Business Communication

CMUN 11

Mrs. Waddell

Agenda

• Nonverbal Communication• Meyers & Briggs Personality

Profile• The Generational Divide (if

time)

• Next week: Interviewing & Listening Skills

Welcome!Welcome!

NonverbalNonverbalCommunicationCommunication

& & Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills

Communicating Without Words

• We all communicate nonverbally

• By analyzing nonverbal cues, we can – enhance our understanding– define relationships

Cues and ContextsCues and Contexts

We communicate nonverbally throughour bodies and appearancethe environment we create

and live in

Cues and ContextsCues and Contexts

Nonverbal communication Perpetual Frequently involuntary

Verbal and nonverbal messagesClear messagesMixed messages –words and actions contradiction

Aspects of Nonverbal CommunicationAspects of Nonverbal Communication

Kinesics – the study of body language

Facial Expressions = emotion display

Posture and GesturesPosture and Gestures

Posture sends messages: Content and confident? Angry and belligerent? Worried

and discouraged? Flight or Fight The way you feel about those with whom you are

communicating Gestures sends messages:

Movements of arms, legs, hands, and feet send messages about us

Gestures do not have universal meanings

Functions of Nonverbal CommunicationFunctions of Nonverbal Communication Message Reinforcement

“I love you” & kisses Message Negation

“We need to spend less time together” & moving closer

Message Substitution Pointing/gestures/ “OK” sign

Message Accentuation “I’m so angry!” & pulling on hair

Message Regulation eye contact/posture/gestures Signals flow of conversation

Clothing and ArtifactsClothing and Artifacts

Artifactual communication – the use of personal adornments

Extremely important in creating a first impression

Dress and chosen images should change as our roles change

Sometimes the basis for judgments regarding success, character, dominance, and competence

ParalanguageParalanguage

Paralanguage – vocal cues that accompany languagePitch

Habitual pitchVolumeRatePauses

Nonfluencies Silence

Confused CommunicationConfused Communication• Speech Fillers/NonfluenciesSpeech Fillers/Nonfluencies

– confuse the listener, with the message becoming garbled

– anything that interrupts the message and can include:

– UMUM– UHUH– LikeLike– OKAYOKAY– You KnowYou Know– So thenSo then– Now…Now…

Space and DistanceSpace and Distance

Distances Intimate: 0-18 inches Personal: 18 inches to 4 ft. Social: 4 to 12 ft. Public: 12 ft. to limit of sight

Spaces Informal: highly mobile and can be quickly changed Semifixed-feature: the use of objects to create distance Fixed-feature: relatively permanent objects to define the

environment around us

Territoriality and Personal SpaceTerritoriality and Personal Space

Territoriality – the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space

Markers – used to establish territory or reserve one’s space

ColorsColors

Color affects us emotionally and physiologically

Some of the emotions colors can trigger: Excitement Warmth Passion and sensuality Happiness Relaxation Persuasion

ChronemicsChronemics

Using time to communicateThe meaning of time differs around the world“Time talks”

Last minute invitations Habitual tardiness Leaving early Allocation of certain activities to appropriate times Structure time differently

HapticsHaptics

Haptics – the study of the use of touch

Culturally conditionedCorrelates positively with openness, comfort with

relationshipsCan reflect statusValued differently by different cultures

Gender and Nonverbal BehaviorGender and Nonverbal Behavior

Visual Dominance – measured by comparing the percentage of looking while speaking with the percentage of looking while listening

Men – higher levels of looking while speaking

Women – higher levels of looking while listening

Gendered Communication

Diversity and Nonverbal BehaviorDiversity and Nonverbal Behavior

Contact cultures vs. Low-contact cultures

Different cultures may express emotion or intimacy in different ways

Cultural background also affects their use of touch and personal space

Identical nonverbal cues may still convey different meanings in different cultures

MEYERS & BRIGGSPERSONALITY PROFILE

Speech 5

Meyers & Briggs

• Preference test– Dependent upon context

• 16 Types– Extraversion/Introversion– Sensing/Intuition– Thinking/Feeling– Judging/Perceiving

Extraversion/Introversion

• Similarities and differences

Extraversion (75%)

• Relates more easily to the outer world of people and things

• Life is an open book• Gather’s energy with people• Expends energy• Thinks out loud• Many friends• Many topics

Introversion (25%)

• Relates more easily to the inner world of ideas and concepts

• Saves energy• People draw out energy • Territoriality• Thinks inside• 1-1 relationships• In depth relationships

Sensing/Intuition

• Similarities and differences

Sensing (75%)

• Input• Would rather work with known facts• How you bring your information in• Down to earth• Likes rules• Decisions made on past experience• Enjoys using skills they know• Routine details• Few factual errors

Intuition (25%)

• Input• Would rather look for possibilities

and relationships• Prefers new skills• Works with bursts of energy• Attracted by the future• Looks for possibilities• Hunches• Speculative

Thinking/Feeling

• Similarities and differences

Thinking (50%)

• Output

• Gender 51% of group male

• Judgments based more on impersonal analysis and logic

• Linear

Thinking (50%)

• Doesn’t show emotions readily

• Concerned with the Law

• Analytical

• Standards

• Problems accepting errors

Feeling (50%)

• Output

• Gender 51% of group Female

• Judgments based more on personal values

• Needs and wants harmony

• Illogically ignores facts when feelings are stronger

Feeling (50%)

• Social values

• Extenuating circumstances

• Justice

• People oriented

Judging/Perceiving

• Similarities and differences

Judging (50%)

• Likes a planned, decided, orderly way of life

• Systematic way of deciding

• needs resolution and closure

• Urgency until decision then calm

• Strong work ethic

• Outcome oriented

Perceiving (50%)

• Likes a flexible, spontaneous way of life

• Experiencing life

• Accepting of the world

• Prefers options

• Resistance to decisions

• Deadlines are a time to get started

• Life happens--deal with it

• Spontaneous, fluid

THE FOUR TEMPERAMENTS

RATIONALS IDEALISTS

ARTISANS GUARDIANS

THE GUARDIANSTHE GUARDIANS

ADMINISTRATORS CONSERVATORS

INSPECTORS ISTJ

PROVIDERS ESFJ SUPERVISORS ESTJ

PROTECTORS ISFJ

CONCRETE COMMUNICATORSCOOPERATIVE in implementing goalsHighly skilled in LOGISTICS

THE IDEALISTSTHE IDEALISTS

ADVOCATES MENTORS

HEALERS INFP

TEACHERS ENFJ CHAMPIONS ENFP

COUNSELORS INFJ

ABSTRACT COMMUNICATORS COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, Highly skilled in DIPLOMATIC INTEGRATION

THE RATIONALSTHE RATIONALS

ENGINEERS COORDINATORS

Architect INTP

Fieldmarshal  ENTJ

Inventor ENTP

Mastermind  INTJ

ABSTRACT COMMUNICATORSUTILITARIAN in implementing goalsHighly skilled in STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

THE ARTISANSTHE ARTISANS

ENTERTAINERS OPERATORS

COMPOSERS ISFP

PROMOTERS ESTP

PERFORMERS ESFP

CRAFTERS ISTP

CONCRETE COMMUNICATORSUTILITARIAN in implementing goals, highly skilled in TACTICAL VARIATION

Keirsey Temperament Distribution

Total Results Counted = 6440530

Temperament Temperament Percentage Percentage Total Total

Guardian 43.52 2803032

Idealist 30.09 1938263

Rational 13.85 892232

Artisan 12.53 807003

SPEECH 5Keirsey Temperament Distribution

Total Results Counted =18

Temperament Temperament Percentage Percentage Total Total

Guardian 28 5

Idealist 50 9

Rational 22 4

Artisan 0 0

Extra Credit!!!

• What type is your instructor?– The first person to

guess correctly earns 25 extra credit points

– Listen for clues– ONE GUESS PER

PERSON

Extra Credit!!!

• Clues– No one in the class

has the same type as instructor

– Not an Artisan– Two types strongly

expressed– Two types extremely

slightly expressed

The Generational Divide: The Generational Divide: Old Farts and UpstartsOld Farts and Upstarts

Instructor: Ellen WaddellInstructor: Ellen Waddell

Sounds of the GenerationsSounds of the Generations

• Sounds of the generations:– perspectives based on life-

changing events

• Workplaces diversified at all levels– Age– Race– Gender– Ethnicity/culture

• Impact of technology

DEFINING EVENTSDEFINING EVENTS1930s1930s• Great Depression• Election of FDR

1940s1940s• Pearl Harbor• D-Day• VE Day and VI Day• Hiroshima/Nagasaki

1950s1950s• Korean War• TV in every home• McCarthy HCUAA Hearings• Rock n Roll• Salk Polio vaccine introduced

1960s1960s• Vietnam• Kennedy elected• Civil Rights Movement• Kennedy and King

assassinations• Moon landing• Woodstock

1970s1970s• Oil Embargo• Nixon Resigns• First PCs• Women’s Rights Movement

1980s1980s• Challenger Explosion• Fall of Berlin Wall• John Lennon shot• Reagan elected• Savings and Loan Debacle • California: Loma Prieta earthquake

1990s1990sDesert Storm

Oklahoma City bombing

Death of Princess Diana

Clinton Scandals

Internet/PC boom

California: Northridge earthquake

2000s2000sY2K

Dot Com rise and fall

911

War on Terrorism

War with Iraq

Sounds of the GenerationsSounds of the Generations

• “They have no work ethic. They’re just a bunch of slackers.”

• “A hiring bonus! Wet behind the ears and he wants a hiring bonus! At his age, I was just grateful to have a job.”

• “I have a new role. I will not attend meetings that start after 5 p.m. I have a life.”

• “He asks me, ‘Do you have an e-mail address?’ I felt like telling him, ‘since you were in diapers, buddy.’”

• “She wants a ‘career map.’ I don’t even know if there will be a customer relations department this time next year.”

• If I hear, ‘We tried that in ’87’ one more time, I will scream!”

The Veterans: 1922-1943The Veterans: 1922-1943 Popular names George and Dorothy

AKA Traditionalists; WWII Generation;

The Silent Generation; Seniors

Defining events The Great Depression; Pearl Harbor; WWII; New Deal; Korean War; Golden Age of Radio; Silver Screen; Rise of Labor Unions

Visible members Harry Belafonte; George Bush Sr.; Jimmy Carter; Phil Donohue; John Glenn; Gloria Steinem

Music of their early years

Swing; Big Band; Glenn Miller; Duke Ellington; Benny Goodman; Tommy Dorsey; Frank Sinatra

The Baby Boomers: 1943-1960The Baby Boomers: 1943-1960 Popular names Tom and Linda

AKA Boomers

Defining events Prosperity; Children in the spotlight; Television (color); Suburbia; Assassinations; Vietnam; Civil Rights Movement; Flower Children; Woodstock; The Cold War; Women’s Liberation: The Space Race

Visible members Bill & Hilary Clinton; David Letterman; Oprah Winfrey; Jane Pauley; Bill Gates; Rush Limbaugh; Mick Jagger

Music of their early years

Rock n Roll; Acid Rock; Elvis; The Beatles; Rolling Stones; Grateful Dead; Beach Boys; Jimi Hendrix; Janis Joplin; Bob Dylan; Supremes; Temptations

The Generation Xers: 1960-1980The Generation Xers: 1960-1980 Popular names Devon and Li

AKA Xers; Twenty-somethings; Thirteeners; Baby busters; Post-boomers

Defining events Watergate/Nixon resigns; Latchkey kids; Stagflation; Single-parent homes; MTV; AIDS; Computerized games/emergence of PCs; Challenger disaster; Wall Street/S&L; Fall of Berlin Wall; Persian Gulf; Glasnost & Perestroika

Visible members George Stephanopoulis; Kurt Cobain; Jewel; Brad Pitt; Michael Jordan; Matt Groening; Neil Stephenson; Michael Dell

Music of their early years

Disco; Rap; Raggae; Elton John; Bruce Springstein; Tina Turner; Bon Jovi; Michael Jackson; Guns n Roses; U2; Prince

The Nexters: 1980-2000The Nexters: 1980-2000 Popular names Brandon and Crystal

AKA Millennials; Generation Y; Generation 2001; Nintendo Generation; Generation Net; Internet Generation

Defining events Computers; Schoolyard violence; Oklahoma City bombings; It takes a village; TV talk shows; Multiculturalism; Girl’s movement; McGuire and Sosa; 911; War on Terrorism

Visible members Kerri Strug; Macauley Culkin; Tara Lipinski; Chelsea Clinton; LeAnn Rimes

Music of their early years

Alternative Rap; SKA; Remix; Jewel; Puff Daddy; ALanis Morrisette; Toni Braxton; Will Smith; Savage Garden; Spice Girls; Hanson; Garth Brooks; Backstreet Boys; Brintney

Cross-Generational SuccessCross-Generational Success

• Motivation is key:• Money• Power• Training and experience with influential people• Leisure time• Alternative schedules• Tradition vs. “breaking the mold”• Technology/newest hard and software

The End