1. Building Materials By: Beatriz Aguilar Janita & Juan Manuel Donaire Felipe

2. MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Materials of construction are thoose which are used in the construction of buildings.

Rock Materials:

Compact rocks : Are stone blocks of differents materials like limestone and granite that formpaving stones, flagstones,...

Separated rocks : Stone fragments with a variable size.- Clay: Very small grains that absorbe water. -Arids:Are fragments of other rocks:Sand and gravel.

3. Binder materials

Binders are materials that, if they aremixed with water they become pasty. And when they solidificate they adquire rigidity.

Gypsum: It is a mineral that mixed with water it is used tocover walls.

4. Binder materials (II)

Lime: It is obtained by the heating of limestone.

Cement: It is the most used binder. There are various kinds of cement like: -Iron and steel-Portland...

5. Concrete

The concrete is acombination of binder, arids and water.

Cellular concrete It is produced by the addition of air inside it.

Lime concrete; It is a type of concrete where the cement is repleced by lime.

6. Concrete (II)

Reinforced concrete:It is a type of concrete usually strengthened withiron bars.

Glass concrete: Its a type of concrete made with recycled glass. It has a better long term strength and better thermal insulation due to its better thermal properties of the glass aggregates

7. Pottery Materials

Pottery materials are pieces fabricated withclay fired in a kiln.

The process to elaborate pottery materials have two parts:

1. Some machines mix clay with water, then the mass is passed through different kinds of nozzles.

2. The material cross several rooms with different temperatures.

8. Pottery Products

Bricks: Pieces of fired clay. There are two types:

Thin bricks: have a good atmospheric resistant and insulating properties. It is used to make facades

Normal bricks: they have less resistance .Are used in walls.

9. Pottery Products (II)

Tile: Fired clay pieces used inroofs.

Glazed tile: Pieces formed by two layers, one of clay and the other of glass.They are use to recover walls in the kitchen and bathroom.

10. Pottery Products (III)

Stoneware: Is a mixture used to elaborate glass pottery pieces which are used to makefloors and walls.

Porcelain: Pottery material covered with enamel that gives to it a glass appearance.

11. Other Materials

Steel: Is used to reinforce the concrete.

Glass: Is used in lots of types ofwindows, doors, decorations...

Copper: Is used ininstallations of water, gas...

12. Other Materials (II)

Aluminum: Used in sides ofwindows, doors...

Woods: Usedin roofs, doors, windows, floors...

Plastics: Used like an insulating material, recovering of thefloors, windows...

13. Building construction

The builiding construction has several phases.

1. Prepare the terrain through several actions.

2. Positioning of the elements which are undergound andgenerally are made of reinforced concrete.

3. Rising of the structure.

14. BuildingConstruction (II)

4.Itsthe covering of the builiding.

5.Materials like wood, stoneware... are used over each floor.

6.Through the rising of walls rooms are builded.

7. Placing of several instalations like water or electricity ones.

8.Its the final phase of the building, in which the use of the building is determinated.

15. Construction Machinery

In the excavation are useddiggers.

In the leveling of the terrain are usedbulldozers, steamrollers...

The materials are transported inlorries.

16. Construction Machinery (II)

The materials are elevated with cranes, which are formed by three elements:

1.A vertical metallic structure.

2.A horizontal metallic structure which can turn 360.

3.Structure that supportthe load.

17. Enviromental Impact

Human Beings live a great part of their lives inside buildings. In Europe around the 40% of the energy is used inconstruction.

The enviromnental impact is due to various factors:

A building has a long life.

It interfere with nature.

A building is very complex andhas a great quantity of materials.

18. THE END

By: Juan Manuel Donaire & Beatriz Aguilar