BUILDING MATERIALBUILDING MATERIAL

PALESTINE UNIVERSITY PALESTINE UNIVERSITY

Chapter No. 6Chapter No. 6

PAINTINGPAINTING

PAINTING PAINTING Object of paintsObject of paints

Paint performs following functions:Paint performs following functions: It protect wood from decaying.It protect wood from decaying. It prevents corrosion of metals.It prevents corrosion of metals. It protects the surface from harmful effects of It protects the surface from harmful effects of

atmospheric agencies.atmospheric agencies. It gives decorative and attractive appearance to It gives decorative and attractive appearance to

the surfaces.the surfaces. It renders surface hygienically safe and clean.It renders surface hygienically safe and clean.

The paint should be cheap.The paint should be cheap. It should have good covering power. In other It should have good covering power. In other

words it should be able to cover maximum area words it should be able to cover maximum area of the surface with minimum quantities of the of the surface with minimum quantities of the paint.paint.

It should be easy and harmless to the user.It should be easy and harmless to the user. The painted surface should dry neither too The painted surface should dry neither too

slowly nor too rapidly.slowly nor too rapidly. It should retain its original colour for along It should retain its original colour for along

time.time. When applied, the paint should form a thin When applied, the paint should form a thin

uniform film on painted surface.uniform film on painted surface.

PAINTING PAINTING Characteristics of an Ideal PaintCharacteristics of an Ideal Paint..

Atmospheric agencies should not be able to Atmospheric agencies should not be able to affect the painted surface.affect the painted surface.

The paint should form a hard and durable coat The paint should form a hard and durable coat on the painted surface.on the painted surface.

The painted surface should posses attractive and The painted surface should posses attractive and decorative pleasing appearance.decorative pleasing appearance.

The paint should not peel off from painted The paint should not peel off from painted surface.surface.

The painted surface should not show any cracks.The painted surface should not show any cracks. It should be good fire and moisture resistant.It should be good fire and moisture resistant.

PAINTING PAINTING Characteristics of an Ideal Characteristics of an Ideal

PaintPaint. . Cont.Cont.

1.1. White lead. White lead. Out of all the bases of paints, it is the cheapest base Out of all the bases of paints, it is the cheapest base

and is thus in most common use for ordinary painting works. and is thus in most common use for ordinary painting works. It is available in market both in powder form and stiff paste It is available in market both in powder form and stiff paste form. Paste is made by mixing white lead with linseed oil. It form. Paste is made by mixing white lead with linseed oil. It is dense, permanent and water proof. It possesses good is dense, permanent and water proof. It possesses good spreading and binding power. spreading and binding power.

2.2. Red lead. Red lead. It is lead oxide and is available in market either It is lead oxide and is available in market either

inform of powder or stiff paste ground in linseed oil. It is inform of powder or stiff paste ground in linseed oil. It is quite suitable for painting iron surfaces and for providing a quite suitable for painting iron surfaces and for providing a priming coat to wood surfaces. As it solidifies in a short priming coat to wood surfaces. As it solidifies in a short time with linseed oil, it can be used as a drier.time with linseed oil, it can be used as a drier.

PAINTING PAINTING Various types of bases for Various types of bases for paintspaints

3.3. Zinc white or zinc oxide. Zinc white or zinc oxide. Zinc white is an oxide of zinc and forms the base Zinc white is an oxide of zinc and forms the base

of all the zinc paints. It is available in powder as well as of all the zinc paints. It is available in powder as well as in paste form, made by grinding with linseed oil. This in paste form, made by grinding with linseed oil. This paint has good hiding and spreading power.it is affected paint has good hiding and spreading power.it is affected by sulpher vapour charged atmosphere. It is costlier by sulpher vapour charged atmosphere. It is costlier than lead white paint and is less durable and workable than lead white paint and is less durable and workable than it. Its film is very hard and brittle and has tendency than it. Its film is very hard and brittle and has tendency to develop surface cracks.to develop surface cracks.

4.4. Iron oxide. Iron oxide. Iron oxide forms the base of all the iron paints. It Iron oxide forms the base of all the iron paints. It

is exclusively used for the priming coat on iron or is exclusively used for the priming coat on iron or structural steel. The tint of paint varies from yellowish structural steel. The tint of paint varies from yellowish brown to black. It mixes readily with the vehicle oil and brown to black. It mixes readily with the vehicle oil and is quite cheap and durable. It is effective in preventing is quite cheap and durable. It is effective in preventing rusting of iron surfaces.rusting of iron surfaces.

PAINTING PAINTING Various types of bases for Various types of bases for paintspaints

Cont.Cont.

5.5. Titanium white.Titanium white.This material possesses intense opacity. It is This material possesses intense opacity. It is

chemically inert and not affected by heat or light. It is chemically inert and not affected by heat or light. It is used as under coat, in case of enamel paints. It is non-used as under coat, in case of enamel paints. It is non-poisonous and provides a thin transparent film.poisonous and provides a thin transparent film.

6.6. Antimony white. Antimony white. It is very nearly similar to titanium white.It is very nearly similar to titanium white.

7.7. Litho phone. Litho phone. Litho phone is a mixture of barytes and zinc Litho phone is a mixture of barytes and zinc

sulphide obtained by the process of precipitation under sulphide obtained by the process of precipitation under carefully controlled conditions. It is cheap and can be carefully controlled conditions. It is cheap and can be easily applied on the surface. When exposed to day light easily applied on the surface. When exposed to day light it changes colour and as such it should not be allowed to it changes colour and as such it should not be allowed to come in contact of water.come in contact of water.

PAINTING PAINTING Various types of bases for paintsVarious types of bases for paints

Cont.Cont.

8.8. Aluminum powder.Aluminum powder.

It is the base of all the aluminum paints. This It is the base of all the aluminum paints. This paint is generally used for a priming coat of new work. It paint is generally used for a priming coat of new work. It prevents working and cracking of wood. It is impervious prevents working and cracking of wood. It is impervious and maintains same moisture content in the wood, if and maintains same moisture content in the wood, if painted with it.painted with it.

PAINTING PAINTING Various types of bases for paintsVarious types of bases for paints

Cont.Cont.

Mostly white lead is used as base, in all the light Mostly white lead is used as base, in all the light

coloured oil paints. The base i.e. white lead is either coloured oil paints. The base i.e. white lead is either

obtained in form of paste directly from market or white lead obtained in form of paste directly from market or white lead

is ground in linseed oil to the paste like consistency. White is ground in linseed oil to the paste like consistency. White

lead paste is broken further by adding a linseed oil and lead paste is broken further by adding a linseed oil and

stirring the mixture with the help of wooden stick. Drier if to stirring the mixture with the help of wooden stick. Drier if to

be used is also ground in little linseed oil and separate paste be used is also ground in little linseed oil and separate paste

of it is prepared. If some specific colour is to be developed of it is prepared. If some specific colour is to be developed

in the paint the colouring pigment is also mixed with linseed in the paint the colouring pigment is also mixed with linseed

oil and a third separate paste is prepared. oil and a third separate paste is prepared.

PAINTING PAINTING Preparation of Oil PaintsPreparation of Oil Paints

Now all the three pastes i.e. white lead paste in Now all the three pastes i.e. white lead paste in

linseed oil ,If the resulting mixture is very thick, it should be linseed oil ,If the resulting mixture is very thick, it should be

thinned into consistency of cream by adding more of linseed thinned into consistency of cream by adding more of linseed

oil and stirring it well. The mixture thus prepared is oil and stirring it well. The mixture thus prepared is

screened through fine sieve or convass. The screened screened through fine sieve or convass. The screened

mixture is an oil paint ready for use. The paint may be mixture is an oil paint ready for use. The paint may be

further thinned to desired consistency simply by adding further thinned to desired consistency simply by adding

more of linseed oil or turpentine or both, just before its more of linseed oil or turpentine or both, just before its

actual use.actual use.

PAINTING PAINTING Preparation of Oil PaintsPreparation of Oil Paints

Cont.Cont.

Aluminum Paint Aluminum Paint

The paint is prepared by holding very finely The paint is prepared by holding very finely ground aluminum in suspension either in quick ground aluminum in suspension either in quick drying spirit varnish or slow drying oil varnish as drying spirit varnish or slow drying oil varnish as per the requirements of the surface to be painted. per the requirements of the surface to be painted. The suspension liquid i.e. spirit or oil, evaporates The suspension liquid i.e. spirit or oil, evaporates and a thin metallic film of aluminum is left on the and a thin metallic film of aluminum is left on the surface. This paint is used for painting wood work surface. This paint is used for painting wood work and metal surfaces. It is widely used for painting and metal surfaces. It is widely used for painting hot water pipes, gas tanks, marine piers, oil storage hot water pipes, gas tanks, marine piers, oil storage tanks, etc.tanks, etc.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Following are the advantages of aluminum paints.Following are the advantages of aluminum paints.(i) It has very good weather-resisting and water-proofing (i) It has very good weather-resisting and water-proofing

properties.properties.(ii) It is Visible in darkness also because of its silver shinning (ii) It is Visible in darkness also because of its silver shinning

colour.colour.(iii) It has high electrical resistance.(iii) It has high electrical resistance.

(iv) It protects the surfaces of iron and steel against corrossion, (iv) It protects the surfaces of iron and steel against corrossion, better than any other paint.better than any other paint.

(v) It possesses a very large capacity. For instance one litre of (v) It possesses a very large capacity. For instance one litre of this pain may cover an area of about 200 m2.this pain may cover an area of about 200 m2.

(vi) It is highly heat reflective(vi) It is highly heat reflective(vii) It can withstand the effect of atmosphere contaminated with (vii) It can withstand the effect of atmosphere contaminated with

acidic fumes, and also effects of sea water.acidic fumes, and also effects of sea water.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Anti-corrosive paints. Anti-corrosive paints.

As their name suggests, these paints are used mainly As their name suggests, these paints are used mainly to protect the surface of metallic structural steel work, to protect the surface of metallic structural steel work,

against the negative effects of acids, corrosive chemicals against the negative effects of acids, corrosive chemicals fumes, etc. There are several paints which exhibit these fumes, etc. There are several paints which exhibit these

properties. These paints essentially consist of the linseed oil properties. These paints essentially consist of the linseed oil as vehicle and red lead, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc dust, as vehicle and red lead, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc dust,

zinc chromate etc, as their base. zinc chromate etc, as their base. Asbestos paintAsbestos paint..

This paint is used for stopping leakage of metal This paint is used for stopping leakage of metal roofs and painting gutters, spouts, flashings etc. to prevent roofs and painting gutters, spouts, flashings etc. to prevent their rusting. This paint is also used as damp-proof coat to their rusting. This paint is also used as damp-proof coat to cover the outer face of the basement walls. This paint can cover the outer face of the basement walls. This paint can

withstand the effects of acidic gases and steam.withstand the effects of acidic gases and steam.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Bituminous paintBituminous paint. .

This paint consists of asphalt, bitumen or pitches, This paint consists of asphalt, bitumen or pitches, dissolves in any type of oil or petroleum. The paint is dissolves in any type of oil or petroleum. The paint is

always black in colour but its colour, can be modified by always black in colour but its colour, can be modified by mixing certain pigment like red oxide etc. in it. This paint is mixing certain pigment like red oxide etc. in it. This paint is

used mostly for painting iron-works under water. used mostly for painting iron-works under water. Bronze paints. Bronze paints.

These paints are prepared by disbursing aluminum These paints are prepared by disbursing aluminum bronze or copper bronze in nitro-celrulose lacquer as bronze or copper bronze in nitro-celrulose lacquer as

vehicle. They produce a very reflective type of surface and vehicle. They produce a very reflective type of surface and hence very useful for being applied on radiators. These hence very useful for being applied on radiators. These

paints are equally effective for painting interior or exterior paints are equally effective for painting interior or exterior metallic surfaces.metallic surfaces.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Cellulose paint. Cellulose paint. This type of paint is prepared from cellulose sheets, This type of paint is prepared from cellulose sheets,

nitro-cotton and photographic films. This paint dries very nitro-cotton and photographic films. This paint dries very quickly and provides a flexible, hard, and smooth surface. The quickly and provides a flexible, hard, and smooth surface. The

paint does not harden by oxidation but by evaporation of paint does not harden by oxidation but by evaporation of thinning agent. The surface of this paint can be easily washed thinning agent. The surface of this paint can be easily washed

and cleaned. It remains unaffected by hot water, smoky or acidic and cleaned. It remains unaffected by hot water, smoky or acidic atmosphere. This paint is used for painting cars aero planes. atmosphere. This paint is used for painting cars aero planes.

Casein paint. Casein paint. Casein is a product extracted from milk curd. This when Casein is a product extracted from milk curd. This when

mixed with base like whiting, titanium, lithopone, etc. forms the mixed with base like whiting, titanium, lithopone, etc. forms the paint which is usually available in powder or paste form. This paint which is usually available in powder or paste form. This

paint has high capacity and can be applied on new plaster work. paint has high capacity and can be applied on new plaster work. It is usually used on walls, ceilings wall-boards, cement block It is usually used on walls, ceilings wall-boards, cement block

construction etc. to increase the appearance of the surface. construction etc. to increase the appearance of the surface.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Cement paint. Cement paint. This paint is available in powder form. It consists of This paint is available in powder form. It consists of white or colored cement as its base and water acts as white or colored cement as its base and water acts as vehicle. No oil or varnish is added to it. This paint is vehicle. No oil or varnish is added to it. This paint is

available in variety of shades. It is durable and water-proof. available in variety of shades. It is durable and water-proof. This paint proves to be useful for surfaces which are damp This paint proves to be useful for surfaces which are damp

at the time of painting and are also likely to remain damp at the time of painting and are also likely to remain damp after painting. after painting.

Enamel paint. Enamel paint. This paint is prepared by adding base like white lead This paint is prepared by adding base like white lead

or zinc white to a vehicle which is a varnish. To obtain the or zinc white to a vehicle which is a varnish. To obtain the desired colour, coloring pigments may also be added. This desired colour, coloring pigments may also be added. This

paint dries slowly and forms a hard, durable, smooth gloosy paint dries slowly and forms a hard, durable, smooth gloosy solid thin film. Different types of enamel paints are being solid thin film. Different types of enamel paints are being

manufactured in a variety of colours. manufactured in a variety of colours.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Emulsion paint. Emulsion paint.

This paint consists of synthetic resin like poly vinyl This paint consists of synthetic resin like poly vinyl acetate. It can be applied easily. It retains its colour for a acetate. It can be applied easily. It retains its colour for a very long time. The surface of the paint is tough and can be very long time. The surface of the paint is tough and can be cleaned by washing with water. This paint has excellent cleaned by washing with water. This paint has excellent resistance against action of alkali. It dries very quickly in resistance against action of alkali. It dries very quickly in about one to two hoursabout one to two hours

Graphite paint.Graphite paint.

It is black in colour. It is used over the surface It is black in colour. It is used over the surface which come in contact with ammonia, chlorine, sulphur which come in contact with ammonia, chlorine, sulphur gases, etc. It is very much used in under ground railways.gases, etc. It is very much used in under ground railways.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Plastic paints. Plastic paints.

This paint contains a variety of plastics in suspension This paint contains a variety of plastics in suspension and is available in the market under different trade names. and is available in the market under different trade names. This paint is available in very attractive and pleasing shades. This paint is available in very attractive and pleasing shades. It is mostly used in show rooms, display rooms, and It is mostly used in show rooms, display rooms, and auditorium etc. It can be applied by spray or by brush.auditorium etc. It can be applied by spray or by brush.

Silicate paint. Silicate paint.

It is prepared by mixing calcium and finely ground It is prepared by mixing calcium and finely ground silica with resinous materials. It forms a very hard and silica with resinous materials. It forms a very hard and durable film on painted surface. It can be directly applied on durable film on painted surface. It can be directly applied on brick, concrete or plastered surface, but only after wetting brick, concrete or plastered surface, but only after wetting them. them.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Luminous paint. Luminous paint.

This paint is prepared by mixing calcium sulphide This paint is prepared by mixing calcium sulphide with Varnish. This paint shines in darkness like radium dials with Varnish. This paint shines in darkness like radium dials of watches. This paint should be applied on surface which of watches. This paint should be applied on surface which have been rendered free from corrosion or lead paints in have been rendered free from corrosion or lead paints in particular.particular.

Inodorous paint. Inodorous paint.

This paint consists of white lead or zinc white mixed This paint consists of white lead or zinc white mixed with methylated spirit. No turpentine is used in this paint. with methylated spirit. No turpentine is used in this paint. White lead or zinc white is ground in oil. Shellac with some White lead or zinc white is ground in oil. Shellac with some quantity of linseed oil and castor oil, is dissolved in quantity of linseed oil and castor oil, is dissolved in methylated spirit and this mixture is mixed with lead or zinc methylated spirit and this mixture is mixed with lead or zinc white paste prepared in linseed oil.white paste prepared in linseed oil.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

Rubber paint. Rubber paint.

This paint is prepared by treating rubber with This paint is prepared by treating rubber with chlorine gas (chlorinated rubber) and then chlorine gas (chlorinated rubber) and then dissolving it in suitable solvent. This paint can be dissolving it in suitable solvent. This paint can be used on new concrete and lime plastered surfaces. used on new concrete and lime plastered surfaces. This paint dries quickly. It is little affected by This paint dries quickly. It is little affected by weather and sunlight. It is resistant against chemical weather and sunlight. It is resistant against chemical actions, water, etc. It can be applied on fresh actions, water, etc. It can be applied on fresh concrete surface concrete surface i.e., i.e., surfaces which are not surfaces which are not completely dry.completely dry.

PAINTING PAINTING types of paints types of paints

Cont.Cont.

PAINTING PAINTING Painting Brushes And Painting Gun Painting Brushes And Painting Gun

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PAINTING PAINTING