NGO MANAGENAT

UNESCO’s remaining part Presentation:“World Heritage Sites”By

Zulfiqar Ali Mazari

“Building peace in the minds of men and women”

• The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity.• The programme was founded with the Convention

Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage which was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972 in Paris

World Heritage SitesIn 2012, 189 out of 194 world nations work with UNESCO to protect these sites.

World Heritage Sites•There are total 981 World heritage sites • Located in 160 states party•Of those 759 are Cultural•193 Natural•29 Mixed•44 properties in Danger because ofWARs, Natural Disasters, Environmental conditions, Pollution, Poaching, Urban sprawl, Tourism, Vandalism and looting.

World Heritage SitesLists further meet at least 10 selection criteria

Selection Criteria

Selection Criteria

World Heritage Sites in Pakistan• Pakistan approved the convention on 23 July 1976, making

its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. • UNESCO has nominated six sites in Pakistan as World

Heritage Sites. In 1980, The first sites to be inducted in the list were • 1)Mohenjodro 2) Takht-i-bahi & Sehr-i-Bahlol and 3)

Taxila

World Heritage Sites in PakistanIn 1981, two other sites were inscribed.•4) Shahi Fort & Shalamar Garden•5) Historical Monuments at Makli•6) Rohtas Fort.

Mohenjodro (Archeological Ruins)

Period 26th century BC to 19th century BCThe 5000-year-old city was one of the largest and earliest urbanized settlements in South Asia.Ruins, first discovered in 1922 and Major excavations carried out in 1930's.After 1965 excavations were banned.

Taxila• Period 5th century BC to 2nd century AD• Taxila is an archaeological site located in

the Rawalpindi District, 30 km northwest of Islamabad. The city dates back to the Gandhara period and contains the ruins of the Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā which was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions.

Takht-i-Bahi (Buddhist Ruins) and Sahr-i-Bahlol

• Period 1st century• Takht-i-Bahi, meaning spring throne, is a

Buddhist monastic complex dating to the 1st century BC located on top of a 152 m high hill. The ruins are located about 16 km from Mardan and 80 km from Peshawar. Sahr-i-Bahlol is a small fortified city, dating from the same era, located near Takht-i-Bahi. The historical complex is a complete Buddhist monastery consisting of four main groups; the Court of Stupas, a monastic complex, a temple complex, and a tantric monastic complex.

Shahi Fort and Shalamar Garden

• Period ----- 1556• The Fort and Shalamar Garden….are two royal

developments from the Mughal era. • It has been destroyed and rebuilt several times

during its history. • The Shalamar Garden constructed by the

emperor Shah Jahan in 1642.• The gardens are influenced by Persian and Islamic

traditions and cover 16 hectares of land area.

Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta

• Period---- 14th century to 18th century•Makli is a necropolis in the archaeological

city of Thatta dating back to 14th century. •Monuments and tombs in Makli are built

from high quality stone, brick, and glazed tiles representing the civilization of Sindh of the time. • Tombs of famous saints and rulers are still

preserved.

Rohtas Fort• Period --------- 1541• Rohtas Fort is a garrison fort built by Sher Shah

Suri, located about 16 km from Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. The fort is an exceptional example of Islamic military architecture, integrating artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian subcontinent. • Location---- Kahan River to control the Ghakkars.

Name derived---- Rohtasgarh, the site of Sher Shah's victory in 1539 over a Hindu ruler.