building introduction & thesis
DESCRIPTION
“Sustainable HVAC Configurations for Condominiums”. Agenda:. Coconut Building Condominiums. Building Introduction & Thesis. Original Design Critique. Hoboken, NJ. System 1: Industry Standard. System 2: Design System. System 3: Domestic Geothermal. System 4: Central Geothermal. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Building Introduction & Thesis
System 4: Central Geothermal
System 1: Industry Standard
System 2: Design System
System 3: Domestic Geothermal
Original Design Critique
Conclusions
“Sustainable HVAC Configurations for Condominiums”
Hoboken, NJ
Jenny Hamp
Mechanical Option
Coconut Building:
15 Million
Silver LEED
Bijou Properties
SHoP Architects
Buro Happold Engineers
Building Introduction & Thesis
System 4: Central Geothermal
System 1: Industry Standard
System 2: Design System
System 3: Domestic Geothermal
Original Design Critique
Conclusions
Thesis Analysis: Impact of Mechanical systems on Condominium building
How much can we improve the total performance of condominiums by changing the mechanical system?
What are the constraints for this kind of building?
e-
Original Design Critique: Cooling
NG
Original Design Critique: Heating
But to Understand why the Design System is LEED rated, we need to look at the standard condominium system
e-
Industry Standard System: Terminal Heat PumpSo why is this the industry
standard for Condominiums?
-Inexpensive, and since the owner sees no payback, it’s the best choice
-Only needs electricity installed to run
-Virtually no responsibility for the owner after installed
Terminal Heat PumpOriginal Design
$4800/yr
$16,000 Initial
4.4 G Btu/yr
$40,000 Initial
$3100/ yr
4.1 G Btu/yr
Maybe we can get the best of both systems.
If a geothermal loop is used to improve the COP of packaged heat pumps, perhaps we can get high efficiency, have better heating distribution, and keep individual control.
Terminal Packaged Geothermal
Packaged Terminal Heat Pump
Original Design
$40,000 Initial
$3100/yr
4.1 G Btu/yr
$40,000 Initial
$2050/yr
1.2 G Btu/yr
-0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
Terminal Packaged Geothermal
Is it possible to have better efficiency if we use a central plant?Packaged geothermal heat pumps are oversized and don’t have as good overall efficiency as central water to water heat pumps. So….
Central Geothermal Heat Pumps
$42,500 Initial
$1830/ yr
1.0 G Btu/yr
-0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
Domestic GeothermalCentral Geothermal
Heat Pumps
$40,000 Initial
$2050/yr
1.2 G Btu/yr
Terminal Heat PumpOriginal Design
$4800/yr
$16,000 Initial
4.4 G Btu/yr
$40,000 Initial
$3100/ yr
4.1 G Btu/yr
$42,500 Initial
$1830/ yr
1.0 G Btu/yr
$40,000 Initial
$2050/yr
1.2 G Btu/yr
Domestic Geothermal Central Geothermal
5.6 G Btu/yr
Source Energy
13.1 G Btu/yr
3.6 G Btu/yr
3.1 G Btu/yr
A better indicator of mechanical system performance…
Total Building Emissions
(Design System With compact fluorescents, CHP and Sensible Wheel)
Conclusions:
Condominiums energy consumption can be significantly changed by investing in efficient mechanical systems.
The need for autonomy and simple mechanical systems for condominiums excludes extensive energy saving measures
Low energy consumption does not mean low emissions
Thank you!
Any Questions?Building Design
Central Geothermal
Domestic Geothermal Base Case
Total Mechanical First Cost
$1,200,000 $1,292,398 $1,217,545 $485,870
Total Yearly Maintenance Billing Fees
$11,343 $11,343 $9,843 $5,421
Condominium Mechanical First Cost Range
$26,400
$69,960
$28,433
$75,347 $26,786 $70,983
$10,689
$28,326
Condo Utility Bill Range
$2,120
$5,416
$1,283 $3,171 $1,392 $3,609 $3,428 $8,189
Total Pounds of Emissions
1,346,097 902,395 962,813 2,266,284
Total Mbtu's, Site 4,075,011 1,045,412 1,182,802 4,377,384
Total Mbtu's, Source
5,643,772 3,100,236 3,548,407 13,132,153
Payback over Base Case
12 15 8 9 8 9 0 0
Payback over Design System
0 0 2 2 1 1 - -
Scroll Chiller Unloading Curve
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percent Full Load
Per
cen
t F
ull
Lo
ad C
on
sum
pti
on
Series1
EER 15.1
Modeled as Linear unloading curves:
Water to Water Geothermal, EER 19.8
Water to Air Geothermal, EER ~17.5
BH Designitem Size Quantity Crew Labor
HoursPrice, Mat & Instal
Total Labor Hours
Total Price Location Adjustment
DHWH Gas 550 gpm 2 Q-6 80 44000 160 88000
Multi Stage Scroll Chillers 110 ton 2 Q-7 190 72500 380 145000
Centrifugal Cooling Towers 125 ton 2 Q-7 24.43 19000 48.86 38000
Rooftop AHU 15000 cfm 1 Q-6 61.538 21100 61.538 21100
Exhaust Fan 815 cfm 5 Q-20 4 635 20 3175
Exhaust Fan 1450 cfm 9 Q-20 4.762 790 42.858 7110
Exhaust Fan 2050 cfm 3 Q-20 5 805 15 2415
Fan Coil Unit 1.5 ton 14 Q-5 2.909 1075 40.726 15050
Fan Coil Unit 2 ton 13 Q-5 3.048 1325 39.624 17225
Fan Coil Unit 2.5 ton 22 Q-5 3.2 1875 70.4 41250
Fan Coil Unit 3 ton 6 Q-5 4 2100 24 12600
Fin tube Radiators 1 ft 835 Q-5 0.348 50 290.58 41750
Boiler 1275 MBh 2 Q-7 89.9 18600 179.8 37200
1373.386 469875 516862.5
Central Geothermal
item Size Quantity Crew Labor Hours
Price, Mat & Instal
Total Labor Hours
Total Price Location Adjustment
DHWH 50 gal 30 Q-6 1.6 600 48 18000
Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger 400 gpm 1 Q-6 30 29700 30 29700
Pressure Tank 11
PLUM 2000 0 2000
Rooftop AHU 15000 cfm 1 Q-6 61.538 21100 61.538 21100
Enthalpy Wheel 20000 cfm 1 Q-10 30 17000 30 17000
Additional Duct 20000 cfm 2 Q-10 7 10000 14 20000
Vertical Turbine Pump 500 gpm 1 Q-1 26.23 9075 26.23 9075
Test well 1 B-23 26.49 4375 26.49 4375
Well and Casing and screen 2 B-23 333 76500 666 153000
Humidifyer 200 lb/hr 1 Q-5 261 6550 261 6550
Water to Water Heat Pumps 6 ton 2 Q-7 38.005 7175 76.01 14350
Water to Water Heat Pumps 30 ton 7 Q-7 96.96 17600 678.72 123200
Condensor Loop Pump 3 HP 4 Q-1 8 1584 32 6336
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil 1.5 ton 14 Q-5 4.3635 1612.5 61.089 22575
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil 2 ton 13 Q-5 4.572 1987.5 59.436 25837.5
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil 2.5 ton 22 Q-5 4.8 2812.5 105.6 61875
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil 3 ton 6 Q-5 6 3150 36 18900
2212.113 553873.5 609260.85
Decentral Geothermal
item Size Quantity Crew Labor Hours
Price, Mat & Instal
Total Labor Hours
Total Price Location Adjustment
DHWH 2 Q-6 80 44000 160 88000
Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger 400 gpm 1 Q-6 30 29700 30 29700
Pressure Tank 11
PLUM 10 2000 10 2000
Rooftop HP 30 ton 2 Q-6 102 23000 204 46000
Rooftop AHU 10000 cfm 2 Q-6 46.154 15600 92.308 31200
Enthalpy Wheel 10000 cfm 2 Q-10 26.7 10000 53.4 20000Additional Duct 20000 cfm 2 Q-10 7 6000 14 12000
Vertical Turbine Pump 500 gpm 1 Q-1 26.23 9075 26.23 9075
Test well 1 B-23 26.49 4375 26.49 4375
Well and Casing and screen 2 B-23 333 76500 666 153000
Humidifyer 200 lb/hr 1 Q-5 261 6550 261 6550
Water to air HP 1.5 ton 20 Q-5 8.89 1900 177.8 38000
Water to air HP 2 ton 19 Q-5 9.412 1975 178.828 37525
Water to air HP 2.5 ton 4 Q-5 10 2100 40 8400
1940.056 485825 534407.5
Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps
item Size Quantity Crew Labor Hours
Price, Mat & Instal
Total Labor Hours
Total Price Location Adjustment
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner 12000 Btuh 90 Q-5 4 1400 360 126000
Split system rooftop unit 50 ton 1 Q-7 213 111000 213 111000
OA supply ducts 20000 cfm 2 Q-10 15 9000 30 18000
Exhaust Fan 815 cfm 5 Q-20 4 635 20 3175
Exhaust Fan 1450 cfm 9 Q-20 4.762 790 42.858 7110
Exhaust Fan 2050 cfm 3 Q-20 5 805 15 2415
Exhaust Ducts and Vents 815 cfm 5 Q-10 18 9000 90 45000
Exhaust Ducts and Vents 1450 cfm 9 Q-10 19 10000 171 90000
Exhaust Ducts and Vents 2050 cfm 3 Q-10 20 13000 60 39000
1001.858 441700 485870
Per Apartment Average
1,200,000 41,379
1,292,398 44,565
1,217,545 41,984
485,870 16,754Packaged Unitary Mechanical Cost
Decentral Geothermal Mechanical Cost
Central Geothermal Mechanical Cost
Original Design Mechanical Cost
Central Geothermal January February March April May June July August September October November December Totalswith EW kwhr 18,111 16,200 18,430 12,645 8,052 4,463 4,428 4,315 4,712 10,422 14,088 18,389 134,255
29 29 29 24 17 11 12 14 12 19 24 29 29monthly $ 1,055 944 1,074 737 469 321 318 310 339 608 821 1,072 8,066first cost 58100
without kwhr 34,513 29,326 35,105 17,868 10,533 5,066 5,017 4,758 5,498 17,085 23,063 39,363 227,19652 51 54 35 24 13 16 18 16 35 43 64 64
monthly $ 2,010 1,708 2,045 1,041 614 364 361 342 395 996 1,345 2,295 13,515 5,449 7first cost 21100
Decentral Geothermalwith EW kwhr 15,287 13,663 15,579 10,329 6,615 4,352 4,907 4,731 4,083 8,256 11,648 15,543 114,993
25 25 25 20 14 12 16 18 10 16 20 25 25monthly $ 890 796 908 602 385 313 353 340 293 481 679 906 6,946first cost 109200
without kwhr 30,274 25,661 30,809 15,113 8,149 3,455 4,427 4,233 3,774 11,611 17,299 32,070 186,87545 45 48 30 20 15 23 26 13 23 31 50 50
monthly $ 1,763 1,495 1,795 880 475 248 318 304 271 677 1,009 1,870 11,105 4,159 18first cost 36000
Central Geothermal January February March April May June July August September October November December Totalswith EW kwhr 18,111 16,200 18,430 12,645 8,052 4,463 4,428 4,315 4,712 10,422 14,088 18,389 134,255
29 29 29 24 17 11 12 14 12 19 24 29 29monthly $ 1,055 944 1,074 737 469 321 318 310 339 608 821 1,072 8,066first cost 58100
without kwhr 34,513 29,326 35,105 17,868 10,533 5,066 5,017 4,758 5,498 17,085 23,063 39,363 227,19652 51 54 35 24 13 16 18 16 35 43 64 64
monthly $ 2,010 1,708 2,045 1,041 614 364 361 342 395 996 1,345 2,295 13,515 5,449 7first cost 21100
Decentral Geothermalwith EW kwhr 15,287 13,663 15,579 10,329 6,615 4,352 4,907 4,731 4,083 8,256 11,648 15,543 114,993
25 25 25 20 14 12 16 18 10 16 20 25 25monthly $ 890 796 908 602 385 313 353 340 293 481 679 906 6,946first cost 109200
without kwhr 30,274 25,661 30,809 15,113 8,149 3,455 4,427 4,233 3,774 11,611 17,299 32,070 186,87545 45 48 30 20 15 23 26 13 23 31 50 50
monthly $ 1,763 1,495 1,795 880 475 248 318 304 271 677 1,009 1,870 11,105 4,159 18first cost 36000
Yearly Savings
Payback Period