building sustainable, affordable housing communities ......vs building sustainable, affordable...

VS

Building Sustainable, Affordable Housing Communities - Using High Performance

Design and Technologies

by

V. SureshChairman – Indian Green Building Council (IGBC )

Vice Chairman – National Building Code of IndiaFormer, CMD - HUDCO

10th Annual Affordable Housing Projects

Organised bymarcusevans event

Pavilion Hotel, Kuala Lumpur

9th April 20191

World Population Trends

2Source: UN Population Division; WORLD POPULATION PROSPECTS

Population Reference Bureau: WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET

Population in developing and lesser developed countries to be 88% of total population by 2050

9300

6883

6100

5667(82%)

4900(80%)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

8200

(88%)

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

(in millions)

VS

Decadal Growth Rate of Population (1991-2001) Urban: 31.13% Rural: 17.97%

11 May, 2000, 1000 M

1350 M

361330 M

540 M

(40%)393

(33%)285.35

(28%)217.61

(25.71%)

62(17%)50 M (16%)

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1947 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021

Total Urban

350 Million getting added in 2 Decades

Extremely susceptible to Natural Hazards and attendant disasters

Urbanisation Scenario in India

VS

• Urban Housing shortage increased from-

3.60 million – 1961

7.00 million – 1981

16.00 million – 2001

22.40 million – 2007

20.00 million – 2011

Need to build 40 million urban houses for the decade 2010 - 2030

• The Slum Housing needs face still larger challenges – Housing

the other half of city

• Massive investments of over US$ 2 trillion needed to cover the

above housing needs by 2022

Housing Needs

4

VS

Size of the Housing Pie

1

5

HIG

VS


1

2

6

HIG

MIG

VS


1

2

37

HIG

MIG

LIG

VS


1

2

3

4 8

HIG

MIG

LIG

EWS

VS

Housing Options

9

HIG

MIG

LIG

EWS

LUXURY HOUSING

200-300 Sqm

PREMIUM HOUSING

100-160 Sqm

AFFORDABLE

LOW INCOMF HOUSING

50-80 Sqm

AFFORDABLE

SOCIAL HOUSING

30-40 Sqm

Status of Construction Industry

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

94-9

5

95-9

6

96-9

7

97-9

8

98-9

9

99-2

000

2000-0

1

01-0

2

02-0

3

03-0

4

04-0

5

05-0

6

06-0

7

07-0

8

08-0

9

09-1

0

IND

EX

wit

h B

ase

19

90

-91

= 1

00

Wholesale Price Index

Building Cost Index

Average Income

Cost of construction goes up at rates 50% more than inflation

10VS

Rising Cost of Construction

• Cost of Land going up by 15 to 20% per year

• Cost of Cement up by Rs.800 / ton

• Excepting Plywood all material costs up

• Labour cost up by 20% over the last 3 years

• Cost of Construction up by 15% to 20%

• How do we cope with this?

• More so for the EWS, LIG and even MIG?

11VS

Salient Indicators

Aims to reduce the cost of construction and at

the same time not sacrifice any element of safety

or serviceability of the house over the life cycle.

• strong,

• durable,

• functional,

• aesthetic,

• environment friendly,

• ecologically

appropriate,

• energy efficient

• affordable and

adaptable

• cost-effective

materials

• appropriate

technologies in

construction.

There is need for adoption of :

12VS

NBC of India 2016Built around the philosophy of creating and maintaining Safe Built Environment for people and property by ensuring:

Structural Safety

HealthSafety

FireSafety

ConstructionSafety

ElectricSafety

EnvironmentSafety

LifeSafety

PublicSafety

2016version

14

Beyond Safety Consideration

is the Green Movement

While the present Regulatory frame work deal with Built

Environment for the three dimensional spaces and connected

spatial development, these do not touch on:

• Environment

• Ecology

• Energy Consumption

• Effective, Efficient, Economic and Optimum Resource

Management

• Faster and Efficiency Connectivity – Urban Mobility and Speedy

communication link with the world

• Quality of Life

• Sustainable Development

15

Life Cycle Sustenance - Project

Cradle to Grave (50 to 100 years life cycle?)

All level Techno Commercial Evaluations shall include

associated costs for:

• Designing

• Sourcing

• Building

• Operating

• Decommissioning

• Reusing

• Disposing

VS

UN Sustainable Development Goals

By 2030

16

17

Part 11 of NBC of India 2016

Approach to Sustainability

Siting, Form and Design

External Development and Landscape

Envelope Optimization

Materials

Water and Waste Management

Building Services Optimisation

Constructional Practices

Commissioning, Operation, Maintenance and Building

Performance Tracking

18

Part 12 of NBC of India 2016

New Part 12 on

Assets and Facilities Management

included to continuously maintain and

assess Performance and Life of

Built Environment

- Lifecycle Tracking

Strategy for Sustainable Development

Technologies for Building Materials to be :

• Environment Friendly

• Ecologically Appropriate

• Energy Saving

• Economical in Cost

Utilisation of Agricultural and Industrial Wastes

• Waste to Wealth

• Refuse to Resource

• Trash to Cash

Alternates to timber substitutes and use of otherwise

polluting wastes through value addition

Item Source Application in Building Material

Fly-ash Thermal power stations Portland pozzolana cement, bricks, lime

pozzolana mixture, lightweight aggregate,

cellular concrete

Phospho-

gypsum

Hydro-fluoric/

phosphoric acid,

Amm.Phosphate

Fertiliser Plants

Gypsum plaster, fibrous gypsum boards and

blocks, cement clinker, as a solid retarder

and for making super sulfate cement

Red mud Aluminium extraction

plant

Building bricks and tiles, light-weight

structural blocks, roofing sheets and as

additive to concrete

Blast furnace

slag

Steel plants Portland blast furnace slag cement, super

sulfate cement, as an aggregate in concrete,

as substitute for sand, Light weight concrete

Limestone

waste

Limestone quarry Masonry cement and activated lime

pozzolana mixture

Lime sludge Sugar, ferti-lizer, calcium

carbide paper, acetylene

Portland cement, masonry cement, sand

lime bricks, building lime pozzolana mixture

Utilisation of Industrial Wastes

Utilisation of Industrial Wastes

Item Source Application in Building Material

Rice husk Rice mills As fuel and in production of rice

husk binder, fibrous building

panels, bricks

Bagasse Sugar Industries Manufacture of insulation boards,

wall panels, etc

Banana leaves/

stalk

Banana plants Building boards, fire resistant

fibre board

Coconut husk Coir fibre Industry Building boards, roofing sheets,

insulation boards, building panels,

as a lightweight aggregate

Groundnut Shell Groundnut oil mills Building panels, building blocks,

chip boards, roofing sheets,

particle boards

Jute Stick Jute Industry Chip boards, roofing sheet

Cinder Thermal power stations/

railways

Lime cinder mortar, concrete

building blocks, bricks from black

cotton soil

Construction Systems in India

• Vernacular systems

• Based on local materials & skills

• Refined over centuries

• Calls for fair degree of maintenance & varying

degree of durability

• Conventional systems

• Based on mass produced items having pre-

determined properties

• Modern civil engineering practice

• Lesser maintenance & long durability

22VS

Construction Systems in India

• Industrialized systems

• Based on factory produced components

(partial/total)

• Less labour intensive

• High performance specifications

• Alternative systems

• Middle of the road approach

• Acknowledges local materials and skills

• Rationalises use to suit specific needs

• Adopts rational engineering practices

• Cost effective and eco-friendly 23VS

Appropriate, Intermediate, Cost Effective, Disaster Resistant and

Sustainable Technologies

Traditional

(Vernacular/ Local

Mud, Stone, Lime,

Bamboo, Timber,

Bio-mass)

Technological

(Steel, Cement, Bricks,

Concrete, Metal,

Glass, Plastics,

Aluminium)

Professionals

Architects

Engineers

Builders

0

100

People

Artisans

100

0

Rural

(Village)

Urban

(Big City)Semi Urban

(Small Town)

Bottom

Up

Top

Down

24VS

Alternative Systems

• Foundations

• Walls

• Roofs / slabs

• Door frames and panels

• Finishes

Many alternate options for materials and methods of

construction have emerged with savings ranging

from 10 to 40% against conventional options

Cost Effective Technologies –Rat Trap Bond

• Saves about 15% in bricks & 54% in cement mortar.

• 3/4th the dead weight of English bond wall of equivalent surface area.

• Validated by Building TechnologyCentre, Anna University, Chennai

• Takes the same load as English bondwhile stress at failure is higher in rat-trap bond.

26VSVS

Alternative Systems : Roofs

• 120 mm thick reinforced concrete slab

• 120 mm thick brick filler slab

• Brick jack arches over RCC joists

• Brick funicular shells with RCC joists

• Precast RCC cored unit

• Precast RCC channel unit

• Partially Precast RCC joists and planks system

• Partially Precast RCC/brick joists and brick panels

• Precast RV curved panels

• RCC joists and sand stone patties

• Ferrocement channel roofing 30VS

Cost Effective Technologies –RCC Filler Slab Roofing

• Cheaper Filler materials are used for replacing costly concrete in tension

zones

• Mangalore pattern tiles, pot tiles, Rejected clay plates, coconut shells, mud pot covers, bricks, etc as fillers

• Plastering of the ceilings could be avoided achieving further cost reduction.

32VS

Ferrocement Roofing

Channels

Suitable for earthquake/cyclone prone areas

Raw Material Status Joint Developer

Welded wire mesh, chicken mesh,

cement, sand, fine aggregate, steel

bars (8 to 12 mm dia) depending

upon the span (upton 6.1 mtrs.)

Product is being produced at

several Building Centres.

BMTPC is taking up with BIS to

prepare the Indian Standards

Development

Alternatives, New Delhi

35

Precast Reinforced/ Prestressed

Concrete Ribbed/Cored Slab Units

for Floors/Roofs

Developed by Working specification by BMTPC

including manufacturing method

National standard framed

CBRI, Roorkee CT 07 IS 10297: 1982

36VS

Micro Concrete Roofing

Tiles


Cement, sand, Fine

Aggregate

Around 200 entrepreneurs

are producing MCR tiles.

Indian Standard is under

preparation.

Development Alternatives,

New Delhi

37

Alternative Systems : Door Frames & Panels

Door Frames

• Wooden frame

• Mild steel sections

• Pressed steel sections

• RCC frames with wooden inserts

• Pivot system

• Embedded wood pieces as frame

Panels

• Particle board inserts in wooden doors

• Ferrocement door panels

• MDF board door panel

• Cement bonded particle board door38

Cost Effective Technologies –

RCC Joinery Frames

• Precast RCC Door / Window Frames are cheaper than any timber frames.

39VS

RCC Doors and Window

Frame

Developed by Working specification by BMTPC

including manufacturing method


CBRI, Roorkee BC 04 IS 6523:1983

40VS

Fibrous Gypsum

Plaster Board

Working specification by BMTPC including

manufacturing method


BM 06 IS 8272:1994

41VS

Rubber wood Flush Door

Shutters


Rubberwood, Phenol

formaldehyde resin(Use of rubber-wood for 1st time in India as

building material)

Product also tested and

approved by CPWD

Jambhekar Management

Consultant Pvt.Ltd., Thane

42VS

Bamboo Mat Corrugated

Roofing Sheets


Bamboo mat, Phenol formaldehyde

resin, Polyurethane coating

A Pilot Production Unit for

manufacture of sheets has been

set up in Meghalaya with

production capacity of 3000

sheets per month.

Indian Plywood Industries

Research & Training Institute,

Bangalore

43VS

Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer

doors and door frames


Glass fibre, Phenol formaldehyde

resin, secondary species of timber

Technology transferred to 40

entrepreneurs in the country

jointly by NSIC, RV-TIFAC and

BMTPC. Plan to have more 100

units in next 2 years.

RV TIFAC Composite Design

Centre, Bangalore

44VS

Alternative Systems : Miscellaneous

• RCC lintels and lintel cum chajjas

• Precast thin lintels and lintel cum chajjas

• Arches

• Corbelled openings

• Sand stone slabs

• Ferrocement precast staircase steps

• Ferrocement shelves

• Ferrocement panels

• Precast ferrocement tanks and drains 45

Cost Effective Technologies-

ARCH• Arches are age-old, time

tested systems.

• Compression structures.

• Use local skills & materials

• Elegant & cost much less

than RCC lintels

46VS


VAULTAuroville Visitors Centre

Guna Tile Roofing, Wardha

47VS

• Made by widening and leaving openings in vertical joints

• Provides aesthetic patterns and ventilation holes

• Cost savings by substituting for window openings


JALLIES

48VS

Ferrocement Applications

Ferrocement Truss Ferrocement Racks

Book Racks

Shelves

49VS

Innovation in Concrete as

Construction Material

High Performance Concrete

Self–compacting Concrete (SCC)

High Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFA)

High Performance Lightweight Concrete

Self–curing, Shrinkage-free concrete

The Use of Mineral Admixtures

Condensed Silica Fume (CSF)

Durability Enhancing Products

Hydrophobic Concrete Waterproofing System

Innovations in New Construction Materials

Recycled Aggregates

Lightweight Aggregates

Corrosion Inhibitors for Reinforcement

Advanced Composite Reinforcement

Application of Nano Technology

Innovative form work Systems

As against conventional timber / bamboo options for

scaffolding and form work use:

• Doka

• PERI

• RECKLI

• Destil

• Meva

• Cometal

• Destil

• Paschal

• Mivan

Use of Equipments and Machineries

Use of FRACO Climbing Platforms – for external

plastering, painting, tiling, glassing

Rope suspended Cradle / Platforms

Wall Plaster Machine

Prefabricated Construction

For massive needs in housing and building construction opt

for prefabricated construction systems with:

• Production at controlled environment

• Assured Quality

• Timely completion (30 – 40% time saving)

• Less dependence on large labour force

• Large working period – even during monsoon

• Scaffolding and form work cost elimination

Global Housing Technology Challenge – India

Year of Construction Technology – 2019-2020

Promoting Safer

Buildings/ConstructionTo ensure massive financial resource investments for

housing and other public asset buildings and infrastructure

are safe, strong, durable and perform well during their life

cycle you need to protect against:

Floods Cyclones/Typhoons

Earthquakes

Land slides Sea erosion /Tsunamis

VS 58

Imperatives for Safer Disaster Resistant /

Protected Building / Housing

• Only one person died (that too by heart attack) in the earthquakeat Seattle in Feb. 2001 whereas in the Gujarat earthquake ofJanuary 2001 of the same intensity 13,000 died and over 0.8million houses damaged partly or fully.

• The existing building regulatory media operated by the cityplanners and city engineers/ building officials are normally silent/ deficient with respect to provisions of disaster resistantconstruction features

• Many countries have very comprehensive national building codeor national standards/ codes for earthquake resistant/ cycloneresistant design and construction practices which arerecommendatory and do not have the mandatory status for localapplication.

VS

Imperatives for Promoting Safer Buildings/

Construction

• With a view to ensure that the massive financial resource

investments for housing and other public asset buildings and

infrastructure are safe, strong, durable and perform well

during life cycle, it is essential that these are:

– Flood protected

– Cyclone / typhoon resistant

– Earth Quake resistant

– Land slide protected

– Sea erosion and tsunami protected

59

Prediction, Preparedness, Prevention, Planning, ProtectionPromotion, Publicity,

Participation & Partnership

for Pre-Disaster Mitigation

AS AGAINST

Post -Disaster initiatives for

Rescue, Recovery, Relief, Rehabilitation,

Reconstruction, Repair,

Renewal & Retrofitting

Emerging Shift in Focus

$1 million spent in pre-disaster

planning, strengthening and

retro-fitting initiatives can save over

$10 million in post disaster

reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts

Pre-disaster Risk Mitigation

and Impact

Promoting Safer Affordable

Building Construction

Three critical elements for action areas to promote

safer building construction are in creating:

Awareness

Appreciation

Application

Thrust Areas

EDUCATION

ENGINEERING

ENFORCEMENT

Thrust Areas

• EDUCATION– Creating awareness among general public

use of audio-visual media [Demand Side]

– Awareness among students of technical institutions Upgradation of curricula [Supply side]

– Capacity building of the concerned agencies/ administrators

– To reform the building and infrastructure delivery system, it is essential to provide training for the contractors, supervisors and master masons and workers in disaster resistant construction

ENGINEERING

Appropriate technologies that are cost

effective, environment friendly, ecologically

appropriate, energy saving, locally relevant &

DISASTER RESISTANT to be incorporated

in construction practices

Thrust Areas

Thrust Areas

ENFORCEMENT

• The existing building regulatory media operated by the city planners and city engineers/ building officials are normally silent / deficient with respect to provisions of disaster resistant construction features

• Many countries have very comprehensive national building code or national standards/ codes for earthquake resistant/ cyclone resistant design and construction practices which are recommendatory and do not have the mandatory status for local application.

67

Sustainable Built Environment

Housing

and

Green Building path……..

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

• IGBC formed by CII in 2001

– CII - Apex Indian industry association

formed in 1895

• Vision of IGBC

– Enable „sustainable built environment for

all‟

– India to be one of the global leaders in

sustainable built environment by 2025

Green Building Movement in India

In 2001, 1 Green Building

20,000 sq.ft. (5000+ Green Projects)

6.76 Billion sq.ft

India stands 2nd in the World

Commercial Health & Wellbeing Built Environment

Residential Education

IGBC Green New

Buildings

IGBC Green

Existing Buildings

IGBC Green

Interiors

IGBC Green

Campus

IGBC Green Data

Centres

IGBC Green

Healthcare Facilities

Rating

IGBC Wellbeing

Rating

IGBC Green Homes

IGBC Green

Residential Society

IGBC Green

Affordable Housing

Transit

IGBC Green Metro

Stations

IGBC Green

Existing Metros

IGBC Green Railway

Stations

IGBC Green

Schools

IGBC Green Cities

IGBC Green Villages

IGBC Green

Township

IGBC Green

Landscape

Industrial

IGBC Green

Factories

IGBC Green SEZ

IGBC Green Rating Systems

* Under DevelopmentOnly Green Building Council in the World to have 25 Different Ratings

Green Building Statistics of India

25,50,000+Dwelling Units

250+Green Factories

1,600+Green Offices

45+ Green

Townships

8 Green

Cities

13 Green

Villages

335+ Green

Transit

IGBC - Founding Member of World Green Building Council (WGBC) since 2004

IGBC Aspires to be Numero Uno by 2022By Creating Green Building Foot Print of

10 Billion Sq.ft.

Rediscovery of the Indian ethos

5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)

Prithvi (Earth) Site Selection and Planning

Jal (Water) Water Conservation

Agni (Fire) Energy Efficiency

Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality

Akash (Sky) Daylight, Night Sky Pollution

DaylightingViewsWater Body Local materials

75

Energy Efficient Design and Processes

• Include Climate Responsive Design practises

• Identifying minimum levels of Energy Consumptions

• Reducing dependence on Fossil Fuel Economy

• Increased component of renewable in annual power

consumption (Solar, Wind and Bio Mass)

• Energy Costing shall include life cycle costing with

tangible and non tangible benefits

• Reduce Embodied and Operational Energy

• Attempt 40 to 50% reduction in Energy Costs

Sun Path Analysis, Shadow Analysis- Samples

Solar Passive Design

Design to improve Energy Performance within the

building

• Single Glazed units fixed on Internal Wall with 4 side boxing.

• WWR ratio restricted between 40 – 60% for optimizing day

lighting while reducing heat gain – 46%

• Improved Day light factor 75% of plan area

• Gypsum Vermiculite plaster with more than 5% Vermiculite

• Reduction in Heat Island effect by podium Landscaping,

Paver blocks etc.

Improving Energy Performance

• Double wall with air cavity to achieve thermal comfort.

• Roof Slab with China mosaic and over deck insulation

to reduce heat gain from roof.

• Large windows for maximized day lighting


building

Heat Load Reduction

• Energy Efficient Lighting – Common areas with LEDs

• Energy metering

• Energy Charging points to promote electrical vehicles

• Optimized HVAC systems (100 sft/TR to 800 sft/TR)

• Min BEE 4 star rated Fixtures and appliances

• Tenant Guidelines to incorporate green requirements

Thermal comfort conditions are met for almost 90% of time throughout the

year through passive design feature, by achieving 35 % of Energy savings

Energy Efficient Fixtures and Appliances


building

First Step… Beginning of Sustainable Initiatives.

– Solar water systems for all facilities

Use of Renewable Source

Array of Solar Street Lights

Attempt

10%

Renewable

Energy

+

Integrated

Photo-

Voltaics

82

Integrated Water Management

• Include Existing Traditional practises/ water features

• Identifying minimum levels of Water Consumptions

• Integrated and sustainable water management

• Zero Discharge or Net Water Positive projects

• Water conserving adoptable features

• Site specific Rain Water management

Sustainable Water Management

• No Anthropogenic Discharge : Sewage Treated Water

Recycling and reusing

• Use of Low Flow Water Fixtures

• Roof top rain water harvesting and Aquifer Recharge

• With 45% potable water savings

• Flushing system to reuse water from STP

• Landscaping with 75 % native species to reduce water

demand

State of the Art Water Treatment Plant

Sustainable Water Management

Waste Water Treatment and Recycling Plant

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Treatment - New Water?

No damage to existing

water bodies..

…also efforts to rejuvenate

water bodies..

Conserve Water Bodies

Waste Management – Construction and Occupancy

• Use of local crushed sand instead of river sand

• Proper segregation of waste at source for recycling

• Solid waste

• Reinforcement, empty bags, wood, cartons- waste

• Bio degradable waste

• Other non bio degradable Waste

• Bio medical Waste.

• e-Waste

• Construction / Demolition Waste

Integrated Waste Management

Prefab Homes - Karnataka State Police Housing, built in 17 days!

Affordable Housing

89

IGBC Gold Rated GREEN HOMES

Hiranandani Parks, Chennai

Tata Housing – Inora Park, Pune

Raheja Vista, Hyderabad

GPRA MoUD Township, New Delhi - zero waste facility

Godrej Frontier, Manesar - Gurugram

KGEYES Eternity, Chennai

Akshaya Orbit, Coimbatore

Road Blocks

Not in Specifications of Works

Not in SOR

Less Capability and Constructability among

Constructors

Lack of Trained certified Construction

Workforce

Change in “Mindscape” for change in

“Landscape for adopting change and new

innovations

Technology Transfer Through Building Centres / Housing Support Centres

• The “Building Centre Movement” for

Network of Building Centres to expanded

strengthened.

• Primarily to take Technologies to the

Door Step of the people.

• Contribute to Sustainable Cost Effective

and Disaster Resistant Building

Construction.

Skilling India

* Technology Transfer from “lab to land”

* Skill upgradation and training to the constructionworkers at various levels – Skilling 50 millionConstruction workers under Skill India initiative

* Giving the necessary housing guidance,information and counselling on the proveninnovative, environment friendly, and yet costeffective building materials and technology options

VS

Integrated Green Township

99

Towards

Sustainable,

Affordable,

Green

Habitat….

Thank you for your kind attention

building sustainable, affordable housing communities ......vs building sustainable, affordable...

Documents