building better models in cognitive neuroscience. part 2: application
DESCRIPTION
Follow-up to http://www.slideshare.net/BrianSpiering/building-better-models-in-cognitive-neuroscience-part-1-theory-24208554TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Brian J. Spiering
Building Better Models in Cognitive Neuroscience:APPLICATION
Review
• Better models help solve better problems
• Why?
• Ideals
• Modeling
HOW DOES PROCEDURAL
EXPERTISEDEVELOP?
1)Idea2)Inception3)Instantiations
Previous Notions
“It has been widely held that although memory traces are at first formed in the cerebral cortex, they are finally reduced or transferred by long practice to subcortical levels” (p. 466)
Karl Lashley (1950) In search of the engram
Previous Notions
“Routine, automatic, or overlearned behavioral sequences, however complex, do not engage the PFC and may be entirely organized in subcortical structures” (p. 323)
Joaquin Fuster (2001) The prefrontal cortex – an update
Previous Notions
An Contrarian Model of Procedural Expertise
Procedural learning is striatum dependent.
Procedural expertise is striatum independent.
SPEED Model(Subcortical Pathways Enable Expertise Development)
INCEPTION
F. Greg Ashby John Ennis
SCHEMATICOVERVIEW
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A B
A BA
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model
SensoryAssociation
CortexA Response
A
A
AA
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
ExcitatoryInhibitory
SPEED Model:Single Subcortical
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A B
A BA
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:Subcortical
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
StriatumSNpc
Dopamine
Excitatory
SPEED Model:Subcortical Learning
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A B
A BA
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:Subcortical
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
Response
BA
A-B difference
SPEED Model:Cortical
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A B
A BA
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:Cortical Learning
ACTIVATION EQUATIONS
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
BA Striatum
A BGlobus Pallidus
A BThalamus
BA Premotor Area(Cortex)
Response
A-B difference
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
Response
BA
B
A-B difference
A B
A BA
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model
LEARNING
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:1st Trial
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:Early Learning
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:Middle Learning
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
A
A
A A
Premotor Area(Cortex)
Thalamus
Globus PallidusStriatum
SPEED Model:Mature Performance
LEARNINGEQUATIONS
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
BA Premotor Area(Cortex)
2-Factor Learning
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
BA
Striatum
SensoryAssociation
Cortex
SNpc
3-Factor Learning
Dopamine Release
Incorrect Trial
Correct Trial
Break
INSTANTIATIONS
Romo, Merchant et al.
0
0.5
1
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Cycles Per Second
Pro
port
ion
of L
ow R
espo
nses
0
0.5
1
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Cycles per Second
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f L
ow
Res
po
nse
s
Low High
Monkeys SPEED
Speed (mm/s)
Merchant et al. (1997)
SPEED
Romo et al., 1997
SPEED
Carelli, Wolske, & West (1997)
SPEED
Carelli et al., 1997
Choi, Balsam, & Horvitz (2005)
SPEED
Nosofsky & Palmeri (1997)
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B B
Bri
ghtn
ess
Saturation
Participant 1
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110125140
Block (N)
Mea
n R
esp
on
se T
ime
SPEED Nosofsky & Palmeri (1997)
SPEED
UPDATES