building information system

8/8/2019 Building Information System

1/27

BUILDING INFORMATION

SYSTEM

Satinder Kaur

Faculty in Management

[email protected]


2/27

System as Planned Organizational

Change Building a new Information System is a

Planned organizational change.

It is much more than a new hardware andsoftware.

It involves changes in jobs, skills, management

& organization.


3/27

System Development & Organizational

ChangeFour types of structural changes enabled by IT

1. Automation

2. Rationalization3. Reengineering

4. Paradigm Shifts


4/27


5/27

System Development

Systems Developments is a structured kind ofproblem solving with distinct activities.

These Activities consist of

System Analysis System Design

System Development Process Programming

Testing

Conversion

Production & Maintenance


6/27

System Analysis

System analysis is the analysis of the problem thatorganization try to solve with information system.It consist of-

Defining the problem

Identifying the causes Specifying the solution

Identifying the information requirement

System analyst create the road map of the existing

organization systems, identify the problem andthen suggest alternative solutions . It also includefeasibility study about the feasibility of solutiontechnically, financially and at organization level.


7/27

System Design

System design is the overall plan or model for

the new system. It is like the blueprint of

building.

It consist of all the specifications that will

deliver the functions identified during system

analysis.


8/27

System Development Process

Programming

During programming stage, system

specifications that were prepared during the

design stage are translated into software

programme code.

Also, if the software that meets the

requirements for the new system from

external source can be purchased.


9/27


Testing


10/27


Conversion


11/27


Production & Maintenance


12/27

System Designing Methodologies

Structured Methodology

Object Oriented Methodology


13/27

Structured Methodology

It is step by step approach with each step buildingon the previous one.

It is top down ,progressing from highest, mostabstract level to the lowest level of the detail.

It is process oriented focusing on modeling the

processes or actions that capture store,manipulate and distribute data as the data flowthrough a system.


14/27

Process Model

A process is a business activity which when

executed produces certain outputs from given

inputs

The function(s) performed by a process may be

complex, with multiple inputs, outputs and users

The entire application itself is a process

We use successive decomposition into subprocesses to reveal greater details of the

processing


15/27

Decomposition splits the task into subtasks;

subtasks together make-up the parent task;

Balanced decomposition: sub-tasks areroughly equal in complexity

Function Decomposition


16/27


Top-down decomposition gives hierarchical

structure

Decompose into 2 or more; not more than 5 A high cohesion (high independence) and

minimum coupling (minimum

interdependence) are fundamental criteria

Continue decomposition until elementary

processes are identified


17/27


Elementary process is a smallest unit of

activity meaningful to end user (it sees and

leaves data in consistent state)

Process decomposition diagram

A tree structure

Elementary processes are leaf nodes

Data are not shown


18/27


Use proper naming of processes

Business functions named as nouns

(marketing, Inventory control, ) Process name consists of an active verb and

an object (accept order, calculate interest, )


19/27

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Very popular tool for describing functions of a

system in terms of processes and data used by

them

DFDs are simple pictorial representations;

easily understood by users and management.


20/27

Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

DFDs are unambiguous and concise

They can describe processing at physical as

well as logical levels DFDs facilitate top-down development

They permit outlining of preferences and

scope


21/27

DFD Notation

Data Flow : labeled arrow

Sources and sinks of information/data (also called external entity)

Process

or

Available data (data store)

nor

or


22/27


23/27

DFD Example 2: Old Car Mart Buys and sells old cars; has large number in

stock: different models, make, year, colors,

Does some repairs for adding value; records

kept; has own garage

Advertise in news papers

Salesmen hired on commission basis to

handle customers, negotiate, etc.

Needs to take stocks; prepare summary of

sales, profits, etc; pay salesmen


24/27


25/27

Example 3: Book Supplier Supplies books to customers; no stocks

maintained; books sourced directly from

publishers Prepare context diagrams

(all inputs/output not shown, such as invoices,..


26/27

Book-Supplier : Refinement 1


27/27

Book Supplier: Exploding Process 2

building information system

Documents