bunker fuel contamination - platts · pdf fileplatts european bunker fuel conf 2016 –...
TRANSCRIPT
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 1 | 24/5/16
Bunker Fuel Contamination
Dr Malcolm Cooper
Group Technical &
Business Development Director
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 2 | 24/5/16
Marine Fuel Quality Standard
ISO8217:2012 Tables 1 & 2
• 11 Residual grades
• 4 Distillate grades
Quality variability
• Crude oil sources
• Refining processes
• Blending of fuels
• Supply Chain
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 3 | 24/5/16
ISO8217 - Section 5.5
The fuel shall not contain any additives……
or any added substance or chemical waste
that
a)jeopardises the safety of the ship or
adversely affects the performance of the
machinery, or
b)is harmful to personnel, or
c)contributes overall to additional air
pollution
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 4 | 24/5/16
Impact of Fuel Contamination
Blocked
Filter Sludging
Main Engine Damage Report - by the Swedish Club
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 5 | 24/5/16
Impact of Fuel Contamination
Casualty with Ships in EU Waters
During the period 2011-2014, Loss of Control is
the most frequent event with 1,489 occurrences Source: European Maritime Safety Agency, Annual overview of marine casualties and Incidents 2015
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 6 | 24/5/16
Fuel Problems Reported by Vessel
2011-Date
Created by and for use of Veritas Petroleum Services only
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 7 | 24/5/16
Impact of ECA on Marine Fuel Types
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
Introduction of 0.1% S ECA Limit on 1st Jan 2015
%
Distillate
Fuels
%
Residual
Fuels
Created by and for use of Veritas Petroleum Services only
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 8 | 24/5/16
Identifying Chemical Contamination
IR energy
absorbed
due to C-H
stretching
IR energy
absorbed
due to C-H
bending
FTIR Spectrum of Uncontaminated HFO
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 9 | 24/5/16
C=O stretching:-
• aldehydes
• ketones
• esters
• acids
1820cm-1-1660cm-1
Identifying Chemical Contamination
FTIR Spectrum of Contaminated HFO
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 10 | 24/5/16
Identifying Chemical Contamination
GC-MS of Uncontaminated HFO
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 11 | 24/5/16
GC-MS Pre-Treatment Methods
•Headspace Method
•Vacuum Distillation • Representative fraction of fuel
within a boiling range
• Identity of compounds remain
same as in original sample
•Acid Extraction • Aqueous extraction into base
followed by acidification
• Esterification of acid extract to
produce methyl ester of acid
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 12 | 24/5/16
Case Study 1 – The Problem •Fuel met ISO8217:2005 specification
•TSP slightly elevated (0.08 Vs 0.10 spec)
•Vessel reported problems: Sticking of injector
needles & fuel pump plungers & Clogging of fuel
heaters
•Vessel witnessed matting/greyish effect
HP Pump Delivery Valves Sticking Nozzle AE Fuel Injection Valve
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 13 | 24/5/16
Case Study 1 – The Analysis •VPS performed range of forensic analyses on
the original bunker sample and sample after
pump
• Headspace GC-MS
• GC-MS Vacuum Distillate results below…
Component
Molecular
formula
CAS No Estimated
concentration
%
1,2-dichloroethane C2H4CI2 107-06-2 0.02
1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2H3CI3 79-00-5 0.05
Chloro benzene C6H5CI 108-90-7 0.01
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 14 | 24/5/16
Case Study 1 – The Result
GC-MS Headspace of Bunker Sample
•VPS recommended to discontinue use of this fuel
•Vessel experienced no further problems
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 15 | 24/5/16
Case Study 2 – The Problem •Fuel met ISO8217:2005 specification
•Vessel reported problems: broken spring and
series cavitations of fuel injection pump after
running 720 hours after a 12,000 hours overhaul
•Acid Number = 2.27mg KOH/g
elevated indicating possible contamination
• VPS Forensic analysis of the sample
identified presence of Alkyl Phenols
• VPS recommended stop using this fuel
•Vessel experienced no further problems
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 16 | 24/5/16
Case Study 2 - The Analysis
FTIR analysis performed directly on Fuel Oil
3600cm-1- 3200cm-1
O-H stretching
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 17 | 24/5/16
Case Study 2 – GC-MS Chromatogram
Phenol
Alkyl Phenol Compounds
GCMS on Vacuum Distillate <250C
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 18 | 24/5/16
VPS – Screening Method
• Rapid Headspace GC-MS
Method
• Detects Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
• Some occur naturally in
crude oil, many do not!
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 19 | 24/5/16
VPS – Screening Method
VPS tested
>7,000 fuel oil
samples by
GC-MS
Fast GC-MS
screen of
volatile organic
contaminants
Leveraged
this
knowledge
•VPS tested >7,000 fuel oil
samples by GC-MS
• Leveraged this knowledge
•Fast GC-MS screen of volatile
organic contaminants
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 20 | 24/5/16
VPS – Screening Method
Fast Screen
Method results
issued on FQT
Report
Undertake more
extensive GCMS
forensic test
methods
Identifies
presence of
chemical
contamination
•Differentiates fuel oil HCs
Vs chemical contaminants
•Fast analysis – part of FQT
Report available PRE-BURN
• Screening method identifies
need for more extensive
testing
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 21 | 24/5/16
Summary • Vessel engine problems
burning fuel compliant
with ISO8217 standard
• VPS forensic experience
identifying contaminants
POST-BURN
• VPS offers screening for
chemical contamination
PRE-BURN to prevent
engine problems
Platts European Bunker Fuel Conf 2016 – Bunker Fuel Contamination 22 | 24/5/16
www.v-p-s.com
Thank you for your attention
Dr Malcolm Cooper
+447872816533