building technology i 1. waterproofing & dampproofing 1.01 waterproofing of concrete 2....

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BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofi ng of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01 Types of Joint Sealants

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Page 1: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I1. WATERPROOFING &

DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 2: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

A mortar or concrete is considered impermeable when it does not permit passage or flow of water through its pores or voids.

The absorption of a mortar or concrete is the property of drawing in or engrossing water into its pores or voids by capillary action or otherwise.

If the pores or voids between particles are sufficiently large and connected from surface to surface of the wall, the concrete will be permeable to water.

If the pores or voids are very minute, but connect with one another, theoretically they may act as capillary tubes, but the capillary forces will tend to hold the water and prevent the passage of water.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

Page 3: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

a. Impermeability through a Dense Concrete Accurate grading and proportioning of the concrete materials in order to secure a concrete so dense as to be waterproof.

b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes Applying waterproof coatings or washes to the concrete after it is on place.

c. Integral Waterproofing CompoundsMixing foreign substances with the concrete.

d. Membrane WaterproofingSurrounding the concrete with layers of waterproofing materials.

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

The various methods of waterproofing concrete may be classified as follows :

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 4: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

a. Impermeability through a Dense Concrete

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

Portland cement mortar and concrete can be made practically waterproof or impermeable without the use of any integral waterproofing materials; but in order to obtain such impermeable concrete or mortar considerable care should be exercised in selecting good materials :

• Well-graded sands containing considerable graded fine material are preferable for making impermeable concrete, or fine material in the form of hydrated lime, finely ground clay, or an additional quantity of cement will be of value.

• The consistency of the concrete mixture should be wet enough so that it can be puddled, mixture should be well spaded against the forms to avoid the formation of pockets on the surface.

• Care should be taken not to over trowel which may cause erasing the coating will be effective.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 5: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

• Defective workmanship, resulting from improper proportioning, lack of thorough mixing, separation of the coarse aggregate from fine aggregate in transporting and placing the mixed concrete, lack of density through insufficient tamping or spading, improper bonding of work joints .

• The use of imperfectly sized and graded aggregates.

• The use of excessive water, causing shrinkage cracks and formation of laitance-seams .

• The lack of proper provision to take care of expansion and contraction, causing subsequent cracking .

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

Permeable concrete results from :

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 6: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

Alum and soap mixtures applied in alternate mixtures (known as the Sylvester process), which penetrates the pores of the concrete forming insoluble compounds due to chemical action between the alum and soap solutions, and these compounds prevents percolation.

- use in proportions of ¾ gal. of soap to 1 gal. of water, and 2oz. of alum to 1 gal. of water, both substances to be perfectly dissolved in water before using.

- should be applied with a soft, flat brush (one for each solution), the soap boiling hot and the alum solution at 60 to 70F.

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes

The materials employed as surface coatings may be classified as follows :

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 7: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

Alum, lye and cement washes .

Cement grout, with or without the addition of water-repellants.

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes

Paraffin and other mineral bases, applied cold in solution or prepared in melted.

Miscellaneous materials of unknown composition sold under various trade names.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 8: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

Specially prepared bituminous products, e.g., “FLINT-KOTE”, “JOHN-MANSVILLE”, etc

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes

Asphalt emulsions - Generally called Asphalt Base Clay Emulsions, minute asphalt particles dispersed in water and maintained in suspension (until applied) by a mineral colloid emulsifying agent. When the water vehicle evaporates, resilient reinforced weatherproof film remains which resist the passage of free water but allows movement of water vapor through the film and are classed as breathing films.

Cutback Asphalts - composed of a variety of products from thin liquids to heavy paste, often one or more asphalts dissolved in solvent are filled with minerals and fibers to meet requirements of different coating uses and provide tough, durable films resistant to the passage of water vapor.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 9: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

c. Integral Waterproofing Compounds

These are manufactured and sold under various trade names, and are available in powder or liquid form, e.g.:

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

“SAHARA”“POZOLITH”“AQUELLA”Truscon “ZILICON”“ANTI-HYDRO”

The addition of the integral waterproofing compounds will not, however, compensate for lean mixtures, nor for poor materials, nor for poor workmanship in the fabrication of concrete

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 10: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

d. Membrane Waterproofing

Layers of waterproofing materials used in this method range from ordinary tar paper laid with coal-tar pitch to asbestos or asphalted felt laid in asphalt.

1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE

1. WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 11: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

a. Sheet Metal Roofing

2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

2. PREFORMED ROOFING

• Galvanized Iron Roofing – various corrugations and rib sections.

• Aluminum Roofing – various corrugation and rib sections

b. Plastic Roofing

• Plastic – various corrugation and rib sections• Polycarbonate – corrugated and flat sheets

c. Tile Roofing

• Clay• Concrete

d. Shingles

• Wood• Tar

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 12: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

a. Sheet Metal Roofing

2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

2. PREFORMED ROOFING

• Galvanized Iron Roofing

Corrugated galvanized iron sheets are manufactured in lengths of 5 to 12 ft. in 1 ft. increments, the 8 ft length being the most commonly used.

Width of sheets is 32”. Each sheet has 10 corrugations with a pitch of 3”.

For roofing, Ga. 26 is generally specified, Ga. 24 is preferred.

Galvanized iron sheets are also sometimes used as siding for industrial buildings. When used as siding, courses shall be lapped at least 6”.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 13: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

a. Sheet Metal Roofing

2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

2. PREFORMED ROOFING

• Aluminum Roofing

Corrugated aluminum is rigidized sheet fabricated of special aluminum alloys specifically developed for this purpose.

Has a high insulating value and is about one-sixth lighter than similar materials.

Is silvery in color, strong and does not stain adjoining materials.

It reacts, however, with dissimilar materials, lead-base paints green or damp wood, certain wood preservatives, lime mortar, concrete, and other masonry materials and must be insulated from contact with these materials .

Width of sheets are 32-5/8”, 32”, 31-1/2”, 31-1/8”, and 30-5/8”; lengths are from 6 to 12 ft. in 1 ft. increments. Number of corrugations for 32” sheets and wider is 12; sheets of narrower width have 10 corrugations.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete1.02 Vapor

Barriers1.03 Sawing Methods

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 14: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

b. Plastic Roofing

2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

2. PREFORMED ROOFING

• Corrugated or Ribbed Roofing

Corrugated sheets are manufactured in in same widths and lengths as Metal Sheet Roofing.

Metal reinforced plastic roofing is available. Ideally used in sites of high salinity levels.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete1.02 Vapor

Barriers1.03 Sawing Methods

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

• Sheet Roofing

Polycarbonate Sheets. Ideally used in greenhouses, patios, outdoor

sheds, and skylights.

Page 15: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

c. Tile Roofing

2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

2. PREFORMED ROOFING

• Clay Tiles

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete1.02 Vapor

Barriers1.03 Sawing Methods

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants • Concrete Tiles

Page 16: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

d. Shingles

2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

2. PREFORMED ROOFING

• Wood Shingles

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete1.02 Vapor

Barriers1.03 Sawing Methods

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

• Tar/Asphalt Shingles

Page 17: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

is a black substance available in solid, semi-solid, or liquid states at normal temperatures.

composed of mixed indeterminate hydrocarbons, appreciably soluble only in carbon disulfide or other volatile liquid hydrocarbon.

used for sealing built-up roofing, and joints and cracks of concrete pavements.

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete1.02 Vapor

Barriers1.03 Sawing Methods

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

a. Bituminuous Cement

3.01 TYPES OF JOINT SEALANTS

3. JOINT SEALANTS

Page 18: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

b. Silicone Sealant

3.01 TYPES OF JOINT SEALANTS

3. JOINT SEALANTS1. WATERPROOFING &

DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete1.02 Vapor

Barriers1.03 Sawing Methods

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants

Page 19: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I 1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING 1.01 Waterproofing of Concrete 2. PREFORMED ROOFING 2.01 Types of Roofing 3. JOINT SEALANTS 3.01

End of Div 07 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

1. WATERPROOFING & DAMPPROOFING1.01 Waterproofing

of Concrete

2. PREFORMED ROOFING2.01 Types of Roofing

3. JOINT SEALANTS3.01 Types of Joint

Sealants