bullying and harassment in the workplace

37
Anna DentonJones January 24 th 2013 The practicalities of dealing with allegations of bullying and harassment

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Presentation notes from Yolk Recruitment's HR Insights Session on January 24th 2013 by Anna Denton-Jones of MDJ Law.

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Page 1: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Anna Denton‐JonesJanuary 24th

2013

The practicalities of dealing with  allegations of bullying and harassment

Page 2: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL COSTS  TO AN ORGANISATION OF HAVING A 

BULLYING AND HARASSMENT  COMPLAINT?

Page 3: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

THE LEGAL BIT

Page 4: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Contract of Employment

• Implied term of trust and confidence– duty to investigate grievances “promptly”

• Your procedures may be contractually binding;– “No action will be taken against an employee 

until the case has been fully investigated”.• Implied duty to provide safe working environment 

(relevant to bullying)• Failure = breach of contract, possibly entitling the 

employee to resign and claim “constructive unfair  dismissal”

Dutton & Clark ‐v‐

Daly (1985)

Page 5: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

“Harassment”

Equality Act

• “treatment which has the purpose or effect of  either violating the employee’s dignity or creating 

an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or  offensive environment”

• Protected characteristics : sex, sexual orientation,  gender reassignment, race, nationality or ethnic 

origin, religion or belief, disability and, age 

• Unlimited compensation possibility

• Cannot be justified

Page 6: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Personal Liability for Discrimination

Gilbank

v Miles [2006]– Personal liability of managers– Award of £25,000 for injury to feelings 

(employer and manager joint and severally  liable)

http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/29/11/2005/3278 4/gilbank‐v‐miles.htm

Page 7: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Vicarious Liability

• Employer is liable for the acts and omissions of its  employees

• A possible defence is to show the employer has  taken all reasonable steps to prevent the 

harassment occurring

Page 8: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Other issues relevant to bullying  complaints:‐

• Health and Safety at Work Act 1974– Legal duty to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the 

health, safety and welfare at work of employees– Statutory duty of care– Individual responsibility too

• Duty of care towards employees  in the law of negligence – obligation to provide a safe place and system of work and to 

protect the employee from unnecessary risk of injury. Has the  employer done everything reasonably practicable to prevent 

reasonably foreseeable damage from occurring?  If not ‐

award  of damages to the employee for the injuries suffered by them.

Page 9: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Other employee rights –

Unfair  Dismissal

• If the employee believes there is a “serious and  imminent”

danger – right to take steps to protect 

himself or others

• May include leaving work and refusing to return whilst  the danger persists

• Dismissal in these circumstances will be automatically  unfair

s100 Employment Rights Act 1996

• Right not to suffer action short of dismissal (demotion,  warnings, other sanctions, loss of pay)

Page 10: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Protection from Harassment Act 1997

• Rare • Conduct occurring on at least 2 occasions 

targeted at the Claimant which is calculated in  an objective sense to cause distress which is 

objectively judged to be oppressive and  unreasonable and sufficient to establish  criminal liability.

Page 11: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

ACAS Code of Practice

• Applies to grievances as well as disciplinary  situations

• 25% uplift for failure to follow guidance• Could result in 25% deduction from employee if 

they didn’t raise grievance?

• Mediation – emerging trend

Page 12: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Harassment from third parties

• Extends to all PC covered by harassment not  just sex

• Employer needs to know of 2 other occasions  before becomes liable – 3 strikes

• Can avoid by taking reasonable steps to  prevent harassment on this occasion

• Proposed repeal in 2013

Page 13: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

THE PRACTICALITIES

Page 14: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

What do you do?

You found Carla in the toilet in tears this morning.  When you asked her what was wrong she 

referred to her line manager constantly asking  her out to the pub after work despite the fact she 

had told him she doesn’t drink for religious  reasons. You encouraged her to take the matter 

up informally with him or formally with a  manager. She said she didn’t want to and made 

you promise not to say anything to anyone. 

Page 15: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Can the matter be dealt with  informally?

• When would this be appropriate?

• When would it not be appropriate?

• When must you deal with it formally?

• Have the confidence to say “this isn’t a  grievance”

Page 16: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Acknowledging the Complaint

• “We take this seriously”

• Inform them who will be dealing with  investigation

• Act promptly to initiate investigation– danger of making things worse

Page 17: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

What steps do you take towards the  alleged bully/perpetrator?

• Risk assessment

• Good procedures allocate them someone in HR  as well as the complainant

• Consider suspension

Page 18: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Considerations when appointing an  investigator

• Has the person got the time?

• Has the person got the skills?• Do I need a team of people?

• Would an outside person be better?

Page 19: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Is the complaint clear?

• Invite to an investigation meeting – find out  more about what has been going on

• Clarify the allegations• Who else will need to be interviewed? 

(Witnesses)

• What other documents/records do we need to  check?

• Confidentiality and co‐operation issues

Page 20: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Questionnaires

• Brian is investigating complaints against the  finance manager and is struggling to get the ten 

potential witnesses to co‐operate. He puts  together a questionnaire document to be sent to 

the witnesses for them to fill in and return to  him. What are the pros and cons of doing this?

Page 21: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Case study

• Carol has complained that her manager has  bullied and harassed her following long‐term 

sickness absence. She is objecting to Jean from  HR being the investigating officer as she says 

when she first mentioned she was going to raise  a grievance to Jean, Jean said things that mean 

she isn’t impartial. What do you do?

Page 22: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

What do you do?

• Tom has made a complaint that Peter a  colleague is stalking him. Having spoken with 

Tom at length to understand the nature of his  complaints, you call Peter to a meeting to 

inform him of the complaint against him. He  makes accusations about Tom saying that it is 

actually Tom bullying him, that Tom has been  sending him text messages which he shows 

you. These are of a sexual nature.

Page 23: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Writing an investigation report

• Background• Complaints

• Evidence for and against each allegation• Cross‐refer to witness statements

• Would the investigator recommend a finding in  favour or against the allegation?

• The best reports are balanced: can you admit  some faults?

Page 24: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Case study 

• Geoff is going to be conducting the grievance  meeting

• He has asked you to write him an agenda for the  meeting with some notes on how to conduct it. 

• What will you say to him?

Page 25: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Meeting with the complainant

• Opportunity to have their say and explain their  case –

general principles of ACAS Code

• Ask them how they would like issue resolved.

• Full hearing – do not rush! • Obligation to notify them of the outcome – is 

their grievance upheld or not.

Page 26: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Note‐Taking

• What to include

• What not to include!

Page 27: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

The Outcome Letter• Detailing the considerations taken into account 

can help in a Tribunal

• Try and make it ‘balanced’

• Can you admit to some ‘fault’

without admitting  liability?

• Power of apology• Enclose a copy of the meeting minutes

• Right of appeal to someone more senior 

Page 28: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

The appeal

• View it as an opportunity• Consider procedural weaknesses eg:‐

do any 

witnesses need to be re‐interviewed? 

• Would the criticism make any difference to the  outcome?

Page 29: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Taking steps against the perpetrator

• They need to be aware of the allegations they  face in detail: fair to see a copy of the 

investigation report 

• Fully opportunity to comment in a disciplinary  hearing before any penalties are applied

• Right of accompaniment

• Right of appeal to someone more senior

• Warnings vs

dismissal vs

other measures

Page 30: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Should you dismiss the bully?• …..it depends…• Usually reasonable (if serious) where prior 

warning issued• Reasonable without prior warning if very 

serious• Test for employer

– do you genuinely believe in guilt?– is that belief reasonably held?– have you conducted reasonable investigations?

• BHS ‐v‐

Burchell

(1980)

Page 31: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Moving forward

• Risk of victimisation claim if you move them into  a different role unless they request that?

• Want to know if you have taken disciplinary  action?

• Disciplinary action if they have made complaints  vexatiously?

• Training and support• Mediation

Page 32: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

What’s wrong with this?Tom has made a complaint about his entire team. It was 

investigated and after a hearing all the grounds were  denied by the company. Tom appealed. His appeal 

failed. He agreed to mediation despite having concerns  about whether it could work. In the mediation the team  used the opportunity to have a real go at Tom and vent 

their resentment at having been complained about. They  made personal  insulting comments about his wife. At 

one point the entire team were in the room, telling Tom  they no longer want to work with him.

Page 33: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Crunch time

• Complainant has to decide – are they resigning  and claiming constructive dismissal?

• If you have acted appropriately at every step it  might be difficult for them to pin a “last straw” event on you

• May have to dismiss for SOSR if they can’t work  together

Page 34: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

What do you do?

• Brian has raised a complaint about his line  manager sending round minutes of meetings 

which he a says he feels undermines him and  belittles him. You feel that, on balance the 

memos seem justified and that actually he has  a grudge about his manager who is new, 

because he wasn’t promoted to the  management position.

Page 35: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Reducing the risks 

• Use procedures• Nominated anti bullying and anti‐harassment 

champions?

• Monitoring

Page 36: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Reducing the risks ‐

policy• Zero‐tolerance approach• Dignity at Work Policy

– make clear bullying is not part of management ethos– outlaw harassment – clear examples of what is and isn’t 

acceptable– disciplinary offence

• Other policies eg:‐

computer use• Reminder eg:‐

memos, payslips

• Management training• Make sure take action promptly if there is a problem• Identify if sickness absence statistics show an area might 

have a problem?

Page 37: Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace

Any questions?

[email protected]

02920 537742

@mdj_law

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