business law _ final report fall 2005

7/24/2019 Business Law _ Final Report Fall 2005

1/22

Harassment isnt out of step,

its against the Law!!


2/22

Letter of Transmittal

Mr. Usman Rafiq October 31st, 2015

Visiting Faculty usiness !a",

Ri#$a %nternational Uni&ersity,

%%M' 'am#us, Ra"al#in(i

)ear Mr. Usman,

%t is $ereby informe( t$at t$is re#ort is base( on assigne( to#ic an( solely #art of our

grou# stu(y an( researc$, "e ma(e gi&en in references of re#ort.

%n or(er to e*#lore our to#ic assigne( "it$ title +Harassment isnt out of step its against

the Law urge use to stu(y anti-se*ual $arassment la" un(er a/istani legislation.

it$ a((itional (etails e*cer#t from uran an( a(it$ an( #ractical im#lication too. Our

gi&en conclusion is unbiase( an( gi&ing a broa(er (efinition rat$er t$an limiting in com#liance

of #articularfiqhor religion.

incerely,

aroon 4$me( 'M15606

a7g$a aqar 'M15589

Uroo: ;isar 'M15


3/22

Ta#le of ontent

=*ecuti&e ummary > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 06

?o(ay@s orl( an( ;ee( for 4nti-$arassment > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 05

!egislation rotecting arassment in a/istan > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 0 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 0 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 0A

$at are #otential c$arges for being accuse( un(er 4ct 2010B > > > > > 0A

o"ers to t$e committee> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 09

!e&eraging 4ccuse( to 4##eal against #enalties > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 09

Ombu(sman > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 09

Re#resentation to resi(ent or Co&ernor > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 10

o"ers to t$e Ombu(sman > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 10

Res#onsibility of =m#loyer > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 11

Forms of arassment > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 11

%slamic ers#ecti&e of omen an( or/#lace > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 12

o" i:ab is foun(ation to a&oi( arassment > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 13

ura$ 4n ;ur Verses D4rabicE GHI GHJKL, ?$e !ig$tN > > > > > > > > > > > > > 13

rat al-4$P7Qb D4rabicE < < < < < < < < < < , ?$e 'ombine ForcesN 15

ractical %m#lication "it$ some insig$ts > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 20

'a#ital % ;! Financial a multinational Organi7ation > > > > > > > > > > > 20

Reference an( ibliogra#$y > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 22


4/22

$%e&utive 'ummary

?$is stu(y "ill un&eil nee( of female@s #rotection from $arassment in society. $ic$ a "omen in

society faces in (ifferent s$a#es an( it@s of #rime im#ortance to a((ress t$is as "omen@s areim#ortant #art of society contributing significantly "it$ great amount of #otential.

)uring our stu(y, "e $a&e seen #re a##ro&alS#romulgation of rotection of arassment againstomen 4ct 2010, t$ere "as a lot of efforts carry on by Me$ergar$ an( 4lliance against e*ualarassment ;CO@s in a/istan. ost #romulgation of earlier sai( 4ct in 2010, t$is "as lan(mar/consi(ere( for "omen@s rig$t at "or/#lace an( securing t$em from coercion an( un(ueinfluences seen in #ast, t$ese ;CO@s are still &ery acti&ely monitoring t$is t$at "$et$er !a" isbeing a($ere "it$ #ublic an( #ri&ate sector organi7ation or not an( recogni7ing t$em "it$+Cen(er Frien(ly Organi7ation title.

Un(er (iscussion "oul( be rotection of arassment against "omen at "or/#lace an( itsFe(eral Ombu(smen enforcement in a/istan.

4s a &alue a((ition, "e $a&e gi&en touc$ base on %slamic #ers#ecti&e of arassment causes insociety an( "$at lies on us as a Muslim to a($ere i:ab Dar(aN for male an( female bot$ toculti&ate better society.

Our stu(y is furt$er at t$e en( relates "it$ #ractical im#lication of arassment 4ct 2010 in#ri&ate sector multinational organi7ation, "$ic$ a($ere legal im#lications to ma/e "or/#lace"omen frien(ly to ensure t$at "omen@s "or/ing "it$ t$em are safe an( t$ey strongly con(emn

arassment, umiliation an( se*ual &iolence against "omen@s.

tu(y "ill be conclu(e( at t$e en( "it$ best #ossible :u(gments base( on areas, "e "ill e*#lore.


5/22

To(ays )orl( an( *ee( for Anti+harassment

Un"ante( a(&ancement, Violence against "omen #$ysically, umiliating t$em or un(ercoercion ma/ing t$em con&ince( for any act of abusi&e nature, "$ic$ "e "ill be a((ressing as'rime in our stu(y. ?$is is #art of our re#ort an( stu(y "ill re&ol&e aroun( t$is from (ifferent

#ers#ecti&es t$at $o" t$is coul( be $an(le( or et$ical "ays to li&e an( let ot$ers to li&e.

!oo/ing t$is from social sciences #ers#ecti&e, "e can say t$at to(ay@s "orl(, "$ere (i&ersity at"or/#lace is one of t$ose factors organi7ations@ are gaining com#etiti&e a(&antage "it$ mi*c$emistry of $ea(counts, #erfectly blen(e( e*#erienceSculture an( #otential. %t becomec$allenging to manage t$at too. articularly, "$en "e tal/ about t$is from #ers#ecti&e of "omenfacing se*ual $arassment, "$ic$ $as become social abuse rat$er t$an only a crimeT Our #ro:ectto#ic title is a((ressing same. o" "omen@s "or/, tra&el, &isiting outsi(e assaulte( "it$ t$isusing (ifferent mo(es of abusing an( not letting t$em to freely mo&e in society e&en "e al"aysraising &oice for rinci#le of =quity an( ustice.

omen@s $a&e #ro&en t$emsel&es &ery talente( so far an( a((ing a lot in gro"t$ of country inalmost in e&ery #rofession. %n e(ucation, e*#erience an( talent almost "omen@s are stan(ing at#ar "it$ men an( $ere comes t$e question for rig$ts or #rotection &iolence against "omen@sT

$et$er "e are encouraging t$em to come out an( utili7e talent for gro"t$ an( (e&elo#ment ofnation or let t$eir career sto##e(B Most of "omen@s are being se*ually $arasse( at "or/#lace an(in $istory of a/istan first time #arliament #romulgate( +Protection against Harassment ofwomen Act 2010 (hereafter PHWW) to a((ress t$is social #roblem.

=&ery a/istani organi7ation nee( to com#ly +Protection against Harassment of women Act2010 regar(less of ublicSri&ate sector an( cre(it for t$is effort mainly goes to 4llianceagainst e*ual arassment D444N in collaboration "it$ ot$er :ointly "or/ing organi7ationsfor "omen@s rig$t.

%n our "orl(, "$ere "e as manager of organi7ation, entre#reneur or as /no"le(geable "or/er,"e $a&e to cater t$is social #roblem. e are "atc$ing many (ebates an( #rograms tal/ing aboutequal em#loyment o##ortunities for "omen, equal rig$ts, "omen@s status in our society, "omenem#o"erment an( many more t$ings but all e&ol&es t$at

Whether Legislation for protecting womens from being harassed at workplace is actually

working or not?

%n or(er to a((ress t$is social e&il of assaulting "omen an( ma/ing "or/#lace more comfortablefor "omen so t$at "omen@s feel em#o"ere(, self reliant an( a(( &alue to gro"t$ of country, "e"ill re&ie" current #re&ailing legislation in a/istan.

Our foun(er uai(-=-47am Mu$amma( 4li inna$ sai(, No nation could get high prestige andhonor if the womens are not contributing towards the nations success


6/22

Legislation "rote&ting Harassment in "aistan

TH$ "R-T$T.-* AA.*'T HARA''M$*T -0 )-M$* AT TH$ )-R1"LA$ AT 2343

%n a/istan "omen arassment "as a((resse( formally in year 2010. arliament un(erCo&ernment of a/istan eo#le@s arty signe( by Mr. 4sif 4li War(ari "it$ lot of efforts from

Me$ergar$ ;CO "or/ing for "omen rig$ts get it signe(.

?$e rotection 4gainst arassment of omen at t$e or/#lace 4ct 2010 is first formalmilestone, in $istory of a/istan #a&e( to strongly affirm t$at "omen@s &iolence is crime un(ergi&en (efinition in t$is act, "$ic$ "e "ill e*#lore $ere.

O&er an( abo&e all t$is, it e*ten(s to "$ole country a/istan an( in all /in( of organi7ations"it$ female $ea(count "or/ing "it$ t$em. %t a($ere com#liance "it$ #re&ailing legislation.

4s a/istan@s most of legislation is base( on its constitution "$ic$ is strongly belie&e( to bebase( on %slam@s ;ame, so being Muslim it@s our (uty to get t$is into #ractice an( abi(e by la"to remo&e t$is social e&il cum crime of se*ual $arassment in or(er to ensure (ignity an( res#ectfor "omen "or/ing in society.

4ccor(ing to t$is act "or/#lace $arassment is a #unis$able crime it@s e*actly com#lyingteac$ings of our religion +.slam. %slam a com#lete co(e of life strictly #ro$ibits all ty#eimmoral #ractices an( gi&es equal rig$ts, #o"er an( status to t$e "omen in t$e men (ominatingsociety.

Our belo&e( ro#$et 4W4R4? MU4MM4) D.4.N sai( +4mong you t$e mostres#ectable is t$e one "$o res#ects "omen an( t$e most (isres#ectable is t$e one "$o (isres#ect

t$e "omen

5efinitions un(er Harassment A&t+2343

?$is act (efine( some terms, t$ese are summari7e( as

1- 4ccuse( means an em#loyee or em#loyer against "$ic$ com#laint is registere( by anaccuser or com#lainant.

2- 'ollecti&e argaining 4gents D'4N means t$at t$ey are in force an( are re#resentati&eof em#loyee@s interests to cater arassment case file(.

3- 'om#etent aut$ority means management@s nominate( #ro#erly qualifie( aut$orityres#onsible for carrying on co(e of con(ucts un(er act.

6- 'o(e of con(uct means a set of #rinci#les, la"s an( regulations #ro&i(es for anin(i&i(ual, #arty or an organi7ation.

5- 'om#lainant means a (istresse( #arty, "$o launc$e( com#laint of $arassment to t$e%nquiry 'ommittee or to t$e Ombu(sman.


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8- =m#loyer means a legal entity "$o $ires em#loyee an( (irect $im certain "or/ un(er t$econtract of em#loyment.

a. e may be a successor of any business entity,b. e may a #erson from t$e management res#onsible for managing t$e firm,c. robably a contractor "$ic$ uses ser&ices of "or/ers for anot$er #erson or t$e

$ea( of any (e#artment in an organi7ation "$et$er it@s a #ublic or #ri&ate firm.A- arassment means t$e un"ante( an( annoying be$a&ior of one #arty or a grou# requestfor se*ual fa&ors an( ot$er &erbal or #$ysical con(uct of a se*ual nature t$at ten(s tocreate a $ostile or offensi&e "or/ en&ironment. ?$e #ur#ose of t$ese acts is to ma/esomeone fearful or an*ious.

9- %nquiry 'ommittee means a grou# of #eo#le set u# to gat$er information about t$is issuean( to in&estigate it.

10- Management inclu(es #eo#le res#onsible for (esigning an organi7ation@s structure an( tocoor(inates em#loyees to accom#lis$ organi7ational goals effecti&ely.

11- Ombu(sman means an official a##ointe( to in&estigate com#laint registere( byin(i&i(ual against a com#any or an organi7ation.

12- Organi7ation means a social unit of #eo#le t$at is structure( an( manage( in a "ay to#ursue in(i&i(ual an( collecti&e goals. ?$e organi7ation may run by Fe(eral or ro&incialCo&ernment.

13- c$e(ule means a statement anne*e( to a constitution ne"ly a(o#te( by a state.16- or/#lace means a #$ysical location li/e factory or office "$ere #eo#le are em#loye(, it

sim#ly a #erson@s #lace of em#loyment.

How to 'et up .n6uiry ommittee un(er "H)) A&t 2343

=ac$ organi7ation "it$in 30 (ays of enactment of anti-$arassment act "ill establis$

inquiry committee "$ic$ accor(ing to t$is act in&estigates t$e com#laints. ?$is committee com#rise of 3 members from "$om one s$all be a "oman. One member

from senior a(ministration an( "$ere '4 (i(n@t e*ists t$en t$ere s$all be senior

re#resentati&e of t$e em#loyees or a senior em#loyee. )irector s$all be selecte( from

t$ese 3 members. One member can be selecte( from outsi(e t$e organi7ation if t$e

organi7ation is incom#etent to nominate t$e members from "it$in it. %f com#laint is ma(e against one of t$e member of t$e committee t$en t$e member "oul(

re#lace( by anot$er an( ne"ly selecte( member can from "it$in or outsi(e t$e

organi7ation. %f no com#etent aut$ority is (esignate(, organi7ation "it$in 30 (ays of a##ro&al of t$is

act "ill (esignate a com#etent aut$ority.


8/22

How to hol( in6uiry un(er "H)) A&t 2343

%nquiry committee after recei&ing "ritten com#laint "it$in 3 (ays,

%nforms accuse( about t$e allegations an( c$arges in "ritten form "$ic$ is le&ele(against $im.

4ccuse( s$all $a&e to submit "ritten (efense "it$in 8 (ays if $e fails to submit "it$outany soun( reason t$en t$e case "ill be treate( as one si(e(.

'ommittee "ill in&estigate t$e c$arges an( $as t$e #o"er to e*amine t$e e&i(ences in t$e(efense of accuse or blame.

%nquiry committee "ill $a&e t$e #o"er to regulate its matters li/e fi*ing of session #lace an( itstime.

%f necessary t$e organi7ation can nominate an officer for bot$ #arties as an a(&isor an( bot$#arties $a&e t$e rig$t to ta/e a collecti&e bargaining agent or a frien( "it$ t$em an( to #resentt$em.

4ll t$e information obtaine( (uring t$e inquiry #rocess "ill inter#ret as #ri&ate not (isclose infront of ot$ers an( no unfa&orable action s$all be ta/en against t$e com#lainant.

?$e inquiry committee after t$e #rocee(ings conclu(e results in "riting an( t$en recor( reasons.

%f t$e inquiry committee fin(s t$e accuse( guilty t$en it s$all $a&e to suggest #enalties tocom#etent aut$ority.

)hat are potential &harges for #eing a&&use( un(er "H)) A&t 23437

?$ere are t"o ty#es of #enalties im#ose( on an offen(er (e#en(ing u#on t$e nature of t$eoffence, $e (i(

Minor enaltiesE

'on(emnation, (isa##ro&al of 4ct &ery strongly. Refuse to gi&e increment an( #romotion. ?o sto# efficiency bar in t$e time-scale or to (eclare unfit to cross

t$e bar. ?o com#ensate com#lainant from accuse( salary or $is ot$er

resources.

Ma:or enaltiesE

)emotion. 'om#ulsory retirement. Fire( or (ismisse( from ser&ice.


9/22

Fine a #art of a fine can be use( as remuneration for t$ecom#lainant. %n case of o"ner t$e fine is #ayable to t$e inquirycommittee.

?$e #enalties s$all im#ose "it$in one "ee/ by t$e com#etent aut$ority, "$ic$ is recommen(e(by t$e inquiry committee.

?$e session of committee "ill $el( on regular basis "$ere t$ey monitor t$at t$eir (ecision $a&ebeen im#lemente( or not. ?$e organi7ation "ill #ro&i(e me(ical treatment an( lea&es if t$ecom#lainant is in stress an( also com#ensate $im.

"owers to the &ommittee

%t s$all $a&e t$e #o"er,

- ?o enforce a #erson to atten( an( to e*amine $im on oat$.

- Require to #resent any /in( of (ocuments.- Recei&e e&i(ence on affi(a&it an( to recor( t$em.

%f me(ical e*amination of com#lainant an( accuse( "ill require( t$e inquiry committee $a&e t$e#o"er to get it an( it t$e #o"er to recommen( suitable #enalty against t$e accuse( accor(ing tot$e sub section 6 of section 6.

%f t$e allegations an( c$arges le&ele( at t$e accuse( foun( to be "rong an( ma(e on falsee&i(ences t$en inquiry committee request ombu(sman to ta/e a##ro#riate action against t$ecom#lainant. %t /ee#s all #rocee(ings confi(ential.

Leveraging A&&use( to Appeal against penalties

4ny #arty "$et$er com#lainant or accuse( if (isturbe( by t$e (ecision of com#etent aut$oritycan a##eal "it$in 30 (ays to ombu(sman un(er t$e section 8.

%f a##eal is ma(e in front of 4##ellate aut$ority it may confirm, amen( or c$ange (ecision"it$in 30 (ays in res#ect of t$is a##eal an( t$e (ecision is communicate to bot$ t$e #arties an(t$e o"ner.

?$e (istrict court $as t$e #o"er to $ear t$e a##eals ma(e against t$e (ecision of com#etentaut$ority until t$e ombu(sman is not a##ointe( an( on $is a##ointment all #en(ing a##eals "illtransfer to $im.

-m#u(sman

Ombu(sman is a legal re#resentati&e usually a##ointe( by a go&ernment or organi7ation in t$einterest of general #ublic to in&estigate com#laint ma(e by in(i&i(uals against &iolation of any


10/22

rig$t. 4 #erson "$o "as or "$o is a :u(ge of $ig$ court is eligible to a##ointe( as anombu(sman.

-m#u(sman to en6uire into &omplaint

4ny em#loyee s$all $a&e a rig$t to ma(e com#laint in front of ombu(sman or inquirycommittee.

e after recei&ing com#laint "it$in 3 (ays issue notice to t$e accuse( an( if t$e accuse( fails to(eli&er "ritten (efense "it$in 5 (ays "it$out $a&ing any soun( reason, t$en ombu(sman may#rocee( e* #arte.

ot$ t$e #arties can re#resent t$emsel&es before $im. e s$all #rocee( accor(ing to t$e con(uctst$is act an( s$all in&estigate in t$e "ay "$ic$ $e consi(ere( t$e most a##ro#riate.

e can contact to organi7ation@s any member for t$e #ur#ose of in&estigation an( can (eman(for t$e #ro&ision of any ty#e of (ocumentary "$ic$ "ill be $el#ful in conclu(ing inquiry.

Ombu(sman s$all recor( $is (ecision an( bot$ t$e #arties an( t$e com#etent aut$ority.

Representation to "resi(ent or overnor

4ny #arty (isagree( "it$ t$e (ecision of ombu(sman ma/e a re#resentation to t$e resi(ent or

Co&ernor "it$in 30 (ays of (ecision accor(ing to t$e sub-section 5 of section A an( t$ey $a&e

t$e aut$ority to #ass it or amen( it.

"owers to the -m#u(sman

e $as t$e #o"er,

- ?o summone( anyone an( to obser&e it on oat$.- =nforce it to #resent e&i(ences.- ?a/e e&i(ence on affi(a&its.- Ma/e commission for t$e inquiry of "itnesses.

- For t$e #ur#ose of interrogation an( in&estigation $e can enters into #remises from "$ere$e e*#ecte( t$at $e can fin( information relate( to t$e case.

- e $as t$e #o"er similar as of a $ig$ court :u(ge an( in case of contem#t $e can #unis$

t$e guilty #erson.


11/22

Responsi#ility of $mployer

%t is t$e res#onsibility of em#loyer to ma/e t$e im#lementation of t$is act #ossible. rotection

against $arassment not only inclu(es in t$e com#any@s co(e of con(uct an( s$oul( not be limite(

to its management #olicy.

Management s$all (is#lay co#ies of t$e co(e in =nglis$ an( in ot$er languages "$ic$ ma:ority

of em#loyees un(erstan(s easily on noticeable #laces insi(e t$e organi7ation "it$in < mont$s of

its commencement.

0orms of Harassment

4ccor(ing to t$e #rotection of "omen at "or/#lace against $arassment act 2010, it occurs in 3

follo"ing formsE

- ui( #ro uo D4buse of 4ut$orityNE%t is a (eman( of se*ual fa&or by a #erson in aut$ority a su#er&isor, an em#loyer, a

#erson of $ig$er management ma/ing con(ition of obtaining certain benefits li/eo age increase, romotion, ?raining o##ortunities, ?ransfer, ob itself.

- 'reating a $ostile "or/ing en&ironmentEo 4ny un"elcome se*ual a(&ance.o Request for se*ual fa&or.o Ot$er &erbal or #$ysical con(uct.

o 4n offensi&e con(uct in&ol&ing #$ysical contact.$ic$ interference "it$ an in(i&i(ual@s "or/ #erformance or create an intimi(ating $ostile,

abusi&e or $ostile "or/ en&ironment.- RetaliationE

%t is t$e refusal to grant a se*ual fa&or can result in retaliation "$ic$ may inclu(eo !imiting t$e em#loyee@s o##ortunities for #romotion or training.o )istorting t$e e&aluation re#orts.o Cenerating gossi#s against t$e em#loyees.o !imiting "ays to access $erS$is rig$ts.

uc$ be$a&ior is also a #art of t$e $arassment.

.slami& "erspe&tive of )omen an( )orpla&e

O&er t$e #ast fe" (eca(es, se*ual $arassment becomes a common #$enomenon an( is gro"ingra#i(ly in t$e "or/#lace an( also in (ifferent sectors of life. ?$ese "ic/e( con(ucts are


12/22

negati&ely affecting t$e society, "$ereas /ee#ing t$e fact in min( t$at "omen $a&e to come outin to(ay@s society an( "or/.

Messenger of 4lla$ Mo$amma( DUN forbi((en all a&enues t$at can lea( to se*ual$arassment an( t$is inclu(es #ro$ibiting #eo#le of (ifferent gen(er from sitting or from $a&ing

(iscussion in a #ri&ate or out-of-t$e-"ay area.

Researc$ers $a&e foun( t$at se*ual $arassment e*#eriences are negati&ely associate( "it$ :obrelate( outcomes. ?$oug$ se*ual $arassment "as not clearly (efine( in a/istan, it accom#aniesot$er &iolent acts against "omen li/e suc$ as $onor /illing, (omestic &iolence etc.

?o #re&ent t$is (istressing #roblem, %slamic la" $as ma(e #ro&isions on matters t$at relate tose*ual $arassment. 'lear #ro&isions e*ist in bot$ %slam an( t$e 1983 a/istani constitution to#ro&i(e res#ect, safety an( equal rig$ts to "omen an( to #rotect t$eir $onor an( (ignity but"omen are still struggling to attain t$eir rig$ts because "e $a&e unfortunately a male-(ominate(

society.%slam $as em#$asi7e( an( $as gi&en significance im#ortance to t$e #rotection of "omen@s$onors an( (ignity. ?$e ur@an an( t$e unna$ of t$e ro#$et DUN re#eate(ly "arn against&iolating $uman (ignity an( $onor.

4lla$ D?N says

8Believers, let not some men among you ri(i&ule others9 it may #e that the latter are #etter

than the former: nor shoul( some women laugh at others: it may #e the latter are #etter

than the former: (o not (efame or #e sar&asti& to ea&h other, or &all ea&h other #y

;offensive< ni&names How #a( it is to earn an evil reputation after a&&epting the faith!

Those who (o not repent are evil+(oers=Al+Hu>urat ?@944

On t$e im#ortance of guar(ing an( #reser&ing t$e $onor of man, ro#$et Mu$amma( DUNstate( in a a(it$

8)hoever save( the honor of his #rother: Allah ?')T will save his &ountenan&e against

#laCe of fire on the 5ay of Du(gment=

From t$e abo&e statements "e conclu(e( t$at (ignity, mo(eration, #oliteness an( amiability $a&eal"ays been regar(e( as intrinsic "ort$ an( our religion (isa##ro&es su#eriority,(iscourteousness an( arrogance an( consi(ere( it as immoral #ractices.

How Hi>a# is foun(ation to avoi( Harassment


13/22

ar(a in %slam is necessary u#on e&ery "oman "$o is close to t$e age of teenage years or $asreac$e(. %t is necessary because it #re&ent it from (oing ill con(uct t$at can lea( to #ersuasion,so %slam #ro&i(e gui(elines as $o" to male-female must con(uct t$emsel&es "it$ one anot$er.

Meaning of Hi>a#

i:ab literally means screen, curtain, #artition an( concealment. 4s a &erb it means to concealoneself from t$e &ie". %n $ariXa$ t$e "or( means to com#letely $i(e one@s self from t$e &ie" oft$e non-me$ram D4 man "it$ "$om marriage is #ermissibleN. ?$e normal an( general rule ofi:ab is total #ri&acy an( segregation bet"een males an( females. %slam $as strongly em#$asi7e(t$e conce#t of #oliteness an( mo(esty in t$e interaction bet"een members of t$e o##osite se*.)ress co(e is #art of t$at o&erall teac$ing.

Eerses from the Holy Furan as Referen&e for Hi>a#

ar(a "as meant com#ulsory in t$e 5 4.. ?$ere are se&en &erses in oly ur@an about +ar(aof "omen an( 3 of t$em are in XSurah n Nur@ 6 of t$em are in XSurah l h!aaban( moret$an se&enty a(it$ relate( to it an( its im#ortance.

e "ill re&ie" fe" of t$ese $ere as reference for our stu(y relate( to "omen going outsi(eobser&ing ar(a an( t$is limitation "ill $el# us from "omen@s en( to not let ot$er to see face,"$ic$ is #reac$ing from our religion.

'urah An *ur Eerses ?Ara#i&9 GHI GHJKL, GThe LightG

8'ay to the #elieving men that9 they shoul( &ast (own their glan&es an( guar( their private

parts ?#y #eing &hase( This is #etter for them= ?2@93

?$is ura$ e*#lains us about &irtuousness, c$astity an( mo(esty. %t teac$es us t$at c$astity is+;ur an( (isloyalty is immorality an( t$erefore +)ar/ness. 4lla$ or(ere( men an( "omen to#rotect t$eir ga7e ot$er"ise it "ill lea(s t$em to"ar(s tem#tation. ?$ese &erses #ro&i(e usgui(eline to lo"er our ga7e because 4lla$@s /no"s better "$ere an( "$y our ga7e is #rocee(ing.

a7art 4bu uraira DR.4N narrates t$at t$e ro#$et D.4.N sai(,

0aith ?Belief &onsists of more than si%ty #ran&hes ?ie parts An( Haya ?mo(esty is apart of faith=

Moral (ecay is one of t$e consequences of misuse of t$e eyes. ?$e ro#$et D.4.N also a((e(t$at The eyes also commit zina and their zina is the lstfl loo!"


14/22

?$erefore, it is obligatory for a "oman to co&er $er entire bo(y. ?$is is furt$er strengt$ene( by aa(it$ "$ereby t$e ro#$et D.4.N says

+?$at t$e secon( glance is #ro$ibite(.

+ay to t$e belie&ing "omen t$atE t$ey s$oul( cast (o"n t$eir glances an( guar( t$eir #ri&ate#arts Dby being c$ase(N an( (o not (is#lay t$eir beauty e*ce#t "$at is a##arent an( t$ey s$oul(#lace t$eir &eils all o&er uyubi$inna Di.e., t$eir bo(ies, faces, nec/s an( bosoms, etc.N an( not tore&eal t$eir a(ornment e*ce#t to t$eir $usban(s, t$eir fat$ers, t$eir $usban(@s fat$ers, t$eir son@s,t$eir $usban(@s sons, t$eir brot$er, t$eir brot$er@s sons, or t$eir sister@s sons or t$eir DMuslimN"omen Di.e., t$eir sisters in %slamN or t$e DfemaleN sla&es "$om t$eir rig$t $an(s #ossess, or ol(males ser&ants "$o lac/ &igor, or small c$il(ren "$o $a&e no sense of t$e s$ame of se*. 4n( lett$em not stam# t$eir feet so as re&eal "$at t$ey $i(e of t$eir a(ornment. 4n( beg 4lla$ toforgi&e you all O belie&ers, t$at you may be successful. D26E31N

;o" in t$is Verse 4lla$ is gi&ing t$e same or(er to t$e "omen too but some more or(ers areinclu(e( in t$e rig$t of "omen. a7rat Umm = alma DR.4N narrates t$at,

+Once a7rat Memoona DR.4N an( % "ere sitting "it$ ro#$et DUN a7rat 4b(ulla$ inUmm = Maqtoom DR.4N Y$e "as blin(Z arri&e( an( #resente( $imself to $im. ro#$et DUNor(ere(, +Veil you from $im. % submitte( OT 4lla$@s 4#ostle t$at, +e is blin( an( unable to seeus. 4lla$@s 4#ostle re#lie(, t$at +4re you bot$ blin( tooB 4re you not casting your sig$t u#on$imB From t$is a(it$ it is re&eale( t$at ar(a is obligatory from blin( too

4not$er as#ect of follo"ing &erse is t$at "omen "$o $a&e (on@t s$o" t$eir embellis$ments offas "omen of early era (i( but somet$ing "$ic$ #robably remains o#en or "$ic$ is (ifficult to$i(e, li/e it is (ifficult to "or/ for "omen in $omes if s$e al"ays co&ers $er face an( $an(s. o,it@s not com#ulsory to co&er $er face, $an(s an( feet in $omes or in front of Me$ram butman(atory to co&er t$em in front of strangers.

#eaning of Adornment

4(ornment means a (ecorati&e (etail li/e 8>ewelry or &lothes="$ic$ "omen "ore to a((somet$ing more in $er beauty or to loo/ attracti&e. o, it is com#ulsory to co&er t$eir

embellis$ments in front of non-me$ram. %t is also a(&ise( to Muslim omen to co&ert$emsel&es in front of ;on-Muslim omen because t$ey are :ust li/e strangers Dnon-me$ramN tot$em. Virtuous "omen co&er t$emsel&es "it$ i:ab or &eil, "$ic$ #rotect t$em against any ty#eof immoral con(uct. $ereas, t$ere are ele&en #ersons from "$ic$ ar(a is not com#ulsory, t$eyare

4+ From $usban(s, fat$ers, $usban(@s fat$ers, sons


15/22

2+ From $usban(@s sons D"$ic$ are from ot$er "i&esN

+ From brot$ers, brot$er@s sons, sister@s sons

@+ From sister@s in %slam, ser&ants Dif t$ey are #iousN

I+ From small /i(s

omen are a(&ise( to "al/ in a manner t$at t$eir s$oe $eels (on@t #ro(uce any soun(. oun( ofs$oe $eels is li/e soun( of ornaments an( t$is soun( is attracti&e for strangers. o "omen $a&eto "al/ "it$out #ro(ucing any soun( or "it$ minimum soun(. imilarly, "omen s$oul(n@t a##ly#erfume in front of non-me$ram as it is strictly #ro$ibite( in %slam. 4lla$ comman(s Muslimomen not to (o literate acts li/e omen (i( before t$e arri&al of %slam ot$er"ise t$ere "ill be#unis$ment for t$em on t$e )ay of u(gment.

8An( as for women past &hil(#earing who (o not e%pe&t we(lo&, it is no sin on them if

they (is&ar( their ?outer &lothing in su&h a way as not to show their a(ornment But to

refrain ?ie, not to (is&ar( their outer &lothing is #etter for them An( Allah is all Hearing,

1nowing= ?2@9J3

omen are a(&ise( in t$e #re&ious &erses not to (isclose t$eir beauty in front of ot$ers. %n t$is&erse 4lla$ D..?N gi&es some or(ers to ol( age "omen t$at &eiling is not com#ulsory for t$em.?$ey can freely (o t$eir "or/ in $omes but "it$out s$o"ing t$eir a(ornments. ut if t$ey "ear+albab or burqa it "ill be goo( for t$em because 4lla$ /no"s better an( $ears better t$an us.

'Krat al + AhC# ?Ara#i&9 L[\]L GH^_, 8The oalition, The om#ine( 0or&esG

+4n( remain stay in your $ouses an( be not un&eile( li/e t$at of t$e un&eiling of t$e former (aysof ignorance, an( establis$ #rayer an( #ay t$e #oor-(ue DWa/atN an( obey t$e comman(s of 4lla$an( is Messenger. 4lla$ only (esires OT ?$e members of t$e family of t$e #ro#$etT ?$at emay remo&e from you e&ery uncleanness an( #urify you "ell after cleaning you t$oroug$ly.D33E33N

%n t$e abo&e &erse of oly ur@an, 4lla$ D..?N or(ers "omen to remain stay in t$eir $ouses,

"$ic$ means t$at "it$out any nee( "omen s$oul(n@t go outsi(e of t$eir $ouses. omen can go

outsi(e for meeting t$eir #arents an( family members or for enquiring after someone@s $ealt$ an(

for #erforming #ilgrimage.


16/22

%t "as narrate( t$at a7rat 4a@is$a$ DR.4N sai(E

+)uring t$e a:: t$e ri(ers use( to #ass by us "$en "e "ere "it$ t$e Messenger of 4lla$

D..U.N in %$raam, an( "$en t$ey (re" near to us "e "oul( lo"er our :ilbabs from our $ea(s

o&er our faces, t$en "$en t$ey $a( #asse( "e "oul( unco&er t$em again.

%t "as narrate( t$at 4sma@ bint 4bi a/r sai(E 8)e use( to &over our fa&es in front of men=

%n t$e re-%slamic #erio( "omen "ere "ent to mosques also. %f it is necessary for "omen to (o:ob t$ey can (o because most of t$e "omen are (oing :obs to run t$eir $ouse$ol( not to fulfillt$eir o"n "is$es but "omen s$oul( (o t$eir :obs "it$ &eils. it$out co&ering t$emsel&es t$ey

can@t (o :obs. %n or(er for "omen an( men to $a&e res#ectful relations$i#s suc$ as at t$e"or/#lace or sc$ool, among ot$ers, t$ey must focus on mo(esty in t$eir be$a&ior. ?$e ur@an#ro&i(es a s$iel( to "omen from #re&enting t$ese le"( acts in t$e s$a#e of +i:ab or (ecent(ress.

4lla$ gi&es anot$er or(er to "omen not to tal/ "it$ strangers in soft &oice ot$er"ise it "illcreate misun(erstan(ings in t$e $eart of strangers.

+4n( remember "$at is recite( in your $ouses of t$e signs of 4lla$ an( is "is(omUn(oubte(ly, 4lla$ /no"s e&ery subtlety, is 4"are. D33E36N

%slam em#o"ers "omen an( 4lla$ gi&es or(ers in t$e oly ur@an, "$ic$ #rotect "omen@s fromany ty#e of sins. ?$e &er&es of t$e ur@an state( t$at in or(er to #rotect one@s $onor an( (ignity4lla$ comman(e( "omen to co&er t$emsel&es "it$ &eil an( stay in t$eir $ouse an( "it$out anynee( (on@t go outsi(e. ?$ese #re&enti&e measures "ill #rotect t$em from any ty#e of $arassment.

a7rat 4a@is$a$ i(@(iqua DR.4N narrates t$at t$e "i&es of t$e ro#$et D..U.N use( to go outat nig$t to X4l-Manaasi@ D"ell /no"n #laces in t$e (irection of X4l-aqee@N to relie&e t$emsel&esan( a7rat Umar DR.4N use( to say to t$e ro#$et D..U.N, +!et your "i&es be &eile(. ut t$eMessenger of 4lla$ D..U.N (i( not (o t$at. ?$en one nig$t a7rat a"(a$ bint Wam@a$ DR.4N,t$e "ife of t$e ro#$et D..U.N, "ent out at X%s$a@ time an( s$e "as a tall "oman. a7ratUmar in /$itab DR.4N calle( out to $erE +e $a&e recogni7e( you, O a"(a$T $o#ing t$at$i:ab "oul( be re&eale( an( t$en 4lla$ D..?N re&eale( t$e &erse of $i:ab

?$e oly ro#$et D.4.N foun( a7rat Umar@s DR.4N suggestion t$at $is D.4.N "i&es s$oul(obser&e t$e &eil &ery (esirable because #ersons of (iffering manners an( natures &isit t$e $ousesof t$e as ro#$et D.4.N. o"e&er, $e "as unable to turn t$e suggestion into #ractice as t$e


17/22

ro#$et D.4.N "as in (i&ine re&elation. $ortly after"ar(s t$e re&elation of i:ab "asre&eale( successi&ely. ?$e first of t$e re&elations concerning i:ab is as follo"sE

+O you "$o belie&eT =nter not t$e ro#$et@s $ouses, unless #ermission is gi&en to you for a

meal, Dan( t$enN not Das early asN to "ait for its #re#aration. ut "$en you are in&ite(, enter, an(

"$en you $a&e ta/en your meal, (is#erse "it$out sitting for a tal/. Verily, suc$ Dbe$a&iorN

annoys t$e ro#$et, an( $e is s$y of Das/ingN you Dto goN but 4lla$ is not s$y of Dtelling youN t$e

trut$. 4n( "$en you as/ D$is "i&esN for anyt$ing you "ant, as/s t$em from be$in( a screen t$at

is #urer for your $earts an( for t$eir $earts. 4n( it is not Drig$tN for you t$at you s$oul( annoy

4lla$@s Messenger, nor t$at you s$oul( e&er marry $is "i&es after $im D$is (eat$N. Verily, "it$

4lla$ t$at s$all be an enormity. D33E 53N

?$e first Verse concerning i:ab re&eale( in t$e 5t$ i:ri D4.N on t$e XRece#tion@ of t$e olyro#$et D..U.N an( a7rat Wayn@ab int-=-a$as$ DR.4N %t "as narrate( from %bn $i$aab

t$at 4nas sai(E

8)hen the Messenger of Allah ?"BUH marrie( HaCrat Nayna# Bint+$+Dahash ?RA,

whom he marrie( in Ma(ina, he invite( the people to a meal after the sun ha( risen The

Messenger of Allah ?"BUH sat (own an( some men sat aroun( him after the people ha(

left, until the Messenger of Allah ?"BUH stoo( up an( wale( a while, an( . wale( with

him, until he rea&he( the (oor of OAaishahs apartment Then he thought that they ha( left

so he went #a& an( . went #a& with him, an( they were still sitting there He went #a&

again, an( . went with him, until he rea&he( the (oor of OAaishahs apartment, then he

&ame #a& an( . &ame #a& with him, an( they ha( left Then he (rew a &urtain #etween

me an( him, an( the verse of hi>a# was reveale(=

%n t$e follo"ing &erses 4lla$ ma/e i:ab obligatory for "omen, it is for t$e #rotection of

"omen, it "ill not lea( to"ar(s tem#tation.

+O ro#$etT ?ell your "i&es an( your (aug$ters an( t$e "omen of t$e belie&ers to (ra" t$eir

cloa/s D&eilsN all o&er t$eir bo(ies Di.e. screen t$emsel&es com#letely e*ce#t t$e eyes or one eye

to see t$e "ayN. ?$at "ill be better, t$at t$ey s$oul( be /no"n Das free res#ectable "omenN so as

not to be annoye(. 4n( 4lla$ is e&er forgi&ing an( most Merciful. D33E59N


18/22

?$ere are t$ree /in(s of #ar(a in %slam

1- i:ab bil %s$/$as bil ayoot2- i:ab bil urqa3- $ari$ #ar(a

i:ab il %s$/$as il urqa

ura$ 4l 4$7aab &erses e*#lains t$is /in( of ar(a. +il %s$/$as means ar(a from non-

me$rams. omen $a&e to (o (ecent (ressing "$ic$ com#lying "it$ t$e teac$ings of %slam.)ecent (resses s$o" "omen mo(esty an( it is com#ulsory to co&er t$eir bo(y #ro#erly in frontstrangers.

One a7rat Musa D4.N "as tra&elling, (uring $is :ourney $e D4.N sa" a cro"( of #eo#le Damale cro"(N "ere #ouring "ater from "ell for t$eir cattle@s an( t"o la(ies "ere stan(ing on onesi(e of t$e male cro"(. ?$ose la(ies "ere t$e (aug$ters of a7rat $oaib D4.N Ye D4.N "asro#$et of t$at timeSeraZ. a7rat Musa D4.N (isli/e( t$is t$at la(ies "ere stan(ing in gents an(as/e( t$ose girls, +$y are you stan(ing besi(e t$e cro"(B ?$e la(ies re#lie(, +Our fat$er isol(, "e came $ere because our cattle@s are t$irsty an( "e are "aiting "$en t$ese "ill free t$en

"e ser&e "ater to our animals. ?$ose la(ies "ere fully co&ere( "$ereas t$e i:ab "as notobligatory in a7rat $oaib@s D4.N +$aria.

+il ayoot means t$at 4lla$ or(ers "omen to remains in t$eir $omes. %t is better for t$em.

i:ab il urqa


19/22

i:ab from t$e beginning of t$e "orl( is man(atory. $en $aitan in +anna$ cast tem#tationin t$e $eart of a7rat a"a D4.N an( a7rat 4(am D4.N t$at if t$ey eat fruit from t$e forbi((entree t$ey "ill become X4ngels@ an( li&e eternally t$ere. ?$ey D4.N influence( an( eats fruit.4fter :ust ta/ing a bite of t$at fruit a7rat 4(am D4.N an( ibi a"a D4.N becomes clot$ lessbut t$ey $a&e (i&ine@s /no"le(ge so, t$ey imme(iately co&er t$emsel&es "it$ t$e +!ea&es of

anna$D /no"n as arq-ul-anna$N. e can conclu(e from t$is inci(ent t$at ar(a is in t$enature of $uman being. e $as a sense an( can :u(ge bet"een rig$teous an( "ort$-less t$ingsan( ar(a is com#ulsory of bot$ men an( "omen.

i:ab bil urqa is also /no"n as +i:ab un ;isa. omen $a&e to co&er t$emsel&es "it$ longco&erlets. 'o&erlet is long clot$es "$ic$ co&ers a "oman from Xea( to ?oe@. +albab "or( isuse for t$em in oly ur@an.

$ari$ ar(a

$ari$ ar(a means to co&er one@s self from non-me$ram. ?$e ur@an not only outlines t$ecriteria of mo(est (ressing but also gi&es t$e reasons to (o so, as foun( in t$e &erses abo&e. ?$eur@an (escribes t$e criteria of (ressing for "omen "$ic$ s$o"s t$eir mo(esty. ?$e &erses an(t$e a(it$ states t$at Muslim "oman s$oul( be #ro#erly co&ere( in t$e #resence of strangersan( non-me$ram relati&es. a7rat Mu$amma( D.4.N states in a $a(it$

"Haaya is an important and compulsory part of #maan$ if one of them lifts the other one will

automatically lifted up"

e can conclu(e t$at ar(a is in(irectly relate( to our %maan because it s$o"s mo(esty DaayaN.

.s fa&e veil man(atory or re&ommen(e(7

%t`s a long (ebate, some sc$ools of t$oug$t li/e %mam Mali/, %mam $afi an( 4$me( inambal consi(ere( it com#ulsory but some consi(ere( is as o#tional li/e %mam anfi.

?$ey t$oug$t it s (ifficult for "omen to manage t$eir routine "or/ if t$ey co&er t$eir faces but if

it lea(s to"ar(s any misc$ief t$an it is com#ulsory.

%n some Muslim countries, suc$ as au(i 4rabia an( %ran, it is com#ulsory for "omen to "ear

t$e i:ab at "or/#lace an( in t$e sc$ools, "$ile ot$er countries suc$ as =gy#t, or(an, yria,

4lgeria, an( osnia an( in among many ot$ers, it is merely o#tional an( not force( u#on t$e

"oman.

o"e&er, in some Muslim countries, ma:ority of t$e "omen #refer to a(orn t$e $i:ab, li/e in

emen an( in Unite( 4rab =mirates. imilarly, in Malaysia, it is o#tional for Muslim girls to

"ear $i:ab in sc$ools. o"e&er, in t$e %slamic organi7ations an( institutions of $ig$er learning,


20/22

it is com#ulsory for its staff an( stu(ents to "ear t$e $i:ab an( (ress accor(ing to %slamic (ress

co(e an( (is#lay #ro#er %slamic et$ics.

on&lusion from .slami& perspe&tive

%slam is com#lete co(e of life an( suggesting bot$ men an( "omen to remain in certain (efine(

limits. ?$is is e&i(ent from ur@an an( a(it$ t$at "$at cause an( effects are for a($ere t$ose

#ractices %slam suggeste( an( t$ose can easily be fulfille( in to(ay@s "orl(B %slam (oesn@t sto#

"omen@s to "or/ in society but t$ere are certain #ractices "$ic$ "or/ing men an( "omen bot$

$a&e to #ractice in or(er to (e&elo# society "it$ great &alues, (ignity an( #oliteness.

"ra&ti&al .mpli&ation with some insights

4s a #art of stu(y from #ractical life, "e $a&e stu(ie( ri&ate sector organi7ation "or/ing ina/istan +;! Financial !imite( an( met "it$ its =m#loyee Relation uman ResourceManager.

e got to /no" some facts about t$is organi7ation "it$ managing to(ay@s (i&ersity in culturean( gen(er t$ey a($ere to com#ly +Protection against Harassment of women Act 2010 an(getting recognition from 444.

;! Financial a/istan $as :oine( ran/s of 665 com#anies in a/istan com#lying 4ct,2010. 4ccor(ing to e*ual arassment atc$ ;! Financial is (eclare( +Cen(er Frien(lyOrgani7ation title.

eing a Cen(er Frien(ly Organi7ation t$eir %slamaba(-base( office no" also a($eres to t$e act`s'o(e of 'on(uct mentione( in ection 1 of 4ct 2010. ?$is requires t$em tocommunicate to all staff t$at t$e co(e is no" #art of com#any #olicy. 'ommittee accountable forenforcing t$e co(e an( in&estigating cases broug$t to its attention t$e #ublic (is#lay of t$e co(e,a seminar for em#loyees on t$e ne" legislation.

%he ob&ecti'e is to create a safe and dignified working en'ironment for men and womenemployees that is free of se(ual harassment$ abuse and intimidation and with a 'iew to enable

higher producti'ity and a better )uality of life at work


21/22

a/istan`s (irector of uman Resources, Mr. $era7 rim, belie&es it is t$e res#onsibility ofe&ery in(i&i(ual to re#ort cases to em#$asi7e t$at ;! a/istan $as 7ero tolerance for$arassment un(er t$is bin(ing #olicy un(er a/istani legislation.

#t is our legal and moral duty to transform the organi!ational culture so that young employees

can take inspiration and guidance for li'ing empowered li'es$" he said.

=arning t$e Cen(er Frien(ly Organi7ation label "ill foster a &ery #ositi&e image of t$e

organi7ation "it$ e*isting em#loyees, #otential em#loyees, em#loyer bran(ing initiati&es,

sta/e$ol(ers an( t$e community at large, =m#loyee Relations Manager amia amar sai(.

ui(an&e an( Awareness

;! a/istan (oes $a&e gui(elines an( a"areness #rograms for all of its em#loyees "it$ regularin-$ouse training an( refres$ers for all em#loyees on un(erstan(ing gen(er base( (i&ersity an(

managing c$allenging an( a((ressing un(er #re&ailing legislation. Moreo&er t$ey are recently

turning to #resent =t$ics an( =t$ical a(&ocate committee, "$ic$ "ill be obser&ing miscon(ucts

an( a((ressing t$ose as +%nquiry 'ommittee un(er section 1 of 4ct 2010. ?$ey

moreo&er $a&e s#ecially +0emale Mentorship ommittee consisting belo" structure

- ermanent Members- Rotating Members- onorary Members

Role of 0M

- Cat$er fee(bac/ an( act as liaison bet"een male an( female issues- ?o 'oor(inate an( counsel females staff for "or/#lace issues- ?o escalate im#ortant matters of females, as nee(e(- ?o ma/e females rea(y for c$allenges an( ma/ing t$em more mobili7e( t$roug$ se#arate

acti&ities- ?o coac$ t$em se#arately for #rofessional (e&elo#ment an( o##ortunities


22/22

Referen&e an( Bi#liography

1. un:ab 'o(e, Co&ernment of a/istan $tt#ESS#un:abco(e.#un:ab.go&.#/S2. 444 a #ri&ate sector ;CO $tt#ESS""".aas$a.org.#/S3. Me$ergar$ a #ri&ate sector ;CO $tt#ESSme$ergar$.orgS6. Fe(eral Ombu(sman ecretariat For rotection 4gainst arassment of omen 4t or/

lace $tt#ESS""".fos-#a$.go&.#/S5. ura$ 4l-u:urat D69E11N

business law _ final report fall 2005

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