business intelligence
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Anuraag Awasthi [email protected] / 9810068709
Business Intelligence And Business Intelligence And Computer Applications In Computer Applications In
ManagementManagement
INTRODUCTIONSINTRODUCTIONS
Ground Rules
- Participation
- Questions and suggestions, any time
- Full Attendance
Section Tue Wed Thu
A 11 - 1 11 - 1 B 9 - 11 3 - 5 C 2 - 4 9 - 11
Class ScheduleClass Schedule
Unit : I
An introduction to computers, Computers in Business, Indian Computer Environment, Elements of Computer System, Generations of Computers, Introduction to the role of information in the functioning of modern organizations, Information systems literacy, Contemporary approaches to Information Systems, The digital firm, Challenges of Information Systems.
Business Intelligence and Computer Applications in
Management
• What is Business?
• How do we run a business?
• What is Business Intelligence?• What is the relevance of Computer
applications?
What is Business?
The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope :- the singular usage to mean a particular organization- the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector, "the music business" and compound forms such as agribusiness- the broadest meaning, which encompasses all activity by the community of suppliers of goods and services.
What is Business?
A business (also known as enterprise or firm) is an organization involved in the manufacturing, trade of goods, services, or all of these to consumers.
Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to provide service to its customers. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or state-owned.
Forms of Business
Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person for-profit. The owner may operate the business alone or may employ others. The owner of the business has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business.Partnership: A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business.
Forms of Business
Corporation: A corporation is a limited liability business that has a separate legal personality from its members. Corporations can be either government-owned or privately owned, and corporations can organize either for-profit or not-for-profit. A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned by shareholders who elect a board of directors to direct the corporation and hire its managerial staff.
Forms of Business
Cooperative: Often referred to as a "co-op", a cooperative is a limited liability business that can organize for-profit or not-for-profit. A cooperative differs from a for-profit corporation in that it has members, as opposed to shareholders, who share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives.
Forms of Business
Franchise: Where the rights to market a range of products or services are purchased from a parent company who become a supplier to the franchise. Giving the franchisee access to the back up of an often well known company.
Forms of Business
"Direct Selling or Network Marketing": A legal multi level business system offering the benefits of a franchise often at a fraction of the cost. Allowing the independent business owner the opportunity to create a residual income stream by introducing other people to the parent company, this provides a passive income after a while and residual income. This business model is ethical and currently growing fast around the world.
Business Intelligence and Computer Applications in
Management
• What is Business?
• How do we run a business?
• What is Business Intelligence?• What is the relevance of Computer
applications?
How do we run a Business?
A business is run to maximize the profits.Which means maximum output for minimum input.
Profits = Sales price – Cost Price
To become profitable and maximize profits, the Sales price should increase, and Cost price should decrease. Cost Price includes cost of raw materials, building, salaries, machines, sales cost etc.
How do we run a Business?
Profits = Sales price – Cost Price
It is not possible to control ‘Sales Price’… the only thing in our hand is ‘Cost Price’.
A business is driven and controlled by numbers. Some of these are :- Sales- Revenue- Profits- Productivity
How do we run a Business?
What are the functions in a typical organiztaion?
Suggest some numbers that are used to drive a business?
Business Intelligence and Computer Applications in
Management
• What is Business?
• How do we run a business?
• What is Business Intelligence?• What is the relevance of Computer
applications?
Business Intelligence (BI)Business Intelligence (BI)
"BI“ is an umbrella term
to describe a set of concepts
and methods to
improve business decision-
making by
using fact-based support systems.
Business Intelligence (BI)Business Intelligence (BI)
BI refers to application and
technology, which is used
to gather, provide access to, and
analyze data and informationabout the company
operations.
What is Business What is Business Intelligence?Intelligence?
“Business Intelligence (BI) applications are decision support tools that enable real-time, interactive access, analysis and manipulation of mission-critical corporate information.”
What is a Computer?
Introduction To Computers
• Definition:• Its an electronic Device that is used for
information Processing.• Computer.. Latin word.. compute• Calculation Machine
• A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software
Introduction To Computers
Computer
• Performs computations and makes logical decisions
• Millions / billions times faster than human beings
Computer programs
• Sets of instructions through which computer processes data
Hardware
• Physical devices of computer system
Software
• Programs that run on computers
Introduction To Computers
• Definition:
• Introduction To Computer Software• Operating system• Problem solving Techniques• Computer Prog ramming languages• Computer Threats
• Accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output
• Input refers to whatever is sent to a Computer system• Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and
ideas
• Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data
• A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU)
Introduction To Computers
• Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output
• Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis
• Computer output is the result produced by the computer
• An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing
Introduction To Computers
• Characteristics of Computers• Huge Data Storage
• High Processing Speed
• Accuracy
• Reliability
• Versatility
Introduction To Computers
Generations of Computers
Generations of Computers
• First Generation - Vacuum Tubes (1946-59)• Second Generation - Transistors (1957-64)• Third Generation – Integrated Circuits (1965-70)• Fourth Generation – Microprocessors (1970-90)• Fifth Generation (1990 till date)
Generation 1 : ENIAC The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was unveiled in 1946: the first all-electronic, general-purpose digital computer
Generations of Computers
Generation 2: IBM7094Generations of Computers
Generation 3: Integrated Circuits
Seymour Cray created the Cray Research CorporationCray-1: $8.8 million, 160 million instructions per seconds and 8 Mbytes of memory
Generations of Computers
Generation 4: VLSI Improvements to IC technology made it possible to integrate more and more transistors in a single chip.
•SSI (Small Scale Integration): 10-100 •MSI (Medium Scale Integration): 100-1,000•LSI (Large Scale Integration): 1,000-10,000•VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration): >10,000
Microprocessors
Generations of Computers
Generation 5?
•The term “Generation 5” is used sometimes to refer to all more or less “sci fi” future developments
Voice recognitionArtificial intelligenceBio computing
Cloud ComputingNano technologyLearningNatural languages
Generations of Computers
Use of Computers
Make groupsGroup-wise, identify possible computer
applications for a large scale organization, and possibility of using internet in :◦ Government◦ Bank◦ Factory◦ Agriculture◦ Educational Institution◦ Retail Shop◦ Pharma Company◦ Insurance Company
Indian Computer Environment
Business Organizations Industrial Organizations Educational Organizations Government Organizations Medical Organizations Entertainment Organizations Scientific Research
Business Organizations Industrial Organizations Educational Organizations Government Organizations Medical Organizations Entertainment Organizations Scientific Research
Computing In Business
Payroll AccountingOffice AutomationStock Control InsuranceStock BrokingAccountingBanking
Payroll AccountingOffice AutomationStock Control InsuranceStock BrokingAccountingBanking
Payroll Calculations
Record-Keeping Wage-Calculations Monthly Budgetary Calculations
Record-Keeping Wage-Calculations Monthly Budgetary Calculations
Office Automation
Evolution of E-Offices Record Maintenance Daily Transactions Electronic Filing Report Preparation Desktop Publishing Printing
Evolution of E-Offices Record Maintenance Daily Transactions Electronic Filing Report Preparation Desktop Publishing Printing
Insurance
Online InformationData Base ManagementInterest CalculationsBonuses
Online InformationData Base ManagementInterest CalculationsBonuses
Stock broking
Database ManagementQuick Retrieval of RecordsOnline up to date information
Database ManagementQuick Retrieval of RecordsOnline up to date information
Accounting
Budget PreparationBudget CalculationCost-Benefit AnalysisNational Income AccountingTax - Calculations
Budget PreparationBudget CalculationCost-Benefit AnalysisNational Income AccountingTax - Calculations
Banking
ATMOnline-BankingElectronic Payments
ATMOnline-BankingElectronic Payments
•Offers ATMS throughout India
•Largest bank network in India
•Online –Banking
•E-Payments
•Offers ATMS throughout India
•Largest bank network in India
•Online –Banking
•E-Payments
AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINEAUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINEAUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
•Quick retrieval and deposition of cash 24 hrs a day
•Electronic Funds transfer
•User-friendly Interface
•Efficient and Accurate Banking
•Quick retrieval and deposition of cash 24 hrs a day
•Electronic Funds transfer
•User-friendly Interface
•Efficient and Accurate Banking
E-GovernmentE-Government
Electronic Data InterchangeBudgetsNetwork between District,
State and Central GovernmentNational Informatics CenterElectronic Voting
Electronic Data InterchangeBudgetsNetwork between District,
State and Central GovernmentNational Informatics CenterElectronic Voting
Next Generation Services
Certifying Authority for Digital Signatures
Risk Management based ClearancesDematerialization of challansE- paymentsE-Registration for excise and service
taxE-filing of returns and refunds
Certifying Authority for Digital Signatures
Risk Management based ClearancesDematerialization of challansE- paymentsE-Registration for excise and service
taxE-filing of returns and refunds
Importer/
Exporter/CHA
Customs
Stations
Excise Divisions
Excise Assesses
Service Tax
Assesses
Directorates
WCO/
Other Customs Agencies
Central Servers/Mainframe
Partner Agencies
(e.g., DGFT)
Ministry of Finance
Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
Contemporary Approaches to Contemporary Approaches to Information SystemsInformation Systems
Technical Approach
The technical approach uses mathematical models to test the capabilities of information systems. These disciplines include: • Computer Science - concerned with methods of computability, computation, and data storage and access. • Management Science - emphasized the development of models for decision making, and management practices.
Contemporary Approaches to Contemporary Approaches to Information SystemsInformation Systems
Operations Research - focuses on mathematical techniques for optimizing selected parameters of organizations.(inventory control, transaction costs).
Contemporary Approaches to Contemporary Approaches to Information SystemsInformation Systems
Behavioral Approach
Deals with behavioral issues that arise in the development, and long term maintenance of the information system. • Different disciplines, such as psychologists, sociologists, Economists, study information systems, and the impacts they have in the organizational environment.Behavioral changes can occur within the organization during, and after information system development. The key to this approach is to find the solution to the behavior, which is not a technical issue.
Challenges of Information Systems
Challenges of Information Challenges of Information SystemsSystems
The Strategic Business Challenge:◦ How can business use information technology to
design organizations that are competitive and effective
The Globalization Challenge:◦ How can firms understand the business and
system requirements of a global economic environment?
The Information Architecture Challenge:◦ How can organizations develop an information
architecture that supports their business goals
Challenges of Information Challenges of Information SystemsSystems
The information systems investment challenge:◦How can organizations determine the
business value of information systemsThe Responsibility and control
challenge:◦How can organization design systems that
people can control and understand?◦How can organization ensure that their
information systems are used in an ethically and socially responsible manner?
Digital Firm
Digital FirmDigital Firm
A digital firm is one in which nearly all of the organization's significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediate. Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks spanning the entire organization or linking multiple organizations.
Digital FirmDigital Firm
Digital firms involve both time sihfting and space shifting. Time shifting refers to business being conducted continuously, 24x7, rather than in narrow "work day" time bands of 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Space shifting means that work takes place in a global workshop, as well as within national boundaries.
Assignment
Make groups of 5 students
Identify an organization
Identify all possible data that are used by management to make decisions
Possible departments are Human Resource, Sales & Marketing, Stores, Production, IT, Administration, Finance, Support
Questions?