Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries

Changes in EU Agricultural Policy and the Role of Extension Ciaran Gannon/

27 June 2007

Workshop Objectives….

� To create awareness on new challenges and trends in agricultural research for

development and extension

� To share success stories/ best practices for linking agricultural research,

extension, policy makers and farmers

� To share experiences in ICT applications for strengthening agricultural service

institutions and their linkages

� To identify gaps and opportunities for better investment of scarce resources

through regional cooperation

� To identify potential partners and promoters for regional collaboration

� To formulate and outline of a framework for future regional collaboration

….put in the context of evolution of EU policy and the changing role of extension….

….put in the context of evolution of EU policy and the changing role of extension….

My Presentation….

� What is Extension..?

� Evolution of the policy framework� Rural Development measures

� New challenges: � Targeting of Extension Resources to maximise outcomes

� Efficient knowledge transfer

� Summary points for the West Balkans

First a quick overview of what extension means to different people…First a quick overview of what extension means to different people…

Extension ?Voorlichting: “lighting the pathway ahead”

Penyuluhan: “lighting the path with a torch”

Beratung: “advice how to reach your goal”

Aufklärung: “enlightenment”

Erziehung: “teach people to solve it themselves”

Extension ?Förderung: “Furthering”

Vulgarisation: “Simplify message for the common man”

Дорадчі: “To advise”

What is involved in delivering extension…..What is involved in delivering extension…..

Extension: “The targeted use of information and advice to influence changes in behaviour…”

ACTION OUTCOME

AGENT CUSTOMER

Widespread change in attitude, behaviour

and skills

EXTENSION: + techniques for influencing and

disseminating

Know the facts and have some recommendations

ADVICE: + opinion given or offered as to future action

Know the factsINFORMATION:= items of fact or knowledge

What about delivery mechanisms..?What about delivery mechanisms..?

LEAF

Farmers R’earch

FWAG

Govern’mt Research

Farmers

Gov’ment

SAC

R’earchSpecil’ts

Adviser

Client

Farmers

Local

steering committee

Local

technical committee

National

steering committee

National

technical committee

Regional

CBSC

Regional

CBSC

Clients

Main CBSC

website

Landcare groupCo-ordinator and

group membersFacilitator

External sources of

information

Private

consultants

Cott

on

farm

ers

a b

So, we understand the function, and recognise there are various models for delivery, but how does the policy framework influence extension…?

So, we understand the function, and recognise there are various models for delivery, but how does the policy framework influence extension…?

Policy Evolution…Policy Evolution…1957 Treaty of Rome

agriculture a special concern:

� low incomes and declining rural areas

� high share of employment and of consumers expenditure

� food security

Domestic Support: Intervention Buying

Domestic Support: Intervention Buying

Market Access: Import Tariffs

Market Access: Import Tariffs

Supply Management:Export Subsidies

Supply Management:Export Subsidies

CAP Impact...CAP Impact...

� farmers responded by intensifying production

� high cost of managing surpluses -

grain and butter mountains, wine

lakes, cost of export refunds etc

� in some cases intensification of

agricultural production led to

environmental damage

� Increased focus on Rural Development….

UK Average Wheat Yields 1945-1999

2.602.86

3.643.88

4.414.19

4.34

5.88

6.33

6.97

7.708.05

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999

ton

ne

s p

er

he

cta

re

Evolution of CAP………Evolution of CAP………

EU-30?

Single Payment:

Regional Ave.

Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill

farming, Diversification

etc.

Post Fischler2010 onwards?€35 bn inc. RD?

EU-30?

Single Payment:

Regional Ave.

Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill

farming, Diversification

etc.

EU-30?

Single Payment:

Regional Ave.

Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill

farming, Diversification

etc.

Post Fischler2013 onwards?€35 bn inc. RD?

Fischler2003-201

€50 bn inc. RD

Mkt Support

Direct

EU-25/27

Rural Dev.

Single Paym’t: DecoupledHistoric or Regional Average

Fischler2006-2013

€50 bn inc. RD

Mkt Support

Direct

EU-25/27

Rural Dev.

Single Paym’t: DecoupledHistoric or Regional Average

Agenda 20002004€45 bn

Mkt Support

Direct Payments

Rural Dev.

EU-15

Post MacSharry1999€40 bn

Structural, inc Agri-envirnmt

Direct Payments:Arable Area

Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments

Market Support

EU-15

Pre MacSharry1993

31 bn ECU

Market Support:

Intervention, Export Refunds, Import Duties

Structural Funds

EU-12

Agenda 20002004€45 bn

Mkt Support

Direct Payments

Rural Dev.

EU-15

Agenda 20002004€45 bn

Mkt Support

Direct Payments

Rural Dev.

EU-15

Post MacSharry1999€40 bn

Structural, inc Agri-envirnmt

Direct Payments:Arable Area

Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments

Market Support

EU-15

Post MacSharry1999€40 bn

Structural, inc Agri-envirnmt

Direct Payments:Arable Area

Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments

Market Support

EU-15

Structural, inc Structural, inc Agri-envirnmtAgri-envirnmt

Direct Payments:Arable Area

Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments

Market Support

EU-15

Pre MacSharry1993

31 bn ECU

Market Support:

Intervention, Export Refunds, Import Duties

Structural Funds

EU-12

Pre MacSharry1992

31 bn ECU

Market Support:

Intervention, Export Refunds, Import Duties

Structural Funds

EU-12

1992 2013

“Of course we want to take away all unnecessary burdens here as well, but we must preserve the main objective underlying the Cross-Compliance system: the delivery of public goods and services. This is in the interest of all -and particularly of the farming sector, because Cross-Compliance will help us to win broader support for our policy in future.”

Mariann Fischer Boel- EU Commissioner, Oct

2006

Farm A

dvisor

y Sys

tem

http://

agrif

ish.jr

c.it/m

arsp

ac/m

eetin

gs/2006-1

0-02_Isp

ra/in

dex.htm

Structure of the Rural Development RegulationStructure of the Rural Development Regulation

� Axis 1: Improving the competitiveness of the agriculture and forestry sector

� Axis 2: Improving the environment and the

countryside

� Axis 3: The quality of life in rural areas and

diversification of the rural economy

� Axis 4: Leader

Rural Development 2007-2013

LEADER AXIS

AXIS I

Competitiveness

AXIS II

Environment

and Land

Management

AXIS II

Economic drivers

and quality of life

Single set of programming, financing, monitoring, auditing rules

SINGLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT FUND

Axis 1 - CompetitivenessAxis 1 - Competitiveness

� Article 21: Vocational training, information actions, including diffusion of scientific knowledge and innovative practises, for persons engaged in the agricultural, food and forestry sectors

� Article 22: Setting up young farmers

� Article 23: Early retirement of farmers and farm workers

� Article 24: Use by farmers and forest holders of advisory services

� Article 25: Setting up of management, relief, and advisory services.

� Article 26: Modernisation of agricultural holdings

� Article 27: Improving the economic value of forests

� Article 28: Adding value to agricultural and forestry products

� Article 29: Cooperation for development of new products, processes and technologies in the agricultural and food sector and in the forestry sector

� Article 30: Improving and developing infrastructure related to the development and adaptation of agriculture and forestry

� Article 31: Meeting Standards based on Community Legislation

� Article 32: Participation of farmers in food quality schemes

� Article 33: Information and promotion activities

Axis 2 - EnvironmentAxis 2 - Environment

� Article 37: Payments to farmers in mountain areas and other areas with handicaps, other than mountain areas

� Article 38: Natura 2000 payments and payments linked to Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD)

� Article 39: Agri-environment payments

� Article 40: Animal Welfare payments

� Article 41: Support for non-productive investments

� Articles 43-49: Measures targeting the sustainable use of forestry land� Article 43 – First Afforestation of Agricultural Land

Article 44 – First Establishment of Agroforestry systems on agricultural landArticle 45 – First afforestation of non-agricultural land

� Article 46 – NATURA 2000 Payments� Article 47 – Forest Environment Payments� Article 48 – Restoring Forestry potential and introducing prevention action� Article 49 – Support for Non-Productive Investments

New objectives - Adaptation to Climate Change and Resource protectionNew objectives - Adaptation to Climate Change and Resource protection

Axis 3 – Quality of lifeAxis 3 – Quality of life

� Articles 53 –55: Measures to diversify the rural economy.� Article 53: Diversification into non-agricultural activity� Article 54: Support for business creation and development� Article 55: Encouragement of tourism activities

� Articles 56 – 57: Measures to improve the quality of life in rural areas.� Article 56: Basic services for the rural economy and population� Article 57: Conservation and upgrading of the rural heritage

� Article 58: Training and information measure for economic actors operating in the fields covered by Axis 3.

� Article 59: Measure for skills acquisition and animation with a view to preparing and implementing a local development strategy.

Article 61 LeaderArticle 61 Leader

� Area-based local development strategies intended for well-identified sub-regional rural territories

� Local public-private partnerships (Local Action Groups)

� Bottom-up approach with a decision making power for local action groups concerning the elaboration and implementation of local development strategies

� Multi-sectoral design and implementation of the strategy based on the interaction between actors and projects of different sectors of the local economy

� Implementation of innovative approaches

� Implementation of cooperation projects

� Networking of local partnerships

Support measures for candidate and potential candidate countries reflect this model……

Support measures for candidate and potential candidate countries reflect this model……

Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance – IPA

5 components..

Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance – IPA

5 components..

1. Transition assistance and institution building

2. Cross border co-operation

3. Regional development

4. Human resources development

5. Rural development � IPARD

� Axis 1: Improving market efficiency

� Axis 2: Prep for implementation of AE and LEADER

� Axis 3: Development of the rural economy

This more holistic approach reflects the model for sustainable development

and presents new challenges for those involved in extension…

integration, targeting and knowledge transfer – some illustrations..!

This more holistic approach reflects the model for sustainable development

and presents new challenges for those involved in extension…

integration, targeting and knowledge transfer – some illustrations..!

Phosphates – Crops

FAVOURABLE

FAVOURABLE OTHER

DESTROYED

PART DESTROYED

UNFAVOURABLE DECLINING

UNFAVOURABLE NO CHANGE

UNFAVOURABLE RECOVERING

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Low Risk

High Risk

SSSI Distribution and Unit Conditions

Integrating Advice to deliver multiple outcomes

Innovators

Early adopters

Early Majority

Late majority

Laggards

Targeting extension resources ?

recognising rates of adoption, and target zones..

Targeting extension resources ?

recognising rates of adoption, and target zones..

Time

Ra

te o

f a

do

pti

on

of

new

te

ch

no

log

y

Using GIS to target multiple outcomes…andUsing GIS to target multiple outcomes…and

Fostering collaborative activity..to share knowledge and understanding…

Fostering collaborative activity..to share knowledge and understanding…

Summary Points for the West BalkansSummary Points for the West Balkans

� New policy framework for rural development will necessitate an integrated and joined-up approach to address the significant challenges of competitiveness, environmental enhancement and social development

� GIS and other technology can facilitate targeting of extension resources for optimum effect

� Trans-regional collaboration is encouraged by the EU for the multiple benefits accruing

� The pace of change will not ease up……

Final Comment….Final Comment….

“ when the world is changing very slowly, you don’t need much information…

But when the change is rapid, then there is a premium on information to guide the

process of change”

Lester Brown, Environmental Analyst

WWW references…WWW references…

EU

� Agriculture and Rural Development http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/index_en.htm

� Rural Development Policy http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rurdev/index_en.htm

� Interreg Programme http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/interreg3/index_en.htm

UK

� Defra: Rural Development http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/default.htm

� Centre for Rural Innovation http://www.cfri.co.uk/index.php

Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries

Changes in EU Agricultural Policy and the Role of Extension Ciaran Gannon

27 June 2007