Building up to WWIIBuilding up to WWII

1920s1920s

►Worldwide depressionWorldwide depression – period of – period of rising unemployment and low rising unemployment and low economic activityeconomic activity

Totalitarianism Totalitarianism

►Rising dictators claimed that they Rising dictators claimed that they could solve the problems of the could solve the problems of the depression by setting up depression by setting up totalitarian totalitarian government – government – absolute power, the absolute power, the state controls every area of life state controls every area of life

Video!!Video!!►http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsG

dCkKoM5s&safe=active

ItalyItaly

► Economic unrest after WWI – Economic unrest after WWI – strikes/ fear of Communists taking strikes/ fear of Communists taking overover

► Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini – first person to – first person to set up a totalitarian government set up a totalitarian government

► used Treaty of Versailles and used Treaty of Versailles and Italy’s economic problems to gain Italy’s economic problems to gain powerpower

► Founded the Founded the Fascist party Fascist party using using the fears of the middle classthe fears of the middle class

Rise of Fascism Rise of Fascism

► Totalitarian government that is not Totalitarian government that is not CommunistCommunist

► Leader = Leader = dictator – dictator – has complete control has complete control over governmentover government

► State is more important than individuals = State is more important than individuals = strong central government that controls:strong central government that controls:

1.1. EconomyEconomy2.2. How owners run business and landHow owners run business and land3.3. Mass media (newspapers, radios, movies – Mass media (newspapers, radios, movies –

censored)censored)4.4. Propaganda – used to brainwash people into Propaganda – used to brainwash people into

believing what gov. saysbelieving what gov. says

Soviet UnionSoviet Union

►Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin came to power in late came to power in late 1920s1920s

►Wanted the Soviet Union to become an Wanted the Soviet Union to become an industrial nationindustrial nation

►Focused industry on making steel, Focused industry on making steel, machines, weapons, farm and machines, weapons, farm and transportation equipmenttransportation equipment

Stalin’s purges to promote Stalin’s purges to promote Communism Communism

►Ended private ownership, set quotas Ended private ownership, set quotas for productionfor production

►Peasants rebelled – Stalin used force Peasants rebelled – Stalin used force to end resistance – sent them to labor to end resistance – sent them to labor camps = famine followedcamps = famine followed

►Arrested those who disagreed with him Arrested those who disagreed with him – tried and sentenced to death– tried and sentenced to death

Soviet SocietySoviet Society

►Used propaganda to Used propaganda to promote the Soviet promote the Soviet Union and encourage Union and encourage people to work people to work harder/produce moreharder/produce more

►Encouraged nationalism Encouraged nationalism and suspicion of western and suspicion of western countriescountries

►Eliminated religion Eliminated religion "To have more, we must produce more. To produce more, we must know more”

Hitler and Nazi GermanyHitler and Nazi Germany

► Conditions were ideal for Hitler to take over Conditions were ideal for Hitler to take over Germany – Germans were angered by their Germany – Germans were angered by their treatment at the Paris Peace Conference treatment at the Paris Peace Conference

► Hitler joined the Hitler joined the Nazi PartyNazi Party and set out to and set out to make them the most powerful political make them the most powerful political party in Germanyparty in Germany

► Hitler appealed to:Hitler appealed to:1.1. nationalists: promised to stop Germany’s nationalists: promised to stop Germany’s

payment for WWI payment for WWI 2.2. business leaders, and landowners: business leaders, and landowners:

promised security from Communism promised security from Communism

Hitler’s rise to powerHitler’s rise to power

► 1933 – Hitler became chancellor because 1933 – Hitler became chancellor because Nazis won majority of seats in the Nazis won majority of seats in the German Parliament (German Parliament (Reichstag)

► He acted quickly to keep his power – had He acted quickly to keep his power – had Parliament suspend constitution = he no Parliament suspend constitution = he no longer needed legislation to make lawslonger needed legislation to make laws

► Became dictator – Der Fuhrer (the leader)Became dictator – Der Fuhrer (the leader)

The Nazi GovernmentThe Nazi Government

► Only political party allowed = Nazi (no challengers)Only political party allowed = Nazi (no challengers)► Labor Unions bannedLabor Unions banned► Used terror and propaganda to keep controlUsed terror and propaganda to keep control► Gestapo = secret policeGestapo = secret police► Anyone who opposed – sent to Anyone who opposed – sent to concentration concentration

campcamp – type of prison camp – type of prison camp► Government set up massive work projects to Government set up massive work projects to

employ peopleemploy people► New Empire = New Empire = Third ReichThird Reich► Video!! How did Hitler do all of this??Video!! How did Hitler do all of this??http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af44Slin7lg&playnext=1&list=PLE8B3A617C9716740&feature=results_main&safe=active

Anti- SemitismAnti- Semitism

►prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to against Jews for reasons connected to their heritagetheir heritage

►Hitler developed a theory that Hitler developed a theory that Germans descended from an Germans descended from an Aryan Aryan racerace – master race = Jews in Germany – master race = Jews in Germany endangered purity of that raceendangered purity of that race

►Also blamed Jews for most of Also blamed Jews for most of Germany’s problemsGermany’s problems

Anti-Semite GoalsAnti-Semite Goals

► Drive all Jews out of GermanyDrive all Jews out of Germany► Lead to Lead to genocide genocide – murder of all members of an – murder of all members of an

ethnic groupethnic group► 1935 – 1935 – Nuremberg Laws Nuremberg Laws - stripped German Jews - stripped German Jews

of citizenship, forced them to wear yellow starsof citizenship, forced them to wear yellow stars► November 9, 1938 – November 9, 1938 – Kristallnacht Kristallnacht (Night of Broken (Night of Broken

Glass) Nazis used violence of a Jew against a Glass) Nazis used violence of a Jew against a German to attack Jewish people – 100 Jews German to attack Jewish people – 100 Jews murdered, 30,000 sent to campsmurdered, 30,000 sent to camps

Video!!Video!!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z01WmCcpZ0Q&safe=active

Trouble with JapanTrouble with Japan

► Emperor ruled Japan, but military leaders Emperor ruled Japan, but military leaders made most of the decisions made most of the decisions

► Lacked many necessary natural resources Lacked many necessary natural resources and markets for goods – Government and markets for goods – Government expanded into Asia to get control of expanded into Asia to get control of resources and sell its goodsresources and sell its goods

► 1931 – took control of 1931 – took control of ManchuriaManchuria► by 1937, Japan and China were fighting a by 1937, Japan and China were fighting a

full scale warfull scale war Video!!Video!!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYGsdC7Sg38&safe=active

Intro to WWIIIntro to WWII

Video!!Video!!►http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7

8COTwT7nE&safe=active

Germany on the marchGermany on the march

► Hitler ignored the Hitler ignored the Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles and defied the League and defied the League of Nationsof Nations

1.1. Created air force and Created air force and expanded armyexpanded army

2.2. Sent a German army Sent a German army into the into the RhinelandRhineland (zone along Germany’s (zone along Germany’s border that they were border that they were not allowed to enter)not allowed to enter)

► League did nothingLeague did nothing

Looking the other way…Looking the other way…

►France and GB protested Hitler France and GB protested Hitler rearming the Rhinelandrearming the Rhineland

►France wanted to fight, but GB would France wanted to fight, but GB would not help – this was the beginning of not help – this was the beginning of Great Britain’s policy of Great Britain’s policy of appeasement appeasement – giving in to the – giving in to the demands of a hostile person or group demands of a hostile person or group the keep the peacethe keep the peace

Expansion of GermanyExpansion of Germany

► Hitler sent in troops in Hitler sent in troops in to Austria – proclaimed to Austria – proclaimed it a part of Germanyit a part of Germany

► Next on his list was Next on his list was Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia (created by the Treaty (created by the Treaty of Versailles)of Versailles)

► Sudetenland = Sudetenland = German region of German region of Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference

► 1938 – British and French 1938 – British and French met with Hitler – again met with Hitler – again gave in to him and agreed gave in to him and agreed that Hitler could take that Hitler could take control of the Sudetenland control of the Sudetenland

► In return – Hitler promised In return – Hitler promised not to take any more of not to take any more of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

► Following spring, he went Following spring, he went back on his promise… back on his promise… surprise, surprise surprise, surprise

WAR!WAR!

► September 1939 September 1939 – Germany – Germany invades Polandinvades Poland

► Great Britain and Great Britain and France declare France declare war on Germanywar on Germany

Video!!Video!!

http://http://www.youtube.cowww.youtube.com/watch?m/watch?v=5Y9NexpibEov=5Y9NexpibEo

What about the US?What about the US?

►IsolationismIsolationism – the belief that US – the belief that US should stay out of Europe’s problemsshould stay out of Europe’s problems

Video!!Video!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=668zH17NP8w&safe=activev=668zH17NP8w&safe=active

FDR: “Let no one imagine that we will escape…that this western hemisphere will not be attacked”—outraged many isolationists

Hitler Moves in EuropeHitler Moves in Europe►April 1940- Hitler seizes

Norway, Denmark►May- Netherlands,

Belgium, Luxembourg►June - Hitler controls

France and turns attention to Britain

►Fall 1940- Battle of Britain - London heavily bombed but Churchill remains defiant

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

Soviets Jump ShipSoviets Jump Ship

►1941 – Hitler invades 1941 – Hitler invades Soviet Union Soviet Union

►Severe Russian winter Severe Russian winter stopped the Germansstopped the Germans

►Naturally, Stalin didn’t Naturally, Stalin didn’t want to be friends want to be friends anymoreanymore

►Japan wanted to extend Japan wanted to extend influence in Far Eastinfluence in Far East

►July 1940: U.S. embargo July 1940: U.S. embargo (restriction) of raw (restriction) of raw materials to Japanmaterials to Japan

►December 7, 1941: Japan December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Hawaii

USS Arizona Memorial

United States and Japan

Pearl Harbor attack scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxIsVYdB0lA

US Declares War

► “December 7, 1941, a day which will live in infamy”

FDR’s address:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE

** Italy also declared war

Nations at War

Axis Powers:► Germany► Italy► Japan

Grand Alliance► United States► Great Britain► France► China► Soviet Union

The Plan of the Grand Alliance

► Defeat Hitler first, then Mussolini1. Invaded N. Africa and defeated German forces2. Invaded Sicily and mainland Italy – Italy surrendered

in May 1945 – Mussolini executed3. June 6, 1944 – Allies invaded the beaches of France – 4. D-Day – broke the German lines and pushed them

eastVideos!!http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=bO6jGFBUuLs&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=PD9_NwY36fE&safe=active

War Coming to an End

► by April 1945 the German army was being squeezed btw. the Allies in the West and the Soviets in the East

►Hitler committed suicide►Germany surrendered in May, war in

Europe was over – V-E Day

War in the Pacific

► Although the allies decided to defeat Hitler first, they did not stop fighting in the Pacific

► Two prong (branch) strategy:1. Land forces under the command of

General Douglas MacArthur2. Naval forces

► Major victories:1. Battle of the Coral Sea2. Battle of Midway (turning point in the war in the

Pacific)

War in the Pacific

►Allies continued to push Japanese back►Civilian leaders and emperor were

ready to end the war, but military leaders would not back down

General Tojo

Japanese Internment Camps in the United States

►Reading passageVideo!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=SPi0Aqx_kyw&safe=active

The Atomic Bomb

►FDR died in April, 1945►Harry Truman was sword in as President

of the US and learned of the atomic bomb

►FDR established a top secret project in 1941 to develop an atom bomb – The Manhattan Project

►The damage of such a bomb would be horrendous

Weighing the Costs

► The US knew the following:1. Attacking Japan would cause large

numbers of civilian and US soldier casualties (women and children were being trained to fight)

2. Invasion would be costly

Dropping the Atomic Bomb

► Summer 1945 - Allies offered again for Japan to surrender, they did not

► August 6 – US plane dropped an atom bomb on the city of Hiroshima- between 80,000 and 120,000 were killed, thousands more died because of burns and radiation poisoning

► Japanese still did not surrender

Second Bomb

►Second bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9 – 35,000 to 75,000 were killed

►Japan surrendered on August 14Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=gwkyPvlWPM0&safe=active

Lasting Effects ►Flash burns►Radiation exposure – led to cancer,

infertility, skin damage, death

Hiroshima before and after

Burn victim – her dress pattern was burned into her skin

Japan Remembers Today

Annual day of remembrance for the victims of the atomic bomb.

Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes

Read this blog to learn the story of Sadako Sasaki:http://nicolaeene.blogspot.com/p/home.html