, bruits légers

Hearing loss

above 140 dB

Pain threshold

120–140 dB

Normal conversation

55–75 dB

Audibility threshold

>3 dB

In order to be noticeable, any acoustic improvement must be more than 3 dB. As a result,

any difference of less than 3 dB between two sound insulation systems (mainly technical or

materials used) will not be audible.

Reducing the level by 10 dB gives the impression of hearing half the noise.

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SOUND INSULATION 13

> AIRBORNE NOISE 13

> IMPACT NOISE 15

> EQUIPMENT NOISE 16

ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE SOUND INSULATION 18

ACHIEVING PROPER IMPACT SOUND INSULATION 20

ACOUSTIC CORRECTION 21

CHOOSING THE RIGHT INSULATION SOLUTION 24

BUILDING ACOUSTICS

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BUILDING ACOUSTICS

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THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ACOUSTIC

TREATMENTS IN THE BUILDING :

Sound insulation: to reduce

transmission through walls,

partitions, floors or ceilings

(directly or indirectly)

See pages 13–20

Acoustic correction: to reduce a

room’s noise by means of absorbent

materials

See pages 21–23

1 Direct emission

2 Sound reflected by a wall

3 Direct transmission through a wall

4 Indirect transmission through walls


SOUND INSULATIONThe aim of acoustic insulation is to reduce noise transmission from one

room to another. As a result, the noise is reduced and comfort improved.

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Uninsulated walls Insulated walls

> The higher Rw is, the better the wall’s sound insulation.

Standardized level difference (field measurement):

DnT measures the quantity of sound stopped between two rooms,

taking into account all transmission (direct, lateral and parasite).

The insulation DnT varies depending on the frequency f (in Hz).

The overall value of the sound insulation is given by the index DnT,w(C; Ctr).

> The higher the DnT,w value, the more effective the insulation between the two rooms.

The regulatory value to follow is the sound insulation, as this takes into account

all transmitted sound. It is stated in the acoustic regulations (see the acoustic

regulations section on pages 28–31).

Three types of noise can be reduced by means of sound insulation:

1 AIRBORNE NOISE 2 IMPACT NOISE 3 EQUIPMENT NOISE

The acoustic performance expected from a room, in relationship with its neighboring rooms is achieved through insulation.

It depends on three parameters:

The acoustic properties of the products and systems used

The techniques implemented and the installation quality

The architectural context: join between walls and structural materials used.

1 Airborne noise

Two values are used to estimate sound insulation performance

against airborne noise (in dB):

Sound Reduction Index (laboratory measurement):

R measures the quantity of sound stopped by the wall, taking into account

solely direct transmission, at each frequency f (in Hz).

The overall value of the Sound Reduction Index is given by the index Rw(C ; Ctr).

ISOVER Recommendation: in order to obtain the proper insulation level, ISOVER advises choosing

walls whose RW index is at least 5 dB higher than the desired DnT,w value.

Emitting room

Receiving room

Test laboratory

Emitting room

Receiving room

Work-site

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R(dB)

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50

60

70

80

90

100

4,0

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2,0

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1,00

0

500

250

125

f(Hz)

Correction depending on the type of sound

As walls do not stop different types of sounds in the same way, their acoustic properties are corrected according

to the noise sources. They provide most effective insulation against pink noise (internal airborne sounds: TV sound,

conversation, etc.) or traffic noise (external airborne noise rich in low frequencies: road or rail transport infrastructure

noise, etc.).

We then talk of the following:

Sound Reduction Index for pink noise: RA = Rw + C

Standardized level difference for pink noise: DnT,A = DnT,w + C

Sound Reduction Index for traffic noise: RA,tr = Rw + Ctr

Standardized level difference for traffic noise: DnT,A,tr = DnT,w + Ctr

We often also talk of the Sound Reduction Improvement Index,

rated ∆R (in dB).

This is the difference between the Sound Reduction Index of an acoustically-treated wall and the index of the same

wall without insulation.

This value therefore represents the acoustic performance of an insulating system and can be used to compare the

performance of insulation systems for a given wall.

> The higher the ∆R value, the better the wall’s insulation.

Sound Reduction Index Sound insulation (in dB) Sound Reduction improvement (in dB)

Rw(C;Ctr) RA for pink noise RA,tr for road traffic noise ∆RA ∆RA,tr

Concrete block wall + Optima System with 100mm ISOVER High Performance Mineral Wool Insulation

78(-2 ; -8) 76 70 21 17

Uninsulated concrete block wall 56(-1 ; -3) 55 53 - -

Sound Reduction Index graph for an OPTIMA assembly with GR32 insulation 100 mm thick and BA13 finish, on 200 mm concrete block walls.

How should Sound Reduction Index measurements be read?

The measurement graphs represent the sound insulation

measurement relative to sound frequency. These graphs

are used to calculate the Sound Reduction Index: Rw

The pink noise and traffic noise spectra are then applied to

these graphs in order to obtain the RA and RA,tr indexes.

> RA must be considered in the case of interior partition, solid, separating or dividing walls

> RA,tr must be considered in the case of external walls or roofs

In this example:

The insulated wall reduces the pink noise (internal airborne) by 76 dB

The insulated wall reduces the road traffic noise (external airborne) by 70 dB

Without insulation, the wall would reduce the pink noise by 55 dB and traffic noise by 53 dB.

The OPTIMA insulation system can provide an additional insulation gain of 21 dB for the pink noise,

and 17 dB for the road traffic noise.


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2 Impact noiseIt is important to handle impact noise from one room to another

(footsteps on a floor or object falling on the floor, for example),

another source of discomfort in a room.

Direct transmission through the floor is often the main vector.

However, the sound can also be transmitted through

other walls, depending on their type and joints.

The regulatory value relating to impact noise is the Weighted

Standardized Impact Sound Pressure Level L’nT,w (in dB).

This measurement is performed on job site, by using a standard

tapping machine.

> The lower lower the value is, the less the noise

is noticed in the next room.

We often speak of the ∆L w (or impact sound insulation improvement)

to evaluate the performance of an insulation system against impact

noise transmitted by the floor under laboratory conditions.

This value is the measured difference between an insulated floor

and an uninsulated 14 cm concrete floor.

The result represents a product (or system) only in terms of direct

transmission.

> The higher the ∆L w value, the more the insulation

system attenuates impact noises.

1 �� Direct transmission

through the wall

2 �� Indirect transmission

through walls

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A building’s equipment may be occasionally or continuously annoying and have different acoustic impacts

in the building:

1 The equipment may emit noise when operating, which we try to minimise (through insulation or absorption).

An example of this is ventilator or motor noise.

2 The joint between the equipment and the mounting on which it is fixed can transmit this sound to other rooms.

We then try to isolate the equipment from the mounting in order to reduce the vibrations.

3 Noise can radiate through pipes lines or ventilation ducts (in the case of ventilation ducts, for example, or

noise in ducts).

It is possible to act in two ways:

By reducing the noise generated by the equipment

A device’s sound level, LW in dB(A), is determined under laboratory conditions.

> The lower the value LW, the quieter the device.

By reducing the transmission of the noise emitted

The normalized sound pressure level , LnAT in dB(A), represents the noise in a room when a device is operating.

> The lower the value LnAT, the quieter the device in the room.

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1

The following standards provide more information on the definition and measurement of these values:

Airborne sound insulation: NF EN ISO 10140-1, NF EN ISO 10140-2 and NF EN ISO 717-1

Impact sound insulation: NF EN ISO 10140-1, NF EN ISO 10140-3 and NF EN ISO 717-2

Airborne, impact and service equipment sound insulation (field measurements): NF EN ISO 10052.

SUMMARY OF INDEXES AND THEIR MEANING

Noise sourcePerformance

evaluationLaboratory

measurement indexField

measurement indexHow to reduce

the noise

Internal airborne noise/ Pink noise

Noise difference between two rooms

RA = Rw+C (in dB)Sound Reduction Index

for pink noise Sound insulation

DnT,A = DnT,w + C (in dB)

Standardized level difference for pink noise

Noise reduction when RA

or road DnT,A is high

External airborne noise/ road traffic noise

Noise difference between exterior

and interior

RA,tr = Rw+Ctr (in dB)Sound reduction index

for traffic noise sound insulation

DnT,A,tr = DnT,w + Ctr (in dB)

Standardized level difference for traffic noise

Noise reduction when

RA,tr or DnT,A,tr is high

Impact noise

Noise heard in the next room (impact noise)

L’nT,w (in dB) Standard impact noise weighted pressure level


L’nT,w is low

Noise difference between

an insulated floor and a reference floor

∆L w (in dB)Impact sound insulation

improvement


∆L w is high

Equipment noise

Noise heard at the other side

of the wall (equipment noise)

L nAT (in dB(A)) Standard sound pressure level


L nAT is low

Equipment noise emission level

L w (in dB(A))Equipment sound level


L w is low

AIRBORNE NOISE/IMPACT NOISE/EQUIPMENT NOISE

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MORE INFORMATION

Increasing the concrete thickness from 10 to 16 cm increases the

sound insulation weight by switching from for all frequencies by

around 10 dB.

Increasing the surface gypsum boards 10 cm thick (surface

weight 100 kg/m2) to concrete of the same thickness (surface

weight 220 kg/m2) reduces the critical frequency from 400 Hz

to 100 Hz while also increasing the wall sound insulation.

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60

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70

125 250 500 1K 2K 4K

R(dB)

f(Hz)

ATTENUATION INDEX

10 cm concrete

16 cm concrete

10 cm gypsum boards

10 cm gypsum block

10 cm concrete

16 cm concrete

Rw (C;Ctr) 38(-1 ;-3) 49(-2 ;-7) 59(-2 ;-6)

Critical frequency

According to an experimental law called the Mass Law, the Sound Reduction Index sound insulationof single-skin walls varies with the frequency. The critical frequency is the frequency at which the wall’s sound insulation is the lowest. Beyond this frequency, the attenuation index increases linearly.


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Single-skin partition wall behaviour: the Mass Law

Principle:

Single-skin partition walls are composed of a single material. Their acoustic performance varies depending on its

nature and surface weigh. In this particular case, the heavier and thicker the wall, the better the sound insulation.

What performance do single-skin walls offer?

The critical frequency (frequency at which the sound insulation is the lowest) must be below 100 Hz for the wall to

be acoustically effective.

This frequency can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the single-skin wall.

ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE AIRBORNE SOUND INSULATIONCombating airborne noise is a two-stage process:

Identifying the noise sources

Treating the partition wall effectively by taking into account

the frequencies emitted

MORE INFORMATION

ON SINGLE-SKIN WALLS

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Wall Sound Insulation

18 cm concrete wall RA = 60 dB 60 dB 70 dB 56 dB

215mm Block Masonry on flat with ISOVER Calibel dabbed and placed on one side. RA = 56 dB60 dB 70 dB 56 dB

Separating party wall with double-framed structure with 50mm Acoustic Roll, 100mm Spacesaver plus, gyproc plank & Standard wallboard single layers on either side.

RA = 70 dB60 dB 70 dB 56 dB

ISOVER mineral wools are excellent sound absorbent materials.

Thanks to its open-cell, porous structure (due to its randomly arranged

fibres), it traps the sound energy and dissipates it within its thickness.

Better acoustic attenuation can be

achieved with light systems than

with heavy systems, within the

same thickness.

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Mass-spring-mass systems and the effect of ISOVER mineral wools

Principle:

To optimise the acoustic performance of walls and reduce their weight and

thickness, double-skin walls may be used (referred to as lightweight walls).

These are composed of two single-skin walls separated by a cavity.

In order to improve the sound insulation, the cavity created between the

two skins is filled with an insulating material.

These partitions respect to the so-called “mass-spring-mass” principle:

1 The first skin serves as a mass (as in a single-skin wall): it reflects a part

of the noise and allows the rest to pass.

2 The remaining noise is transmitted into the elastic insulating material,

which absorbs it and so reduces the amplitude of the waves.

3 The second skin again reflects part of the noise inside the isolating

material (which absorbs more noise).

4 It finally transmits the attenuated noise into the adjoining room.

IN SUMMARY: Double-skinned walls are useful

because they offer high attenuation without

requiring heavy or excessively thick walls.


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SOUND INSULATION

Recommended action In order to achieve the most effective floor insulation against impact noise, handling the noise at its source is

recommended.

Treating the floor in the room in which the impacts occur is also recommended. This is done by separating the

supporting structure from the finished floor, thereby reducing lateral transmission and ensuring that direct impact

noise is partly absorbed by the insulating material between the two elements.

> Due to their elasticity, glassl wool and stone wool both provide effective isolation, between the screed

and the concrete slab for example. In this case, the glass wool provides the mechanical link between

the two claddings, serving as a spring to act as an intermediate or as spacing material that actively

helps to increase the acoustic insulation.

The insulation used in this case must therefore be sufficiently elastic to serve as a spring yet sufficiently rigid to

ensure proper mechanical behaviour in the screed or load distribution surface. The insulating material’s spring effect

is characterised by its dynamic stiffness.

Supplementary actionIf it is impossible to handle the noise when emitted, systems should be used to limit direct noise transmission (floor

underlay) and indirect noise transmission (vertical wall cladding). The best result is achieved by combining both actions.

Recommended action

Direct treatment of floor insulation

Further action

Direct and indirect treatment (ceiling and walls)

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ACOUSTIC CORRECTIONAs well as reducing sound transmission through a partition,

it may be useful to reduce or control sound propagation

within a room.

This is the role of acoustic correction. This uses the

sound absorption concept to reduce the amount of sound

reflected by the surrounding partition.

Acoustic correction reduces reverberation and so controls

the sound level and optimises listening quality throughout

the room (classroom, for example) and improves speech

intelligibility.

Absorption coefficientThe absorption of insulating materials is characterised by an

absorption coefficient, rated αw. This coefficient is between 0 and 1.

Nonabsorbent partition

Absorbent partition

Emitted noise

Reflected noise

mm

4,0

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1,00

0

500

250

125

f(Hz)

100 mm Isofaçade 32

0,3

0,6

0,9

1,2

1,5

αw is a single coefficient that takes into account all frequencies and is deduced from the absorption measurements at various frequencies, in accordance with the NF EN ISO 354 standard. These frequency-related measurements are rated αs (Alpha Sabine) to avoid confusion and can take values greater than 1. The calculation of αw is described in the NF EN ISO 11654 standard.

> The closer αw is to 1, the more absorbent the material. On the contrary, the closer αw is to 0, the less absorbing

the material — in other words, the more it reflects noise in the room.

> ISOVER glass mineral wool, which is inherently porous, is an excellent sound absorbent material. Rigid insulating

materials or surfaces have lower absorption coefficient.


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> The presence of glass wool behind cladding of which more than 20% consists in perforations offers an effective

acoustic solution for providing acoustic correction, due to the high absorption coefficient of the wool (nearly 1).

To be more specific, the sound absorption of porous materials depends

on many parameters:

Thickness: a greater thickness will have a significant positive effect upon

the absorption of low frequencies

Material airflow resistance: a higher AFr value will significantly increase absorption

Material porosity and structure: the characteristics of mineral wool including non-fiberized

content will be worse than those of mineral wool not including such particles.

Equivalent absorption areaThe equivalent absorption area defines the absorbing power of a room and is expressed in m2.

The higher this value, the more the room’s walls absorb sound energy and the less the room echoes.

This area is calculated from the different wall surface areas multiplied by their respective sound absorption coefficients.

A = ∑Si.αi

Staircase surface area to treat

Absorption area fixed by the regulations (1/4 of the floor area in collective housing)

Absorption coefficient αW of the insulating

material used

Equivalent area of absorbent insulating

material to be used

20 m2 5 m2 (1/4 of 20 m2) 0,2 25 m2 (i.e., 5/0.2)

20 m2 5 m2 (1/4 of 20 m2) 0,9 5,5 m2 (i.e., 5/0.9)

Reverberation time

A room’s resonance effect is represented by the reverberation time. This time, noted Tr, is the time needed for the

power of a noise to decrease by 60 dB from its initial value.

As a result, the more the room

contains absorbing materials,

the shorter the reverberation time.

Reverberation time (Tr)

TIME(s)

LEVEL (dB)

60 dB

ABSORBING OF SOUND EMITTED BY THE SOURCE

This reverberation time:

varies depending on the frequencies.

increases with the room’s volume.

decreases when the absorption area increases

(furnished or unfurnished room).

decreases when the absorption of the materials

increases (room with or without carpet).

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The reverberation time is linked to the room volume and equivalent absorption area. In the case of simple room : Tr = 0.16.V/A where V is the volume of the room and A is the equivalent absorption area of its walls.

For example: a 75 m3 room with a 10 m2 equivalent absorption area => Tr = 0.16*75/10 = 1.2 s

Index summary

A moderate reverberation time (of around a second) provides good speech intelligibility

and comfortable listening. Its ideal value will therefore depend on the intended use of the room.

Regulatory values are defined for certain types of buildings (healthcare or educational institutions, for example).

Acoustic correction of buildings

Weighted absorption coefficient αw

Room equivalent absorption area A in m2

Reverberation time Tr in seconds

Activity Typical Reverberation time

Bedroom or lounge 0.6 s

Recording studio 0.25 s to 0.9 s

Classroom or courtroom 0.5 s to 1.2 s

Office (open-plan) 0.6 s

Cinema 0.8 s to 1.2 s

Multipurpose hall 1 s to 1.5 s

Church or cathedral 2 s to 4 s

Before beginning any project, certain simple questions must be considered in the case

of both new and renovation sound insulation projects.

Building structure

It is essential to consider the dimensions of floors, including the additional thickness of the implemented acoustic

treatment solution, as early as the overall preliminary project stage.

The acoustic performance of floors is fixed for the entire life of the building. The solutions you choose can no

longer be modified, particularly in the case of new buildings. Once built, the ceiling height — which is often 2.5 m

in residential premises — can no longer be changed.

1. Take into account the nature of the noises involved (impact noise, internal and external airborne noise and

equipment noise)

2. Take into account direct and indirect noise transmission

3. Insulate the rooms by means of suitable sound insulation solutions for the construction context

4. Handle acoustic comfort within a room by means of suitable acoustic correction solutions

New buildings

1. Check the regulations applicable to the rooms to be treated

2. Aim for performance levels that exceed the actual requirements in order to take into account lateral losses

and ensure occupant comfort

3. Choose the construction principles according to the required performance levels and building structure

4. Define the most suitable system for each wall


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SOUND INSULATION SOLUTION

Renovated buildings

1. Identify the nature of the noise (airborne noise coming from within or outside the building, impact noise

or equipment noise)

2. Identify the walls to treat for noise transmission

3. Identify their nature: which material, and which joints with adjoining walls

4. Choose the insulation solution best suited to the objectives by referring to the regulations for new buildings

and choosing systems whose attenuation index Rw exceeds the desired insulation level by 5 dB in order to take

lateral losses into account and ensure occupant comfort

> Note: It is recommended to choose insulation solutions having proven performances, such

as any ISOVER insulation solution

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REPUBLIC OF IRELAND 28

NORTHERN IRELAND 30

ACOUSTIC REGULATIONS

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ACOUSTIC REGULATIONS

REGULATIONS, CODES & CERTIFICATIONS

IntroductionAcoustic regulations vary according to building type, as well as in terms of location (Republic of Ireland’s regulations differ to

those in Northern Ireland). Here is a useful summary of the regulations that are in place for residential building for both Republic

of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Sound

T e c h n i c a lG u i d a n c e

D o c u m e n t

E

Environment, Community and Local GovernmentComhshaol, Pobal agus Rialtas Áitiúil

Bui ldingRegulat ions

2014

REPUBLIC OF IRELAND ✔ Part E (Resistance to the passage of sound), came into

effect from July 1st

✔ Requires all separating walls and floors to demonstrate

their compliance by successfully passing on-site testing

on their respective projects

✔ Requirements of BCAR contractors require sufficient test

evidence prior to specification

✔ Unlike the regulations for England and Northern Ireland,

there is no provision in the regulations for the adoption of

‘Robust Details’ to avoid on-site testing or provision to use

them as demonstration of a compliant solution.

✔ There is however a provision within the regulations to bring

the number of tests required on site to the same level as the

systems outlined in the TGD once it can be demonstrated

that the solution has successfully shown compliance on 30

separate tests (Table B1 below) undertaken across at least

two different project locations.

✔ Once achieved the system can be registered (not sure with

who) as an ‘Assessed Sound Detail’ (ASD). Once registered

we could promote a solution without having to impose

additional testing requirements on the customer.

✔ Tables 3A and 3B below highlight the differences in testing

requirements between solutions identified in the regulations

(3A) and those that are not (3B)


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Republic of Ireland required sound performance levels - New Build

Republic of Ireland minimum frequency of testing per group or sub-group type

Republic of Ireland other constructions - minimum frequency of testing per group or sub-group type

Republic of Ireland other constructions - minimum frequency of testing per group or sub-group type

Separating construction Airborne sound insulation DnT.w dB Impact sound insulation L3nT.w dB

Walls 53 (min) -

Floors (including stairs with a separating function)

53 (min) 58 (max)

Number of attached dwellings ‘Sets of tests’ required

4 or less At least 1

Greater than 4 but less than or equal to 20 At least 2

Greater than 20 but less than or equal to 40 At least 2 + 10% x No. of attached dwellings greater than 20


More than 100 At least 7 + 5% x No. of attached dwellings greater than 100

Number of attached dwellings ‘Sets of tests’ required

First 8 dwellings (or part thereof) planned for completion

At least one ‘set of test’ for each separating element up to 4 No. ‘sets of tests’

Greater than 8 but less than or equal to 20 At least 6 (in total)



More than 100 At least 11 + 5% x No. of attached dwellings greater than 100

Min number of individual tests

Min number of sites Max number of tests per site Min number of test bodies

30 2 16 2

Resistance to the passage ofsound

Techn i c a lBook le t G

October 2012

Finance andPersonnel

Department of

www.dfpni.gov.uk

Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012

Gu i d anceNORTHERN IRELAND ✔ Robust details outline acceptable builds for relevant

acoustic applications (party wall, floors, partitions),

without the need for on-site testing.

✔ Any deviation from the standard robust details

must undergo testing to prove that the required

standard was met.

✔ Contractors can register each project they are working on

with the Robust Details body. The approved spec for each

relevant application will then be sent out to ensure the

relevant standard is met.

REGULATIONS, CODES & CERTIFICATIONS

IntroductionNorthern Ireland’s acoustic regulations are outlined in Technical Booklet G. These regulations are put into place

in a series of specifications known as ‘robust details’.

Northern Ireland dwellings Performance standards for separating walls, separating floors, and stairs that have a separating function.

Airborne sound insulation DnT.w dB + CtrdB (minimum values)

Impact sound insulation L3nT.w dB

(maximum values)

New dwellings

Walls 45 -

Floors and stairs 45 62

Dwellings formed by material change of use

Walls 43 -



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Northern Ireland Rooms for residential purposes Performance standards for separating walls, separating floors, and stairs that have a separating function.

Airborne sound insulation DnT.w dB + CtrdB (minimum values)

Impact sound insulation L3nT.w dB

(maximum values)

New Rooms for residential purposes

Walls 43 -


Rooms for residential purposes formed by material change of use

Walls 43 -


NEED REGULATORY ADVICE?

Contact our technical team:ROI: 1800 744 480NI: 0845 399 [email protected]

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SUSTAINABLE INSULATION SOLUTIONS

LOSING HEAT THROUGH YOUR WALLS? The best solution is Optima Drylining System. Watch our “OPTIMA” movie to find out more!

LOCK IN HEAT, LOCK OUT DRAUGHTS WITH VARIO RANGE! Learn more about our airtight and moisture control solution on ISOVER.ie

LOOKING TO INSULATE YOUR ATTIC? View our “How to Insulate” movie and step by step guide!

CONVERTING YOUR ATTIC? Check out the “Metac” movie!


NEED HELP? DO YOU HAVE A QUESTION? Contact our technical team:ROI: 1800 744 480NI: 0845 399 [email protected]

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SEPARATING PARTY WALLS

TIMBER FRAME TWIN LEAF CONSTRUCTION 38

METAL STUD TWIN LEAF CONSTRUCTION 39

MASONRY SINGLE LEAF CONSTRUCTION 40

OTHER CONSTRUCTION TYPES 41

PARTITIONS

INTERNAL PARTITIONS METAL STUDS 42

INTERNAL PARTITION TIMBER STUDS 43

FLOORS

SEPARATING FLOORS TIMBER 44

INTERNAL FLOORS TIMBER 45

ISOVER PRODUCTS 46

ACOUSTIC APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT GUIDE

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APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCT GUIDE

Walls Walls Walls Walls Floors Metallic Buildings

Product name Thermal Conductivity W/mK

External & Separating Internally Insulated Partition Separating Internal & Separating Floors Metallic Buildings

Spacesaver Plus Roll

0.040 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Modular Roll 0.043 ✔ ✔ ✔

Acoustic Roll 0.036 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Acoustic Batt 0.036 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Calibel Board 0.034 ✔ ✔

Cavity Fire Barriers ✔

Sound Deadening Floor Slab ✔


Our products are independently lab tested

in application to ensure performance

Walls Walls Walls Walls Floors Metallic Buildings

Product name Thermal Conductivity W/mK

External & Separating Internally Insulated Partition Separating Internal & Separating Floors Metallic Buildings

Spacesaver Plus Roll

0.040 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Modular Roll 0.043 ✔ ✔ ✔

Acoustic Roll 0.036 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Acoustic Batt 0.036 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Calibel Board 0.034 ✔ ✔

Cavity Fire Barriers ✔

Sound Deadening Floor Slab ✔

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SHERO SOLUTION

+ +

Timber Frame Twin leaf construction

70db reduction

1 Two frameworks of timberstud

2 ISOVER insulation (fully filled for zero U-value)

3 Vario membrane + tapes

4 2 x Gyproc plasterboard

5 300mm wide ISOVER Cavity Fire Barrier

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Vario SystemAcoustic Roll Cavity Fire Barrier

Insulation Gyproc Plasterboard

Lab sound insulation 100 - 3150 Hz, Rw dB

Fire Resistance (mins.)

Overall thickness (mm)

50mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll 19mm Gyproc Plank + 12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard Premium

* 60 250

25mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll19mm Gyproc Plank + 12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard Premium

63 60 293

50mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll & 100mm ISOVER Spacesaver Plus (Compressed to fit in stud cavities).

19mm Gyproc Plank + 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline

70 60 253

* Isover insulation used in conjunction with Gyproc plasters & plasterboards meet the requirements of the guidance for Separating Wall Type 4 as per examples given in Northern Ireland Building Regulations Technical Booklet G 2012. Pre-Completion Testing is required when specifying Building Regulations Technical Booklet G Guidance Constructions.

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Metal Stud Twin leaf construction

Overall construction nominal width 250mm

1 2 x 15mm Gyproc SoundBloc

2 Isover Vario membrane + tapes

3 Two frameworks of Gypframe 60 I 50 ‘I’ Stud at 600mm centres

4 Isover Acoustic Roll in the cavity

Vario SystemAcoustic Roll

Insulation Gyproc PlasterboardLab sound insulation 100 - 3150 Hz, Rw dB


Overall thickness (mm)

50mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll

15mm Gyproc SoundBloc 66 (Rw dB) 58 (Rw + ctr)* 60 200


15mm Gyproc SoundBloc 70 (Rw dB) 62 (Rw + ctr)* 90 250

* Isover insulation used in conjunction with Gyproc plasters & plasterboards can meet the requirements of the guidance for Separating Walls in Northern Ireland Building Regulations Technical Booklet G 2012. The above are based on GypWall Quiet IWL systems PSR. No. A216013 & A216014 designed to achieve the minimum DnTw + Ctr 45 subject to pre-completion testing.

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215mm block on flat

1 215mm solid block

2 Gyproc Compound dabbed

3 ISOVER Calibel Board

Masonry Single leaf construction

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Product Wall type Db Reduction

42.5mm Calibel Board receiver side 215 dense concrete block 54

42.5mm Calibel Board both sides 215 dense concrete block 56

42.5mm Calibel Board both sides + additional 8mm to 12mm base coat of sand and cement

215 dense concrete block 59

**Although the above figures are based on site tests, design and sit conditions may vary. In addition testing is still mandatory under the regulations.

Calibel Board

HERO SOLUTION

59db reduction

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1 15mm external render

2 200mm concrete

3 13mm Gyproc internal plaster

4 Optima metal studs and fixings

5 ISOVER insulation

6 Vario membrane + tapes placed on studs

7 Gyproc WallBoard

OR OR

Other Construction Types

Optima Comfort Panel 32 Comfort Roll 35 Metac Roll Vario System

2

1

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6

74

5

* This level of sound insulation performance is based on a construction comprising the described base construction only. Any compound elements to the overall construction, e.g. windows, doors etc., will result in a significant reduction in the overall performance.

Base Construction

Thickness of ISOVER insulation with AFr ≥ 5 kPa.s/m2

Board Lining

In-situ Sound Insulation Performance, dB R’w Gain in Sound

Insulation Performance, dBBase

Construction

Base Construction + OPTIMA

215mm solid blocks with 12.5mm sand/cement render on both sides

50mm12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard

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63 9

100mm 64 10

160mm 65 11

200mm precast concrete(diagram above)


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64 9

100mm 65 10

160mm 66 11

215mm concrete block


53

65* 12

100mm 66* 13

160mm 67* 14

Two leaves of 100mm dense concrete blocks with 100mm cavity


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67* 9

100mm 68* 10

160mm 68* 10

**Although the above figures are based on site tests, design and sit conditions may vary. In addition testing is still mandatory under the regulations.


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1 12.5mm Gyproc plasterboard

2 ISOVER Acoustic Roll / Batt

3 70mm Gypframe metal studs


One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc plasterboard each side of GypFrame metal studs at 600mm centres, with ISOVER insulation within the cavity.

Internal Partitions Metal studs

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Insulation Gyproc Plasterboard Lab sound insulation 100 - 3150 Hz, Rw dB

Fire Resistance (mins)

Metal stud thickness (mm)

25mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll*

12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard Premium

** 30 70


12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc 45 30 70




2 x 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc 53 60 70


12.5mm WallBoard 43 - 70

* ISOVER recommends full filling of metal stud with acoustic insulation for optimum performance** ISOVER Acoustic Roll used in conjunction with Gyproc Wallboard Premium meets the requirements of the guidance for

Internal wall type B as per examples given in Northern Ireland Building Regulations Technical Booklet G 2012.

OR

Acoustic Roll Acoustic Batt

Internal Partition Timber studs

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Internal Partitions Metal studs

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2 ISOVER Acoustic Roll / Batt

3 75 x 38mm timber studs


A partition wall constructed from one layer of 12.5mm Gyproc plasterboard each side of timber studs at 600 mm centres, with ISOVER

insulation within the cavity

Internal Partition Timber studs


Fire Resistance (mins)

Timber stud thickness (mm)


12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard Premium

** 30 75




2 x 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc 46 60 75


12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard 39 - 70

50mm ISOVER Metac Roll 12.5mm Gyproc WallBoard 41 - 70

* ISOVER recommends full filling of metal stud with acoustic insulation for optimum performance** ISOVER Acoustic Roll used in conjunction with Gyproc Wallboard Premium meets the requirements of the guidance for

Internal wall type B as per examples given in Northern Ireland Building Regulations Technical Booklet G 2012.

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OR

Acoustic Roll Acoustic Batt


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Internal Floors Timber

1 18mm Tongue & Groove wood board flooring

2 19mm Gyproc Plank

3 25mm ISOVER Sound Deadening Floor Slab

4 12mm wood sub base

5 Minimum 100mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll

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Casoline MF ceiling suspended beneath joists to give a minimum 277mm cavity, lined with a double layer of 15mm Gyproc SoundBloc

Separating Floors Timber

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6



Overall floor depth (mm)


12.5mm Gyproc Soundbloc

66 Rw dB (airborne) 50 Lnw dB (impact)*

30 376


15mm Gyproc SoundBloc

66 Rw dB (airborne) 54 Lnw dB (impact)*

60 381

* ISOVER insulation used in conjunction with Gyproc plasters and plasterboards meet the requirements of the guidance for Separating Floor Types as per examples given in Northern Ireland Building Regulations Technical Booklet G 2012. Pre-Completion Testing is required when specifying Building Regulations Approved Technical Booklet G Guidance Constructions.

Acoustic Roll Vario System

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1 Walking surface with a minimum surface mass 15kg/m2

2 100mm ISOVER Acoustic Roll*

3 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Premium

Internal Floors Timber

Separating Floors Timber

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* Isover Acoustic Roll used in conjunction with Gyproc WallBoard Premium meets the requirements of the guidance for Internal floor type C as per examples given in Northern Ireland Building Regulations Technical Booklet G 2012.

Acoustic Roll Sound Deadening Floor Slab


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ISOVER Calibel Board Achieve up to 59db noise reduction

PRODUCT FEATURES

✔✔ Thermal conductivity 0.035 W/mK for the insulation

✔✔ Excellent acoustic performance

✔✔ Excellent fire safety

✔✔ Vapour permeable breathable insulation

✔✔ Improves energy performance and reduces heating &

cooling costs

✔✔ Easy to install

✔✔ Made from recycled glass. Minimal manufacturing and

on-site wastage. Low carbon footprint at manufacture

and during transport

W/mK 0.034

Walls - Internally insulated Walls - Separating

Product Thickness (mm) Width (m) Length (m) Board Area (m2) Boards Per Pallet

Calibel G3 Touch 42.5 2.5 1.2 3 27

Calibel G3 Touch 62.5 2.5 1.2 3 18

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Calibel is an insulation board made up of a thick base of glass mineral wool assuring excellent thermal, acoustic and mechanical insulation, finished with a plasterboard lining.

ISOVER Acoustic Roll High Acoustic Performance

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SPRODUCT DESCRIPTION A glass mineral wool roll providing high levels of acoustic insulation in partitions, walls and floors to meet acoustic requirements in domestic and non-residential applications.

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✔✔ Thermal conductivity 0.036 W/mK


✔✔ Excellent fire safety - A1 fire rated



cooling costs

✔✔ Easy to install. Friction fits between timber studs/joists




ISOVER Acoustic Roll High Acoustic Performance

Product Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Length (mm) Pack area (m2) Sheets per

pallet

ISOVER Acoustic Roll 25 1200 20000 24 24

ISOVER Acoustic Roll 50 1200 12000 14.40 24

ISOVER Acoustic Roll 70 1200 9000 10.80 24

ISOVER Acoustic Roll (Combi) 100 1160 6500 7.54 24



Pitched Roof - Attics Walls - Partition Floors - Floating - Under/Between

W/mK 0.036


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✔✔ Thermal conductivity 0.036 W/mK





cooling costs





ISOVER Acoustic Batt

Product Thickness (mm)

Width (mm)

Length (mm) Pack area (m2) Sheets per pallet Pack per pallet


50 600 1200 16 11.52 20


75 600 1200 10 7.20 20


100 600 1200 8 5.76 20

W/mK 0.036

Pitched Roof - Attics Walls - Partition Walls - Internally insulated

ISOVER Sound Deadening Floor Slab

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cooling costs





ISOVER Sound Deadening Floor Slab

Product Thickness (mm)

Width (mm)

Length (mm) Batt per pack Pack area (m2) Pack per pallet

ISOVER Sound Deadening Floor Slab - Rigid Grade

25 625 1200 8 6 n/a

Floors - Floating - Under/Between


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PRODUCT FEATURES

✔✔ Thermal Conductivity 0.040 W/mK.

✔✔ Excellent Acoustic Performance.

✔✔ Excellent Fire Safety - A1 Fire Rated.

✔✔ Vapour permeable breathable insulation.

✔✔ Improves energy performance and reduces heating

& cooling costs.

✔✔ Friction fits between timber joists /rafters. Easy to install.



and during transport.

ISOVER Spacesaver Plus Increased Thermal Performance

Product Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Length (mm) Pack area (m2) Pack per pallet

ISOVER Spacesaver Plus 100 1160 7000 8.12 24



Pitched Roof - Attics

W/mK 0.040

ISOVER Ireland Unit 4, Kilcarbery Business Park,

Nangor Road, Dublin 22 Tel: +353 (0)1 6298400

Email: [email protected] www.isover.ie

building acoustics - isover · 2018-04-20 · 06 building acoustics basics physiologically, noise...

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