Bully PreventionIn Positive Behavior

Intervention and Support

Assumptions

Schools that are interested in implementing Bully Prevention fall under the following criteria:

Universals implementation has begun.

Data indicates bullying should be addressed.

Today’s Goals Define why bullying is worth

addressing. Provide a comprehensive model for

bully prevention. Describe core elements of UNIVERSAL

level bully prevention. Demonstrate reduction in bullying and

improved perception of school safety through data.

Rationale for Bully Prevention

The National School Safety Center (NSSC) called bullying the most enduring and underrated problem in U.S. schools(Beale, 2001).

Nearly 30 percent of students have reported being involved in bullying as either a perpetrator or a victim (Nansel, et al., 2001; Swearer & Espelage, 2004).

Victims and perpetrators of bullying are more likely to skip and/or drop out of school (Berthold & Hoover, 2000; Neary & Joseph, 1994).

Victims and perpetrators of bullying are more likely to suffer from underachievement and sub-potential performance in employment settings (Carney & Merrell, 2001; NSSC, 1995).

Typical Bully Prevention

Most Bully Prevention programs focus on the bully and the victim. Which leads to several problems:

Bullying is inadvertently taught. Bullies are blamed. The role of bystanders are

ignored. Program results are ineffective

over time.

Bully Prevention in PBIS

School-wide Bully Prevention aligns with universal implementation:

All students learn behavior expectations.

All staff reinforce students demonstrating expectations.

All staff address students not demonstrating expectations.

Foundations of Bully Prevention

Bullying behavior occurs in many forms, and locations, but typically involves student-student interactions.

Bullying behavior is often reinforced by:

Attention from bystanders Reaction from victim Access to resources Self-reinforcement

Foundations of Bully Prevention

Two key changes lead to prevention of bullying behaviors:

Reinforcements that follow bullying are removed.

Staff and students effectively respond to bullying behavior.

Bullying Prevention Model

Teach School-Wide Expectations

Teach & Reinforce Stop, Talk, & Walk

Additional and more frequent

role play & practice

Bully &Victim

Individual Support

CONTINUUM OFPOSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION ANDSUPPORT

Teach All Students Teach school-wide expectations

Students should be able to recognize respectful verses non-respectful behavior.

Link concept of respect and responsibility to the most appropriate expectation.

Teach how bullying is reinforced Bullies gain attention. Bullies gain materials/activities.

Teach how to respond to non-respectful behavior

Say, “Stop.” Walk away. Talk (seek help).

Teaching “Stop” If someone is not being respectful

toward you, or someone else, tell them to “Stop!”

Because talking is hard in emotional situations… always include a physical signal to stop.

Review how the stop signal should look and sound.

Firm hand signal Clear voice

Responding to “Stop” Eventually, every student will be

told to stop. When this happens, he or she should follow these three steps:

Stop what you are doing. Take a deep breath. Go about your day (no big deal).

This three-step procedure should be followed even when the student doesn’t agree with the “stop.”

Teaching “Walk” Sometimes, even when students tell

others to “Stop,” problem behavior will continue. When this happens, students are to "walk away" from the problem behavior.

Remember that walking away removes the reinforcement for bullying.

Teach students to encourage one another when they use the appropriate response.

Teaching “Talk”

Even when students use “stop” and they “walk away” from the problem, sometimes students will continue to behave inappropriately toward them. When that happens, students should "talk" to an adult.

Report problems to adults.

Teaching “Talk”There is a difference between

tattling and talking. Talking is when you have tried to

solve the problem yourself, and have used the "stop" and "walk" steps first.

Tattling is when you do not use the "stop" and "walk away" steps before talking to an adult.

Tattling is when your goal is to get the other person in trouble.

Responding to “Talk”When any problem behavior is

reported, adults follow a specific response sequence:

Reinforce the student for reporting the problem behavior (i.e. "I'm glad you told me.").

Ask who, what, when and where. Ensure the student’s safety. Is the bullying still happening? Is the reporting child at risk?

Responding to “Talk” Is there fear of revenge? What does the student need to feel safe? What is the severity of the situation? "Did you tell the student to stop?" If yes,

praise the student for using an appropriate response. If no, practice.

"Did you walk away from the problem behavior?" If yes, praise student for using appropriate response. If no, practice.

Reinforcing “Stop/Walk/Talk” Effective generalization requires the

prompt reinforcement of appropriate behavior the FIRST time it is attempted.

Staff should look for students that use the 3-step response appropriately and reward.

Students that struggle with problem behavior (either as victim or perpetrator) are less likely to attempt new approaches.

These students need reinforcement for attempting to implement the strategies.

Practice “Stop/Walk/Talk”

Break into groups of four and designate roles. Roles are: Perpetrator, Victim, Bystander, &

Teacher. Role-play a typical scenario utilizing the

strategies. Brainstorm potential pitfalls and solutions.

Implementing Bully Prevention

Universals must be in place. Download Bully Prevention in

PBIS Manual. Elementary School Version Middle School Version

Plan to train all staff and students prior to implementing strategies.

PBIS Team Roles Takes the lead with implementation. Determines a school-wide “stop” signal. Develops schedule for student Bully Prevention

training (initial and follow-up). Plans ongoing support of supervisors and

teachers. Evaluates student outcome data (ODRs). Uses an implementation checklist. Follows up with faculty. Works with the district to maintain efforts.

Teacher Role Read manual. Deliver initial lessons and follow up

lessons. Practice with students. Report incidents. Respond to “Talk” as trained. Reinforce appropriate behavior. Give feedback to PBIS team.

Administrator Role Provide leadership for Bully

Prevention Model. Read manual. Practice with students. Check in with students and staff. Report incidences. Reinforce staff and student behavior!

Planning Guide

Implementation Checklist

Research Support Scott Ross of University of Oregon has

studied Bully Prevention at the elementary level.

Three elementary schools Two students at each school with

physical/social aggression at high rates

All staff taught with the Bully Prevention in PBIS manual

All students taught by staff All playground personnel received

implementation support

20

Baseline Acquisition Full BP-PBS Implementation

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts o

f Bul

lyin

g Be

havi

or

School Days

School 1

Rob

Bruce

Cindy

Scott

Anne

Ken

School 2

School 3

.881.883.14 72% Reduction

BP-PBS, Scott Ross 21

28% increase 19% decrease

BP-PBS, Scott Ross 22

21% increase

22% decrease

Summary Manual available on wiki. Establish school-wide expectations. Teach students how to respond to behavior that is

NOT respectful. Provide extra review and pre-correction for

students with more extensive need. Provide support for staff implementation fidelity. Collect and use data to improve implementation

and impact. Work with your team to determine next steps.

Work Cited Beale, A. V., & Scott, P. C. (2001, April). Bullybusters: Using drama to empower

students to take a stand against bullying behavior. Professional School

Counseling, 4, 300-305. Berthold, K. A., & Hoover, J. H. (2000, January). Correlates of bullying and

victimization among intermediate students in the Midwestern USA . School

Psychology International, 21, 65-78. Carney, A. G., & Merrell, K. W. (2001, August). Bullying in schools: Perspectives

on understanding and preventing an international problem. School Psychology

International, 22, 364-382. Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Bullying in American Schools A Social-

Ecological Perspective on Prevention and Intervention. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., & Ramani, P. S. (2001, April 16). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment . JAMA, 285, 2094-2100.

Neary, A., & Joseph, S. (1994, January). Peer victimization and its relationship to self-concept and depression among schoolgirls . Personality and Individual

Differences, 16, 183-186.