business policy 2nd paper question bank tanbircox

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eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM (2q cÎ)

(e¨vswKs I wegv)

Aa¨vq m~wP

Aa¨vq bs Aa¨v‡qi bvg c„ôv bs

e¨vswKs

cÖ_g e¨vsK eë¯’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv

(Primary Knowledge of Banking System)

213 227

wØZxq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK (Central Bank) 228237

Z…Zxq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK (Commercial Bank) 238245

PZz_© e¨vsK wnmve (Bank Account) 246255

cÂg †PK (Cheque) 256265

lô e¨vsK Znwe‡ji eënvi (Uses of Bank’s Fund) 266273

mßg •e‡`wkK wewbgq (Foreign Exchange) 274279

wegv

Aóg wegv eë¯’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv (Basic Concept of Insurance) 280287

beg Rxeb wegv (Life Insurance) 288296

`kg †bŠ-wegv (Marine Insurance) 297305

GKv`k AwMœwegv (Fire Insurance) 306314

Øv`k wewea wegv (Miscellaneous Insurance) 315322

K‡jR wbe©vPbx cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ) 323349

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj) 350361

†evW© cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) 362364



eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

e¨vswKs cÖ_g Aa¨vq: e¨vsK eë ’vi cÖv_wgK Ávb

Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ Ávb I Abyaveb

1. e¨vsK Kx ?

2. e¨vswKs Kx ?

3. e¨vsKvi †K ?

4. †`Dwjqv †K ?

5. AvaywbK e¨vsK eë¯’vi c~e©m~ix Kviv ?

6. e¨vsK eë ’vq Zvij¨ Kx ?

7. GKK e¨vsK Kx ?

8. kvLv e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

9. †PBb e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

10. MÖyc e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

11. mÂq / AvgvbZ e¨vsK Kx ?

12. wewb‡qvM e¨vsK Kx ?

13. wgkÖ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

14. gv‡P©›U e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

15. ¯vqËkvwmZ e¨vsK Kx ?

16. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

17. B‡j±ªwbK e¨vswKs / B-e¨vswKs Kx ?

18. G wU Gg Kx ?

19. †µwWU KvW© Kx ?

20. †WweU KvW© Kx ?

21. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx ?

22. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

23. e¨vs‡Ki m”QjZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

24. e¨vs‡Ki ‡MvcwbqZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

25. ‘Safty first` e¨vsK eëmv‡qi †ÿ‡Î K_vwUi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki|

26. e¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK †Kb ?

27. e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

28. Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK ?

29. kvLv e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs e¨ve ’v

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e e¨vs‡Ki †kÖYx wefvM, e¨vs‡Ki g~jbxwZ, ZvwjKvfz³KiY, B-e¨vswKs, Mªyc e¨vswKs, †PBb e¨vswKs|



Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

ii

wØZxq Aa¨vq: †K› ªxq e¨vsK Ávb I Abyaveb

1. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx ?

2. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Kx ?

3. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K ÔMother of Central Bank` e‡j ?

4. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Kx ?

5. g~ ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ?

7. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

8. wewnZ gy ªv Kx ?

9. e¨vsK nvi Kx ?

10. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ Kx ?

11. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii e¨vsK ejv nq Ges †Kb ?

12. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ Kx ?

13. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ Kx ?

14. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K GKK I Abb¨ cÖwZôvb ejv nq Ges †Kb ?

15. F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j ?

16. †fv³v FY wbqš¿Y Kx ?

17. wbKvk Ni Kx ?

18. bM` Rgv Aek¨KZv Kx ?

19. wewae× Zvij¨ Aek¨KZv Kx ? cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ, wbKvk Ni, A_© mieivn, ‡K &ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Ávb I Abyaveb

1. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx ?

2. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx ?

3. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ Kx ?

4. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ Kx ?

5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bZybZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ Kx ?

6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ‡MvcbxqZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

7. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji g~j Drm ‡KvbwU ?

8. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ Kx ?

9. †µwWU KvW© Kx ?

10. e¨vsK Wªvd&U ev e¨vs‡Ki AÁvcÎ Kx ?




iii

11. †c-AW©vi Kx ?

12. e¨vsK wbðqZv mb` Kx ?

13. FY wKfv‡e AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i ?

14. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K ¯í‡gqvw` F‡Yi e¨vemvqx e‡j Ges †Kb ?

15. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx ?

16. B-e¨vswKs Kx ?

17. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Kx ?

18. FY AvgvbZ m„wó ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. mybv‡gi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

20. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

21. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q bv †Kb ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e

evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bxwZgvjv, evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó, evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx

PZz_© Aa¨vq: e¨vsK wnmve Ávb I Abyaveb

1. e¨vsK Kx ?

2. e¨vsK wnmve Kx ?

3. e¨vsK cvm eB Kx ?

4. mÂqx wnmv‡e cvm eB‡qi Acwinvh©Zv n«vm cv‡”Q †Kb ?

5. bgybv m¦v¶i KvW© Kx ?

6. Rgv iwm` Kx ?

7. mÂqx wnmve Kx ?

8. PjwZ wnmve Kx ?

9. ’vqx wnmve Kx ?

10. e¨vsK wnmve weeiYx Kx ?

11. we‡kl PjwZ wnmve Kx ?

12. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK ?

13. mvavib mÂqx wnmve Kx ?

14. †cbkb ev we‡kl mÂqx wnmve Kx ?

15. †cŠbtcywbK wnmve Kx ?

16. †PK eB Kx ?

17. ’vqx AvgvbZ iwm` Kx ?

18. ˆe‡`wkK gy ªv AbvevwmK wnmve / (F.C. Account) Kx ?

19. wnmve Lyj‡Z cwiPqKi‡bi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o †Kb ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv Rb¨ co‡e

e¨vsK wnmv‡ei cÖKvi‡f`




iv

cÂg Aa¨vq: †PK Ávb I Abyaveb

1. †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

2. ûKzg †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

3. we‡klfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

4. †P‡Ki Agh©v`v ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

5. †P‡Ki Av‡`óv †K ?

6. mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

7. †P‡Ki Avw`ó †K ?

8. evwm †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

9. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

10. `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

11. evnK †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

12. duvKv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

13. †P‡Ki cÖvcK †K ?

14. †PK‡K cÖvgvY¨ `wjj wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv nq †Kb?

15. gv‡K©U †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

16. ågbKvixi †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

17. AwMÖg †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

18. †P‡Ki c¶ KqwU ?

19. †P‡Ki cÖZviYv ev RvwjqvwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

20. KZ mgq GKwU †PK êa _v‡K ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

21. Kxfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK `vMwenxb †PK n‡Z Avjv`v ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

22. e¨vsK I †P‡Ki DrcwË †Kb mgmvgwqK ? e¨L¨v Ki|

23. KZ mv‡ji AvBb Øviv †P‡Ki eënvi n‡q _v‡K?

24. †PK I wewbgq we‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|

25. D‡Ëvjb wPVv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

26. cÖK…Z aviK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

27. †P‡K `vMKvUvi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|

28. Kxfv‡e eëmv‡q †P‡Ki D™¢e nq ?

29. †P‡Ki cÖ ‘ZKviK‡K Kx e‡j ?

30. `vMKvUv †PK Kxfv‡e AwaK wbivcËv cÖ vb K‡i ?

31. wbqš¿Y g~jK `vMKvUv †PK Kx ?

32. †P‡K GKevi `vMKvUvi ci †K Avevi Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z cv‡i ?

33. bU †b‡Mvwk‡qej K_vwU e¨L¨v Ki|

34. †WweU KvW© Kx ?

35. kZ©mv‡c‡¶ Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?




v

36. `vMKvUv †PK Kxfv‡e FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

37. †PK‡K GK ai‡bi n ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj ejv nq †Kb ?

38. †P‡Ki A_© wewnZ gy ªvq cwi‡kva¨ †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

39. †P‡K A‡_©i cwigvb Kxfv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq e¨vL¨v Ki|

40. †P‡K `vM KvU‡Z cv‡i †K ?

41. mxwgZ Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

42. †PK cÖ ‘Z cÖYvjx e¨vL¨v Ki|

43. evwZj †PK Kx ?

44. †PK msMÖn Kivi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|

45. †P‡K `vMKvUvi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|

46. Dcnvi †PK Kx ?

47. †P‡K †Kv_vq Ges †Kb ZvwiL †jLv nq ?


†P‡Ki cÖKvi‡f`, †P‡Ki c¶, †P‡Ki Agh©v`v, `vMKvUv †P‡Ki †kÖYxwefvM

lô Aa¨vq: e¨vsK Znwe‡ji e¨envi Ávb I Abyaveb

1. e¨vsK Znwej Kx ?

2. e¨vsK FY Kv‡K e‡j ?

3. e¨vs‡Ki AMvg Kx ?

4. avi Kv‡K e‡j ?

5. bM` FY Kx ?

6. RgvwZwi³ FY Kx ?

7. `wjjx FY ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

8. cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx ?

9. e¨vs‡Ki AÁvcÎ Kx ?

10. †c-AW©vi Kx ?

11. e¨vsK M¨vivw›U cÎ Kx ?

12. åvg¨gvb †bvU Kx ?

13. ågbKvixi ‡PK Kx ?

14. åvg¨gvb cÖZ¨qcÎ Kv‡K e‡j ?

15. wbwðZ cÖZ¨qcÎ Kv‡K e‡j ?

16. N~Y©vqgvb cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx ?

17. ågbKvixi cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx ?

18. RvgvbZhy³ FY Kx ?

19. wj‡qb ev c~e© Z¡ Kx ?




vi

20. cY¨ eÜK Kx ?

21. AwZwi³ RvgvbZ Kx ?

22. weµq‡hvM¨ RvgvbZ Kx ?

23. e¨vsK Znwe‡ji wbR¯ Drm ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?


e¨vsK F‡Yi †kÖYxwefvM, Rvgvb‡Zi cÖKvi‡f`, Rvgvb‡Zi we‡eP¨ welq, cÖZ¨qc‡Îi †kÖYxwefvM

mßg Aa¨vq: ê‡`wkK wewbgq Ávb I Abyaveb

1. ê‡`wkK wewbgq Kx ?

2. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖiY Kx ?

3. ê‡`wkK wewbgq wej Kx ?

4. wewbgq nvi Kv‡K e‡j ?

5. µq¶gZvi mgZv ZË¡ Kx ?

6. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb ZË¡ Kx ?

7. fvmgvb gy ªv Kx ?

8. Uªv‡fjvm© †PK m¤ú‡K© avib `vI|

9. ¯Y©gvb c×wZ ej‡Z wK eySvq ?

10. WvK‡hv‡M A_© †cÖiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?


wewbgq nvi wba©vib c×wZ, we‡`‡k A_© †cÖiY, wewbgq nvi DVv-bvgvi KviY

Aóg Aa¨vq: wegv

wegv m¤ú‡K© †gŠwjK aviYv Ávb I Abyaveb

1. wegv Kx ?

2. SuywK Kx ?

3. wegv Pzw³ Kx ?

4. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© Kx ?

5. mwØk¦v‡mi bxwZ Kx ?

6. ’jvwfwl³Ki‡Yi bxwZ Kx ?

7. AvbycvwZK mvnv‡hï bxwZ Kx ?

8. Rxeb wegv Kx ?

9. †bŠ-wegv Kx ?

10. `vq wegv Kx ?

11. wcÖwgqvg Kv‡K e‡j ?




vii

12. wek¦ ÍZv wegv Kx ?

13. Rxeb wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx ?

14. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx ?

15. wbðqZvi Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?


wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb/g~jbxwZ, wegvi †kÖYxwefvM

beg Aa¨vq: Rxeb wegv Ávb I Abyaveb

1. Rxeb wegv Kx ?

2. AvRxeb wegvcÎ Kx ?

3. †gqvw` wegvcÎ Kx ?

4. mvgwqK wegvcÎ Kx ?

5. †hŠ_ ev hyM¥ wegv Kx ?

6. †Mvôx wegv Kx ?

7. g„Zy nvi cwÄ Kx ?

8. mgc©Y g~j¨ Kx ?

9. †evbvm Kv‡K e‡j ?

10. e„wË e¨e¯’v Kx ?

11. mgwKw Í cwiKíbv Kx ?

12. bxU wcÖwgqvg Kx ?

13. DËivwaKvixi mb` Kx ? cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e

Rxeb wegvi †kÖYxwefvM, Rxeb wegvi m¤úv`b cÖwµqv, mgc©Y g~j¨, g„Zz nvi cwÄ, evwl©K e„wËi cÖKvi‡f`

`kg Aa¨vq: †bŠ-wegv Ávb I Abyaveb

1. †bŠ-wegv Kx ?

2. †bŠ-wegvq ’jvwfwl³KiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. †bŠ-wegvq AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. †bŠ-wegvq Ae¨³ kZ© ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. RvnvR wegv Kx ?

6. cY¨ wegv Kx ?

7. †bŠ-`vq wegv Kx ?

8. hvÎv wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. mgq wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?




viii

11. j‡qW&m-Gi wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. †bŠ-wec` Kx ?

13. mvgwMÖK ¶wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ¶wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. mg~‡`ª cY¨ wb‡¶cY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

16. enbcÎ ev Pvjvbx iwm` ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

17. PvU©vi cvwU© ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

18. †bŠ-wegv‡K ¶wZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv nq †Kb ?

19. Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

20. mvg~w`ªK ¶wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

21. †Kvb wegvi ga¨ w`‡q wegv e¨emvq hvÎv ïiy K‡i ?

22. †bŠ-wegvi ¯Z¡vc©Y ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

23. fvov ev gvïj wegv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e †bŠ-wegvc‡Îi †kÖYxwefvM, †bŠ-wegv Pzw³i kZ©vejx, †bŠ-wec`, mvgyw`ªK ¶wZi cÖKvi‡f`, cY¨ wb‡¶cY

GKv`k Aa¨vq: AwMœwegv Ávb I Abyaveb

1. AvaywbK AwMœwegvi RbK †K ?

2. AwMœwegv Kx ?

3. ’jvwfwl³Kib ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. ¶wZc~i‡bi Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. cÖZ¨¶KviY bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. MocoZv wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. AwMœRwbZ ¶wZ ev AcPq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. †bwZK SuywK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

11. AwMœwegvq AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. †Kvb wegvq ˆbwZK SuywKi gvÎv me‡P‡q †ewk ?

13. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx ?

15. AwMœRwbZ SuywK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e AwMœwegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, AwMœwegvc‡Îi †kÖYxwefvM, AwMœwegvi SuywKi cÖKvi‡f`

Øv`k Aa¨vq: wewea wegv




ix

Ávb I Abyaveb

1. `yN©Ubv wegv Kx ?

2. e¨w³MZ `yN©Ubv wegv Kx ?

3. ¯v ’ wegv Kv‡K e‡j ?

4. mvgvwRK wegv Kx ?

5. km¨ wegv Kx ?

6. Mevw` cï wegv Kx ?

7. WvK Rxeb wegv Kx ?

8. cybex©gv Kx ?

9. ˆØZwegv Kx ?

10. MY`vq wegv Kx ?

11. †gvUiMvwo wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI|

12. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb wegv me‡P‡q cyi‡bv ?

13. ißvwb wegv ev ißvwb FY wegv Kx ?

14. ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg ej‡Z Kx eyS ?


`yN©Ubv wegv, `yN©Ubv wegvi cÖKvi‡f`, `vq wegv, ¯v ’ wegv, gUiMvox wegv, km¨ wegv, Mevw`cï wegv, ißvwb

wegv, ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U wegv, WvK wegv, †PŠh© wegv, ˆØZ wegv, cybtwegv



1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. dyqv` I Zvi mggbv 15Rb D‡`¨v³v evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K 400 †KvwU UvKv Rgv †i‡L GKwU eëmvq cÖwZôvb ïiæ K‡i| Zviv A_© wb‡q eëmvq Ki‡e e‡j wVK K‡i| Zv‡ì GB KvRwU gyjab MVb I wewb‡qv‡M Ae`vb ivL‡e| K. e¨vsKvi †K? 1 L. e¨vsK‡K avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv`‡ì MwVZ eëmvq msMVbwU wK? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. e¨vsK Kx g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki ˆbwZK wbqš¿Y NUvq? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 DËi: K. e¨vsK eëmv‡q wjß †h †Kvb e¨w³‡KB e¨vsKvi e‡j|

L. e¨vsK n‡jv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avw_©K eëmvqx cÖwZôvb, hv GKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e A_© MÖnY K‡i Ges D³ A_© Ab¨‡K avi †`q| e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU Avw_©K ga¨ ’ eëmvqx cÖwZôvb hvi KvR n‡jv ¯í my‡` ev jv‡f AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z A_© msMÖn ev avi MÖnY Ges D³ avi Kivi A_© Avevi D”P my‡` ev jv‡f Ab¨‡ì avi †`qv| †h e¨vsK Giƒc avi MÖnY I avi cÖ v‡b Avw_©K mdjKvg Zv‡KB `ÿ e¨vsK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| ZvB ejv hvq, e¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ev eëmvqx|

M. DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv‡ì MwVZ eëmvq msMVbwU e¨vsK| †h mKj Avw_©K ga¨ ’ eëmvq cÖwZôvb Zv‡ì mvaviY eëmvwqK Kvh© wn‡m‡e wewfbœ AvgvbwZ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g A_© Rgv iv‡L, FY †`q, wewb‡qvM K‡i, A‡_©i †jb‡`b I †mB mv‡_ wej I eÐ evÆv K‡i Ges †PK, WªvdU, †c AW©vi BZ¨vw` Bmy I Zvi gh©v`v cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡ì‡K e¨vsK e‡j|

GB cÖwZôvbwU MV‡bi mgq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K cÖv_wgK Rgv 400 †KvwU UvKv cÖ vb K‡i Zvi A_© wb‡qB eëmvq K‡i| Zv‡ì GB Kg©KvÛ mÂq e„w× K‡i, g~jab MVb K‡i, wewb‡qv‡M mvnvh¨ K‡i †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡L|

DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv` mggbv 15 Rb eëmvqx‡K wb‡q eëmvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cÖwZôvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q 400 †KvwU UvKv Rgv †`q| Zvi A_© wb‡qB eëmvq Ki‡e| Zv‡ì MwVZ GB eëmvq cÖwZôvbwUi êwkó¨ e¨vs‡Ki êwk‡óï mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv`‡ì MwVZ eëmvq msMVbwU GKwU e¨vsK|

N. g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vsK e vcK Ae`vb iv‡L e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi| wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q Ajmfv‡e c‡o _vKv A_© GKwÎZ K‡i g~jab MVb Kiv hvq| Giæc g~jab eëmvq evwY‡Rï Dbœq‡b e¨vsK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Avi GB g~jab eëmvq evwY‡R¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i A_©vr wewb‡qvM K‡i Avq/gybvdv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e|

e¨vsK †h‡nZz Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, A_© wb‡qB †m eëmvq K‡i| ZvB e¨vsK g~jab MVb I wewb‡qvM mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K cÖwZôvbwU GKwU e¨vsK| Avi e¨vsK nIqvq GwU g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb NUvq| e¨vsK wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q Ajmfv‡e c‡o _vKv A_© e¨vsK wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e msMÖn K‡i| Giƒc ÿz ª ÿz ª mwÂZ Avgvb‡Zi avivB g~jab MwVZ nq| Avi †h‡Kvb †`‡kB Giƒc g~jab eëmvq evwY‡Rï Dbœq‡bi cÖavb Aej¤‡bi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Gfv‡e g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wg. dzqv‡ì e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡cyY© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

myZivs ej‡Z cvwi, g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb NUvq|

e¨vsK eë¯’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv Primary Knowledge of Banking

Aa¨vq

1



eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ e¨vsK eë ’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv

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2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: 1978 mv‡ji w`‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi n‡j _vKZvg| evwo †_‡K UvKv cvVv‡j Zv †c‡Z †ek KÕw`b †j‡M †h‡Zv| GLb Avgvi GK fvwZRv XvKvq c‡o| Zvi evev ’vbxq e¨vsK kvLvq UvKv Rgv †`q| DbœZ cÖhyw³i myev‡` cuvP wgwbU c‡iB fvwZRv †PK †K‡U XvKvq UvKv DVvq| †PK KvUviI cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| DbœZ cÖhyw³i †mevi cÖwZ MÖvnK‡ì h‡_ó AvMÖn jÿŸxq| evsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jvi h‡_ó myweav I mvg_© _vKvi ciI DbœZ cÖhyw³i Afv‡e Zviv wcwQ‡q co‡Q| K. kvLv e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨ e¨vs‡Ki Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K †h ai‡bie e¨vswKs Gi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs e‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Òevsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv A‡bK myweav I mvg_© _vKvi ciI wcwQ‡q co‡QÓ- Zzwg Kx G e³‡eï mv‡_ GKgZ? g‡Zi ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †h e¨vswKs e¨ve ’vq GKwU cÖavb Kvh©vj‡qi Aax‡b †`‡k-we‡`‡k kvLv cÖwZôv K‡i e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Ges kvLv Awdm¸‡jv cÖavb Awd‡mKi wb‡ ©k I wbqg-Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ _v‡K Zv‡K kvLv e¨vsK ev kvLv e¨vswKs e‡j|

L. GKwU †`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvbvi g‡a¨ †h µq-weµq Kvh© AbywôZ nq Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨ e‡j|

Af¨šÍixY evwY‡Rï †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK¸‡jvi h‡_ó Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| e¨vsKmg~n eëmvqxMY‡K g~jab mieivn K‡i Ges A‡_©i wbivc` I mnR †jb‡`‡bi my‡hvM †`q| A_© ’vbvšÍi, †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË, cÖwZwbwaZ¡ civgk© `vb I wewfbœgyLx †mev cÖ vb K‡i e¨vsK Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨ mnvqZv Ki‡e| ZvB GK K_vq ejv hvq, No business can run without banking.”

M. DÏxc‡K †h ai‡bi e¨vswKs Gi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K B-e¨vswKs ev B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs e‡j|

B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs n‡jv e¨vswKs eë ’vq AZ¨vaywbK Zworevnx c×wZ †hLv‡b Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ wbf©yjfv‡e m¤úªmvwiZ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ vb Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î A_© D‡Ëvjb, msMÖn, ’vbvšÍi, †jb‡`b m¤úbœKiY, Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY cÖ vb, †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` KvR B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z m¤úvw`Z nq|

DÏxc‡K MÖvnK Zvi †Q‡j‡K UvKv cvVv‡bvi ci ¯í mg‡qi g‡a¨B Zvi †Q‡j e¨vsK †_‡K A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| Avevi KLbI KLbI †PK KvUvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡”Q bv| A_©vr †m ATM KvW© eënvi K‡i A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q hv B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs-GB †KejgvÎ m¤¢e|

N. Òevsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv A‡bK myweav I mvg_© _vKvi ciI wcwQ‡q co‡QÓ- Avwg G e³‡eï mv‡_ GKgZ|

evsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv †ekxifvMB mbvZb, KvwqK kªgwbf©i, mxwgZ †mev m¤wjZ, gš’i, KvMR I bw_i RgvK…Z ¯Í‡ii mbvZb e¨vswKs c×wZ eënvi K‡i Avm‡Q| d‡j Zv‡ì c‡ÿ Lye †ekx MÖvnK †mev ev myweav cÖ vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|




215

evsjv‡`‡ki AZ¨vaywbK e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖhyw³MZfv‡e A‡bK ~i GwM‡q †M‡Q Zv‡ì B‡jKUªwbK e¨vsKwKs myweav cÖ v‡bi Kvi‡Y|

DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, B‡jKUªwbK e¨vsKwKs Pvjy _vKvq eZ©gv‡b MÖvnK A‡bK †ekx myweav †fvM Ki‡Q| d‡j AwZ`ªæZ, wbf©yj Ges e¨vcK we¯Í…Z †mev cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g AvaywbK e¨vsK¸‡jv A‡bK †ekx mdj Ges GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv mgvb Zv‡j GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve Aveyj nvmvb AM©vwbK c×wZ‡Z K…wl cY¨ Drcbœ K‡ib| ZvQvov wKQz K…wlcY¨ Zv‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| †`‡ki mKj †Rjvq Ges AwaKvsk Dc‡Rjvq Zvi K…wlc‡Yï wWjvi i‡q‡Q| GZw`b wZwb D`qb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g eëmvq cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb| K…wl Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ FY cÖ‡qvRb n‡j e¨vs‡Ki eë ’vcK AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| G Amyweavi Kvi‡Y H e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b eÜ K‡i wZwb evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vs‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb|

K. ATM Kx? 1 L. B-e¨vswKs eë ’vq †P‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. †h we‡kl e¨vswKs myweavi Rb¨ Rbve Aveyj nvmvb e¨vsK cwieZ©b K‡ib Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D`qb e¨vs‡Ki eë ’vc‡Ki AcviMZv cÖKv‡ki †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

DËi: K. gbyl¨wenxb ¯qsµxqfv‡e cwiPvwjZ A_© †jb‡`b eë ’v‡KB GwUGg e‡j| Gi c~Y©iƒc- Automated Teller Machine.

L. DbœZZi B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ, wbf©yj I we Í…Z Kvh© cwiPvjbvq mÿg e¨vsK eë ’v‡KB B-e¨vswKs e‡j|

B-e¨vswKs eë ’vq †P‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv KviY- B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z ¯qswµqfv‡e Rgv I D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq|

B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z GK e¨vsK †_‡K Ab¨ e¨vs‡K Znwej Zwor MwZ‡Z ’vbvšÍi Kiv hvq|

M. FY myweav cÖvwßi Rb¨ Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg e¨vsK cwieZ©b K‡ib|

evsK KZ…©K MÖvnK‡K wbw`©ó A_© avi †`qv‡K e¨vsK FY ev AwMÖg e‡j| FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i| †h e¨vsK †ewk FY w`‡Z cvi‡e, Zvi gybvdv, Avw_©K mg„w× I mybvg †ewk|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg GKRb K…wl cY¨ Drcv`bKvix| Zvi K…wl Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ FY cÖ‡qvRb| D`qb e¨vs‡Ki eë ’vc‡Ki AcviMZvq wZwb evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vs‡K wnmve cwiPvjbvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K…wl e¨vs‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Kivi †cQ‡b KviY n‡jv- K…wl e¨vsK K…lK‡ì wewfbœgyLx cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ ¯í‡gqvw`, ga¨‡gqvw` I `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ vb K‡i|

mvaviYZ mvi, exR, KxUbvkK µ‡qi Rb¨ ¯í‡gqvw` †QvULv‡Uv K…wl hš¿cvwZ, Mevw` cï µq Ges Rwgi e¨vcK

Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ FY cÖ vb K‡i|

K…wl e¨vsK K…lK‡ì myweav‡_© wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †gŠmygx FY cÖ vb K‡i _v‡K|




216

N. D`qb e¨vs‡Ki eë ’vc‡Ki AcviMZv cÖKvk n‡jv †hŠw³K|

e¨vsK KZ…©K MÖvnK‡K wbw`©ó A_© avi †`qv‡K FY e‡j|

D`qb e¨vs‡Ki eë ’vc‡Ki AcviMZv cÖKv‡ki †cQ‡b †h KviY Zv nj- hÎZÎ h‡_”Qfv‡e FY`vb e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ †Ljvwc FY e„w×mn bvbvb mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| G‡Z gybvdvi †P‡q

†jvKmvb nIqvi m¤¢vebvB †ewk _v‡K|

Zvij¨ msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y D`qb e¨vsK wewfbœ LvZ I cÖK‡í FY`vb wbiærmvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki we‡kl FY wbqš¿Y eë¯’vi Kvi‡YI AcviMZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|

4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Kv‡kg e¨vs‡Ki Gg. wW| Zvi e¨vs‡Ki g~j †køvMvb n‡jv- ÔMÖvnK †mevi gva¨‡g mg„w×Õ| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zvi e¨vsKwU MÖvnKevÜe e¨vsK wn‡m‡e h‡_ó mybvg Kzwo‡q‡Q| wnmv‡ei msL¨v, kvLvi msL¨v, gybvdvmn me©ÎB cÖe„w× AwR©Z n‡”Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ g~jab MV‡b I mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡g Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivLvq e¨vsKwU ivóªxq cyi®‹vi †c‡q‡Q|

K. †`Dwjqv Kx? 1 L. e¨vs‡Ki m”QjZvibxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU fv‡jv Kivi wcQ‡b †Kvb KviYwU AwaK KvR K‡i‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki wjL| 3 N. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU g~jab MV‡b AwaK f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvivi wcQ‡b KviYmg~n we‡kølY Ki| 4

DËi: K. †`Dwjqv AvBb Abyhvqx cvIbv cwi‡kv‡a e¨_©Zvi `v‡q Av`vjZ KZ…©K †`Dwjqv e‡j †NvwlZ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K †`Dwjqv e‡j|

L. †Kvb mgv‡Ri mvaviY wb‡ ©kbv n‡jv bxwZ| e vs‡Ki g~jbxwZi g‡a m”QjZvi bxwZ me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© i‡q‡Q| Avw_©K m”QjZv bv _vK‡j e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zvi eëmvwqK Kvh© myôzfv‡e Pvwj‡q hvIqv m¤¢e bq| Giæc ¯”QjZv ev Avw_©K cÖvPzh© e¨vs‡Ki GKwU Ab¨Zg bxwZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|

M. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU fv‡jv Kivi wcQ‡b e¨vs‡Ki †mevi gvbwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi G hy‡M MÖvnK‡ì †mev myweav cÖvwßi e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ mZK©| ZvB m‡e©v”P †mev myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z cviv `ÿ e¨vs‡Ki Acwinvh© ¸Y| †h e¨vs‡K mn‡R UvKv Rgv †`qv hvq, A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq, mn‡R FY cvIqv hvq, wewfbœ wej cÖ vb I A_© msMÖn Kiv hvq MÖnK‡ì wbKU †mB e¨vsK Z‡Zv DËg we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K|

mvaviYZ MÖvnKiv e¨vsK wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î †mevi welqwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i †`‡L| †h e¨vs‡Ki Kg©x‡ì eënvi DËg, †m e¨vsK wnmve Lyj‡Z mevB Drmvnx nq| eZ©gvbKv‡j e¨vsK mviv we‡k¦ †mevag©x cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e MY¨| e¨vsK cÖK…Zc‡ÿ A‡_©i †jb‡`‡bi gva¨‡g RbMY‡K †mev cÖ vb K‡i| ZvB MÖvnK‡ì Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ †mev myweav wbwðZ Kiv e¨vs‡Ki KvR| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU mwVK †mevi gva¨‡g h‡_ó mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges w`b w`b DbœwZ I cÖe„w× AR©b Ki‡Q|

N. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU g~jab MV‡bi wcQ‡bi KviY¸‡jv nj- e¨vsKwU ZvwjKvfy³ Kxbv, e¨vs‡Ki mybvg, e¨vs‡Ki kvLv|




217

†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó e¨vsK DËg wKbv we‡kølYKv‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b e¨vsKwU ZvwjKvfy³ wKbv Zv †`Lv ìKvi| KviY ZvwjKvfy³ evsK AZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK A‡cÿv AwaK wbf©i‡hvM¨| wg. Kv‡ki e¨vsKwU mybv‡gi mwnZ Kvh©µg Kivi Kvi‡Y A‡bK kvLv Lyj‡Z †c‡i‡Q| A‡bK kvLv _vKvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK g~jab msMÖn n‡q‡Q|

wewfbœ kvLv _vKvi Kvi‡Y e¨vsK RbMY I wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv Ajm A_© wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g msMÖn K‡i †`‡ki Rb¨ AwZ Avek¨K cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab MVb K‡i| AvgvbZKvix‡ì mÂ‡q DØy× K‡iI e¨vsK †`‡k mÂ‡qi cwigvY e„w×i †Póv Pvjvq|

e¨vsK Òc‡ii a‡b †cvÏvix K‡iÓ G cÖev` evK¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n me mgq A‡bï A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e msMÖn Kivi †Póv Pvjvq| e¨vsK RbM‡Yi ÿz ª ÿz ª A_© msMÖn K‡i Gi wbivcËv weav‡bi cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri Rb¨ I †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab MVb I G‡K eënv‡ii †Póv Pvjvq| hv e¨vsK eëmv‡qi Dbœq‡bi mnvqK nq| Giƒc g~jab MVb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| wg. Kv‡k‡gi AwaK g~jab MVb I AwaK kvLvi Rb¨ ivóªxqfv‡e cyi®‹vi †c‡q‡Q| cyi®‹vi cvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi AwaK mybvg AR©b n‡q‡Q|

5| wb‡Pi QKwU co Ges DËi `vI:

K. e¨vsK Kx? L. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? M. e¨vsK Kx ai‡bi eëmv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ? e¨vL¨v Ki? N. Òe¨vsK†K avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ejv nq D‡jøwLZ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Zv we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. †h cÖwZôvb A_© eëmv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ Zv‡K e¨vsK e‡j|

L. Zvij¨ ej‡Z PvBevgvÎ bM` A_© cwi‡kv‡ai ÿgZv ev m¤ú‡ì bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi‡K †evSvq| e¨vsK eëmv‡q Zvij¨ msiÿY Kiv‡K e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ e‡j| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki me©‡kl Av‡`k Abyhvqx Bmjvgx kwiqvwfwËK I we‡klvwqZ e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ 11.50% evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ 19% Zvij¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|




218

M. e¨vsK A_© I Fb eëmv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ| e vsK GwU Avw_©K eëmvq cÖwZôvb| GwU RbM‡bi mwÂZ A_© Rgv iv‡L, cÖ‡qvR‡b mieivn K‡i Ges wKQy Ask wb‡Ri wbKU †i‡L †`q| MÖvn‡Ki A_© Avgvb‡Zi gva¨‡g msMÖn K‡i wb‡Ri wbKU wKQy †i‡L evKx A_© FY †`q| wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, e¨vsK AvgvbZ Kvixi A_© msMÖn I wbivcËv cÖ vb Ki‡Q| AvgvbZKvixi msM„nxZ A_© †_‡K Zvij¨ bxwZ eRvq †i‡L evKx A_© FY I wewb‡qvM Ki‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq e¨vsK A_© I F‡Yi eëmv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ|

N. e¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ev e¨vsK †h F‡Yi eëmv‡qi mv‡_ hy³ K_vwU h_v_©| e¨vsK wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K AvgvbZ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb wb‡R FY nq †Zgwb Ab¨‡K FY cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡K FY `vZv wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq, AvgvbZ MÖnb K‡i e¨vsK cÖ_‡g FY MÖnxZv Ges FY `vZv wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K F‡Yi eëmvqx ev aviK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| e¨vsK †h avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK Zv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lvb n‡jv-

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Avgvb‡Zi gva¨‡g msMÖnxZ A_© e¨vsK cÖ_‡g wb‡Ri Znwe‡j aviY K‡i, MÖvn‡Ki Pvwn`v wgwU‡q c‡i evKx A©_ FY`vb I we‡bqv‡Mi eë ’v K‡i| ZvB e¨vs‡K avi Kiv A‡b©i aviK e‡j| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: mvbwR`v ÔG.weÕ e¨vs‡Ki GKRb eë ’vcK| wZwb Rv‡bb A_© I A_© msµvšÍ mgm¨vi DËi‡Yi cÖ‡Póvq ax‡i ax‡i e¨vsK eëmv‡qi D™¢e| ga¨ hy‡M e¨vs‡Ki c~e©m~ix‡ì Ae`v‡bi wfwË‡Z AvR AvaywbK e¨vsK GKUv ¯Zš¿ eëmv‡qi iƒc †c‡q‡Q|

K. e¨vsKvi †K? 1 L. AvaywbK e¨vsK eë ’vi c~e©mix Kviv? G‡ì Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K e¨vsK AvgvbZKvixi †Kvb wRwb‡mi wbivcËv †`q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AvaywbK e¨vsK GKwU ¯Zš¿ †ckv wnmv‡e ¯xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

DËi: K. e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejxi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ e¨w³eM© e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

L. AvaywbK e¨vsK eë ’vi c~e©m~ix n‡jv ¯Y©Kvi, eëmvqx gnvRb| e¨vsK eë ’vi Dbœq‡b ¯Y©KviMY e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡L| A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ ZvivB cÖPjb K‡iwQj D‡Ëvjb wPwV| eëmvqxMY wewfbœ e¨vsK `wj‡ji cÖPjb K‡i| gnvRb, A_© msMÖn, msiÿY I FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vsK eëmv‡q e¨vcK Ae`vb †i‡LwQj|

M. DÏxc‡K e¨vsK AvgvbZKvixi A‡_©i wbivcËv †`q|

e¨vsK FY`vb

A‡_©i cÖ‡qvM

mÂqx AvgvbZ

’vqx AvgvbZ

PjwZ AvgvbZ A_© msMÖn

wewb‡qvM




219

MÖvn‡Ki RgvK…Z A_© I g~jëvb m¤ú‡ì wbivcËv weavb Kiv e¨vs‡Ki KZ©e¨| †Kbbv wbivcËvi Rb¨B MÖvnK e¨vs‡K A_© I m¤ú` Rgv iv‡L| g~jZ wewbgq cÖ_vi Amyweav `~i Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ mgv‡R wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e gy ªvi cÖPjb N‡U| Avi gy ªvi cÖPj‡bi ci e¨vsK eëmv‡qi m~ÎcvZ nq|

N. AvaywbK e¨vsK GKwU ¯Zš¿ †ckv wnmv‡e ¯xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| †ckv n‡jv D”PZi Ávb m¤úbœ K…wZ©g~jK KvR, hv mgv‡Ri Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| KwZcq †mevg~jK †ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ we‡klÁZvi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|

DÏxc‡K mvbwR`v e¨vsK eëmv‡q mv‡_ m¤ú„³| wZwb eëmvq‡K †ckv wnmv‡e wb‡q‡Qb| Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ hLb †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb A_©‰bwZK Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq ZLb H e¨w³i KvR‡K e„wË e‡j| †mB wnmv‡e PvKwi, eëmvq, wkÿKZv BZ¨vw` GKB e„wËi AvIZvf~³|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq eëmvq GKUv ¯Zš¿ e„wË ev †ckv| †m wnmv‡e e¨vs‡KI GKwU ¯Zš¿ †ckv wnmv‡e MÖnb †hvM¨|

7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: w_ª-÷vi e¨vsK Mv‡g©›Um wk‡íi cÖe„w×‡Z AvK…ó n‡q GLv‡b cÖPzi FY w`‡q MZ 5 eQi gybvdv AR©b K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ AvšÍR©vwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y _ªx÷vi e¨vs‡Ki KvQ †_‡K FY †bqv A‡bK Mv‡g©›Um&B FY †diZ bv w`‡q eÜ n‡q hvq| d‡j e¨vsKwU mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q| G Ae ’vq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK GwU‡K Kv‡jvZvwjKvPz Z Kivq bZzb AvgvbZ Avm‡Q bv Avi cyivZb AvgvbZKvixiv AvgvbZ DVv‡Z PvB‡jI e¨vsKwU w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K. e¨vsK Kx? L. B e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. Mv‡g©‡›Um eÜ nIqvq _ªx÷vi e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q? eY©bv `vI| N. _ªx÷vi e¨vsK e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb bxwZwU AbymiY K‡iwb? †Zvgvi DË‡ii ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| DËi: K. e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU Avw_©K ga¨ ’ eëmvq cÖwZôvb hv AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e A_© msMÖn K‡i, FY †`q I wewfbœ e¨vsK msµvšÍ KvR m¤úv`b K‡i|

L. e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ v‡bi AvaywbK †KŠkj DbœZZi B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i AwZ `ªæZ, wbfy©j I we¯Z…Z Kvh© cwiPvjbvq mÿg e¨vsK eë ’v‡KB B-e¨vswK e‡j| ATM, †WweUKvW©, †µwWU KvW©, AbjvBb e¨vswKs, POS, SCH, CHEPS BZ¨vw` myweav¸‡jv B e¨vswKs- Gi gva¨‡g cvIqv hvq|

M. Mv‡g©›Um eÜ n‡q hvIqvq _ªx÷vi e¨vsK FY †Ljvcxi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q| †KD hw` FY wb‡q †diZ bv †`q A_ev †diZ †`qvi ÿgZv nvwi‡q †d‡j ZLb H FY‡K †Ljvwc FY e‡j| Avi †h FY †diZ †`q bv ev w`‡Z cv‡ibv Zv‡K FY †LjvcKvix e‡j| †Kvb †Kvb FY MÖnxZv B”Qv K‡iB mgqgZ FY †diZ †`q bv, Avevi A‡b‡K FY wb‡q F‡Yi Kvh©Ki eënvi Ki‡Z bv cvivq FY †diZ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr Zvi m¤úwËi †P‡q `v‡qi cwigvY †ekx nq| †h Kvh©Z FY cwi‡kv‡ai mvg_© nvwi‡q †d‡j| ZLb Zvi g‡a¨ †`DwjqvZ¡ †`Lv †`q|




220

DÏxc‡K w_ª÷vi e¨vsK Mv‡g©›Um- Gi D³ cÖe„w× jÿ¨ K‡i mg Í A_© Mv‡g©›Um FY wn‡m‡e mieivn K‡i| hZw`b Mv‡g©›Um Gi Ae¯’v fv‡jv wQ‡jv ZZw`b _ªx÷vi e¨vsK fv‡jv gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| wKš‘ A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y Mv‡g©›Um-Gi eëmv Lvivc n‡q †M‡j Mv‡g©›Um Lv‡Z hv _ªx÷vi e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡qwQ‡jv Zv‡ì Avq K‡g hvq| d‡j m¤úwËi †P‡q `v‡qi cwigvY evo‡Z _vKvq Zviv _ªx÷vi e¨vs‡K FY †diZ w`‡Z cviwQ‡jv bv| Gfv‡e _ªx÷vi e¨vs‡Ki †Ljvcx F‡Yi cwigvY evo‡Z _v‡K| e¨vsKi F‡Yi cwigvY ev‡o wKš‘ AvgvbZ bv eovq Ges FY †diZ bv cvIqvq _ªx÷vi e¨vsK mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q|

N. _ªx÷vi e¨vsK e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZwU AbymiY K‡iwb e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| MÖvnK‡ì `vex c~iY Kivi mvg_© msiÿ‡Yi bxwZ‡KŠkj‡K Zvij¨ bxwZ e‡j| Giƒc mvg_© a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ AwaK cwigvY bM` A_© msiÿY Kivi d‡j Zv e¨vs‡Ki cÖ v‡qi mvg_© n«vm K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K AwaK gybvdvq Av`v‡q †ekx cwigvY A_© FY`vb hv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j I MÖvnK‡ì †PK †dir hvIqvq SuywK e„w× cvq| ZvB Df‡qi g‡a¨ mgšq weavb K‡i Pj‡jB e¨vsK jvfevb nq|

DÏxc‡K cÖ Ë _ªx÷vi e¨vsKwU‡K GKwU wbw`©ó LvZ Mv‡g©›U‡m cÖPzi cwigv‡b FY mieivn K‡i‡Q|

Mv‡g©›Um Lv‡Z GLb wec` †`Lv †`qvq A‡b‡K e¨vsKwU‡K F‡Yi A_© †diZ w`‡Z cvi‡Qbv| d‡j e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ K‡g hv‡”Q| Avevi F‡Yi UvKv Av`vq bv Ki‡Z cvivq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK GwU‡K Kv‡jv ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i| d‡j bZzb AvgvbZKvix Av‡mbv Avi cyivZbiv AvgvbZ DwV‡q wb‡Z Pvq, A_P e¨vsKwUi nv‡Z †h A_© wQ‡jv Zv FY Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM _vKvq Ges Zv †diZ bv cvIqvq AvgvbZKvixi A_©I cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv| A_©vr e¨vsKwUi m¤ú‡ì †P‡q `vq †ekx| GwU Zvij¨ msK‡U fyM‡Q

DcwiD³ hyw³ LÐ‡bi Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi, _ªx÷vi e¨vsK FY Av`vq n‡e Ggb wewb‡qvM Lv‡Z FY cÖ vb K‡i Av`v‡qi KvRwU‡K mdj Ki‡Z cvi‡j AvgvbZKvixi A_© †diZ w`‡Z cvi‡Zv| †K›`ªxq e¨vsKI Kv‡jvZvwjKvfy³ KiZ bv| A_©vr Zvij¨ bxwZwU _ªx÷vi e¨vsK AbymiY K‡iwb| 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Zgv Zvi e¨vswKs I exgv eB‡q c‡o‡Q, e¨vsK n‡jv AvaywbK A_©bxwZi Rxebx kw³| wKš‘ A‡_©i cÖPj‡bi ci e¨vs‡Ki D™¢e| Avevi e¨vsK A‡_©i cÖPjb‡K K‡i‡Q k„•Ljvc~Y©| e¨vsKB m„wó K‡i P‡j‡Q wewbg‡qi wewfbœ gva¨g| e¨vswKs GUv‡K K‡i‡Q Av‡iv mylgv gwÐZ| cÖ_‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK w`‡q ïiæ| Gici GKUv Abb¨ I kw³kvjx e¨vs‡K wN‡iB †`‡ki bvbvb e¨vs‡Ki D™¢e| Zgv Gme †f‡e Avi e¨vsK eë ’vq Dbœqb †`‡L wew¯§Z| K. GKK e¨vsK Kx? L. e¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK †Kb? M. DÏxcK we‡ePbvq wb‡j e¨vs‡Ki Rbbx Kv‡K ejv n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx Abb¨ I kw³kvjx e¨vsK †KvbwU? e¨vsK eë ’vi Dbœq‡b Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. †m e vsK †KejgvÎ GKwU Awd‡mi gva¨‡g Zvi mKj e vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K GKK e vsK e‡j|

L. e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU Avw_©K ga¨ ’ eëmvqx cÖwZôvb hvi KvR n‡jv ¯í my‡` ev jv‡f AvgvbZ wnmv‡e RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z A_© msMÖn ev avi MÖnY Ges D³ avi Kivi A_© Avevi D”P my‡` ev jv‡f Ab¨‡ì‡K avi †`q| †h e¨vsK Giƒc avi MÖnb I avi cÖ v‡b Awdm mdjKvg Zv‡KB `ÿ e¨vsK wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| ZvB ejv hvq, Òe¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ev eëmvqxÓ|




221

M. DÏxcK we‡ePbvq wb‡j e¨vs‡Ki Rbbx ejv n‡e A_©‡K|

AvgvbZ msMÖn I FY`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e¨vs‡Ki AMÖhvÎv ïiæ n‡jI AvR‡Ki w`‡b e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì evowZ cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y bvbvwea Avw_©K Kvh© m¤úv`b Ki‡Q| Avi Gi g~j f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q A_©| A_© e¨vs‡Ki cÖvY ¯iæc| A_© Qvov e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb Kvh©µgB mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| KviY e¨vsK †h AvgvbZ msMÖn, g~jab MVb, wewb‡qvM, wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó hvB KiæK bv †Kb Zvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q A_©|

e¨vsK †h †PK, WªvdU&, †c-AW©vi, †PK KvW© cÖZ¨q cÎ BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g wewbgq gva¨g m„wó K‡i Zvi g~‡jI i‡q‡Q A_©| Avi e¨vs‡Ki †h Ab¨Zg cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ gybvdv AR©b Kiv, GUvI A‡_©i mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e RwoZ| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq- A_©B n‡jv e¨vs‡Ki Rbbx|

N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx Abb¨ I kw³kvjx e¨vsK n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †h e¨vsK miKvix wbqš¿bvax‡b MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K †K› ªxq e¨vsK e‡j| GwU mKj e¨vs‡Ki Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| G e¨vsK RvZxq A_©bxwZi øvqy †K› ª¯iæc| hv †`‡ki mKj A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewj‡K cÖZ¨ÿ ev civÿfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i| Mv‡Qi kvLv †hgb Kv‡Ûi mvnvh¨ Qvov cÖùzwUZ I cjøweZ n‡Z cv‡ibv| †Zgwb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖwZôvbmg~n I †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mwµq mvnvh¨ Qvov cÖMwZi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i bv|

†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g gy ªvi eë ’vcbv A_©vr †bvU I gy ªvi cÖPjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡k we‡kl K‡i Dbœqbkxj †`‡k e¨vswKs I FY eë ’vi Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †K› ªxq e¨vsK gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| G e¨vs‡Ki d‡j miKv‡ii Dbœqb cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb mnR nq| e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g ê‡`wkK gy ªvi wiRvf© wbqš¿Y gy ªvi gvb iÿv cvb cY¨g~‡jï w ’wZkxjZv iÿv K‡i Ges m‡e©vcwi ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vs‡K mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx Abb¨ I kw³kvjx e¨vsK n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|

9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. ïf †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib †mwU gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k cwiPvwjZ nq| RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgbZ msMÖ‡ni wel‡q e¨vsKwU Lye Zrci _v‡K| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ I e¨vsKwUi mym¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki wewfbœ ’v‡b kvLv cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g eëmvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y e¨vsKwU †Póv Pvjv‡”Q| K. MÖæc e¨vsK wK? L. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ïf †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡i Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. e¨vsKwUi wewfbœ ’v‡b kvLv cÖwZôvi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| DËi : K. †h e¨vsK eë ’vq †Kv‡bv GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb GKB ai‡bi KZK¸‡jv †QvU e¨vsK MVb K‡i ev GKvwaK e¨vs‡Ki AwaKvsk †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbqš¿Yfvi MÖnY K‡i mgwšZ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K MÖæc e¨vsK e‡j|

L. Zvij¨ n‡jv †Kv‡bv m¤úwËi Kg ÿwZ‡Z ªæZ bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv| e¨vswKs AvBb Abyhvqx e¨vsK Zvi AvgbZKvixi A_© PvwnevgvÎ †dir w`‡Z eva¨| †h bxwZi AvIZvq e¨vsKmg~n wb‡Ri Kv‡R bM` A_© I Zij m¤ú` msiÿY K‡i Aewkó Ask FY †`q I wewb‡qvM K‡i Zv‡KB Zvij¨ bxwZ ejv nq|




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M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ïf †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡i GUv nj evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e¨vsK ¯ímy‡` RbM‡Yi A_© AvgvbZ wnmv‡e Rgv iv‡L, AwaK my‡` e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi FY †`q Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j|

DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU †`Lv hvq †h, gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni Ici e¨vsKwU ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q †ewk| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ e¨vsKwUi mym¤úK© i‡q‡Q hv GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki êwk‡ói mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| G Rb¨B ejv hvq DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU nj evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|

N. e¨vsKwU wewfbœ ’v‡b kvLv cÖwZôvi wm×všÍ mwVK| Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsKmg~n GKwUgvÎ ev mxwgZ msL¨vK Awd‡mi gva¨‡g Kvh©m¤úv`‡b mvg_© n‡jI evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †ejvq †`k we‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq kvLv cÖwZôvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, e¨vsKwU AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni welqwUi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q Ges †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Gi mv‡_ e¨vsKwUi mym¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †`‡kii wewfbœ ’v‡b kvLv cÖwZwôZ Ki‡j e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ AwaKnv‡i AvgvbZ msMÖn m¤¢e n‡e| kvLv e¨vs‡Ki cÖZ¨ÿ m¤úK© M‡o D‡V| Gi d‡j cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvMxZvi wfwË m¤cÖmvwiZ nq| g~jab MVb, wewbgq, AskMÖnb, AwaK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms ’vb, miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZ ev Íevq‡bI e¨vsKwU Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i|

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq †h, e¨vsKwUi wewfbœ ’v‡b kvLv cÖwZôvi †Póv Pvjv‡bv †hŠw³K|

10| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU cÖkœ Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: A, B, C wZbwU e¨vsK A_©‰bwZK g›`v I `ÿZvi Afv‡e eëmv‡q wUK‡Z cvi‡Q bv| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wd‡i Avmv I gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv ‘X’ bvgK GKwU e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ& n‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K P, Q, R, S e¨vsK mg~n Avw_©K DbœwZ I ÿwZi nvZ n‡Z iÿvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì ¯Z¡v eRvq ‡i‡L GKwÎZ n‡q c~YtMwVZ nIqvi wm×všÍ wbj| K. e¨vsKvi †K ? 1 L. gv‡P©›U e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 2 M. A, B, C e¨vsK ‘X’ e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ nIqv‡K e¨¨vs‡Ki cwifvlvq Kx e‡j ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. P, Q, R, S e¨vs‡Ki GKwÎZ nIqvq wm×všÍ Kx wQj ? GB wm×v‡šÍi Kvi‡b Zv‡ì eëmvwqK Ae ’vi

Kx †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e ? we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM© A_ev cÖwZôvb e¨vswKs eëmv‡q cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e RwoZ _v‡Kb Zv‡K e¨vsKvi e‡j|

L. wewbgq e¨vswKs I wewb‡qvM e¨vswKs Gi mswgkÖ‡Y M‡o IVv e¨vsK‡KB gv‡P©›U e¨vsK e‡j| ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ Gme e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì c‡ÿ cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy , ißvwbKviK KZ©„K DÌvwcZ we‡j ¯xK…wZ `vb I we‡ji A_© cwi‡kva K‡i| gv‡P©›U e¨vsK `xN©‡gqv‡` FY †`q, †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i Ges Ae‡jL‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K|

M. A, B, C e¨vsK ‘X’ e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ nIqv‡K e¨vs‡Ki cwifvlvq MÖæc e¨vsK e‡j| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K †_‡K gybvdv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ KwZcq `~e©j e¨vsK GKwU e„nr ev kw³kvjx e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b †RvUe× n‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡j Zv‡K MÖæc e¨vsK ev e¨vswKs e‡j| †h e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b GKwÎZ




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nq, Zv‡K †nvwìs e¨vsK, Avi †h me e¨vsK GKwÎZ nq Zv‡ì Aaxb ’ ev mvewmwWqvwi e¨vsK ejv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î mvewmwWqvwi e¨vsK¸‡jv †nvwìs e¨vsK cÖ Ë bxwZgvjv ev Av`k© Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ nq| A_©vr †h e¨vsK eë ’vq KwZcq e¨vsK GKwU kw³kvjx e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b GKwÎZ n‡q cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq Zv‡K MÖæc e¨vswKs e‡j|

DÏxc‡K A,B,C wZbwU e¨vsK A_©‰bwZK g›`v I `ÿZvi Afv‡e eëmv‡q wU‡K _vKvi ¯v‡_© ‘X’ e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ n‡q‡Q| myZivs GwU GKwU MÖæc e¨vswKs eë ’v|

N. P, Q, R, S e¨vs‡Ki GKwÎZ nIqvi wm×všÍ wQj †PBb e¨vs‡K iƒcvšÍi nIqv| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K †_‡K AwaK gybvdv AR©b I mybvg m„wói j‡ÿ¨ KZK¸‡jv `ye©j e¨vsK n‡q GKB eë ’vcbv I wbqš¿‡Y e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡j Zv‡K †PBb e¨vsK e‡j|

GKwU eë ’vcbv I wbqš¿‡Y KZK¸‡jv e¨vsK wb‡R‡ì mËv eRvq †i‡L e„n`vqZb e¨vswKs Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡j Zv‡K †PBb e¨vswKs e‡j| GB ai‡bi e¨vswKs eë ’vq KwZcq `ye©j e¨vsK GKwÎZ nq| †RvUe× e¨vsK¸‡jv GKwU eë ’vcbvi Aax‡b wbqwš¿Z nq| †Rv‡Ui cÖ‡Z¨KwU e¨vs‡Ki wbR¯ mËv eRvq _v‡K|

DÏxc‡K P, Q, R, S e¨vsKmg~n Avw_©K DbœwZ I ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K wb‡R‡ì aiY eRvq †i‡L GKwÎZ n‡q cybtMwVZ nIqvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq wU‡K †_‡K e„n`vqZb e¨vswKs †mev`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ GKwÎZ nq| GKB bxwZgvjvq cwiPvwjZ n‡jI wb‡R‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ eRvq _v‡K|

GB wm×v‡šÍi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì eëmvwqK Ae ’vi DbœwZ n‡e| g~jZ eëmvwqK DbœwZi j‡ÿ¨B e¨vsK¸‡jv †PBb e¨vsK iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| 11| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU cÖkœ Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki me Av‡`k-wb‡ ©k †g‡b P‡j| Zviv Zv‡ì RgvK…Z AvgvbZ †_‡K 20% A_© Zvij¨ wn‡m‡e msiÿY K‡i| wKš‘ AwZ gybvdvi Avkvq e¨vsKwU Zv‡ì †ewki fvM A_© `xN©‡gqvw` FY wn‡m‡e RbMY‡K cÖ vb K‡i‡Q| G‡Z Zviv bM` A‡_©i msK‡U c‡o‡Q Ges mvnvhï Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ n‡q‡Q| K. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK Kx? L. Ôe¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì cÖwZwbwaÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| M. êwkó¨ we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? N. †Kvb †gŠwjK bxwZi j•N‡bi Kvi‡Y GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW Avw_©K msK‡U cwZZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? †Zvgvi g‡Zi ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ †`LvI| DËi: K. †h e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì cÖ‡qvRb I A_©bxwZi we‡kl †Kv‡bv w`K wb‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i, Zv‡K we‡klvwqZ evsK e‡j| †hgb evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK|

L. e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡ì cÿ n‡q Z…Zxq c‡ÿi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i, MÖvnK‡ì AwQ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i, MÖvnK‡ì A_© msMÖn I msiÿY BZ¨vw` cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, cÖwZwU evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡ì Rb¨ bvbv cÖKvi wnmve Ges ZrmsjMœ †mev¸‡jv wb‡q nvwRi nq| †hgb: MÖvnK‡ì A_© msiÿY †P‡Ki A_© msMÖnKiY, cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy KiY, e¨vsK M¨vivw›U cÖ vb, civgk©




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cÖ vb BZ¨vw` KvR| Avi cÖwZwU KvRB e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR, hv e¨vsK Zvi cÖ‡Z¨K MÖvn‡Ki Rb¨ K‡i _v‡K| ZvB cÖK…ZB e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì cÖwZwbwa|

M. êwkó¨ we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW GKwU ZvwjKvf~³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK A_© IB me e¨vsK, †h¸‡jv †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvf~w³ Ges Gi Av‡`k I wb‡`©k †g‡b P‡j| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK AW©vi, 1972 Abyhvqx ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK n‡jv AvwU©‡Kj 37-Gi 2(K) avivi Aax‡b msiwÿZ ZvwjKvq eZ©gv‡b AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q, Ggb e¨vsK|

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N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki myôz wewb‡qvM I FY`v‡bi bxwZi j½‡bi Kvi‡Y Avw_©K msK‡U c‡o‡Q|

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DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW GKwU ZvwjKvf~³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| Zviv evsj‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Av‡`k Abyhvqx 20 kZvsk wewae× Zvij¨ msiÿY K‡i Ges Gici evwK A_© †_‡K FY cÖ vb K‡i| G †ÿ‡Î G KvR e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb I wewb‡qv‡Mi bxwZi g‡a¨ c‡o| KviY, †h‡nZz Avgiv Rvwb, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 20 kZvsk (KL‡bv 19 kZvsk) Zvij¨ msiÿb K‡i AvgvbZ †_‡K| Gici evwK 80 ev 81 kZvsk AvgvbZ †_‡K Fb`vb I wewb‡qvM K‡i| hv DÏxc‡K GbAvB e¨vsKI Ki‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K ewY©Z GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW †ewk jvf ev gybvdvi Avkvq Zv‡ì RgvK…Z Avgvb‡Zi †ewki fvMB `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ v‡b eënvi Ki‡Q, hv myôz wewb‡qvM I FY`v‡bi bxwZi m¤ú~Y© j•Nb| Avi Gi d‡j Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨B GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW Avw_©K msK‡U c‡o Ges evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿB hw` †Kv‡bv e¨vsK †gqv` we‡ePbv bv K‡i FY`vb K‡i ev wewb‡qvM K‡i, Z‡e Aek¨B Zviv A_©msK‡U co‡e ev gybvdv n«v‡mi gy‡LvgywL n‡e| hvi cÖgvY Avgiv DÏxc‡K GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi †ÿ‡Î †`L‡Z cvB| cwi‡k‡l Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, GbAvB e¨vsK wjwg‡UW myôz wewb‡qvM I FY`v‡bi bxwZi j•Nb ev cwic~Y© AbymiY bv Kiv‡ZB Avw_©K msK‡Ui gy‡LvgywL n‡q‡Q, hv †_‡K Ab¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvI wkÿv wb‡Z cv‡i|




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12| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Avwiqvb e¨vs‡Ki cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab I msiwÿZ Znwe‡ji wbw`©ó cwigvY evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©k µ‡g msiÿY KiZ| 2008 mv‡j miKvi Zv e„w× K‡i 400 †KvwU UvKvq wba©viY Kivq Avwiqvb e¨vsK AwZwi³ Ask msiÿY K‡iwb| G‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vsK FYmyweavmn Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Î e¨vsKwU‡K Av‡Mi g‡Zv mnvqZv K‡i bv| Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKI evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K AbymiY K‡i| K. gv‡P©›U e¨vsK Kx? L. †`Dwjqv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. Avwiqvb e¨vsK cÖ_‡g †Kvb ch©v‡qi e¨vsK wQj? eY©bv K‡iv| N. DÏxc‡K cÖ Ë Avwiqvb e¨vsK GLb †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vs‡K cwiYZ n‡e? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| DËi: K. wewbgq e¨vswKs I wewb‡qvM e¨vswKs‡qi mswgkÖ‡Y M‡o IVv e¨vsK‡KB gv‡P©›U e¨vsK e‡j|

L. †`Dwjqv k‡ãi A_© n‡jv FY cwi‡kv‡a Amg_© †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb| hLb KviI m¤úwËi Zzjbvq `v‡qi cwigvY †ewk n‡q hvq Ges †m Kvh©Z FY cwi‡k‡`i mvg_© nvwi‡q †d‡j ZLb Zvi m¤ú` I `vq we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡K †`Dwjqv †NvlYv K‡i _v‡K|

M. Avwiqvb e¨vsK cÖ_‡g ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK wQj| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Av‡`k-wb‡ ©k †g‡b Pjvi A½xKv‡i Ave× n‡q †Kv‡bv e¨vsK hw` †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨c` jvf K‡i, ZLb Zv‡K Zdwmwj e¨vsK ev ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK e‡j| DÏxc‡K Avwiqvb e¨vs‡Ki cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab I msiwÿZ Znwe‡ji cwigvY wQj †K› ªxq e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡ ©k Abymv‡i| A_©vr Avwiqvb e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡ ©k Abymv‡i| A_©vr Avwiqvb e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Av‡`k-wb‡`©k †g‡b Pjvi A½xKv‡i Ave× n‡q GB e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨c` jvf K‡iwQj| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K AbymiY K‡i Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKI Avwiqvb e¨vsK‡K mnvqZv KiZ| ZvB Avwiqvb e¨vsK cÖ_g ch©v‡q ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK wQj|

N. DÏxc‡K cÖ Ë Avwiqvb e¨vsK GLb AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡K cwiYZ n‡e| †hme e¨vsK †Kb`ªxq e¨vsK wb‡`©wkZ wbqgbxwZ †g‡b Pjvi A½xKvi cÖ vbc~e©K Gi m`m¨ ZvwjKvq AšÍf©z³ nq bv Ges e¨vs‡Ki wbqgKvbyb †g‡b P‡j bv Ges †K›`ªxq e¨vsKI hw` IB e¨vsK‡K mnvqZv bv K‡i, Zv‡K AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK e‡j| DÏxc‡K Avwiqvb e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡ ©kbvµ‡g PjZ| wKš‘ 2008 mv‡j msiwÿZ Znwej I cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab 400 †KvwU UvKv DbœxZ Ki‡j Zviv Zv Rgv †`qwb| G‡Z evsjv‡`k e vsK Zv‡`i FYmn Ab¨vb¨ †h myweav w Z Zv cÖZ vnvi K‡i Ges evsjv‡`k e vsK‡K AbymiY K‡i Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKI m¤úK© iv‡Lwb| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK A_©vr †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wb‡ ©k bv gvbvq cieZ©x mg‡q Avwiqvb e¨vsK AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡K cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|




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cieZ©x‡Z †h‡nZz eo eo e¨vsK¸‡jv MÖvnK †mev †ekx w`‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì Zvij¨ msKU bv _vKvq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki `vi ’ n‡Z nq bv ev gy`ªv evRv‡i Ges A_©bxwZ‡Z GKUv cÖfve _vKvq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wb‡ ©k bv gvbv m‡Ë¡I †K›`ªxq e¨vsK kvw Íg~jK eë ’v wnmv‡e wbKvk myweav eÜ K‡i †`qvi wm×všÍ †_‡K wcwQ‡q Av‡m| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvgvbZ Rgv I FY`v‡bi ga¨w`‡q e¨vsK eëmv‡qi AMÖhvÎv| ZvB wewfbœ †`‡k A‡_©i cÖPjb I miKv‡ii c‡ÿ KvR Kivi Rb¨ GB †emiKvwifv‡e M‡o DVv e¨vsK¸‡jvi Ici `vwqZ¡ e‡Z©| wKš‘ c‡i miKvi G ai‡bi wKQz e¨vsK RvZxqKiY K‡i ev bZzb e¨vsK M‡o †Zv‡j| AvR GB e¨vsK †`‡ki e¨vswKs ivR‡Z¡i ivRv| GLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Avi ïaygvÎ †bvU I gy ªv Bmy K‡i bv| miKv‡ii bvbvKvR I Avw_©K bxwZ ev Íevqb K‡i| ZvB miKvi I †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h‡bv GK I Awfbœ| K. ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. wbKvkNi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cÖ_‡g †Kvb e¨vsK cvjb Ki‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©kbv †g‡b Gi ZvwjKvi AšÍf©y³ e¨vsK‡KB ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK e‡j|

L. †h Awd‡m ev ’v‡b e‡m wbw`©ó GjvKvi e¨vsKmg~‡ni gva¨‡g †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË Kiv nq Zv‡K wbKvkNi e‡j| AvaywbK e¨vswKs eë ’vq AvšÍte¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË‡Z wbKvkNi n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cwiPvwjZ GK mnRI Awfbe c×wZ| mvaviY A‡_© e¨vswKs †jb‡`b †_‡K D™¢yZ Avš Í:e¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË ’jB n‡jv wbKvkNi ev Clearing Housing.

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AvR †h e¨vsKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gyiweŸ wn‡m‡e cÖej cÖZv‡c gy ªvevRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, Zvi Rb¥ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki R‡b¥i A‡bK c‡i| evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z e¨vsK eë ’vi D™¢e N‡UwQj| Aek¨ miKvi‡K Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv †`qv Ges gy ªv cÖPj‡bi `vwqZ¡ †Kvb †Kvb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cvjb Ki‡Zv| mß`k kZvãxi c~‡e© we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k A‡bK kw³kvjx evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖwZôv Kiv n‡qwQj| G e¨vsK¸‡jv †bvU cÖPj‡bi e¨vsK wKsev RvZxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡Zv Ges evwYwR¨K †jb‡`‡bi cvkvcvwk miKv‡ii cÿ n‡q †`‡k gy ªvi cÖPjb Ki‡Zv| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a GB e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©I m¤úv`b Ki‡Zv|

N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvivwe‡k¦B †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| me©ÎB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK, cÖwZwbwa I Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †bvU I gy ªv cÖPj‡bi Rb¨ GKK AwaKvix cÖwZôvb|

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6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: KwZcq e„n`vqZb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 8% nv‡i AwaK msL¨K wewbgq wej evUªvKi‡bi d‡j Zvij¨ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb| GRb¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv Zv‡ì evUªvK…Z wej †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K evUªvKi‡b B”QzK| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki FY cÖevn we‡ePbv K‡i wej¸‡jv GKB nv‡i evUªvKi‡bi cÖ Íve †`q| G Kvi‡Y e¨vsK¸‡jv wej cybtevUªvKi‡Y weiZ _v‡K| K. A_© mieivn Kx? 1 L. wbKvkNi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †K› ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb bxwZwU Aej¤b K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsK¸‡jvi wm×v‡šÍ †`‡ki FY cÖev‡n †Kvb ai‡bi cÖfve co‡e? hyw³mn eY©bv K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. A_© mieivn ej‡Z †`‡ki miKvi KZ©„K Bmy K…Z †gvU wewnZ gy ªvi cwigvY‡K eySvq|

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myZivs ejv hvq e¨vsK¸‡jvi wm×v‡šÍ FYcÖevn †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡e|




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K. e¨vwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ Kx? 1 L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gyb÷vi e¨vs‡Ki msKU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl© †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zv Giƒc e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb bxwZi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©? Giƒc bxwZi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m¤úwË I `vq †`bvi DØ„Ë‡K `yÕwU c„_K Kjv‡g avivevwnKfv‡e Dc ’vcbv‡KB evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ e‡j|

L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg bxwZ n‡jv MÖvn‡Ki wnmve I RgvK…Z m¤ú‡ì me©vwaK †MvcbxqZv eRvq ivLv| KviY RbMY Zvi Rxe‡bi mwÂZ Ag~j¨ m¤ú` e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Mw”QZ †i‡L wbwðZ _vK‡Z Pvq| Gi †MvcbxqZv cÖKvk †c‡j Zv‡Z A‡nZzK weo¤bv ev‡o| G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ RbM‡Yi Av ’v webó nq|

M. gyb÷vi e¨vs‡Ki msKUwU wQj Zvi‡jï msKU| MÖvnK‡ì RgvK…Z A_© PvwnevgvÎ †dir`v‡bi ÿgZv‡K e¨vs‡Ki fvlvq Zvij¨ e‡j| G bxwZi Av‡jv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK me©mg‡q Ggb cwigvY A_© ev Zvij¨ msiÿY K‡i hv‡Z MÖvnK‡ì DÌvwcZ †PK †diZ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †hgwb bv _v‡K †Zgwb AwaK Zvij¨ msiÿ‡Yi d‡j e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb mvg_© I n«vm bv cvq| DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU jvfRbK eo eo Lv‡Z FY w`‡q I wewb‡qvM Kivq Zviv wKQzUv Zvij¨ msK‡U c‡o‡Q| d‡j Zviv MÖvnK‡ì A_© PvwnevgvÎ †diZ cÖ v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i e‡j fve‡Q| G Ae ’vq Zviv Zvj¨ msKU †_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi Dcvq LyuR‡Q|

N. gyb÷vi e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl© †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zv nj bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ Abymi‡Yi| MÖvnK‡ì „wó AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb †cÖvWv± I mvwf©m evRv‡i Avbvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bvI AvaywbK e¨vs‡Ki g~jbxwZ| bZzb AvgvbZ cÖKí; †hgb- n¾ cÖKí, wewfbœ †cbkb ¯‹xg, gvwmK Avq cÖKí, jvLcwZ cÖKí BZ¨vw` Ges bZzb bZzb FY I wewb‡qvM cÖKí, Iqvb ÷c mvwf©m, †iwK¨vk, ATM KvW© BZ¨vwì cÖeZ©b Gi D`vniY|

DÏxc‡Ki gyb÷vi e¨vsKwU KZK¸‡jv eo eo FY w`‡q I wewb‡qvM Kivq eZ©gv‡b Zvij¨ msK‡U c‡o‡Q| d‡j MÖvnK‡ì PvwnevgvÎ A_© cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e cwiPvjK cl© bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ †g‡b Zvij¨ msKU `~i Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q|

bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡j wewfbœ Lv‡Z AvgvbZ msM„nxZ n‡q Ges Zvij¨ msKU K‡g hv‡e|

4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wknve gbmyi wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vsK m¤ú‡K© c‡o‡Q| wkíe¨vsK, K…wl e¨vsK, gv‡P©›U e¨vsK AviI A‡bK e¨vsK| wKš‘ kn‡i e›`‡i me©Î †m †h e¨vsK †`‡L‡Q Zvi mv‡_ wkí I K…wli bvg D‡j øL †bB| GKB bv‡g bvbvb RvqMvq e¨vsK| Zvi evev †hB e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib †mB e¨vsKwU h‡_ó cwicvwU K‡i ¸Qv‡bv, A‡bK †jvK KvR K‡i| evev ej‡jb, e¨vsKwU gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| wknv‡ei wPšÍv evev UvKv Rgv †`b Avevi D‡Ëvjb K‡ib- Zvn‡j e¨vsKwU gybvdv AR©b K‡i Kxfv‡e? K. B-e¨vswKs Kx? 1 L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wknve kn‡i e›`‡i †h e¨vsK jÿ¨ Ki‡Q mvsMVwbK wePv‡i Zv †Kvb ai‡Yi e¨vsK e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨vsKwU Kxfv‡e gybvdv AR©b K‡i? wknv‡ei fvebvi †cÖwÿ‡Z welqwU we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. DbœZi B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i AwZ `ªæZ Ges wbf©yj Kvh© cwiPvjbvq mÿg e¨vsK eë ’v‡KB B-e¨vswKs e‡j|

L. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q †h e¨vsK AvgvbZ msMÖn, FY `vb I MÖvnK‡ì wewfbœ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j|




241

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g~jab I A‡_©i ga¨ ’ eëmvqx cÖwZôvb| G cÖwZôvb wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K ¯ímy‡` ev jv‡f A_© msMÖn K‡i| msM„nxZ A_© †ewk my‡` ev jv‡f ¯í‡gqvw` FY wnmv‡e cÖ vb K‡i|

M. wknve kn‡i e›`‡i †h e¨vsK jÿ¨ K‡i‡Q mvsMVwbK wePv‡i Zv kvLv e¨vsK| GKwU cÖavb Awd‡mi Aax‡b kvLv ’Ac‡bi gva¨‡g †h e vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K kvLv e¨vswKs e‡j| wg. wknve bvbvb RvqMvq †h e¨vsK Awdm †`L‡Z cvb Zv g~jZ e¨vsK| e„n`vqZb e¨vsK eëmv‡q e¨vsK¸‡jv †`‡k-we‡`‡k kvLv ’vc‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|

N. Kg my‡` AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges †ewk my‡` FY w`‡q gybvdv AR©b K‡i| e¨vsK wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbwZ wnmv‡ei A_© Rgv iv‡L, FY †`q, wewb‡qvM K‡i, A‡_©i †jb‡`b I †mB mv‡_ wej I eÐ evÆv K‡i Ges †PK, WªvdU, †c-AW©vi BZ¨vw` Bmy I Zvi gh©v`v cÖ vb K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n gybvdv AR©b K‡i|

wknv‡ei wPšÍv evev UvKv Rgv †`b Avevi D‡Ëvjb K‡ib Gi g‡a¨ e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv nq Kxfv‡e? wknve ïay e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv I D‡Ëvjb welqwU †`‡L‡Q| wKš‘ e¨vsK †h Aci c‡ÿ FY `vb I wewb‡qvM K‡i †m welq †m KLbI †`‡Lwb|

e¨vsK g~jZ AvgvbZKvixi A_© Rgv iv‡L Ges Gi wecix‡Z Kg nv‡i my cÖ vb K‡i Aci c‡ÿ e¨vsK FY MÖnxZv I wewb‡qvMKvixi wbKU n‡Z AwaK my cvq| Avi G `y‡qi cv_©K¨B n‡jv e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv| ZvB wknv‡ei aviYvUv wVK bq| DcwiD³ fv‡e e¨vsK gybvdv AR©b K‡i|

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. nvwee †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib Zvi Kg©xiv Kv‡R LyeB AvšÍwiK I PUc‡U| bZzb bZzb †mevI Zviv Advi Ki‡Q| wKš‘ e¨vsKwU Dchy³ ’v‡b kvLv bv †Lvjvq eëmvwqK w`K w`‡q wKQzUv n‡jI gš’i MwZ cwijwÿZ n‡”Q| G welqwU DËi‡Yi Rb¨ eë ’vcK wewfbœ c`‡ÿc nv‡Z wb‡q‡Qb| K. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 1 L. ¯”QjZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. bZzb bZzb †mev cÖ v‡b e¨vsKwU †Kvb bxwZwU AbymiY K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨vsKwU Dchy³ ’v‡b kvLv bv †Lvjvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb bxwZwU cvj‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Q? eë ’vc‡Ki M„nxZ c`‡ÿç‡jv Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ gybvdv AR©b|

L. ¯”QjZv ej‡Z `vq cwi‡kv‡ai mvg_© ‡K eySvq? AvaywbK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© cwi‡e‡k eëmvq m¤cÖmviY Ges mwVKfv‡e wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K h‡_ó ¯”Qj n‡Z nq| G Rb¨ h‡_ó wbR¯ g~jab _vKv Avek¨K| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK hw` Am”Qj nq Ges GKevi Giƒc aviYv RbM‡Yi gv‡S M‡o I‡V Z‡e †mB e¨vsK KLbB Av ’v AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

M. bZzb bZzb †mev cÖ v‡b e¨vsKwU bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Q| MÖvnK‡ì „wó AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb †cÖvWv± I mvwf©m evRv‡i Avbvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv I AvaywbK evwY‡Rï g~jbxwZ| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU bZzb AvgvbZ cÖKí; †hgb- n¾¡ cÖKí, wewfbœ †cbkb ¯‹xg, gvwmK Avq cÖKí,

jvLcwZ BZ¨vw` Ges bZzb bZzb FY I wewb‡qvM cÖKí, Iqvb ÷c mvwf©m, †iwWK¨vk, ATM KvW© BZ¨vw` cÖeZ©b Gi D`vniY|

N. Ae ’vbMZ bxwZ Abymi‡Y e¨_© n‡q‡Q|




242

evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K mdjZvi Rb¨ Dchy³ ’v‡b e¨vs‡Ki kvLv ’vcb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G‡Z g‡°‡ji msL¨v e„w× cvq| †mRb¨ Ave ’v‡bi bxwZ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg bxwZ|

wg. nvwee †h e¨vsKwUi mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡i‡Qb †mB e¨vsKwU cÖPvibxwZ I AvaywbKvq‡bi †ÿ‡Î AMÖMvgx| wKš‘ cÖwZôvbwU kvLv ’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î Ae ’vbMZ bxwZUv mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †mRb¨ e¨vsKwU gybvdv AR©‡b wcwQ‡q c‡o‡Q|

G Ae ’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨ve ’vcK †h me c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cv‡ib Zv n‡jv e¨vsKwU kvLv †Lvjvi †ÿ‡Î Ggb RvqMv kvLv ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b wkí I eëmv‡qi †K› ªwe› y| MÖvnK‡ì KvQvKvwQ e¨vs‡Ki Ae ’vb n‡j fvj nq| G‡Z MÖvnK‡ì hvZvqv‡Zi myweav nq, MÖvnK msL¨v e„w× cvq| DcwiD³ c`‡ÿç‡jv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|

6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: AvgvbZ †_‡K FY Ges FY †_‡K AvgvbZ m„wó nq; GUv fve‡Z †ek AevK jv‡M kg©xi| †m fv‡e AvgvbZ I FY mgvb ev‡o| Zvi eÜz mygb ejj, e¨vsK mivmwi F‡Yi A_© FY MÖvn‡Ki nv‡Z †`q bv| Aek¨ Avgvb‡Zi cy‡ivUv e¨vsK FY w`‡Z cv‡i bv| SLR e‡j GKUv K_v Av‡Q| hw` Zv a‡iv 20% Z‡e Zvi Av‡jv‡K wnmve Ki‡jB 1000 UvKvi cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P KZ UvKv ch©šÍ AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡e Zv †ei Kiv m¤¢e| K. ZvwjKv fy³ e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. B-e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx ZeySvq? 2 M.MÖvnK‡ì eivÏK…Z F‡Yi A_© e¨vsK †Kv_vq Rgv K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. GKUv AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P †h cwigvY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? DÏxc‡Ki D`vniY †_‡K KZ UvKvi Giƒc AvgvbZ m„wó n‡e †ei Ki Zv g~j¨vqb Ki 4 DËi: K. †h me e¨vsK †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki kZ©mg~n †g‡b wb‡q Gi ZvwjKvq AšÍf©y³ nq Zv‡K ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK e‡j|

L. B-e¨vswKs ev B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs c×wZ n‡jv e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ v‡bi AvaywbK †KŠkj ev c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw&³ eënvi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ wbf©yjfv‡e m¤cÖmvwiZ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ vb Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î A_© D‡Ëvjb, msMÖn, ’vbvšÍi, †jb‡`b m¤cbœKiY, Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY, cÖ vb, †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` KvR B‡jKUªwb· c×wZ‡Z m¤úvw`Z nq|

M. MÖvnK‡K eivÏK…Z F‡Yi A_© e¨vsK FYMÖnxZvi AvgbZ wnmv‡e Rgv iv‡L| e¨vsK hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K FY cÖ vb K‡i ZLb mivmwi bM` A_© FY wn‡m‡e cÖ vb bv K‡i FY MÖnxZv‡K Zvi bv‡g GKwU AvgvbZ wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ e‡j Ges D³ wnmve F‡Yi A_© †µwWU K‡i| AZ:ci FYMÖnxZv D³ F‡Yi A_© †P‡Ki gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb K‡i| DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, eÜz myg‡bi K_v Abyhvqx e¨vsK mivmwi F‡Yi A_© FY MÖvn‡Ki nv‡Z †`q bv|

N. GKUv AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P †h cwigvY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i Zv‡K FY AvgvbZ m„wói cÖwµqv e‡j| Awfbe cš’vq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖvß Avgvb‡Zi GKUv wbw ©ó Ask Zvij¨ mwÂwZ wn‡m‡e msiÿY K‡i evwKUv FY †`q Ges FY mivmwi bv w`‡q Zv FYMÖnxZvi AvgvbZ wnmv‡e ’vbvšÍic~e©K cybivq D³ AvgvbZ †_‡K bZzb F‡Yi m„wó K‡i Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó e‡j| FY AvgvbZ = AvgvbZ ÷ bM` Rgvi nvi = 1000 ÷ 20%

= 1000 ÷ 100

20

= 1000 × 20

100

= 5000




243

A_©vr m‡e©v”P AvgvbZ m„wó n‡e 5000| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K‡cvUªb e¨vsK wj. I †fbvm e¨vsK wj. 2010 mv‡j AbygwZ w`‡q e¨vswKs eëmvq ïiæ K‡i| BwZg‡a¨ K‡cvUªb

e¨vsK wj. 150wU kvLv we Ívi K‡i eëmvq we Í…Z K‡i‡Q| GB e¨vs‡Ki GKRb MÖvnK wg‡mm jvqjv‡K mivmwi

bM` A_© FY wn‡m‡e cÖ vb bv K‡i Zvi bv‡g GKwU AvgvbZ wnmve Ly‡j †mLv‡b F‡Yi A_© †µwWU K‡i‡Q|

G‡Z wg‡mm jvqjv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡i| wKš‘ †fbvm e¨vsK †Kv‡bv FY AvgvbZB m„wó Ki‡Z

cv‡iwb|

K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1

L. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ wK wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2

M. K‡cvUªb e¨vsK wj. wg‡mm jvqjvi Rb¨ †Kvb †KŠk‡j FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i‡Q? eY©bv K‡iv| 3

N. †fbvm e¨vsK wj. FY AvgvbZ m„wói kZ© bv gvbvq FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z bv cvivi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY K‡iv| 4

DËi:

K. †h e¨vsK gybvdv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ A_© I A_©‡hvM¨ m¤ú‡ì eëmvq K‡i, Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j|

L. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ Øviv GK e¨vs‡Ki kvLv †_‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡bv kvLv ev e¨vsK‡K wbw`©ó A_© cwi‡kv‡ì wb‡ ©k

†Ìqv nq| ZvB GwU †jb‡`‡bi mnR I wbivc` wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|

M. K‡cvUªb e¨vsK wj. wg‡mm jvqjvi Rb¨ F‡Yi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠk‡j FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i‡Q|

e¨vsK hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K FY cÖ vb K‡i, ZLb mivmwi bM` A_© FY wn‡m‡e cÖ vb bv K‡i

FYMÖnxZv‡K Zvi bv‡g GKwU AvgvbZ wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ e‡j Ges IB wnmv‡e F‡Yi A_© †µwWU K‡i| Gici

FYMÖnxZv IB F‡Yi A_© †P‡Ki gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb K‡i| Gfv‡e cÖ Ë FY Avgvb‡Zi m„wó K‡i|

DÏxc‡K K‡cvUªb e¨vsK wj. wg‡mm jvqjv‡K mivmwi bM` wn‡m‡e cÖ vb K‡iwb; eis Zvi bv‡g GKwU AvgvbZ

wnmve Ly‡j F‡Yi A_© †mB wnmv‡e †µwWU K‡i| Gici wg‡mm jvqjv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g AvgvbZ wnmve †_‡K †mB

A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡i| AvgvbZ wnv‡mi gva¨‡g F‡Yi A_© †Zvjvi GB †KŠkj‡K F‡Yi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wói

†KŠkj e‡j, hv DÏxc‡K msNwUZ n‡q‡Q|

N. †fbvm e¨vsK wj. FY AvgvbZ m„wói Ab¨Zg kZ© ÔkvLv ’vcbÕ K‡iwb| ZvB Zv‡ì FY AvgvbZ m„wó bv

Ki‡Z cviv hyw³hy³|

†Kv‡bv †`‡k GKvwaK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK _vK‡j Ges †mme e¨vs‡Ki AmsL¨ kvLv _vK‡j IB e¨vsK¸‡jv FY

AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠk‡j AšÍf©~³ n‡Z cvi‡e|

DÏxc‡K K‡cvUªb e¨vsK wj. I †fbvm e¨vsK wj. 2010 mv‡j GKB mg‡q cÖwZwôZ n‡q cÖ_gwU kvLv we Ívi K‡i wKš‘

wØZxqwU K‡iwb| cÖ_g e¨vsKwU FY AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠk‡j AšÍf©~³ n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ wØZxqwU FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z

cv‡i wb| KviY, IB †`‡k Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ae ’vb _vK‡jI wØZxq e¨vsKwUi †Kv‡bv kvLv wQj bv|

†h‡nZz †fbvm e¨vsK wj. A_©vr wØZxq e¨vsKwU kvLv ’vcb K‡iwb Ges GwU FY AvgvbZ m„wói Ab¨Zg kZ©, ZvB

ej‡Z cvwi wØZxq e¨vsKwU kvLvi Afv‡e FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z bv cviv m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K|




244

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: GK mgq e¨vsK wnmve ej‡Z PjwZ, mÂqx I ’vqx wnmve‡K eySv‡Zv| PjwZ wnmve Lyj‡Zv eëmvqxiv; †Kvb my cvIqv †hZ bv| wKš‘ PjwZ wnmv‡eI GLb iKg‡di n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi wnmv‡eI GLb my ev gybvdv cvIqv hvq| GKB Ae ’vq mÂqx wnmv‡eI| A‡bK ai‡bi mÂqx wnmve †Lvjv n‡”Q| Drmvne¨ÄK my‡hvM myweav w`‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi wnmve Lyj‡Z DØy× Ki‡Q e¨vsK¸‡jv| wØ¸Y UvKv cÖKí, jv‡LvcwZ †nvb Giƒc bvbv † øvMvb| K. e¨vsK wnmve Kx? 1 L. e¨vs‡Ki mÂqx wnmv‡e cvm eB‡qi Acwinvh©Zv n«vm cv‡”Q †Kb? 2 M. PjwZ wnmv‡e my cvIqv hvq ej‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki MÖvnK‡ì wnmve †_‡K cÖZ¨vkv Kx? GB cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi : K. e¨vsK †h wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g MÖvn‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡i Zv‡K e¨vsK wnmve e‡j|

L. e¨vs‡Ki wnmve weeiYx cÖ v‡bi Kvi‡Y mÂqx wnmv‡ei mv‡_ cvm eB‡qi Acwinvh©Zv n«vm cv‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b AwaKvsk e¨vsK B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z MÖvn‡Ki wnmve msi¶Y K‡i _v‡K| GB c×wZ‡Z cvm eB‡qi Abyiƒc wnmve MÖwnZvi bvg, wnmve b¤i, wnmv‡ei aib BZ¨vw` †jLv _v‡K| GB wnmve weeiYx †h †Kvb mgq MÖvnK wcÖ›U K‡i e¨vsK †_‡K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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N. DÏxc‡K MÖvnK‡ì wnmve †_‡K cÖZ¨vkv cÖZ¨¶ my ev gybvdv cÖvwß| MÖvnKMY Pvq Zv‡ì A_© e¨vs‡K wbivc‡` Mw”QZ _vKzK Ges wbw`©ó mgq ci †mLvb †_‡K Zviv AwaK cwigvY my ev gybvdv cÖZ¨vkv K‡i|

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L. GKRb Qv‡Îi Rb¨ mÂqx wnmve Dchy³| †h wnmv‡e w`‡b hZevi Lykx UvKv Rgv †Ìqv †M‡jI UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi †¶‡Î eva¨ evaKZv _v‡K Ges e¨vsK MÖvnK‡K my ev jvf cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K mÂqx wnmve e‡j| msÁvq cÖ Ë êwk‡óï myweav¸‡jv GKRb Qv‡Îi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| G‡Z Avq wn‡m‡e Zvi cÖ‡qvRb wg‡U I wKQz my cvq| ZvB mÂqx wnmveB Qv‡Îi Rb¨ Dchy³|

M. wg. S PjwZ wnmve Ly‡j‡Qb| †h wnmv‡e w`‡b hZevi Lykx UvKv Rgv`vb I Rgv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq Ges e¨vsK wnmv‡ei wec‡¶ †Kv‡bv my †`q bv Zv‡K PjwZ wnmve e‡j| G wnmve eëmvqxi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| G‡Z Rgvi AwZwi³ D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq| wg. S GKRb eëmvqx| wZwb K‡qKevi e¨vsK †_‡K A_© Rgv I D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| wZwb 50,000 UvKv Rgvi wecix‡Z 70,000 UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i 20,000 UvKv †ekx Zz‡j FY wb‡q‡Qb| GB mg Í êwkó¨¸‡jv PjwZ wnmv‡e †`Lv hvq| myZivs wg. S PjwZ wnmve Ly‡j‡Qb G‡Z m‡›`n †bB|

N. RvwjqvwZ †iv‡a wg. S Gi MICR †PK Bmy i Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv †hŠw³K| MICR †PK Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Magnatic Ink Character recognition. GwU GKwU B‡gR wfwËK †PK| eZ©gv‡b MICR †PK Bmy i gva¨‡g †P‡Ki RvwjqvwZ I A_© AvZ¥mvr †iva Kiv m¤¢e| G‡Z K‡i AvšÍt e¨vswKs †j‡b‡`b wb®úwËI mnRZi nq| DÏxc‡K wg. S Gi GKwU 20000 UvKvi †PK RvwjqvwZi gva¨‡g AvZ¥mvr nq| wZwb cÖPwjZ †P‡Ki wbivcËv wb‡q wPwšÍZ| ZvB e¨vsK‡K wZwb MICR †PK Bmy i Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡i‡Qb B‡gR wfwËK †P‡K AvaywbK cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g mn‡RB cÖZviYv wPwýZ K‡i cÖwZ‡iv‡ai eë ’v †bqv hv‡e| Zvi †PK Avi RvwjqvwZ n‡e bv| myZivs ej‡Z cvwi wg. S Gi MICR †PK Bmy i Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q RvwjqvwZ †iva Kivi D‡`¨vM mwVK|




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5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve kwdK GKRb Pvj eëmvqx| wZwb cÖwZw`b 1-2 j¶ UvKv ch©šÍ †jb‡`b K‡i _v‡Kb| e¨vs‡K Kiv Zvi GKwU e¨vsK wnmve †_‡K wZwb Kvh© PjvKv‡j hZevi B‡”Q A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| kwd‡Ki eÜz Avwm‡di KvuPvgv‡ji Avor Av‡Q| Avo‡Zi cv‡k¦© Aew ’Z GKwU e¨vs‡K wZwb wnmve Ly‡j‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K †bvwUk bv w`‡q 20,000 UvKv †ewk A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv| G‡Z Avwm‡di eëmvwqK Kvh©µ‡g wKQzUv mgm¨v n‡”Q| eëmvwqK †jb‡`b myweavRbKfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ wZwb AwZ ªæZ, wbf~©j Ges eëmvq †mev cvIqvi Rb¨ cwiKíbv Ki‡Qb| K. e¨vsK wnmve Kx? 1 L. e¨vsK cvm eB ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve kwdK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Avwmd eëmvwqK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq †j‡b‡`b myweavi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs eë ’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. e¨vsK MÖvn‡Ki bv‡g †h wnmve Ly‡j A_© †jb‡`‡bi my‡hvM cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K e¨vsK wnmve e‡j|

L. mÂqx wnmve †Lvjvi ci e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡K †jb‡`b msµvšÍ Z_¨ mieiv‡ni j‡¶¨ †h ¶z ªvK…wZi eB mieivn K‡i Zv‡K e¨vsK cvm eB e‡j| cvm eB Gi Ic‡i MÖvn‡Ki bvg I wnmve b¤i †jLv _v‡K| wfZ‡i wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖviw¤¢K †Ri, Rgv I D‡Ëvjb, cÖvwß I cÖ vbmn mgvcbx †Ri ZvwiL Abymv‡i wjwce× Kiv nq|

M. Rbve kwdK PjwZ AvgvbZ ev wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| e¨vs‡Ki †h wnmv‡e cÖwZw`b e¨vsK PjvKvjxb mg‡q MÖvnK hZevi B”Qv UvKv Rgv †`qv I D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K PjwZ wnmve e‡j|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h Rbve kwdK GKRb Pvj eëmvqx| wZwb evs‡K †h wnmve Ly‡j‡Qb H wnmve n‡Z Kvh© PjvKv‡j hZevi Lykx A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| GKRb eëmvqx‡K cÖwZwbqZ Avw_©K †jb‡`b Ki‡Z nq Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vswKs mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| hv PjwZ wnmve wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡e jvf Kiv hvq bv|

N. wg. Avwmd Zvi eëmvwqK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq †jb‡`b myweavi Rb¨ B-e¨vswKs eë ’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| B-e¨vswKs ev B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs n‡jv e¨vswKs eë ’vq AZ¨vaywbK Zworevnx c×wZ †hLv‡b Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i AwZ ªæZ wbf~©jfv‡e m¤cÖmvwiZ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ vb Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î A_© D‡Ëvjb, msMÖn, ’vbvšÍi, †jb‡`b m¤úbœKiY, Z_¨ msMÖn, msi¶Y, cÖ vb, †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` KvR B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z m¤úvw`Z nq|

DÏxc‡Ki wg. Avwmd B-e¨vswKs eë ’v& MÖnY Ki‡j wZwb B”QvgZ hLb Lykx ZLb hZ UvKv cÖ‡qvRb Zv Zzj‡Z cvi‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î †bUIqv‡K©i Aax‡b e¨vs‡Ki †h †Kvb kvLvq wM‡q e¨vsK wnmv‡ei myweav MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Avgvi g‡Z, wg. Avwm‡di mgm¨v B-e¨vswKsB mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ¶y ª eëmvqx wg. wPb¥q `v‡ki wnmv‡e 1,50,000 UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| wZwb 20 RyjvBÕ11 Zvwi‡L mKvj 10Uvq 1,00,000 UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ e¨vs‡K GKwU †PK cvVvb| ycyi 12Uvq 75,000 UvKv bM` Rgv †`b| wZwb †ejv 2Uvq wg. Kwig‡K mwVKfv‡e c~iYK…Z 90,000 UvKvi GKwU †PK cÖ vb K‡ib| H w`bB †ejvq 3 Uvq †P‡Ki UvKv Zzj‡Z †M‡j e¨vsK wg. Kwig‡K wnmv‡e ch©vß UvKv _vKv m‡Ë¡I UvKv w`‡Z A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq| G‡Z wg. wPb¥‡qi eëmv‡q †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o| (SESDP) K. evnK †PK Kx? 1 L. †P‡K `vM KvUv nq †Kb? 2 M. wg. wPb¥q †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eëmv‡qi mybvg I ¯vfvweK †jb‡`b eRvq ivL‡Z wg. wPb¥‡qi KiYxq Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h †P‡Ki UvKv PvwnevgvÎ e¨vsK Gi evnK‡K cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K evnK †PK e‡j|




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L. evnK †PK ev ûKzg †P‡Ki Dcwifv‡M evg †KvYvq AvovAvwofv‡e mgvšÍivj `yÕwU †iLv A¼b K‡i †h †PK ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv‡K `vMKvUv †PK e‡j| †P‡Ki A_© cwi‡kv‡ai †¶‡Î wbivcËv I wbðqZv m„wó‡Z Ges SzuwK n«vmmn wewfbœ ai‡bi myweav AR©‡bi Rb¨B †P‡K `vMKvUv nq|

M. wg. wPb¥q mÂqx wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| †h wnmve mÂq I †mB mv‡_ e¨vswKs †mev cvIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Lvjv nq Zv‡K mÂqx wnmve e‡j| G wnmve mÂq m„wó I g~jab MV‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq, G ai‡bi wnmve ¶z ªeëmvqx, ¯í I ’vqx Av‡qi †jvK‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx, Giƒc wnmv‡e AvgvbZKvix hZevi Lykx UvKv Rgv w`‡Z cvi‡jI wKQz evaëvaKZv _v‡K UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq wg. wPb¥q GKB w`‡b `yÕevi A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ †PK Rgv †`q wKš‘ wØZxq †P‡Ki †¶‡Î e¨vsK Zvi wnmve †_‡K A_© cÖ vb Ki‡Z AcivMZv cÖKvk K‡i|

G ‡_‡K eySv hvq wg. wPb¥‡qi wnmvewU mÂqx wnmve| KviY mvaviYfv‡e G ai‡bi wnmve¸‡jv †_‡K mßv‡n `yev‡ii †ewk A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv Ges D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z PvB‡j c~‡e© †bvwUk w`‡Z nq|

N. eëmv‡qi mybvg I ¯vfvweK †jb‡`b eRvq ivL‡Z wg. wPb¥‡qi KiYxq n‡jv PjwZ wnmve †Lvjv I cwiPvjbv Kiv| †h wnmv‡e e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡K PvwnevgvÎ AvgvbZK…Z A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K PjwZ wnmve e‡j| wg. wPb¥q 20 RyjvB, 2011 Zvwi‡L yevi A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ †PK w`‡j wnmv‡e ch©vß UvKv _vKv m‡Ë¡I e¨vsK wØZxqev‡ii †P‡Ki UvKv w`‡Z Am¤§wZ Rvbvq| wnmvewU mÂqx nIqvi Kvi‡Y G welqwU N‡U| wg. wPb¥q hw` PjwZ wnmve †Lv‡j Zvn‡j w`‡b hZevi Lywk UvKv Rgv I D‡Ëvj‡bi myweav cv‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K ’vqx wnmv‡ei A_© wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv| ZvB ’vqx, mÂqx I PjwZ wnmve ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ejv hvq †h, eëmv‡qi mybvg Ges ¯vfvweK †jb‡`b eRvq ivL‡Z wg. wPb¥‡qi PjwZ wnmve †Lvjv DwPZ| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: avbgwÛi wg. Avwe` ingvb GKRb hy³ivóª cÖevmx| wZwb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡Z Pvb| ZvB Zvi eÜzi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i †mvbvjx e¨vsK I‡qR Avibvm© kvLvq †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wbqwgZ UvKv Rgv ivL‡Qb| Z‡e wKQy UvKv GKÎ K‡i wbw ©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ AwaK jvfRbK Lv‡Z e¨vs‡K †i‡L †`qviI wPšÍv-fvebv Ki‡Qb| (K) exgv mÂqx wnmve Kx? 1 (L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q bv †Kb? 2 (M) wg. Avwe` ingvb †Kvb ai‡bi wnmv‡e UvKv Rgv Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) AwaK jvf cvIqvi Rb¨ wg. Avwe` ingvb †Kvb ai‡bi wn‡m‡e UvKv ivL‡Z cv‡ib? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|4 DËi: K. ‡h wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbZKvix mÂqx wnmv‡ei myweavw` ‡fvM Kivi cvkvcvwk exgvi myweav †fvM K‡I Zv‡K exgv mÂqx wnmve e‡j|

L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ¯í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q bv KviY n‡jv- evwYwR¨K e¨vsK A‡bï A_© w`‡q eëmvq K‡i| AwaK my cÖvwßi Avkvq FY cÖ vb †hgb G e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg jÿ¨ †Zgwb AvgvbZKvixM‡Yi †P‡Ki gh©v`v `vb G e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †hme wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi mÂq msMÖn K‡i Zvi AvbygvwbK 80% Av‡m PjwZ I mÂqx wnmve n‡Z| wKš‘ G y‡Uv wnmv‡ei cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx AvgvbZKvix †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Zvi AvgvbZK…Z A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K me© v †ek wKQz Zvij¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z nq|

M. wg. Avwe` ingvb ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AbvevwmK ewnt ’ wnmv‡e UvKv Rgv Ki‡Qb| we‡`‡k Ae ’vbiZ †Kv‡bv bvMwiK †`kxq †Kv‡bv e¨vs‡Ki kvLvq AvgvbZ wnmve Lyj‡j Zv‡K AbvevwmK ewn ’ wnmve e‡j|

wg. Avwe` ingvb we‡`‡k _v‡Kb| we‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z KóvwR©Z UvKv wZwb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †`‡k cvVv‡Z Pvb| †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki I‡qR Avbvm© kvLv Zv‡K ê‡`wkK gy ªv AbvevwmK wnmve Lyj‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb|




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wg. Avwe` ingv‡bi g‡bv‡bvbxZ e¨w³ Giƒc wnmv‡ei A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov G wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g wZwb RgvK…Z UvKvi Ici ¯ínv‡i my I †c‡q _v‡Kb|

N. AwaK jvf cvIqvi Rb¨ wg. Avwe` ingvb ’vqx wnmv‡e UvKv Rgv ivL‡Z cv‡ib| †h wnmv‡e GKUv wbw ©ó †gqv‡ì Rb¨ A_© Rgv ivLv nq Ges Gi g‡a¨ wbqgvbyhvqx A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K ’vqx wnmve e‡j|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, wg. Avwe` ingvb wKQz UvKv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ AwaK jvfRbK Lv‡Z e¨vs‡K ivL‡Z Pv‡”Qb| wZwb ’vqx wnmv‡e UvKv ivL‡j AwaK my cv‡eb, G wnmve †_‡K wZwb FY myweav cv‡eb| e¨vsK mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv PvR© Kv‡U bv| 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: iwdK I kwdK yB fvB| iwdK GKRb eëmvqx Ges kwdK GKRb PvKwiRxex| Zvu‡ì e¨vsK wnmv‡e h_vµ‡g 20,00,000/= UvKv I 5,00,000/= UvKv Rgv wQj| kwdK eQ‡i wKQz UvKv my wn‡m‡e †c‡jI iwdK Zvui wnmve †_‡K KL‡bv †K‡bv my cvb bv| nVvr Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b iwdK Zvui wnmve †_‡K mgy q A‡_©i AwZwi³ wKQz A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ †PK Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK Zvu‡K A_© cÖ vb Kij| Aci w`‡K kwdKI Rgv A‡cÿv AwZwi³ A_© †P‡q †PK Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK Zv w`‡Z AcivMZv cÖKvk Kij| G‡Z kwdK wKQzUv wPwšÍZ Ges gbtÿzbœ| K. bgybv ¯vÿi KvW© Kx? L. mÂqx wnmve ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. DÏxc‡K iwd‡Ki e¨vsK wnmvewU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK wnmve e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N. kwd‡Ki wnmv‡ei cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx Zvi gbtÿzbœ nIqv wK †hŠw³K? †Zvgvi g‡Zi ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| DËi: K. †h Kv‡W© AvgvbZKvix wnmve †Lvjvi mgq Zvui ¯vÿi cÖ vb K‡i Ges cieZ©x mg‡q e¨vsK wnmve cwiPvjbv we‡klZ A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î ev wnmve MÖnxZvi cwiwPwZi cÖ‡qvR‡b †h DcKiYwU e¨vs‡K me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ nq, Zv-B bgybv ¯vÿi KvW©|

L. mÂqx wnmve n‡jv IB e¨vsK wnmve, hvi gva¨‡g MÖvnKMY Zuv‡ì eZ©gvb Av‡qi GKUv Ask fwel¨r cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges G †_‡K GKUv Avq cÖvwšÍi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨vs‡K Rgv K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ mÂ‡qi cvkvcvwk e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖvnK e¨vs‡K †h wnmve †Lv‡jb ZvB mÂqx wnmve| G wnmv‡ei AvgvbZKvixMY w`‡b hZevi Lywk UvKv Rgv w`‡jI wKQz evaëvaKZvi †fZ‡i †_‡K UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| G wnmv‡e RgvK…Z A‡_©i Ici evwl©K, Aa©evwl©K wfwË‡Z my cÖ vb Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k e¨vsK‡f‡` G my‡ì nvi 5% †_‡K 7%|

M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z iwd‡Ki e¨vsK wnmvewU GKwU PjwZ wnmve| †h wnmve ïay eëmvqxiv cwiPvjbv K‡ib Ges †h wnmve †_‡K mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv my` cÖ vb Kiv nq bv wKš‘ w`‡b hZevi Lywk ZZevi A_© D‡Ëvjb I Rgv †Ìqv hvq, Zv‡K PjwZ wnmve e‡j| G wnmve mvaviYZ mÂqx D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv nq bv Ges eëmvwqK †jb‡`‡b Gi mwVK I myôz cwiPvjbvi Rb¨B Kiv nq|

DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB iwdK GKRb eëmvqx| wZwb GKwU e¨vsK wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb, hv †_‡K eQ‡i wZwb †Kv‡bv my †c‡Zb bv| Ges Avgiv Av‡iv †`L‡Z cvB Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb Zvui wnmve †_‡K mgyq A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi ciI AwZwi³ A_© Zzj‡Z cvi‡Qb| G myweav‡K mvaviYZ RgvwZwi³ myweav (Ifvi WªvdU) e‡j| G êwkó¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ me¸‡jvB e¨vs‡Ki PjwZ wnmv‡ei êwkó¨| †hgb, Avgiv Rvwb, PjwZ wnmv‡ei MÖvnK mvavibZ eëmvqx| Zvuiv Zv‡ì eëmvwqK †jb‡`b mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ G wnmve Ly‡j _v‡Kb| Avgiv AviI †`L‡Z cvB iwcK Zvui wnmve †_‡K †Kv‡bv my cvb bv| Avgiv Rvwb, e¨vsK mvavibZ Zvi PjwZ wnmve MÖnxZv‡ì Rgvi Ici †Kv‡bv my cÖ vb K‡i bv|

Avgiv AviI †`L‡Z cvB iwcK Zvui Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨vsK †_‡K RgvwZwi³ A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb, hv ïay PjwZ wnmve MÖnxZv‡ì‡KB e¨vsK cÖ vb K‡i| DcwiD³ me êwkó¨ GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h iwd‡Ki e¨vsK wnmve GKwU PjwZ wnmve|




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N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z kwd‡Ki e¨vsK wnmv‡ei cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx Zvi gbtÿzbœ nIqv †hŠw³K bq e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| KviY, Zvui wnmvewU wQj mÂqx wnmve| †h wnmv‡e MÖvnKMY Zvu‡ì eZ©gvb Av‡qi GKwU Ask fwel¨r cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges G †_‡K GKUv Avq cÖvwßi D‡Ï‡k¨ A_© Rgv K‡ib, Zv‡K mÂqx wnmve e‡j|

DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, kwdK GKRb PvKwiRxex| wZwb Ggb GKwU e¨vsK wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb, hv †_‡K wZwb eQi †k‡l Rgvi Ici my †c‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Riæwi Kvi‡Y hLb e¨vsK †_‡K Rgvi AwZwi³ A_© D‡Ïvj‡bi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡jb, e¨vsK Zv cÖ v‡b Amg_©Zv Rvbvj| Gme êwkó¨ mÂqx wnmv‡ei †ejvqB ïay we`¨gvb| Avgiv Rvwb, e¨vs‡K mÂqx wnmve MÖnxZv mvaviYZ ZuvivB nb, hvuiv mÂ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv K‡ib| e¨vs‡K G ai‡bi wmv‡e Rgvi mn&P‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv K‡ib| e¨vsK G ai‡bi wnmv‡e Rgvi Ici my cÖ vb K‡i, hv Avgiv kwdK mv‡n‡ei e¨vsK wnmv‡eI †`L‡Z cvB| G Qvov Avgiv Rvwb, e¨vsK mn&Pqx wnmv‡e mvavibZ RgvwZwi³ D‡Ëvj‡bi myweav †P‡q e¨_© nb| myZivs Gme êwkó¨B cÖgvY K‡i kwd‡Ki wnmvewU wQj GKwU mÂqx wnmve|

kwdK Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvui wnmve †_‡K RgvK…Z A‡_©i AwaK D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ e¨vsK Zv‡Z Amg_©Zv cÖKvk Kivq wZwb wKQzUv gbtÿzbœ I wPwšÍZ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Avgiv Rvwb, e¨vsK Zvi mÂqx wnmve MÖnxZv‡ì G myweav (RgvwZwi³ D‡Ëvjb ev OD) †`b bv| myZivs Avwg g‡b Kwi, Zvui gbtÿzbœ nIqv †hŠw³K wQj bv|




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PZz_© Aa¨vq: e¨vsK wnmve Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| GK mgq e¨vsK wnmve ej‡Z PjwZ, mÂqx I ’vqx wnmve‡KB eySv‡Zv| PjwZ wnmve Lyj‡Zv eëmvqxiv| †Kv‡bv my cvIqv †h‡Zv bv| wKš‘ PjwZ wnmv‡eI GLb iKg‡di n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi wnmv‡eI GLb my ev gybvdv cvIqv hvq| GKB Ae ’vq mÂqx wn‡m‡eI| KZ ai‡bi mÂqx wnmve †Lvjv n‡”Q| Drmvne¨ÄK my‡hvM-myweav w`‡q wewfbœ wewfbœ ai‡bi wnmve Lyj‡Z DØy× Ki‡Q e¨vsK¸‡jv wØ¸Y UvKv cÖKí, jv‡LvcwZ †nvb- G iKg bvbvb †køvMvb| K. e¨vsK wnmve Kx? 1 L. e¨vs‡Ki mÂqx wnmv‡e cvm eB‡qi Acwinvh©Zv n«vm cv‡”Q †Kb? 2 M. PjwZ wnmv‡e my cvIqv hvq ej‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi PjwZ wnmve‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki MÖvnK‡ì wnmve †_‡K cÖZ¨vkv Kx? GB cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y e¨vs‡Ki Kg©cÖqvm g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| ïf GKRb QvÎ| Zvi A‡bK eÜz e¨vs‡K wnmve Ly‡j‡Q| †mI e¨vsK wnmve Lyj‡Z †Mj| Zvi ATM KvW© Pvq, AbjvBb myweav Pvq| A_P wg. DwÏb GKRb AemicÖvß miKvwi PvKz‡i| GK‡Î †ek wKQz UvKv †c‡q‡Q| wZwb wnmve Lyyj‡eb| wKš‘ Zvi ïf-Gi g‡Zv e¨vswKs †mevi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v wg. ivqnv‡bi fvebv-wewfbœ ai‡bi MÖvnK e¨vs‡K wnmve †Lv‡j Ges Giv mevB g~jëvb| K. bgybv ¯vÿi KvW© Kx? 1 L. wnmve Lyj‡Z cwiPqKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o †Kb? 2 M. ïf †h mKj myweav Pvq Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjv DËg e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. DwÏb †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Lyj‡j jvfevb n‡eb? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Gi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| 1976 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q co‡Z G‡m kvnevM †gv‡o GK mvBb‡ev‡W© †`‡LwQjvg, ÔPÂj UvKv AÂ‡j †e‡av bvÕ| gvbyl‡K mÂ‡q DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ G cÖPvi Zv ey‡SwQ| GI ey‡SwQ cÖwZôvb¸‡jv RgvK…Z AvgvbZ †_‡K Fb wb‡q gybvdv K‡i| Aek¨ †`‡ki A_©bxwZI Gi Øviv jvfevb nq| K. GKK e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. MÖvgxY e¨vsK m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AvgvbZ †_‡K FY w ‡q cÖwZôvb Kxfv‡e gybvdv K‡i? AvgvbZ Rgvi mv‡_ † k I e vs‡Ki jv‡fi m¤úK© g~j vqb Ki| 4

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. ZvjyK`vi GKRb eëmvqx| fv‡jv eëmvq Ki‡Qb| h‡_ó UvKvI _vK‡Q †Kv¤úvwbi e¨vsK wnmv‡e| bZzb wewb‡qv‡M †h‡Z Pvb bv| eÜz wg. †PŠayix Zv‡K Zvi jvfRbK eëmv‡q wKQz wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z ej‡jb| wKš‘ wg. ZvjyK`vi fve‡Qb, AvcvZZ e¨vs‡KB bZzb wnmve Ly‡j UvKv ivL‡eb| c‡i †f‡e-wP‡šÍ wewb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e| h_vixwZ wZwb e¨vs‡K wnmve Lyj‡jb| e¨vsK Zv‡K †Kv‡bv †PK eB †`qwb| Av‡Mi wnmv‡e wZwb †h mKj †mev myweav †c‡Zb GLv‡b Zvi A‡bKB †bB| UvKv bó nqwb, UvKv wb‡q fve‡Z nqwb GUv †f‡eB wZwb Z…ß|




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K. Rgv iwm` Kx? 1 L. mÂqx wnmve ej‡Z wK eySvq? 2 M. wg. ZvjyK`vi e¨vs‡K bZzb Kx wnmve Ly‡j‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. bZzb wnmv‡e wg. ZvjyK vi‡K Kx † qv n‡q‡Q? Av‡Mi wnmv‡ei gZ myweav †c‡jI Zvi Z…ß nIqvi KviY we‡kølY Ki| 4

6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Rvdi PvKwiRxex| fv‡jv Avq K‡ib| LiP ev` †ek wKQz UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv nq| wKš‘ GB UvKv a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv| G I nvIjvZ Pvq| UvKv w`‡j h_vmg‡q †dir cvIqv hvq bv| wZwb e¨vsK g¨v‡bRvi‡K ej‡jb, GKUv Dcvq ev\†j w`b hv‡Z UvKv AvU‡K ivL‡Z cvwi| g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne †h eyw× w`‡jb Zv‡Z Zvi DcKvi n‡q‡Q| GLb e¨vs‡K UvKv _vK‡jI Zv mn‡R DVv‡Z bv cvivq eÜz‡ì‡K †`qv m¤¢e nq bv| wg. Rvdi Av‡Mi wnmveUv ev` w`‡Z Pv‡”Qb| g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne ej‡jb Av‡Mi wnmveUv‡Zv _vK‡ZB n‡e| K. PjwZ wnmve Kx? 1 L. cvm eB ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. e¨vsK g¨v‡bRvi Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjvi civgk© w`‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rvd‡ii cÖ_g e¨vsK wnmvewU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj? GwU Pvjy ivL‡Z ejvi hZv_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4

7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve gyÝx †emiKvwi Awd‡m ¯í †eZ‡b PvKwi K‡ib| msmvi Pvjv‡ZB wngwmg Lvb| Zvi eÜz Rbve AvwRg ej‡jv, Kó‡Zv Ki‡QvB, GiB g‡a¨ 100 UvKv K‡i n‡jI RgvI| †`L‡e Af¨vm e`‡j‡Q| Rbve gyÝx e¨vs‡K wnmve Ly‡j cÖwZ gv‡m Pvik UvKv Rgv †`b| 10 eQi ci GK jÿ UvKv cv‡eb| yÕGKUv †QvU e` Af¨vm wQj ZvI Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb| wZwb fve‡Qb eÜzi civgk© Zvi Rxeb e`‡j w`‡q‡Q| mevB‡K hw` G civgk© †`qv †h‡Zv Zvn‡j e¨w³, mgvR I †`k mevB DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡Zv| K. ’vqx wnmve Kx? 1 L. PjwZ wnmve ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve gyÝx †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Ly‡j‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz Zvi g‡a †Kvb ai‡bi Af vm m„wói civgk© w ‡qwQ‡jb? mevB‡K Giƒc civgk© w ‡j Kx jvf n‡e g~j vqb Ki| 4

8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbylB Mixe I e¨vs‡Ki bvMv‡ji evB‡i| A_P Mixe gvbylI wKPz mÂq K‡i| hv RvZxq g~jab MV‡b †Zgb Kv‡R Av‡m bv| hw` e¨vsK¸‡jv evwo‡Z evwo‡Z gvwUi evsK w`‡q G‡m Zvi ÿz ª mÂq e¨vs‡K G‡b Rgv Ki‡Zv Z‡e KZB bv fv‡jv n‡Zv| MÖv‡g-M‡Ä 10 UvKvq we‡kl ai‡bi gvby‡li Rb¨ wnmve †Lvjvi †h my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q miKvi Zv LyeB Avkve¨ÄK| K. e¨vsK wnmve weeiYx Kx? 1 L. ’vqx wnmve ej‡Z wK eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K gvwUi e¨vsK mswkøó †h wnmv‡ei K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. MÖv‡g-M‡Ä 10 UvKvq †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjv hvq| G ai‡bi wnmv‡ei h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4

9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Drmvnx KÕRb eÜz cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi wfwË‡Z GKUv eëmvq cÖwZôvb MVb K‡i‡Q| cÖwZw`b hv wKQz †ePv‡Kbv nq †mUv Zv‡ì GK eÜzi Kv‡Q Rgv _v‡K| Zviv eëmv‡qi bv‡g GKUv e¨vsK wnmve Lyj‡e fvewQj| †h wnmv‡e Zviv cÖwZwbqZ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| e¨vs‡K †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡j g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne ej‡jb, Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ wjwLZ Pzw³ n‡q‡Q Kx bv? AviI wKQz KvMRcÎ Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| Zviv fve‡jv G‡Z †ek wKPz mgq jvM‡e| ZvB Zviv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì bv‡gB †hŠ_ wnmve †Lvjvi wm×všÍ wbj| K. we‡kl PjwZ wnmve Kx? 1 L. GKRb m`¨ AemicÖvß miKvwi PvKz‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve DËg I †Kb? 2 M. wZb eÜz Kx ai‡bi e¨vsK wnmve Lyj‡e e‡j †f‡ewQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz‡ì wnmve Lyj‡Z cÖavb Kx `wjj Rgv PvIqv n‡q‡Q? G‡ÿ‡Î wm×všÍ cwieZ©‡bi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4




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10| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| GKUv cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, e¨vs‡K mvaviY gvbyl I cÖwZôv‡bi wnmve msL¨v me©vwaK| Zv‡ì mvgwóK Rgvi cwigvYI A‡bK †ewk| wKš‘ m¤ú` bv _vKvq Giv e¨vsK FY cvq bv| FY †bqvi AvMÖnI G‡ì Kg| Ab¨w`‡K Ggb gvby‡liv FY †bq hviv weËevb I mgv‡R msL¨v Kg| G‡ì AwaKvskB Drcv`b I µq-weµq Kv‡R RwoZ _v‡K| e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v wg. kvgx‡gi aviYv, mvaviY gvbyl‡K Fb w`‡q GwM‡q wb‡Z cvi‡j †mUv †`‡ki Rb¨ Ges †mB mv‡_ e¨vs‡Ki fv‡jv n‡Zv| K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? 1 L. B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mgv‡R †Kvb †kªYx FY †bq ejv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvaviY gvbyl‡K FY cÖ v‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb mgm v Kx? Zv‡ i FY w ‡q kvgx‡gi aviYvi KZUv ev ÍevwqZ n‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4

11| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| jUvix‡Z cvIqv 10 jÿ UvKv wb‡q gybœv wec‡` c‡o‡Q| †f‡e cv‡”Q bv Kx Ki‡e| GZ¸‡jv UvKv Gfv‡e †d‡j ivLv wbivc` n‡e bv| ZvB †Kv‡bv †PK eB mieivn K‡iwb| G‡Z †gqv` c~wZ©i Av‡M A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j gybœv Kx Ki‡e GUv †f‡e †m Lye wPwšÍZ| (K) e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 (L) PjwZ I mÂqx wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2 (M) gybœv †h wnmvewU Ly‡j‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve? 3 (N) 06/10/12 ZvwiL nVvr A‡_©i c Ö‡qvRb nIqvq mygb Zvi eÜzi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv wb‡gœv³ †PKwU

e¨vs‡K Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK †P‡Ki A_© cÖ v‡b A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq| G‡Z mygb mgm¨vq c‡o hvq| 4

12| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wgicy‡i †gvwn`yj Bmjvg GKRb hy³ivóª cÖevmx| wZwb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡Z Pvb| ZvB Zvi eÜzi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i †mvbvjx e¨vsK I‡qR Abvm© kvLvq †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wbqwgZ UvKv Rgv ivL‡Qb| Z‡e wKQz UvKv GKÎ K‡i wbw`©ó mg‡qi R‡b¨ AwaK jvfRbK Lv‡Z e¨vs‡K †i‡L †`qviI wPšÍv fvebv Ki‡Qb| (K) e¨vsK nvi Kx? 1 (L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kb `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q bv? 2 (M) †gvwn`yj Bmjvg †Kvb ai‡bi wnmv‡e UvKv Rgv K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) AwaK jvfRbK †Kvb Lv‡Z †gvwn`yj Bmjvg UvKv Rgv ivL‡Z cv‡ib? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

13| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| jUvix‡Z cvIqv 10 jÿ UvKv wb‡q gybœv wec‡` c‡o‡Q| †f‡e cv‡”Q bv Kx Ki‡e| GZ¸‡jv UvKv Gfv‡e †d‡j ivLv wbivc` n‡e bv| ZvB †Kv‡bv †PK eB mieivn K‡iwb| G‡Z †gqv` c~wZ©i Av‡M A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j gybœv Kx Ki‡e GUv †f‡e †m Lye wPwšÍZ| (K) e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 (L) PjwZ I mÂqx wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2 (M) gybœv †h wnmvewU Ly‡j‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve? 3 (N) 06/10/12 ZvwiL nVvr A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq mygb Zvi eÜzi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv wb‡gœv³ †PKwU

e¨vs‡K Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK †P‡Ki A_© cÖ v‡b A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq| G‡Z mygb mgm¨vq c‡o hvq| 4

14| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wgicy‡i †gvwn`yj Bmjvg GKRb hy³ivóª cÖevmx| wZwb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡Z Pvb| ZvB Zvi eÜzi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i †mvbvjx e¨vsK I‡qR Abvm© kvLvq †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wbqwgZ UvKv Rgv ivL‡Qb| Z‡e wKQz UvKv GKÎ K‡i wbw`©ó mg‡qi R‡b¨ AwaK jvfRbK Lv‡Z e¨vs‡K †i‡L †`qviI wPšÍv fvebv Ki‡Qb| (K) e¨vsK nvi Kx? 1 (L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kb `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q bv? 2 (M) †gvwn`yj Bmjvg †Kvb ai‡bi wnmv‡e UvKv Rgv K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) AwaK jvfRbK †Kvb Lv‡Z †gvwn`yj Bmjvg UvKv Rgv ivL‡Z cv‡ib? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4



1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| †P‡Ki eënvi me©Î| eëmvqxmn me ai‡bi gvbylB †PK cQ›` K‡ib| †P‡Ki GLb e‡ov myweav n‡jv GK kvLvi †PK Ab¨ kvLv †_‡K fv½v‡bv hvq| ZvB bM` UvKvi †jb‡`b GKev‡i Kwg‡qB w`‡q‡Qb eëmvqx wg. mRj| wZwb Pz¤Kxq kw³ m¤úbœ GK ai‡bi cøvw÷K KvW© eënvi K‡ib| †PK eënv‡ii wKQz mgm¨v †_‡KI wZwb gy³ n‡q‡Qb| K. evnK †PK Kx? 1 L. mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. GK kvLvi †PK Ab¨ kvLvq fv½v‡bv ej‡Z †Kvb ai‡Yi e¨vswKs‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q wjL| 3 N. wg: mRj A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi †h KvW© eënvi K‡ib Zvi bvg Kx? Gi eënv‡ii †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h †P‡Ki UvKv PvwnevgvÎ e¨vsK Gi evnK †K cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K evnK †PK e‡j|

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2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| e¨vs‡Ki K¨vk Awdmvi wgm we›`y bZzb PvKzwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Rbve gykwd‡Ki †jLv GKwU †PK †c‡jb †P‡Ki cÖvcK Rbve Ryev‡qi| MÖvnK †P‡K ¯vÿi K‡i UvKv DVv‡bvi Rb¨ Dc ’vcb Ki‡j wgm we›`y †`L‡jb, cÖvcK I MÖvnK GK e¨w³ bq| wcQ‡b Rbve Ryev‡q‡ei †Kvb Aby‡gv`b ¯vÿi bv _vKvq wZwb †PKwU †dir w`‡jb| MÖvnK g¨v‡bRvi mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡j g¨v‡bRvi wgm we›`y‡K Ab¨ me wKQz wVK _vKvq UvKv w`‡q †`qvi wb‡ ©k w`‡jb| K. †PK Kx? L. B-e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. wgm we›`y cÖvß †PKUv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki| N. cÖK…Z c‡ÿ †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj? g¨v‡bRvi mv‡n‡ei wb‡`©‡ki h_vh_Zv we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. AvgvbZKvix KZ…©K e¨vsK †_‡K A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ kZ©nxb wb‡ ©kbvgv‡KB †PK e‡j|

L. B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs c×wZ n‡jv e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ v‡bi AvaywbK †KŠkj ev c×wZ GwU Ggb GK ai‡bi e¨vswKs †mev c×wZ †hLv‡b DbœZi B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ wbf~©j Ges e¨vcK we Í…Z †mev cÖ vb m¤¢e| G ai‡bi e¨vswKs c×wZ mbvZb, KvwqK kªgwbf©i, mxwgZ †mev m¤wjZ, gš’i KvMR I bw_i RgvK…Z ‘‡ci mKj e¨vswKs c×wZi Aemvb NwU‡q‡Q|

M. wgm we› y cÖvß †PKUv‡K ûKzg †PK wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡ib| †h †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bv‡gi †k‡l A_ev Av‡`kvbymv‡i kãØq †jLv _v‡K Zv‡K ûKzg †PK e‡j| Giƒc †PK Aby‡gv`‡bi Øviv n ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z nq| DÏxc‡K wgmwe›`y cÖ_‡g †h †PKUv †c‡q‡Qb Zv Rbve gykwd‡Ki †jLv wKš‘ †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg Rbve Ryev‡qi| Rbve gykwdK Ryev‡qi bv‡g †PKwU wj‡Lb| ZvB cÖvcKI Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK Qvov †PKUv e¨vs‡K Dc ’vcb K‡i Gi UvKv msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j G †PK AwaK wbivc`| Z‡e GwU mn‡R n ÍvšÍi †hvM¨ bv nIqvq Ges evn‡Ki †P‡K `vMKvUvi e¨vcK cÖPj‡bi Giƒc †P‡K eënvi K‡g G‡m‡Q|

N. cÖK…Z c‡ÿ †PKwU evnK †PK wQj| †h‡Kvb e¨w³ ev evnK e¨vs‡K Dc ’vcb K‡i †h †P‡Ki A_© msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K evnK †PK e‡j| Giƒc †PK mn‡R †Pbvi Dcvq n‡jv Zv‡Z cÖvc‡Ki bv‡gi †k‡l ÒA_ev evnK‡KÓ kãØq †jLv _v‡K| DÏxc‡K gykwdK †h‡nZz †PKwU ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg Rbve Ryev‡qi| wKš‘ wcQ‡b Rbve Ryev‡q‡ei †Kvb Aby‡gv`b ¯vÿi bv _vKvq wgm we›`y †PKwU †dir w`‡jb| evnK †P‡Ki myweav n‡jv Zv‡Z †Kvb Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| MÖvnK g v‡bRvi mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡j g¨v‡bRvi wgm we› y‡K mewKQz wVK _vK‡j UvKv w`‡q †`qv wb‡ ©k w ‡jb| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Bmjvg Zvi †jLv GKUv †PK Rbve myRb‡K w`‡jb| †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki Ni duvKv wQj| †P‡Ki g‡a¨ wKQz †jLv wQj bv| Rbve myRb †PKwU Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv †`qvi Rb¨ †P‡Ki evgcv‡k AvovAvwofv‡e `ywU `vM‡K‡U Kg©Pvixi gva¨‡g e¨vs‡K cvVv‡jb| e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg bv _vKvq Zv g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne‡K Rvbv‡jb| g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne Kg©KZ©v‡K ej‡jb †P‡Ki A_© wg. myR‡bi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i wb‡j †Kvb mgm¨v †bB| K. evwm †PK Kx? L. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. wg. Bmjv‡gi †PKwU cÖ_gZ †Kvb ai‡bi wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU‡Z †h `vMKvUv n‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi Gi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. †h †P‡Ki †gqv` DËxY© n‡q †M‡Q, Zv‡K evwm †PK e‡j|

L. Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z n ÍvšÍ‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯vÿi cÖ vb‡K eySvq| Indorsement K_vwU j¨vwUb Indorsum kã n‡Z G‡m‡Q e‡j A‡b‡Ki aviYv| GLv‡b In A_© Dc‡i, Avi dorsum A_© †cQ‡b ev wc‡V|




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myZivs, n ÍvšÍi‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †P‡Ki Dc‡i ev †cQ‡b ¯vÿi †`qv‡K †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b e‡j| evnK ev ûKzg †PK n ÍvšÍ‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖvnK GwUi Dc‡i ev †cQ‡b ¯vÿi cÖ vb K‡i _v‡Kb|

M. wg. Bmjv‡gi †PKwU cÖ_g evnK †PK| †h †PK †h †Kvb evnK Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK UvKv cÖ vb K‡i| Zv‡K evnK †PK e‡j| Pvwnev gvÎ evnK †P‡Ki aviK‡K ev evnK‡K e¨vsK UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM †`q| evnK †PK n ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g Gi gvwjKvbv I ’vbvšÍwiZ nq| Z‡e †h‡Kvb evnK UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j Giƒc †P‡Ki wbivcËv A‡cÿvK…Z Kg| wg. Bmjvg †h †PKwU w`‡q‡Q Zv evnK †PK| wg. Bmjvg †PKwU myRb‡K w`‡q‡Qb| myRb wb‡R bv wM‡q Zvi Kg©Pvix‡K w`‡q †PKwU e¨vs‡K cvVv‡jb| myZivs Bnv GKwU evnK †PK|

N. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU‡Z †h `vMKvUv n‡q‡Q Zv mvaviY `vMKvUv †PK| †h `vMKvUv †P‡K `v‡Mi gvSLv‡b e¨vs‡Ki bvg e¨ZxZ Ab¨‡Kvb kãvewj †jLv _v‡K ev dvuKv _v‡K Zv‡K mvaviY `vMKvUv †PK e‡j| Giƒc †PK cÖvc‡Ki e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv w`‡q A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡K Rbve myRb †P‡Ki evgcv‡k AvovAvwofv‡e `ywU `vM‡K‡U Kg©Pvix‡K w`‡jb| `v‡Mi gv‡S †Kvb wKQz †jLv †bB|

myZivs `v‡Mi gv‡S †Kvb wKQz †jLv _vK‡Z cv‡i ev bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i weavq GUv‡K mvaviY `vMKvUv †PK ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. AvjZvd GKRb eëmvqx| XvKvq Zvi wbR¯ †`vKvb †_‡K wewfbœ cÖKvi cY¨ LyPiv I cvBKvix g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb| MZ gvP© 31, 2012 Zvwi‡L dwKivcy‡ji iwng †UªWv‡m©i KvQ †_‡K h_vµ‡g 2,00,000 I 1,00,000 UvKvi `yÕwU †PK c‡Yï g~j¨ eve` MÖnY K‡ib| cÖ_g †PKwU bM‡` e¨vsK †_‡K D‡Ëvjb Kiv †M‡jI wØZxq †PKwUi A_© e¨vsK mivmwi cÖ v‡b A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡jv| K. †PK Kx? 1 L. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. iwng †UªWvm n‡Z cÖ_g chv©‡qi †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wØZxq ch©v‡qi †PKwUi A_© e¨vsK mivmwi cÖ vb bv Kivi g~j KviY Kx wQj? welqwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. e¨vsK †_‡K A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi wjwLZ kZ©nxb wb‡`©kbvgv‡KB †PK e‡j|

L. KviI wbKU n ÍvšÍ‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †P‡Ki wcQ‡b ¯vÿi Kiv‡K mvaviYfv‡e †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b e‡j| n ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBb Abyhvqx †PK G ai‡bi n ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ F‡Yi `wjj, hv êa Aby‡gv`‡bi Øviv GKR‡bi wbKU †_‡K Ab¨R‡bi wbKU n ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq| Z‡e Giƒc Aby‡gv`b Aek¨B AvBbvbyM n‡Z nq|

M. iwng †UWvm© Gi cÖ Ë cÖ_g ch©v‡qi †PKwU evnK †PK| †h †P‡Ki UvKv PvwnevgvÎ e¨vsK Gi evn‡K cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K evnK †PK e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki iwng †UªWv‡m©i cÖ Ë cÖ_g ch©v‡qi †PKwU wQj evnK †PK| hvi d‡j wg. AvjZvd cÖ_g ch©v‡qi †PKwU e¨vs‡K cÖ vb Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb|

N. wØZxq ch©v‡qi †PKwU wQj `vMKvUv †PK| †P‡Ki Dcwifv‡M y'‡Uv mgvšÍivj †iLv †U‡b †h †PK cÖ ÍyZ Kiv nq Zv‡K `vM KvUv †PK e‡j| †P‡Ki wbivcËv e„w× Ges SzuwK n«v‡mi j‡ÿ¨ AvaywbK e¨vswKs RM‡Z `vMKvUv †P‡Ki cÖPjb n‡q‡Q|

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5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI|

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M. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †diZ †`qv‡K e¨vs‡Ki cwifvlvq †P‡Ki Agh©v`v e‡j|

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6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. nvmvb GKRb eo eëmvqx| wZwb A‡bK e¨ ÍZvi Kvi‡Y Zvi †Q‡j‡K cÖwZgv‡m †jLvcovi Li‡Pi R‡b¨ GKwU cuvP nvRvi UvKvi †PK cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Q‡j Avqvb GB UvKv †Zv‡jb| Gevi Avqvb cuvP nvRvi UvKvi e„wË †c‡q‡Q| e„wËi UvKvi †PK wb‡q e¨vs‡K †M‡j e¨vsK Zv‡K GKwU wnmve Ly‡j UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi civgk© w`‡jb| K. evwm †PK Kx? 1 L. cÖZ¨qcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Avqv‡bi evev ‡Kvb ai‡bi †PK eënvi K‡ib- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K Avqv‡bi e„wËi UvKv †Kvb ai‡bi †PK - we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖ ‘Z Zvwi‡Li ci †_‡K †PK fv½v‡bvi AvBbvbyM wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †PK fv½v‡bv bv n‡j D³ †PK‡K evwm †PK ev evwZj †PK e‡j| Avgv‡ì †`‡k GB †gqv` Qq gvm|

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N. Avqv‡bi e„wËi UvKv `vMKvUv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g †cÖiY K‡i‡Q| evnK ev ûKzg †P‡Ki evg †KvYvq AvovAvwofv‡e `yÕwU mgvšÍivj mij †iLv Uvbv n‡j H †PK‡K `vMKvUv †PK e‡j| Giƒc `v‡Mi gv‡S wKQz †jLv n‡Z cv‡i ev bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc †P‡Ki A_© miKvwi e¨vsK KvD›Uvi n‡Z msMÖn Kiv hvq bv; e¨vs‡K †PK Rgv w`‡q A_© msMÖ‡ni ci †PK †K‡U Zv msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| d‡j GB †PK AwaK wbivc`|

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M. Rbve ÔKÕ Zvui eÜz‡K cÖ_‡g †Kvb ai‡bi †PK cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb, e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 N. Rbve L-Gi civgk© Abyhvqx †PKwUi cwieZ©b Kx †jb‡`b‡K AwaK wbivc` Ki‡e? †Zvgvi g‡Zi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. e¨vsK GKwU Avw_©K ga¨ ’ZvKvix eëmv cÖwZôvb, hv RbMY †_‡K A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i, FY †`q, MÖvn‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Ges FY I A_© m„wómn wewfbœ ai‡bi Avw_©K KvR m¤úv`b K‡i|

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mÂqx wnmve †Lvjvi ci e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡K †jb‡`b-msµvšÍ Z_¨ mieiv‡ni j‡ÿ¨ †h †QvU eB mieivn K‡i, Zv‡K cvm eB e‡j| G‡Z MÖvn‡Ki bvg, wnmve b¤i, cÖviw¤¢K †Ri, Rgv, D‡Ëvjb BZ¨vw` ZvwiL Abymv‡i D‡jøL _v‡K| B`vbxs wKQz e¨vsK cvm eB‡qi e`‡j e¨vsK Rgv iwm` ev wW‡cvwRU w øc cÖ vb K‡i|

M. Rbve K Zvui eÜz L-‡K eëmvwqK †jb‡`b eve` cÖ_‡g GKwU ÔevnK †PKÕ cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔevnK †PKÕ ej‡Z IB me †PK‡K †evSvq, †h¸‡jvq MÖvn‡Ki bv‡gi cv‡k A_ev evnK‡K kãØq wjwce× _v‡K| G ai‡bi †PK MÖvnK wb‡R ev Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K w`‡q bM` (K¨vk) Ki‡Z cv‡i| G †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg †jLv bv _vK‡jI e¨vsK Gi evnK‡K UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡i|

N. Avwg g‡b Kwi, Rbve L-Gi civgk© Abyhvqx †PKwU‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡j Zv †jb‡`b‡K AwaK wbivc` Ki‡e| KviY, Rbve L †h `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z IB ai‡bi †PK‡K †evSvq, hvi Ic‡i evu cv‡k †Kvbvq AvovAvwofv‡e `ywU mgvšÍivj `vM KvUv _v‡K| `vM ywUi gv‡S †Kv‡bv wKQz †jLv _vK‡Z cv‡i Avevi bv-I _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ G ai‡bi †P‡Ki A_© †Kv‡bvfv‡eB bM‡` D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv eis Zv MÖvn‡Ki e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z nq|

DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, Rbve K hLb GKwU evnK †PK Zvui eÜz‡K cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb, ZLb Zvui eÜz Zvu‡K †P‡Ki Ic‡i AvovAvwofv‡e `ywU mgvšÍivj `vM w`‡q w`‡Z ej‡jb| Avgiv Rvwb, ïay `vMKvUv †P‡KB G ai‡bi †iLv Aw¼Z _v‡K| Zv Qvov Avgiv †`wL, †PKwU wQj 10,00,000 UvKvi| eo A‡¼i †PK mvaviYZ `vMKvUv †PB nq| G‡Z wbivcËv †ewk _v‡K|

Rbve L e‡j‡Qb, `vMKvUv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`b A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk wbivc`| Avwg G hyw³‡K mg_©b Kwi| KviY, `vMKvUv †P‡Ki A_© bM` †Zvjv hvq bv| G †ÿ‡Î MÖvn‡Ki e¨vsK wnmv‡e †PKwU cÖ_‡g Rgv w`‡Z nq| AZtci Zv ÔwbKvk N‡iiÕ gva¨‡g wbKvk n‡q MÖvn‡Ki wnmv‡e Rgv nq| G cÖwµqvq †PK RvwjqvwZ ev Pzwii Avks¼v G‡Kev‡iB Kg| Zv Qvov eo A‡¼i †jb‡`‡bi †ÿ‡Î evnK ev ûKzg †PK eënvi nj wbivcËv Kg _v‡K| `vMKvUv †P‡Ki †ÿ‡Î UvKv e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv n‡q hvq weavq wbivcËv ïiæ †_‡KB †ewk nq| myZivs Rbve L-Gi civgk©g‡Zv †PKwUi cwieZ©b †jb‡`b‡K AwaK wbivc` Ki‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve gwZb GKRb ˆZwi †cvkvKwkí gvwjK Ges Rbve Kv‡mg GKRb wPwb Avg`vwbKviK| Zvu‡ì yR‡biB e¨vs‡Ki m‡½ Nwbô †hvMv‡hvM| Rbve gwZb weª‡U‡b ˆZwi cvkvK ißvwb K‡ib| digvk MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb GKa‡bi c‡Îi Rb¨ A‡cKlv K‡ib| cÎwU †c‡jB wZwb †cvkvK ˆZwi K‡ib Ges ißvwbi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM †bb| KL‡bv KL‡bv IB cÎwU e¨vs‡K RvgvbZ †i‡L FYI †bb| Ab¨w`‡K, Rbve Kv‡mg‡K Zvi wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z e¨vsK FY gÄyi K‡i| Zvui Avg`vwbK…Z wPwb e¨vs‡Ki ¸`v‡g msiwÿZ _v‡K| wZwb F‡Yi Askwe‡kl e¨vs‡K Rgv †`b I ¸`vg †_‡K wPwb wb‡q wewµ K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, †Kv‡bv cyuwR QvovB wZwb eëmvq Ki‡Qb| K. †PK Kx? 1 L. e¨vsK F‡Yi RvgvbZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. Rbve gwZb †cvkvK ˆZwii Av‡M †Kvb ai‡bi c‡Îi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡ib, e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3




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N. ÔRbve Kv‡mg KZ©„K M„nxZ AwMÖg Zvui eëmv‡qi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡q‡QÕ- G e³‡eï h_v_©Zv we‡kølY K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. e¨vsK †_‡K A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ kZ©nxb wb‡`©kbvgv‡KB †PK e‡j| e¨vsK GB †PK eB AvKv‡i Qvwc‡q Zv MÖvnK‡K ev AvgvbZKvix‡K cÖ vb K‡i|

L. e¨vsK F‡Yi RvgvbZ n‡jv FYMÖnxZv KZ©„K cÖ Ë Ggb †Kv‡bv m¤úwË, FYMÖnxZv F‡Yi A_© †diZ w`‡Z e¨_© n‡j, hv wewµ K‡i e¨vsK Zvi cÖ Ë F‡Yi A_© †diZ †c‡Z cv‡i|

mvaviYZ MÖvnK‡K FY cÖ vbKv‡j e¨vsK wbwðZ n‡Z Pvq †h F‡Yi UvKv mgqg‡Zv my vm‡j †diZ cvIqv hv‡e| Avi hw` †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †hgb: MÖvn‡Ki g„Zz , yN©Ubv, ÿwZ, jm BZ¨vwì Rb¨ FYMÖnxZv F‡Yi A_© †diZ w`‡Z bv cv‡i, Z‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv m¤úwË MÖvn‡Kiv e¨vs‡K ivL‡eb, hv wewµ ev n ÍvšÍi K‡i e¨vsK IB A_© Av`vq K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡e| GB M¨vivw›U ev m¤úwË cÖ vb‡KB e¨vsK F‡Yi RvgvbZ e‡j|

M. Rbve gwZb †cvkvK ˆZwii Av‡M cÖZ¨qbc‡Îi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡ib| cÖZ¨qbcÎ n‡jv, e¨vsK KZ©„K Bmy K…Z MÖvn‡Ki c‡ÿ cY¨ mieivnKvix‡K A_© cÖ v‡bi GKwU ¯xK…wZcÎ| `wj‡j DwjøwLZ kZ© c~iY n‡j e¨vsK Zv cwi‡kv‡ai wbðqZv cÖ vb K‡i| G cÎ ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ eûj eëüZ F‡Yi `wjj|

DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, Rbve gwZb GKRb ˆZwi †cvkvKwkí gvwjK| Gi A_© wZwb wkígvwjK Ges wZwb ˆZwi †cvkvK weª‡U‡b ißvwb K‡ib| weª‡U‡bi Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki digvk MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb A‡cÿv K‡ib GKwU c‡Îi Rb¨, hv Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki cÿ †_‡K Zvui Kv‡Q Avm‡e| ißvwbKviK G Ae ’vq cÖZ¨qbc‡Îi Rb¨B A‡cÿv K‡ib| Avevi DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`wL, GB cÎ †c‡jB Rbve gwZb Drcv`bKvR ïiæ K‡ib| Avgiv Rvwb, cÖZ¨qbcÎ bv †c‡j ißvwbKviK Drcv`bKvR ïiæ K‡ib bv| AZtci DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, cÎwU e¨vs‡K †i‡L wZwb FYI cvb| Avgiv Rvwb, cÖZ¨qbcÎ e¨vs‡K RvgvbZ †i‡L ißvwbKviK RvgvbwZ FY cvb| myZivs me êwkó¨ GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h Rbve gwZb cÖZ¨qbc‡Îi Rb¨B A‡cÿv K‡iwQ‡jb|

N. Rbve Kv‡mg †h AwMÖg MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv e¨vsK AwMÖ‡gi cÖKvi‡f` Abymv‡i ÔbM` FYÕ wQj| Ges cÖK…ZB Zvui eëmvi m‡½ gvbvbmB wQj|

G ai‡bi F‡Yi †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡K F‡Y m‡e©v”P mxgv wbw`©ó K‡i †`q, †h mxgv ch©šÍ MÖvnK `„k¨gvb ev A ’vei m¤úwË ev wbðqZvi wec‡ÿ FY MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ PjwZ g~jabRwbZ Amyweav `~i Kivi Rb¨ e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK‡ì Ae ’vei m¤úwË, we‡kl K‡i cY¨ eÜK †i‡L †h FY gÄyi K‡i, Zv‡KB bM` FY e‡j|

DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, Rbve Kv‡mg Zvi e¨vsK wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY †c‡q‡Qb Ges Zvi Avg`vwbK…Z wPwb e¨vs‡Ki ¸`v‡g ivLv n‡q‡Q| wZwb F‡Yi Askwe‡kl cwi‡kva Ki‡Zb| cvkvcvwk †mLvb †_‡K wPwb wb‡q wewµ Ki‡Zb| Avgiv Rvwb, e¨vsK A ’vei m¤úwË RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e †i‡L MÖvnK‡K bM` FY cÖ vb K‡i| G F‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU bM` FY wnmve Lyj‡Z nq, hv DÏxc‡K Rbev Kv‡mg mv‡n‡eiI wQj| G †ÿ‡Î MÖvnK wbw`©ó Av‡e`b I Rvgvb‡Zi wec‡ÿ †PK †K‡U AwMÖg A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| DÏxc‡K Rbve Kv‡mgI e¨vsK †_‡K AwMÖg wb‡qwQ‡jb| DcwiD³ êwkó¨ cÖgvY K‡i, Rbve Kv‡mg e¨vsK †_‡K bM` FY wb‡qwQ‡jb|

e¨vsK mvaviYZ PjwZ g~jabRwbZ mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨ eëmvqx‡ì GB FY mieivn K‡i| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, Rbve Kv‡mg wQ‡jb GKRb Avg`vwbKviK, whwb wPwb Avg`vwb Ki‡Zb we‡`k †_‡K| G †ÿ‡Î Zvui PjwZ Avgvb‡Zi ìKvi| Dciš‘, wZwb Zvui Avg`vwbK…Z wPwb e¨vs‡K RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e Rgv †i‡LwQ‡jb| Avi G †ÿ‡Î Zv A ’vei m¤úwË wn‡m‡eB we‡ewPZ n‡e| myZivs Rbve Kv‡mg †h FY wb‡qwQ‡jb, Zv bM` FY Zvui eëmvi aib Abyhvqx bM` FYB mvgÄm¨c~Y© wQj| KviY, hw` wZwb avi ev RgvwZwi³ FY wb‡Zb, Z‡e Gi Rb¨ ’vei m¤úwË eÜK w`‡Z n‡Zv A_ev RgvwZwi³ F‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Zv Zvui eëmvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡Zv bv|

ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, Rbve Kv‡m‡gi M„nxZ FY mwZ¨B Zvui eëmvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y© wQj|




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cÂg Aa¨vq: †PK Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| `yB eÜz mvjgvb I mvg`vwb| mvjgvb g‡b K‡ib evnK †PK fv‡jv Ab¨w`‡K mvg`vwb g‡b K‡ib ûKzg †PK DËg| mvjgvb g‡b K‡ib cÖvcK Qvov ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv DVv‡bv KóKi| GB †P‡Ki eënviI Kg| Ab¨w`‡K mvg`vwb g‡b K‡ib evnK †P‡K e‡ov cwigv‡Yi †jb‡`b bq| e¨vsK g¨v‡bRvi Df‡qi gZ ï‡b ej‡jb, evnK †P‡Ki wbivcËv mvaviYfv‡e Kg wVKB wKš‘ B”Qv Ki‡j Gi wbivcËv evov‡bv hvq| K. †µwWU KvW© Kx? 1 L. †P‡Ki Agh©v`v ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. cÖvcK Qvov ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv DVv‡Z Kx‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne evnK †P‡Ki wbivcËv evov‡Z Kx Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb? Gi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Bmjvg Zvi †jLv GKUv †PK Rbve gy Ídv‡K w`‡jb| †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki Ni dvuKv wQj| GKB mv‡_ †P‡Ki evgcÖv‡šÍ `ywU AvovAvwo †iLv Uvbv wQj| wKš‘ Gi g‡aÏ wKQz †jLv wQj bv| Rbve gy Ídv †PKwU Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv †`qvi Rb¨ Kg©Pvixi gva¨‡g e¨vs‡K cvVv‡jb| e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg bv _vKvq Zv g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne‡K Rvbv‡jb| g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne ej‡jb, `vMKvUv bv _vK‡j †h‡nZz Kg©Pvix †PKwU fv½v‡Z cvi‡Zv ZvB †PKwU Rbve gy Ídvi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i w`‡j †Kvb mgm¨v †bB| K. gv‡K©U †PK Kx? 1 L. ûKzg †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Bmjv‡gi †PKwU cÖ_gZ †Kvb ai‡bi wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU‡Z †h `vMKvUv n‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi? Gi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. gwZb PvKwiRxex| †eZ‡bi UvKv Zvi e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv nq| wZwb G wnmve †_‡K wKQz DcvR©b K‡ib| wZwb GwUGg KvW© w`‡q g~jZ UvKv DVvb| †PK eBUv Pzwi †M‡jI A‡bKw`b wZwb †Lqvj K‡ibwb| c‡i wZwb e¨vs‡K welqwU wjwLZfv‡e AewnZ K‡ib| Gi ci D³ †PK eB‡qi cvZv eënvi K‡i Rvj ¯vÿ‡i UvKv DVv‡bv nq| c‡i welqwU RvbvRvwb n‡j e¨vsK †P‡Ki `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i| wg. gwZb gvgjv Ki‡j wePviK wg. gwZ‡bi c‡ÿ ivq †`b| K. †P‡Ki Av‡`óv †K? 1 L. mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg.gwZ‡bi †PKwU †Kvb wnmv‡ei e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wePviK wg.gwZ‡bi c‡ÿ †h ivq w`‡q‡Qb Zv Kx Zzwg mg_©b Ki? iv‡qi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| gvwb‡Ki Kv‡Q A‡bK‡KB UvKv cvq| †m mevB‡KB Nyivq| meyiI Zvi GKRb cvIbv`vi| mey‡ii eÜz ReŸvi ej‡jv, Zzwg UvKv PvB‡j hLb gvwbK mgq PvB‡e ZLb Zzwg †mB ZvwiL g‡Zv GKUv †PK wjwL‡q wbI| meyi civgk© Abyhvqx wZb gvm c‡ii Zvwi‡Li GKUv †PK gvwbK‡K w`‡q wjwL‡q wb‡jv| †PK ˆZwi‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v wQj bv| wZb gvm ci meyi e¨vs‡K †PK Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK Zv Agh©v`v K‡i| meyi gvgjv Ki‡j wePviK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvÿ¨ cÖgvY QvovB gvwb‡K‡K D³ A_© cwi‡kv‡ai wb‡ ©k †`b| K. †P‡Ki Avw`ó †K? 1 L. evwm †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx meyi †h †PKwU †c‡qwQj Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Av`vjZ KZ©„K gvwbK‡K A_© cwi‡kv‡ai wb‡ ©k cÖ vb Kx hyw³hy³? g‡Zi ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4




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5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| †P‡Ki eënvi me©Î| eëmvqxmn me ai‡bi gvbylB †PK cQ› K‡ib| †P‡Ki GLb e‡ov myweav n‡jv GK kvLvi †PK Ab¨ kvLv †_‡K fv½v‡bv hvq| ZvB bM` UvKvi †jb‡`b GKev‡i Kwg‡qB w ‡q‡Qb eëmvqx wg. gviæd| wZwb Pz¤Kxq kw³m¤úbœ GK ai‡bi cøvw÷K KvW© eënvi K‡ib| †PK eënv‡ii wKQz mgm¨v †_‡KI wZwb gy³ n‡q‡Q| K. evwm †PK Kx? 1 L. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. GK kvLvi †PK Ab¨ kvLvq fv½v‡bv ej‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q wjL| 3 N. wg.gviæd A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi †h KvW© eënvi K‡ib Zvi bvg Kx? Gi eënv‡ii †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| fyj-ï× hvB †nvK `ªæZ KvR K‡i hvIqv wg. myeª‡Zi ¯fve| e¨vs‡K bZzb PvKwi wb‡q‡Qb| bM` cÖ vb KvD›Uv‡i Zv‡K emv‡bv n‡q‡Q| g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne ej‡jb, wg. myeªZ ÔbM` cÖ vbÕ Ggb GKUv †W¯‹ †hLv‡b AmZK© nIqvi my‡hvM †bB| ªæZ KvR Kiv †`v‡li bq Z‡e Aek¨B Zv fyj-ÎæwU gy³ n‡Z n‡e| †PK cvIqvi ci Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †`‡L mZK© n‡q KvR Ki‡eb| Ab¨_vq AvcvwbI mgm¨vq co‡eb, e¨vsKvi-MÖvnK m¤úK©I Gi Øviv fxlYfv‡e ÿwZMÖ Í n‡Z cv‡i| K. `vMKvUv †PK Kx? 1 L. evnK †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne ÔbM` cÖ vbÕ †W‡¯‹i KvR ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. g¨v‡bRvi wg.myeªZ‡K mZK© K‡i‡Qb †Kb? e¨vs‡K Gi Avek¨KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| 2012 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m †mvbvjx e¨vsK wbDgv‡K©U kvLv, XvKvq wewfbœ ai‡bi †P‡Ki wec‡ÿ †h †c‡g›U n‡q‡Q Zvi msL¨v I UvKvi cwigvY wb‡P †jLv n‡jv:

†P‡Ki aib msL¨v UvKvi cwigvY (†KvwU UvKv) evnK †PK 6,512 50 ûKzg ev Av‡`k †PK 458 5 `vMKvUv †PK 1,350 45

K. dvuKv †PK Kx? 1 L. `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M.?†PK msL¨vi wfwË‡Z †Kvb †P‡Ki wec‡ÿ m‡e©v”P cwigvY A_© cÖ Ë n‡q‡Q? Gi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †P‡K †PK cÖwZ †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY AwaK wQj? Gi KviY gyj¨vqb Ki| 4 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. gvRnvi wZbUv †PK wj‡L cÖwZUv‡ZB `vM KvU‡jb| wKš‘ cÖwZUv †ÿ‡Î yB `v‡Mi g‡a¨ wfbœ wfbœ welq wj‡L‡Qb- K. †P‡Ki cÖvcK †K? 1 L. †PK‡K cÖvgvY¨ `wjj wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki 1 bs `vMKvUv‡K †PK †Kvb ai‡bi `vMKvUv e‡j e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. 2 I 3 bs Gi D‡jøL `vMKvUv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi `vMKvUv e‡j? Gi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4




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11|wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Avkivd GKRb ÿ z ª eëmvqx| e¨vsK wnmv‡e Zvi 50,000 UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| wZwb 15/10/2012 Zvwi‡L AviI 20,000 UvKv Rgv w`‡jb| 16/11/12 Zvwi‡L 10,000 UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡jb Ges ciw`b iwngv‡K 5,000 UvKvi GKwU †PK w`‡jb| 18/11/12 Zvwi‡L wg. Avkivd wb‡R e¨vs‡K Dcw ’Z n‡q 50,000 UvKvi GKLvbv †PK Dc ’vcb Ki‡j e¨vsK Zv cwi‡kv‡a A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq G‡Z wg. Avkivd †ek mgm¨vq c‡ob| (K) `vMKvUv †PK Kx? 1 (L) †PK `vMKvUv nq †Kb? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. Avkivd Gi e¨vsK wnmvewU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj?e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) B”Qv gvwdK †jb‡`b Ae vnZ ivLvi †ÿ‡Î wg. Avkiv‡di KiYxq Kx n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv| 4 12| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. nvmvb RbZv e¨vs‡Ki Bmy K…Z GKwU †PK †mvbvjx e¨vsK, dvg©‡MU kvLvq Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv †`b| wZwb wg. nviæb‡K 2 jvL UvKvi GKwU †PK cÖ vb K‡ib| 1 jvL UvKvi †P‡Ki A_© wn‡m‡e Rgv n‡jB †Kej Zvi cÖ Ë †PKwU gh©v`v cv‡e| †P‡Ki A_© `ªæZ Rgv bv n‡j wg. nviæb UvKv cv‡eb bv| d‡j wg. nvmv‡bi eëmvwqK mybvg Aÿzbœ n‡Z cv‡i| (K) †h e¨vsK A_© I e¨vsK eë ’v wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 1 (L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl Avkªq ’j ejv nq †Kb? 2 (M) wg. nvmvb Kxfv‡e †P‡Ki †jb‡`b wb®úwË Ki‡Z cv‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) wg. nvmv‡bi †jb‡`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ e¨vsK¸‡jv Kxfv‡e †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 13|Rbve mygb VvKziMuvI Gi GKRb eëmvqx| wZwb eëmvqx‡K †jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kivi R‡b¨ †PK eënvi K‡ib| wKšÍy GKw`b wZwb UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi R‡b¨ †PK eBwU LyuR‡Z wM‡q †`L‡jb Zvi wjwLZ GKwU †PK †bB| welqwU Rbve mygb cÖ_‡g †Uwj‡dv‡b, c‡i wjwLZfv‡e Zvi e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Dc ’vcb K‡ib| KviY Rbve mygb Rv‡bb †PKwU h_vh_fv‡e cÖ ÍyZ Kiv n‡qwQj Ges Rbve myg‡bi wnmv‡e ch©vß A_© wQj Avi wnmv‡e ch©šÍ A_© _vK‡j, †PK mwVKfv‡e ˆZwi n‡j Ges AvBbMZ †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv bv _vK‡j e¨vsK †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ v‡b eva¨ _v‡K| (K) fvmgvb gy ªv Kx? 1 (L) ê‡`wkK wewbgq nvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 (M) †PK Lyu‡R bv cvIqvq Rbve mygb Kx eë ’v MÖnY K‡ib? eY©bv K‡iv| 3 (N) †Kvb Ae ’vq e¨vsK †P‡Ki A_© cÖ v‡b eva¨ _v‡K e‡j Rbve mygb g‡b K‡ib? we‡kølY Ki| 4



1| gyb óvi e¨vs‡Ki 31 wW‡m¤i 2011 Zvwi‡Li DØ„Ëc‡Îi mvims‡ÿc wb‡gœ cÖ Ë n‡jv|

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evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g ¯í my‡` RbM‡Yi A_© AvgvbZ wnmv‡e msMÖn K‡i Ges D³ A_© wewfbœ Lv‡Z AwaK my‡` FY I AwMÖg wnmv‡e cÖ vb K‡i| GB `yB my‡`q cv_©K¨B n‡jv e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv|

DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU AvgvbZK…Z 420 kZ †KvwU UvKvmn Ab¨vb¨ Znwej †_‡K cÖvß A_© wewfbœ Lv‡Z AwMÖg I FY cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g mePvB‡Z †ekx (380 kZ †KvwU) A_© ev m¤ú` msMÖn K‡i‡Q| AZGe Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, cÖ‡kœi evK¨wU h_v_©B †hŠw³K|

2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| GKUv e¨vs‡Ki 2005 I 2010 mv‡ji wewfbœ Lv‡Z cÖ Ë FY I AwMÖ‡gi wPÎ wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:

FY I AwMÖg cÖ Ë 2005 mvj (00 †KvwU) 2010 mvj (00 †KvwU UvKv) Mv‡g©›Um 600 500 †U·UvBj 80 150

Jla I imvqb 20 60 ê‡`wkK evwYR¨ 70 120 Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨ 120 150

†fvM¨ cY¨ 00 80 Ab¨vb¨ 10 4 †gvU 900 1100

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L. F‡Yi wec‡ÿ M„nxZ wbw`©ó Rvgvb‡Zi AwZwi³ †h RvgvbZ FY `vZv MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K AwZwi³ RvgvbvZ e‡j| GwU AwZwi³ RvgvbZ, Z…Zxq c‡ÿi e¨w³K ev m¤úwË n‡Z cv‡i| AwZwi³ Rvgvb‡Zi gva¨‡g FY`vZv FY †diZ cÖvwß‡Z m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwðZ n‡q _v‡K|

M. e¨vsKwU 2010 mv‡j †fv³v FY Lv‡Z bZzb FY w`‡q‡Q| M„n ’vjx wewfbœ wRwbmcÎ, cwiev‡ii Rb¨ eëüZ Mvwo I d¬ vU µq BZ¨vw` Lv‡Z cÖ Ë FY †K †fv³v FY e‡j| DÏxc‡K e¨vsKwU 2010 mv‡j †fv³vi LvZwU †K we‡klfv‡e g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb| KviY wek¦Ry‡oB mKj ai‡bi MÖvnK‡ì AvK…ó Ki‡Z Giƒc FY LyeB ¸iæZ¡cyY©| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨w³MZ RvgvbZ ¸iæZ¡cyY©| Z‡e d¬ vU †Kbvi †ÿ‡Î RvgvbZ wbeÜb Ki‡Z nq|




268

N. FY `vb wP‡Î 2010 mv‡j êwPÎZvi bxwZi AwaK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| 2010 mv‡j e¨vsKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wewfbœ Lv‡Z FY cÖ vb K‡i‡Q| êwPÎ¨Zvi bxwZ nj wfbœ wfbœ Lv‡Z FY`vb Kiv| A_©vr ïaygvÎ D‡j øL‡hvM¨ KZK¸‡jv LvZ QvovI †h‡Kvb m¤¢vebvgq Lv‡Z FY`vb Kiv, hv DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU K‡i‡Q|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq †h, 2005 mv‡j e¨vsKwU †fvM¨cY¨ Lv‡Z FY cÖ vb K‡iwb| wKš‘ 2010 mv‡j e¨vsKwU †fvM¨cY¨ Lv‡Z FY eivÏ K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z e¨vsKwUi AwaK jvfevb n‡e| KviY eZ©gv‡b wek¦Ry‡o †fvM¨c‡Y¨ eënvi †ÿ‡Î FY `vb Kg©m~Px AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †c‡q‡Q 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Kvgvj Rxe‡b FY Ki‡ebv G cY K‡i eëmvq ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ GLb Zvi Dcjwä n‡jv mwVKfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡j FY †bqv hvq mgm¨v †bB| wkí KviLvbv Ki‡Z †h‡qI †gwkb emv‡Z GK ai‡bi FY K‡i‡Qb| A‡bKw`b G FY eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| PjwZ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Abª FY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| GB F‡Yi Rb¨ A ’vei m¤úwË RvgvbZ †i‡L‡Qb| e¨vsK bvbvb my‡hvM w`‡q eëmvqx‡ì FY wb‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q GUv †`‡L wZwb Awff~Z| K. e¨vsK Znwej Kx? 1 L. e¨vsK F‡Yi RvgvbZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Kvgvj †gwkb ej‡Z †gqv‡ì wfwË‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi FY wb‡q‡Qb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. PjwZ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨vsK †_‡K wg. Kvgvj †Kvb ai‡bi AwMÖg wb‡q‡Qb? G‡ÿ‡Î e¨vs‡Ki mn‡hvwMZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. e¨vs‡Ki wbR¯ Drm I evB‡ii Drm †_‡K msM„nxZ m¤ú~Y© A_© wgwj‡q †h Znwe‡ji m„wó nq Zv‡K e¨vsK Znwej e‡j|

L. mvaviYZ MÖvnK‡K FY cÖ vb Kivi Av‡M e¨vsK wbwðZ n‡Z Pvq †h, F‡Yi UvKv mgqg‡Zv †diZ cvIqv hv‡e| KviY A‡bK MÖvnK FY †bqvi ci F‡Yi A_© wVKg‡Zv cwi‡kva K‡i bv| ZvB FY cwi‡kv‡ai wbðqZvi cÖgvY¯iƒc FYMÖnxZv e¨vs‡K †h m¤úwË ev M¨vivw›U cÖ vb K‡i ZvB F‡Yi RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| FY cÖ vb Kivi mgq e¨vsK FYMÖnxZvi wbKU †_‡K F‡Yi UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai wbðqZv wn‡m‡e †hme ’vei A ’vei m¤úwË e¨w³MZ M¨vivw›U ev Z…Zxq cÿ cÖ Ë M¨vivw›U RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K e¨vsK F‡Yi RvgvbZ ejv nq|

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269

cY¨ ev A ’vei m¤úwË Rvgvb‡Zi wec‡ÿ e¨vsK Zvi eëmvqx MÖvnK‡K PjwZ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g †h FY gÄyi K‡i Zv‡K bM` FY e‡j| wg. Kvgvj PjwZ F‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b A ’vei m¤úwË RvgvbZ †i‡L bM` FY wb‡q‡Qb| wg. Kvgvj Zvi D‡ËvwjZ A‡_©i Ici my cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq Ges wg. Kvgvj GKvwaK wKw Í‡Z FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨vsK bvbvb my‡hvM w`‡q eëmvqx‡ì FY wb‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q|

e¨vs‡Ki GB FY wb‡q wg. Kvgvj Zvi eëmvqx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| e¨vs‡K wewfbœ my‡hvM myweav †`‡L wZwb Awff~Z n‡q‡Qb| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Bmjvg Rywbqi Awdmvi _vKvKv‡j Zv‡ì GK cÖwkÿY †cÖvMÖv‡g GKRb ¯bvgab¨ e¨vsKvi e‡jwQ‡jb, e¨vs‡K e‡m dvBj I fvDPvi ¯vÿi K‡i fv‡jv e¨vsKvi nIqv hvq bv, e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e Dc‡i DV‡Z PvB‡j Avcbv‡K MÖvnK‡ì Kv‡Q †h‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡eb, fvj MÖvnK Avcbv‡K LyuR‡e bv, Avcbv‡KB Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †h‡Z n‡e| wg. Bmjvg GUv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Ges A‡bK eo n‡q‡Qb| K. N~Y©vqgvb cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx? 1 L. bM` FY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wg. Bmjvg †Kvb ai‡bi m¤úK© e„w×i welqwU AvZ¥ ’ K‡i‡Qb e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 N. wg. Bmjvg Rxe‡b eo n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Kx? GUvi wcQ‡b Zvi cÖwkÿY †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv‡K g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. †h cÖZ¨q cÎ GKwU wbw ©ó cwigvY A‡_©i R‡b¨ cÖPvi Kiv nq Ges hv GKevi eënvi n‡j Avcbv n‡ZB Avevi bevqb nq Zv‡K N~Y©vqgvb cÖZ¨q cÎ e‡j|

L. †h eëmv‡qi gva¨‡g e¨vsK Zvi g‡°j‡K AwMÖg FY gÄyi K‡i wKQz mivmwi bM‡` Ges †mB UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi AbygwZ †`q bv Zv‡K bM` FY e‡j|

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M. DÏxc‡K wg. Bmjvg e¨vsKvi MÖvnK m¤úK© e„w×i welqwU AvZ¥ ’ K‡i‡Qb|

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cwi‡k‡l wg. Bmjv‡gi Rxeb Abymv‡i ej‡Z nq e¨vswKs RM‡Z mdjZvi R‡b¨ MÖvnK‡ì mv‡_ my¤ú‡K©i weKí †bB|




270

N. wg. Bmjvg Rxe‡b eo n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Zvi mdjZvi wcQ‡b cÖwkÿY †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| KviY cÖwkÿY GKRb e¨w³‡K Zvi Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î AviI `ÿ Ges AwfÁ K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖwkÿY †h †Kvb e¨w³‡K Zvi eZ©gvb Ae ’v †_‡K DbœwZ Ki‡Z Ab¨Zg mnvqK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| e¨vswKs RM‡ZI Gi weKí †bB|

wg. Bmjvg cÖwkÿY †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g MÖvnK‡ì mv‡_ Kxfv‡e mym¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| MÖvnKiv e¨vs‡Ki KvR †_‡K Kx ai‡bi †mev †c‡Z Pvq Ges e¨vsKvi‡ì KvQ †_‡K †Kgb AvPiY Zviv cÖZ¨vkv K‡i Zv wg. Bmjvg mn‡RB cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z †c‡iQb|

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mßg Aa¨vq:ê‡`wkK wewbgq Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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M. wg. mRj kvnv cÖ_‡g wegv‡K Ryqv‡Ljv ev evwR wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kv‡bv AwbwðZ NUbv‡K wbwðZ a‡i †Kv‡bv wel‡q GKgZ nIqv‡K evwR ev evwR m¤§wZ e‡j|

DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wg. mRj kvnv cÖ_‡g wegv‡K GKwU evRx †Ljv wnmv‡e ¯xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| hvi fwel¨Z AwbwðZ| fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv NUbv NU‡Z cv‡i| Avevi bvI NU‡Z cv‡i| wKšÍy `y‡Uv cÿ GKUv dj Av‡MB wba©viY K‡i Zvi c‡ÿ-wec‡ÿ Ae ’vb wb‡q GKgZ nq| †Kv‡bv AwbwðZ Ae ’v‡K wbwðZ a‡i †bqv AvBb m¤§Z bq| ZvB GwU †Kv‡bv Pzw³i g‡a¨ c‡o bv| wKšÍy wegv m¤ú~Y© GKwU AvBb m¤§Z cÖwµqv ev AvBwb Pzw³|

N. wg. mRj mvnvi wb‡Ri wegv ej‡Z Rxeb wegvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †h wegv Pzw³ Øviv wegvKvix wcÖwgqv‡gi wewbg‡q wegv MÖnxZv‡K ev g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡K Avw_©K mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K Rxeb wegv e‡j|

eZ©gv‡b me©‡ÿ‡ÎB wegvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv bvbv iKg wec`vc‡` †ewóZ|

wegv m¤ú‡K© †gŠwjK aviYv Basic Concept of Insurance

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GKwU †ivM e¨vwa I yN©Ubvq †hgb wbt‡kl n‡Z cv‡i GKwU Rxeb †Zgwb webó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i mgMÖ m¤ú`| Giƒc Ae ’vq Amnvq I wbt¯ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i e¨w³, cwievi Z_v cÖwZôvb| †h welqwU wg. mRj mvnv †k‡li w`‡K eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb AvaywbK êÁvwbK hy‡M Giƒc ÿwZRwbZ I AwbðqZvi nvZ †_‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿv cvevi GKwU cÖwZiÿvg~jK eë ’v n‡jv wegv| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wegv‡K GKUv eëmvq wnmv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z cvi‡Qbv wgZz| evÜex †mZz ej‡jv, g‡b Ki 500 RvnvR mgy‡`ª Pj‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †Wvevi fq Av‡Q| †`Lv †Mj eQ‡i M‡o nvRv‡i 1Uv RvnvR †Wv‡e| Rvnv‡Ri g~j¨ 1 †KvwU UvKv| GLb hw` †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb eQ‡i cÖwZ RvnvR †_‡K 15 nvRvi UvKv K‡i †bq Avi GUv‡K eëmvq wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i Z‡e mgm¨v Kx? g‡b Ki G ai‡bi eëmvq †bB, Zvn‡j †h eëmvqxi RvnvR Wye‡jv Zvi Ae ’v Kx n‡e? GKRb c‡_ emyK GUv Kx Kvw•LZ n‡Z cv‡i| wegv êa cÖwZiÿv eë ’v M‡o Zz‡j‡Q ZvB GUv Kj¨vYKi eë ’v| K. wegv Kx? 1 L. Rxeb wegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wegv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi eë ’v wnmv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wegv †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZiÿv M‡o †Zv‡j? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi : K. gvby‡li Rxeb I m¤úwË‡K wN‡i †h wec` ev SzuwK we`¨gvb Zvi weiæ‡× Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’vB n‡jv wegv|

L. gvby‡li Rxeb mswkøó wec‡ì SzuwKi wec‡ÿ m¤úvw`Z wegv Pzw³ gvby‡li g„Zz ‡Z Zvi Ici wbf©ikxj e¨w³eM© †hgwb Avw_©K `y ©kvi wkKvi nq †Zgwb Zvi eva©K¨, Amy ’Zv, c½yZ¡ BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y †m wb‡RI Avw_©K `yive ’vi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Rxeb wegvq Rxeb mswkøó ÿwZi weiæ‡× Avw_©K cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zv‡j|

M. DÏxc‡K wegv‡K SuywK e›Ub eë ’v wnmv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

gvby‡li Rxeb I m¤úwËi SzuwK Avw_©Kfv‡e †gvKv‡ejvi eë ’v n‡jv wegv| GB wegv eë ’vi Dbœqb cÖ_gZ mgevq ev mn‡hvwMZvi ga¨ w`‡q weKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB wegv‡K SzuwK e›U‡bi eë ’v e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|

GKwU wegv cÖwZôv‡b A‡bK wegv MÖnxZv _vK‡jI mK‡ji yN©Ubv RwbZ SzuwK GK‡Î m„wó nq bv, nq ¸wU K‡q‡Ki| wKšÍy wegvKvix mK‡ji wbKU †_‡K cÖvß wcÖwgqvg jvfRbK Lv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Znwej e„w× K‡i| d‡j gvÎ K‡qKRb‡K wegvKvix KZ©„K cÖPÐ `vwe Ab¨‡ì wbKU n‡Z cÖvß wcÖwgqvg n‡Z c~iY n‡q hvq| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq G wegv Aek¨B SzuwK eÈb eë¯’v|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wegv n‡jv m¤¢ve¨ wec` ev SzuwK †gvKvwejvi GKwU mw¤§wjZ Avw_©K wbivcËv eë ’v| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq− †h, wegv n‡jv SzuwK eÈ‡bi †hŠ_ eë ’v|

N. wegv Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv M‡o †Zv‡j|

wegv Pzw³i wcQ‡b wegvMÖnxZvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K m¤¢ve¨ wec` I `yN©Ubvi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K wbivcËv jvf Kiv| wec` I `yN©Ubv NU‡j gvbyl †hb Avw_©K `yM©wZi wkKvi bv nq Ges †mB Ae ’vqI hv‡Z Avw_©Kfv‡e wbivc` _v‡K GRb¨ wegv MÖnxZv wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i _v‡K|




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DÏxcKwU we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq wegv Ki‡j wegv MÖnxZv Zvi wegvK…Z welqe Íyi ÿwZ n‡j †m Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY †c‡q _v‡K hv g~jZ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿvi nvwZqvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wegvi KvR n‡jv wegvK…Z Rxeb I m¤úwËi ÿwZ n‡j Zvi cÖwZiÿv weavb ev Avw_©K cÖwZkÖæwZ c~iY Kiv| Rxeb wegvi †ÿ‡Î †gqv‡`i g‡a¨ e¨w³ gviv †M‡j ev †gqv` c~wZ©‡Z †hgwb wegv †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZkÖæwZ A_© cÖ vb K‡i, †Zgwb m¤úwË wegvi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZ n‡j ÿwZc~iY K‡i _v‡K| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wgjb K‡jR †_‡K cÖwZw`b ev‡m gwZwSj n‡q evmvq †d‡i| iv Ívq R¨v‡g c‡o ev‡m e‡m †m iv Ívi `yÕcv‡ki mvBb‡evW© ‡jv c‡o| †Wëv jvBd Bbmy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb, KY©dzjx Bbmy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvbx Gfv‡e Kv‡iv bv‡gi mv‡_ ÔjvBdÕ Av‡Q Kv‡ivI bv‡gi mv‡_ †bB| wegv Aa¨v‡q †m c‡o‡Q †h wegv cÖavbZ `yÕcÖKvi| Df‡qi D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv ÿwZi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv e¨e ’v M‡o †Zvjv| K. ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ wK? 1 L. wegv‡K cig wek¦v‡mi Pzw³ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. wgj‡bi †`Lv cÖ_g wegv myweav cÖ vb †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wgj‡bi †`Lv cÖ_g mvBb‡evW© cÖ Ë wegvi mv‡_ wØZxq mvBb‡ev‡W©i cÖ Ë wegvi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi : K. wegvi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZ msNwUZ n‡j wegvKvix wbw`©ó cwigvY wcÖwgqvg MÖn‡Yi wewbg‡q Pzw³ Abyhvqx wegvMÖnxZvi ÿwZc~iY Kivi Rb¨ †h bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Zv‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ ejv nq|

L. wegv Pzw³‡Z wegvMÖnxZv Ges wegvKvix ci¯ú‡ii wbKU cÖ Ë Z_¨vewj m¤ú~Y© mwVK| Giæc aviYvi Ici ci¯úi wegv Pzw³‡Z Ave× nq e‡j wegv‡K cig wek¦v‡mi Pzw³ ejv nq|

M. wgj‡bi †`Lv cÖ_g wegv †Kv¤úvwbwU Rxeb wegv myweav cÖ vb K‡i|

wegvKvix cÖwZôvb hLb gvby‡li Rxeb‡K welqe ‘ K‡i wegv K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K Rxeb wegv e‡j|

DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wgj‡bi †`Lv cÖ_g cÖwZôvbwU nj Ô†W›Uv jvBd Bbmy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbÕ| wegvKvix cÖwZôvb wcÖwgqvg ev †mjvwg cwi‡kv‡ai cÖwZ`vb wn‡m‡e wegv MÖnxZvi g„Zz ‡Z A_ev wbw`©ó †gqv` †k‡l wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cwi‡kv‡ai `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i|

N. wgj‡bi †`Lv cÖ_g mvBb‡evW© cÖ Ë wegvi mv‡_ wØZxq mvBb‡evW© cÖ Ë wegvi cv_©K¨ nj: cÖ_g †Kv¤úvbwU Rxeb wegv I wØZxq †Kv¤úvwbwU mvaviY wegv myweav cÖ vb K‡i| †h wegvi welqe ‘ gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv Zv‡K Rxeb wegv e‡j| †h wegvi welqe ‘ m¤ú` I m¤úwË Zv‡K mvaviY wegv e‡j|

DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖ_g wegv †Kv¤úvwbi welq gvby‡li Rxeb Ges wØZxq wegv †Kv¤úvwbi welqe ‘ nj m¤úwË| Rxeb wegvi mv‡_ mvaviY wegvi cv_©K¨ nj-

Rxeb wegvq mvaviYZ GKvwaK wKw Í‡Z wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Kiv nq| mvaviY wegvq GKeviB wegvi wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Kiv nq| Rxeb wegv nj Avw_©K wbðqZvi Pzw³ Ges mvaviY wegv nj ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³|




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4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| gwgb mv‡ne Rxe‡bi me© w`‡q GKwU hvÎxevnx evm µq K‡ib| wZwb evmwU XvKv, MvRxcyi †iv‡W cwiPvjbv K‡ib| GKw`b evmwU iv Ívi cv‡k Lv‡` c‡o w`‡q gvivZ¥K ÿwZMÖ Í nq| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ÿwZc~iY cvIqvq gwgb mv‡ne eo iK‡gi ÿwZ †_‡K iÿv †cj| Ab¨_vq Zuvi c‡_ emvi Dcµg nZ|

K. †Kvb wegv cvwievwiK wbivcËvi e¨e ’v K‡i? 1 L. wegvi †Kvb Acwinvh© kZ©wU Avw_©K n‡Z n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. gwgb mv‡ne †h ai‡Yi wegv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. gwgb mv‡n‡ei Rxe‡b wegvi †Kvb ¸iæZ¡wU we‡kl f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q? g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

DËi: K. Rxeb wegv cvwievwiK wbivcËvi e¨e ’v K‡i|

L. wegvi Òwegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_©Ó kZ©wU Avw_©K n‡Z n‡e| wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ej‡Z gvwjKvbv ¯Ë¡ ev Avw_©K ¯v_©‡K eySvq| GwU n‡jv wegvi welqe ‘ wegvMÖnxZvi Ggb GKwU Avw_©K ¯v_© hvi Aw Í‡Z¡ ev wbivcËvq †h Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nq Ges bv _vK‡j †m Avw_©fv‡e ÿwZMÖ ’ nq|

M. gwgb mv‡ne †gvUiMvwo ev hvbevnb wegv K‡iwQ‡jb| †h wegv Pzw³ Øviv Pvj‡Ki AmveavbZv AwMœ A_ev Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y gUihv‡bi ÿwZ, c_Pvix I hvÎxi RxeYvemvb ev c½yZ¡RwbZ ÿwZi wecix‡Z Avw_©K mnvqZv `v‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`qv nq, Zv‡K †gvUiMvwo ev hvbevnb wegv ejv nq|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, gwgb mv‡n‡ei †h m¤úwËwU iv Ívi cv‡k Lv‡` c‡o wM‡q ÿwZMª Í nq †mwU GKwU hvÎxevnx evm| †gvUiMvwo ej‡Z GLv‡b †gvUimvB‡Kj cÖvB‡fU Kvi, evm, wgwbevm, UªvK BZ¨vw`‡K eySvq| Giƒc wegvc‡Îi Øviv †Kvb ÿwZ n‡j D³ ÿwZi `vq n‡Z wegv MÖnxZv‡K iÿv K‡i|

N. gwgb mv‡n‡ei Rxe‡b wegvi Avw_©K wbivcËv weavb welqwU we‡kl f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| e¨w³i g„Zy ‡Z ev kvixwiK AÿgZvq wegvKvix †hgwb Avw_©K wbðqZv weavb K‡i, †Zgwb m¤úwËi ÿwZ‡Z ÿwZc~i‡Yi gva¨‡g Avw_©K wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, gwgb mv‡n‡ei evmwU Lv‡` c‡o gvivZ¥K ÿwZMÖ ’ nq| evmwU wegv Kiv _vKvi Kvi‡Y wZwb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ÿwZc~iY cvIqvq wZwb eo iK‡gi ÿwZ †_‡K iÿv †c‡jb|

Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU c`‡ÿ‡c AšÍnxb AwbwðqZvm i‡q‡Q| wegv gvby‡li e¨w³MZ AwbðqZv ~i K‡i gvby‡li Pjvi c_‡K wPšÍvgy³ K‡i| wba©vwiZ wcÖwgqv‡gi wewbg‡q wegv MÖnxZv wegvK…Z SuywK m¤ú‡K© wbðqZv †eva K‡i| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, wegv cÖwZôvb KZ…©K cÖ Ë Avw_©K wbivcËv cÖ vb welqwU gwgb mv‡n‡ei Rxe‡b we‡kl f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| Ab¨_vq Zvi c‡_ emvi Dcµg nZ| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. gywnZ we‡`k n‡Z wPwb Avg`vwb K‡ib| wcÖwgqvg †`qv A‡nZzK g‡b K‡i wZwb 1g evi wegv bv Kivq RvnvR Wywe‡Z Zvi me cY¨ bó n‡q hvq| G‡Z wZwb g~jab nvwi‡q wbt¯ n‡q c‡ob| ZvB 2q evi wegv Kivi d‡j




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`yN©Ubvq ÿwZi wec‡ÿ wegv †Kv¤úvbx †_‡K cvIbv ey‡S wb‡q‡Qb| Gfv‡e wg. gywnZ cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i eëmvq‡K mPj †i‡L‡Qb| K. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© Kx? 1 L. wbðqZvi Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. gywn‡Zi eëmv‡q †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó n‡qwQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. 2q evi wegv Kivq wg. gywnZ wegvKvix KZ…©K b¨vh¨ cvIbv ey‡S †c‡q‡Qb wegvi †Kvb bxwZi Rb¨? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 DËi: K. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ej‡Z wegvK…Z welqe ‘i Dci wegvMÖwnZvi Avw_©K ¯v_©‡K eySvq, †h ¯v_© _vK‡j wegvMÖnxZv jvfevb nq bv _vK‡j ÿwZMÖ ’ nq| L. wegv‡Z cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR n‡jv wbðqZv cÖ vb| Avi wegv GKwU wbðqZvi Pzw³|

m¤¢ve¨ ÿwZi wec‡ÿ wegv Avw_©K wbivcËv cÖ vb K‡i _v‡K| hyw³ m½Z wcÖwgqv‡gi wewbg‡q Giƒc wbðqZv weav‡bi d‡jB wegv MÖnxZv Zvi ev Zvi Avcb R‡bi Rxeb I m¤úwË wegv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ nq|

M. wg. gywn‡Zi eëmv‡q SuywKMZ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó n‡qwQj|

wegv n‡jv SuywK eÈ‡bi GKwU mn‡hvwMZvg~jK eë ’v| A_©vr †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Rxeb I m¤úwËi SuywK †gvKv‡ejvi cÖwµqvB n‡jv wegv eë ’v| eëmv‡q †h AwbðqZv we`¨gvb Zv n‡Z SuywKi DrcwË| GB SuywKMZ cÖwZeÜKZvi Rb¨ eëmvqxiv cY¨, RvnvR, AwMœKvÐ, Rxeb msµvšÍ ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq Zv wegv K‡i wegv Kvix‡K SuywK eÈb K‡i †`q|

wg. gywnZ Avg`vwbKviK wn‡m‡e we‡`k n‡Z wPwb G‡b eëmvq K‡ib| GB cY¨wU mgy ª c‡_ Rvnv‡R K‡i Avb‡Z nq| Avi RvnvR Wywemn Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi wec‡` c‡o RvnvR I wPwb SuywKi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i| GB SuywKMZ cÖwZeÜKZvi Rb¨ wPwb bó n‡q hvq Ges wg. gywnZ ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡e| N. 2q evi wegv Kivq wegvKvix KZ…©K b¨vh¨ cvIbv ey‡S †c‡q‡Q wegvi Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY bxwZi Rb¨|

wegvi GKwU Acwinvh© bxwZ n‡jv Avw_©K ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ| wegv n‡jv m¤¢ve¨ ÿwZ ev AvswkK `yie ’vi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K ÿwZc~i‡Yi GKwU eë ’v| GB bxwZi d‡j Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y wegvK…Z m¤úwËi ÿwZ n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvbx ÿwZc~iY K‡i|

DÏxc‡K wg. gywnZ we‡`k n‡Z wPwb Avg`vwb K‡i eëmvq K‡ib| wZwb 1g evi wegv bv Kivq Zvi c‡Yï †h ÿwZ n‡qwQj Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ÿwZc~iY cvbwb| wKš‘ 2q evi wegv Kivq `yN©Ubv N‡U Ges wegvPzw³i kZ© Abyhvqx I wegvi bxwZ Abyhvqx wegvKvix wg. gywnZ‡K Zvi b¨vh¨ cvIbv ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e eywS‡q w`‡q‡Q|

myZivs ej‡Z cvwi †h 2q evi wg. gywnZ wegvKvix KZ…©K b¨vh¨ cvIbv ey‡S †c‡q‡Q wegvi ÿwZc~iY bxwZi Rb¨| G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB|




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6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: iygvi wcZv GKRb eo eëmvqx| Zv‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi wegv Ki‡Z nq| GKw`b iægvi †Uwe‡j e¨vswKs I wegv eBUv †`‡L wZwb co‡jb| iægv‡K ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì KviLvbv, Mvwo BZ¨vw` bvbvb welq wegv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi g‡b aviYv wQj wegv eëmvq GKUv dUKv eëmvq| ÿwZ n‡j ÿwZc~iY K‡i bB‡j bq| wKš‘ GUv †h GKB ai‡bi SuywKi m¤§yLxb e¨w³e‡M©i g‡a¨ SyuwK eÈb K‡i Zv‡Zv fvwewb| GUv †h Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k uvovq Zv‡Zv g‡b Av‡mwb| Zvn‡j †Zv wegv GKUv Kj¨vYKi eë ’v|

K. wegv Pyw³ Kx ? 1 L. wegv Pzw³‡Z mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. iægvi evev GZw`b †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

N. iægvi wcZvi g‡b n‡q‡Q wegv GKwU Kj¨vYKi eë ’v| Zvi g‡Zi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. gvby‡li Rxeb ev m¤úwËi SzuwK Avw_©Kfv‡e †gvKvwejvi †KŠkjB n‡jv wegv ev wegv Pzw³| L. wegv Pzw³i †ÿ‡Î Pzw³fy³ Dfqc‡ÿi g‡a¨ mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© cÖwZwôZ nq Ges cÿmg~n G‡K A‡bï cÖwZ wek¦ Í AvPiY Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K| A_©vr cÿmg~n Pzw³ mswkøó Avek¨Kxq mKj Z_¨ Ac‡ii wbKU †¯”Qvq cÖKvk Ki‡e GUvB a‡i †bqv nq|

wegv Pzw³i d‡j wegvMÖnxZv I wegvKvixi g‡a¨ Ggb mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© cÖwZwôZ nq †h, GK cÿ Aci cÿ‡K wegvPzw³i wel‡q mwVK I m¤úyY© Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z AvBbZ eva¨ _v‡K| Ab¨_vq wegvPzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq| GRb¨B wegv Pzw³‡K cig wek¦v‡mi Pzw³ ejv n‡q _v‡K| M. iægvi evev GZw`b m¤úwË wegv K‡i‡Qb|

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4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wegvi cÖ_g K¬v‡m m¨vi ej‡jb, gvby‡mi Rxeb I m¤úwË‡K wN‡i †h SzuwK I AwbðqZv we`¨gvb Zvi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’vB n‡jv AvR‡Ki wegv eë ’v| ciw`b K¬v‡m ej‡jb, wegv ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| ÿwZ n‡j Zv c~iY Kiv wegvi KvR| Aek¨ wegv wbðqZviI Pzw³| †h Kvi‡Y `yÕai‡bi wegvi cÖPjb Avgiv mgv‡R †`L‡Z cvq| K. AvRxebx wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. Rxeb wegvq g„Zz nvi cwÄ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. m¨vi wegv‡K SzuwKi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v e‡j‡Qb †Kb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. m¨vi DÏxc‡K yÕai‡bi wegvi cÖwZ wb‡ ©k K‡i‡Qb| Df‡qi Kvh©KvwiZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| iwe GÛ eªv`vm© 20,00,000 UvKvi m¤úwË 15,00,000 UvKvq wegv K‡i| c‡i H m¤úwË Pzw³‡Z DwjøwLZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZMÖ Í n‡q hvq| ÿwZi c~‡e© Zvi cÖK…Z g~j¨ wQj 18,00,000 UvKv| wKšÍy wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K 15,00,000 UvKv ÿwZc~iY Av`vq Kiv hv‡e| †invbv, iwe‡K ej‡jb hw` m¤úwËi eZ©gvb evRvi g~j¨ 13,00,000 UvKv nq Zvn‡j ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e ïaygvÎ 13,00,000 UvKvB cvIqv hv‡e| K. wcÖwgqvg Kx? 1 L. RvZxq m¤ú` iÿvq wegvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 M. iwe GÛ eªv`vm© †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 N. †invbvi e³e¨ Abyhvqx wegv †Kv¤úvwb †Kb 13,00,000 UvKvi †ewk ÿwZc~iY Ki‡e bv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| XvKvi KPB ¯‹zj GÛ K‡j‡Ri GKv`k †kªwYi QvÎ cjv‡ki wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kg| ZvB Zvi eÜz mvweŸi Zv‡K GKw`b ejj †h, Zzwg hw` †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv m¤úwËi R‡b¨ wegv Ki‡Z wegvKvixi Kv‡Q hvI Z‡e †Zvgv‡K 18 eQ‡ii †ewk eqm n‡Z n‡e Ges m¤úwËi Ici †Zvgvi Avw_©Kfv‡e wbqwgZ wcÖwgqvg cÖ vbmn wKQz kZ© †Zvgv‡K gvb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î wegvKvix wegvi gva¨‡g g~jab MVb, wkí I evwYR¨ cÖf„wZ‡Z mnvqZv cÖ v‡bi j‡ÿ¨B Zvi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i e‡j mvweŸi cjvk‡K Rvbvq| mvweŸi Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z AviI e‡j wegvKvix Ges wegv MÖnxZvi wfbœ wfbœ D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡jI Gm‡ei Av‡jv‡KB g~jZ wegv Pzw³ m¤úbœ nq|

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290

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mvavibZ GKB ’v‡b Kg©iZ Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ G ai‡bi wegv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wb‡qvMKZ©v G ai‡bi wegv K‡i Kg©x‡ì fwel¨Z wbivcËv eë ’v M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| †Mvôx Rxeb wegv n‡jv Rxeb wegvi Ggb GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© aib hv GKUv mvgMÖxK hyw³i Aax‡b A‡bK msL¨K Rxe‡bi wbivcËv †`q| G‡ÿ‡Î †Mvôxfy³ A‡bK gvby‡li Rxeb‡K GKK wegvc‡Îi Aax‡b wegv Kiv nq| G wegvi Rb¨ kªwgKiv mÂq Kivi cÖeYZv e„w× cvq| mÂq e„w× †c‡j g~jab ev‡o| g~jab wb‡q wewfbœ eëmv-evwYR¨ K‡i wb‡R‡ì DbœwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov wegv Kiv _vK‡j fwel¨‡Z my‡L Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avw_©Kfv‡e m”Qj _vK‡j kªwgKiv Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvMx I mš‘ó _vK‡e|

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| †`‡ki Dbœq‡b wewb‡qvM LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avi GB wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb g~ja‡bi| Avi G Rb¨ e¨vsK KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Zvn‡j wegv eëmv‡qi Dbœq‡b miKv‡ii we‡kl mnvqZv †Kb? Rxeb wegv cwjwmi wec‡ÿ MÖvnK †h wcÖwgqvg Rgv †`q Ki cÖ v‡b Zvi wec‡ÿ †iqvZ †`q miKvi| †Kb GB myweav cÖkœ e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v wg. kvnx‡bi| wegv Kg©KZ©v wg: Zvwn‡ii Rbve, Rxeb wegv GKB mv‡_ mÂq I wewb‡qvM myweav †`q Ab¨w`‡K Rxe‡bi SzuwKi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z e¨w³ I mgvR Rxe‡b †h ¯w Í cÖwZwôZ nq Zv fve‡Z cv‡i? K. mgc©Y g~j¨ Kx? 1 L. †Mvôx wegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. miKvi Rxeb wegv eëmvq‡K †Kvb gyL¨ Kv‡Ri Kvi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Zvwni †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvc‡Îi K_v e‡j‡Qb? e³‡eï h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Rxeb wegv cwjwm †Lvjvi ci †Kvb Kvi‡Y wegvMÖnxZv H cwjwm Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Amg_© ev Awb”QzK n‡j ZLb hw` †h H cwjwm wegv cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q mgc©Y K‡i Ges wegv cÖwZôvb Zvi wewbg‡q wegvMÖnxZv‡K †Kvb A_© †`q Z‡e Zv‡K wegvc‡Îi mgc©Y g~j¨ e‡j|

L. †h wegv eë ’vq GKUv we‡kl †Mvôxi Rxeb‡K GKK wegvc‡Îi Aax‡b wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K †Mvôx wegv e‡j| mvaviYZ GKB ’v‡b Kg©iZ Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ G ai‡bi wegv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wb‡qvMKZ©v G ai‡bi wegv K‡i Kgx©‡ì fwel¨Z wbivcËv eë ’v M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ mgevq ev ms‡Ni m`m¨‡ì RbÏ G ai‡bi wegv Kiv hvq|

M. g~jab MVb I `xN©‡gqv`x wewb‡qv‡Mi mn‡hvwMZv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi Rxeb wegv eëmvq‡K mnvqZv K‡i Avm‡Q|




291

†gqvw` Rxeb wegvc‡Î e¨w³i g„Zz ev †gqv` cywZ©i c~e© ch©šÍ A_© †diZ w`‡Z nq bv| ZvB wcÖwgqvg wn‡m‡e msM„nxZ A_© wegv cÖwZôvb `xN© †gqv‡` wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wegv †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv Zvi Av‡qi GKUv Ask miKvi‡K AvqKi wn‡m‡e cÖ vb K‡i| GQvov I Gi Avw_©K mnvqZvq cÖwZwôZ wkí cÖwZôvb †_‡KI miKvi ivR¯ †c‡q _v‡K|

DcwiD³ Kvi‡Y miKvi Rxeb wegv eëmvq‡K mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| GiB cÖfve Avgiv DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨ †`L‡Z cvB| †hgb: Rxeb wegvi wcÖwgqv‡gi wecix‡Z †iqvZ w`‡”Q miKvi|

N. wg: Zvwni †gqvw` Rxebwegvc‡Îi K_v e‡j‡Qb|

†h wegvc‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖwZkÖæwZ †`qv nq †h, wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ †gqv`c~wZ©i wegvMÖnxZv‡K wbw`©ó cwigvb A_© cÖ vb Kiv n‡e A_ev D³ mg‡qi c~‡e© wegvMÖnxZvi g„Zz NU‡j Zvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³ ev DËivwaKvix‡ì‡K wegvc‡Î DwjøwLZ wbw`©ó cwigvb A_© cÖ Ë n‡e Zv‡K †gqvw` wegvcÎ e‡j|

DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvq wegv Kg©KZ©v wg: Zvwn‡ii wegv m¤ú‡K© †h wee„wZ wQj Zv nj: Rxeb wegv GKB mv‡_ mÂq I wewb‡qvM myweav †`q Ab¨w`‡K Rxe‡bi SzuwKi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z e¨w³ I mgvR Rxe‡b A‡bK ¯w Í cÖwZwôZ nq|

†gqvw` wegvi †ÿ‡Î GKvav‡i mÂq wewb‡qvM, Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e|

4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Ag~j¨ †emiKvwi Awd‡m PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi kix‡ii Ae ’v I myweav RbK bq| Ab¨w`‡K Zvi eÜz-weRq miKvix PvKz‡i| eÜz-‡eZb Kg †c‡j Kx n‡e| †m †Zv PvKwi †k‡l †cbkb cv‡e| wg. Ag~j¨ wegv Kg©KZ©v †K KiYxq wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| Kg©KZ©v e‡jb, Ggb cwjwm Av‡Q †hLv‡b †cbm‡bi g‡Zv UvKvB ïay bq bvbvb myweavI cvIqv hv‡e| wg. Ag~‡jï cÖkœ, hw` Avwg Zv †kl ch©šÍ Pvjv‡Z bv cvwi Z‡e Kx n‡e? wegv Kg©KZ©vi Reve, Ggb Ae ’v n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb Avcbvi UvKv †g‡i Lv‡e GUv g‡b Kivi KviY †bB| K. AvRxeb wegv cÎ Kx? 1 L. †hŠ_ wegv ev hyM¥ wegv ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. Ag~j¨‡K wegv Kg©KZ©v †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ Lyj‡Z civgk© w`‡q‡Qb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Ag~j¨ †kl ch©šÍ wegv Pvjv‡Z bv cvi‡j wegv Kg©KZ©v †h A_© †diZ w`‡eb e‡j‡Qb Zv‡K Kx e‡j? Gi Avek¨KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h Rxeb wegv Pzw³ Øviv wegvMÖnxZv g„Zz i c~e© ch©šÍ wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb K‡i, g„Zz i ci g‡bvbxZ e¨w³ ev DËivwaKvix wbw`©ó Avw_©K myweav cvq Zv‡K AvRxeb wegv cÎ e‡j|

L. †h wegv cÎ Øviv GKvwaK Rxe‡bi wegv M„nxZ nq Zv‡K †hŠ_ wegvcÎ e‡j|




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G ai‡bi wegv cwjwm‡K eûRxeb wegvcÎ ev †hŠ_Rxeb wegvcÎ ejv n‡q _v‡K| Rxeb wegvi ïiæ‡Z GKK Rxeb wegvc‡Îi cÖPjb NU‡jI cieZx©‡Z Gi cvkvcvwk †hŠ_Rxeb wegv c‡Îi cÖPjb N‡U| M. wg. Ag~j¨‡K wegv Kg©KZ©v e„wË wegvcÎ Lyj‡Z civck© w`‡q‡Qb| evwl©K e„wË ev e„wË eë ’v n‡jv AvMvg µqK…Z e¨w³i Rxe‡bi Aewkó mg‡qi Rb¨ A_ev wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ cwi‡kva Kiv nq|

wg. Ag~j¨‡K wegv Kg©KZ©v †h civgk© w`‡q‡Qb Zv g~jZ e„wË eë ’v ev evwl©K e„wË| evwl©K e„wË Ggb GKwU Rxeb wegv Pzw³ hv Øviv wcÖwgqv‡gi cÖwZ`vb ¯iƒc wegvKvix wegv MÖnxZv‡K mvivRxeb A_ev GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ evwl©K wbw`©ó nv‡i A_© cÖ vb K‡i| wegvMÖnxZv hZw`b RxweZ _v‡K ZZw`bB evwl©K e„wË cÖ vb Kiv n‡Z cv‡i| m~Zivs wegv MÖnxZvi RxweZ Ae ’vq G e„wË cÖ vb Kiv n‡jI g„Zz i ci Kiv nq bv|

N. wegv Kg©KZ©v †kl ch©šÍ Pvjv‡Z bv cvi‡j †h A_© †diZ w`‡eb e‡j‡Qb Zv‡K Rxeb wegvi mgc©b g~j¨|

Rxeb wegv cwjwm †Lvjvi ci †Kvb Kvi‡Y wegv MÖnxZv G cwjwm Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Amg_© ev Awb”QzK n‡j ZLb hw` †m H cwjwm wegv cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q mgc©b K‡i Ges wegv cÖwZôvb Zvi wewbg‡q wegv MÖnxZv‡K †Kvb A_© †`q Z‡e Zv‡K wegvc‡Îi mgc©b g~j¨ e‡j|

wg. Ag~j¨ hw` wegvwU †kl ch©šÍ Pvwj‡q bv †h‡Z cv‡ib Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡K wegvwU mgc©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j wg. Ag~j¨ wegvi wKQz Ask cv‡e| Z‡e D‡jøL _v‡K †h b~b¨Zg 2 eQi ch©šÍ wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Ki‡j D³ wegvi wegv `vwe Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wg. Ag~j¨ Kgc‡ÿ 2 eQi wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Ki‡j †m wegvcÎ mgc‡b©i ci cÖvc¨ Avw_©K g~j¨ cv‡e| GB welqwU wegv Kg©KZ©v wg. Ag~j¨‡K AewnZ K‡i‡Qb|

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. I wg‡mm Av‡bvqvi DfqB PvKwi K‡ib| Zviv GKUv wegvc‡Îi Aax‡b yÕR‡bi Rxeb ej‡jb, GLb wegv`vwe †c‡Z Pvb? GKRb gviv †M‡j wegv`vwe cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqvg †ewk n‡e| `yÕRb ‡f‡e ej‡jb, †h‡nZz wcÖwgqv‡gi cwigvb `yÕRb gviv †M‡j Kg, ZvB †mUvB Zv‡ì Rb¨ fv‡jv| wg. Av‡bvqvi fve‡Qb, gvwj‡Ki AvMÖ‡n Awd‡mi mevB wg‡j GKUv wegvc‡Îi Aax‡b Rxeb wegv K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b †Zv Zv‡K GUv fve‡Z nqwb| K. wcÖwgqvg Kx? 1 L. g„Zz nvi cwÄ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. I wg‡mm mv‡bvqvi †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvcÎ †Lvjvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. mv‡bvqvi cÖwZôv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Awd‡m GK‡Î †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi Gi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi:




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K. wegvPzw³‡Z wegvKvix SzuwK en‡bi ev A_© cÖ v‡bi †h wbðqZv †`q Zvi wec‡ÿ wegv MÖnxZv †h A_© cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K wcÖwgqvg e‡j|

L. AZxZ cwimsL¨vb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wbw`©ó eqm mxgvq cÖwZnvRv‡i m¤¢ve¨ g„Ze¨w³i msL¨v m¤wjZ mviwY‡K g„Zy nvi cwÄ e‡j| g„Zz nvi cwÄi gva¨‡g wegv eëmvqx †Kv‡bv GjvKvi wbw ©ó eq‡mi †jvK‡ì nvRvi cÖwZ gviv hvIqvi m¤¢vee¨ nvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx m¤¢ve¨ SzwKi cwigvb wbiæcb K‡i eëmvq cwiKíbv wb‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

M. wg. I wg‡mm mv‡bvqvi hyMœ Rxeb wegv cÎ †Lvjvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb|

†h wegv eë ’vq GKB wegv cwjwmi AvIZvq GKvwaK e¨w³i Rxeb †K wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K †hŠ_wegv e‡j| G ai‡bi wegv cwjwm‡K eûRxeb wegvcÎ ev †hŠ_Rxeb wegvcÎ ejv n‡q _v‡K| Rxeb wegvi ïiæ‡Z GKK Rxeb wegvc‡Îi cÖPjb NUvj I cieZx©‡Z Gi cvkvcvwk †hŠ_ Rxeb wegvc‡Îi cÖPjb N‡U|

DÏxc‡K wg. wg‡mm mv‡bvqvi GKUv wegv c‡Îi Aax‡b `yÕR‡bi Rxeb wegv Ki‡Z AvMÖnx hv hyM¥ Rxeb wegv c‡Îi Abyiæc| Avi †hŠ_wegv mvavibZ `yB †_‡K cuvPRb ch©šÍ e¨w³i Rxe‡bi SzuwK‡K GKK wegvc‡Îi AvIZvq Avbqb K‡i| G‡Z wegv msµvšÍ Li‡Pi cwigvb Kg nq| ¯vgx- ¿x, Nwbó eÜz-evÜwe, AvZ¥xq-¯Rb, eëmv‡qi Askx`vi G ai‡bi e¨w³e‡M©i Rb¨ †hŠ_wegv DËg| ïaygvÎ Rxeb wegvi †ÿ‡ÎB G ai‡bi wegv cÖ‡hvR¨| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wg. I wg‡mm mv‡bvqvi hyM¥ Rxeb wegvcÎ Ki‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb|

N. wg. mv‡bvqvi cÖwZôv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Awd‡m GK‡Î †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Mvôx wegv|

†h wegv eëmvq GKwU we‡kl †Mvôxi Rxeb †K GKK wegvc‡Îi Aax‡b wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K †Mvôx wegv e‡j|

mvaviYZ GKB ’v‡b Kg©iZ Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ G ai‡bi wegv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wb‡qvM KZ©v G ai‡bi wegv K‡i Kgx©‡ì fwel¨Z wbivcËv eë ’v M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡qvM KZ©v cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ mvaviYZ Giƒc wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i|

†Mvôx wegvq ZvwjKvfy³ †Kvb wegv MÖnxZv gviv †M‡jI G †ÿ‡Î wegvcÎ Pvjy _v‡K| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq wg. mv‡bvqvi fve‡Qb, gvwj‡Ki AvMÖ‡n Awd‡mi mevB GKUv wegv c‡Îi Aax‡b Rxeb wegv K‡i‡Qb hv †Mvôx wegvi AšÍf~©³|

DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jvPbv †_‡K ejv hvq wg. mv‡bvqvi cÖwZôv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Awd‡m GK‡Î †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Mvôx wegv|




294

beg Aa¨vq: Rxeb wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg‡mm bvnvi Zvi MvwoUv wegv K‡i‡Q‡jb| GKw`b M¨vm wmwjÛv‡i we‡ùviY N‡U Mvwo m¤ú~Y© ÿwZMÖ ’ nq| wegv †Kv¤úvwb cy‡iv ÿwZc~iY K‡i‡Q| Z‡e ÿwZMÖ ’ MvwoUv wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡K w`‡q w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi ¯vgxi Rxeb wegv Kwi‡q‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î wZwb mÂq I wewb‡qvM myweav cv‡eb| Zvi fvebv Avjøvn bv KiæK ¯vgx gviv †M‡j cy‡iv A_© cwi‡kva K‡i wegv †Kv¤úvwb g„Z‡`n wb‡q †M‡j wZwb Kx Ki‡eb? K. Rxeb wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx? 1 L. wegvi Dbœq‡b j‡qW&m Gi KwdLvbv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. ÿwZMÖ ’ MvwoUv wegv †Kv¤úvwb wb‡q hvIqvq wegvi †Kvb bxwZi Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg‡mm bvnv‡ii g‡a¨ †h fq KvR Ki‡Q Zv Kx †hŠw³K? g‡Zi ¯c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. mv‡ivqvi RvwZmsN wgk‡b kvwšÍiÿx wn‡m‡e eyiæwÛ hv‡”Qb| hvIqvi Av‡M wZwb wb‡Ri Rxeb wegv K‡i‡Qb| GK eQi ci wd‡i G‡m wZwb wegv Pzw³ bevqb Ki‡jb| G‡ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqv‡gi nviI †ek Kg| A_P Zvi eÜz wg. kIKZ‡K cÖwZ wZbgvm ci ci wKw Í w`‡Z nq Ges GKUv †gqv` ch©šÍ Zv w`‡q †h‡ZB n‡e| †mLv‡b wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi h‡_ó †ewk| K. wegv Kx? 1 L. Rxeb wegv‡K wbðqZvi Pzw³ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. wg. mv‡ivqvi †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvcÎ Ly‡j‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. kIKZ †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvcÎ Ly‡j‡Qb? G‡ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi †ewk nIqvi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. †gvnmx‡bi cwiwPZ GKRb wegv cÖwZwbwa bv‡Qvoev›`v| GB jvf IB jvf bvbvb myweav †`Lv‡”Q| wZb gvi ci ci 3,000 UvKv wKw Í Rgv w`‡j 20 eQi ci GK‡Î cv‡eb 10 jvL UvKv| Avi hw` wegv cwjwm †Lvjvi ci Gi g‡a¨ Avjøvn bv Kiæb gviv hvb ZvI 10 jvL UvKv| wg. †gvnmx‡bi eÜz wg. nvmvb Rxeb wegv K‡i‡Qb| ZvI 10 jvL UvKvi Rb¨| Z‡e wbR nv‡Z †mUv cvIqvi m¤¢vebv †bB| Z‡e wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi †ek Kg| K. mvgwqK wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. Rxeb wegvq wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i aviYv wjL| 2 M. wg. †gvnmxb †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvcÎ Ly‡j‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. nvmvb †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ Ly‡j‡Qb? G‡ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi Kg nIqvi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Rvgvb Zvi m¤úwË wegv K‡i‡Qb| cÖwZ eQiB Zv bevqb Ki‡Z nq| Gi g‡a¨ ÿwZ n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY K‡i| wKš‘ GKUv wegvc‡Îi AvIZvq Zvi KviLvbvi kªwgK‡`i Rxeb wegv K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b cÖwZ




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eQi eQi bevqb Ki‡Z nq| kªwgK gviv †M‡j UvKv †`q I eo ai‡bi Amy ’ n‡j nvmcvZv‡ji wmwKrmv LiP cÖ vb K‡i| ZvB gv‡S g‡a¨ Zvi g‡b cÖkœ Rv‡M m¤úwË wegv Avi kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ wegv Kx GKB ai‡bi| K. DËivwaKvi mb` Kx? 1 L. wcÖwgqvg wba©vi‡Y mgwKw Í aviYv wee„Z Ki| 2 M. wg. Rvgvb m¤úwË wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rvgvb KviLvbvi kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i‡Qb| DÏxcK we‡ePbvq wb‡q wg. Rvgv‡bi fvebv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Avng` †QvU PvKwi K‡ib| ¿x M„wnbx| hv Avq K‡ib msmvi Pvjv‡ZB cÖvq †kl n‡q hvq| ZvB Zvi g„Zz NUv‡j Kx n‡e G wb‡q wZwb ytwðšÍvq _v‡Kb| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Qb, wegv cwjwm Lyj‡eb| G‡Z wZwb wcÖwgqvg Rgv w`‡Z _vK‡eb| evuP‡j UvKv cv‡eb| Avi hw` Gi g‡a¨ gviv hvb †mLv‡bI Zvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³ A‡bK UvKv jvf Ki‡eb| eÜz ej‡jv †Zvgv‡K GLv‡b A‡bK wcÖwgqvg w`‡Z n‡e| Zzwg †h‡nZz g„Zz SzuwKi wec‡ÿ cÖwZiÿv PvI ZvB Ggb wegvcÎ †Lv‡jv hv‡Z Lye Kg wcÖwgqv‡g g„Zz SuywK wegv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡e GUv cÖwZ eQi bevqb Ki‡Z n‡e| K. Rxeb wegv Kx? 1 L. AvRxeb wegvcÎ m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. wg. Avn‡g` cÖ_‡g †Kvb ai‡bi cwjwm Lyj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvcÎ †Lvjvi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb? Giƒc civg‡k©i †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| gvbyl my›ì GB c„w_ex‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi †Póv K‡i| GB R‡b¨ wg. †mwjg Rxeb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU GKwU AvRxeb wegv K‡ib Ges cÖwZ ermi wbqwgZ wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Kivi ci wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wZwb nVvr Amy ’ n‡q g„Zz eiY K‡ib| wKšÍy wegv c‡Î bwgbxi bvg D‡jøL bv K‡i wZwb wegv K‡iwQ‡jb| (K) wcÖwgqvg Kx? 1 (L) m¤ú~Y© g~j¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K bwgwb bv _vKvq Zzwg wKfv‡e bwgwb Ki‡e Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. †mwj‡gi wegv `vex Zzwg wKfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡e Zv we‡kølY K‡iv| 4 7| wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI|

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(M) Dcwi D³ DÏxcK ev mviYx‡K Kx ejv hvq? †Kb? 3 (N) Dcwi-D³ mviYx wegvKvix‡K wKfv‡e mnvqZv Ki‡e? 4 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| ¯bvgab¨ eëmvqx Rbve iwng wb‡Ri Ges cwiev‡ii fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv K‡i Met Life Alico Gi mv‡_ 2008 mv‡j 20 eQ‡ii R‡b¨ 20 jÿ wegvK…Z A‡_©i mv‡_ †Kv¤úvwbi 5% jf¨vsk cÖ v‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q| wegvi wcÖwgqvg wn‡m‡e Rbve iwng cÖwZ wZb gvm AšÍi 25 nvRvi UvKv cÖ vb K‡i Avm‡Qb| MZ `yB eQi hver A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y Rbve iwng Zvi eëmvq µgvMZ †jvKmvb Ki‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ ¸`v‡g ivLv wKQz cY¨ cwjwmwU Pvwj‡q †bqv KóKi n‡q c‡o‡Q| (K) wegv Pzw³ Kx? 1 (L) g„Ëz nvi cwÄ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 (M) Rbve iwng †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki Rbve iwn‡gi eëmv‡qi R‡b¨ c„_K †Kv‡bv wegvcÎ MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb wQj Kx? †Zvgvi

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9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve RvwKi †nv‡mb b¨vkbvj d¨vbm& wj. U½x-Gi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi| yB †Q‡j I ¿x wb‡q Zvi my‡Li msmvi| eo †Q‡j widvZ mßg I †QvU †Q‡j ivnvZ cÂg †kªwYi QvÎ| eQi y‡qK c~‡e© wZwb ZvKvdzj Bmjvgx jvBd BbwmI‡iÝ †Kvs wj. †_‡K b¨vkbvj cwievi Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì c‡ÿ †Mvôx AÿgZv wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡ib| wZb gvm c~‡e© GK gg©vwšÍK moK yN©Ubvq Zv‡K c½y nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡Z nq| MZ mßv‡n wZwb evmvq wd‡ib| (K) `yN©Ubv Kx? 1 (L) `yN©Ubv wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSv? 2 (M) RvwKi mv‡n‡ei cwiev‡ii ÿwZc~i‡Y ZvKvdz‡ji KiYxq e¨vL¨v K‡i| 3 (N) yN©Ubvq c½y n‡q RvwKi mv‡ne weQvbvq, ZvKvdz‡ji †Mvôx wegvq Zvi wKQzUv `vq Kgvq-we‡kølY Ki| 4 10| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ vb c~e©K †Ubkb wd« †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ 10,000 UvKvi 30 eQi †gvw` GKwU wegv cwjwm MÖnY K‡ib| †gqv` †k‡l Rbve cjvk RxweZ _v‡Kb Ges Pzw³ Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZ eQi Zv‡K 20,000 UvKv cÖ vb K‡i| (K) ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg Kx? 1 (L) ÔAwMœwegv ÿwZ c~i‡Yi Pzw³Õ-e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ vb K‡ib †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) †Kv¤úvwbi 20,000 UvKv cÖ vb Kx hyw³hy³? we‡kølY K‡iv| 4



1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rvgvb GÛ †Kvs Pxb †_‡K 2 †KvwU 35 jÿ UvKvi B‡jKwUªK mvgMÖx µq K‡i Lvb wkwcs jvBb‡mi GKwU Rvnv‡R †cÖiY K‡i| wZwb RvnvR fvov eve` 3 jÿ 65 nvRvi UvKv, cY¨ RvnvRxKiY LiP 50 nvRvi UvKv Ges 70 nvRvi UvKv ïé cÖ vb K‡ib| wZwb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ 2 jÿ 30 nvRvi UvKv wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb K‡i GKwU †bŠwegv m¤úbœ K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi c‡_ Mfxi mgy‡ ª RvnvRwU †Wvevi Dcµg n‡j 25 jÿ UvKvi cY¨

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N. DÏxc‡Ki bvweK‡ì cY¨ †d‡j †Ìqvi d‡j m„ó ÿwZi SzuwKI wegv‡hvM¨ Avwg Gwel‡qi mv‡_ GKgZ|

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RvnvR I RvnvRw ’Z cY¨‡K eo ai‡bi wec` †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ evwnZ c‡Yï Askwe‡kl mgy‡`ª wb‡ÿc Kiv‡KB cY¨ wb‡ÿcY e‡j| Giƒc Kivi wcQ‡b g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K cYëvnx RvnvR‡K wKQzUv nvjKv K‡i Wy‡e hvIqvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| Giƒc ÿwZi SzuwKI eZ©gvbKv‡j wegv‡hvM¨|

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2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| mygb Zvi eÜz †mv‡n‡ji RvnvR fvov wb‡q gvjvgvj cwienY K‡i| †m evwnZ gvjvgv‡ji fvovi wec‡ÿ wegv K‡i Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwK Gi AšÍf©y³ K‡i| GKw`b RvnvRwU Av‡iKwU eo Rvnv‡Ri mv‡_ avKv †j‡M Wy‡e hvq| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU mygb ÿwZc~iY `vwe Ki‡j †Kv¤úvwb e‡j †h‡nZz RvnvRwU myg‡bi bq ZvB †m ÿwZc~iY cv‡e bv| gvgjv n‡j Av`vjZ ÿwZc~iY cÖ v‡bi wb‡ ©k †`q| K. RvnvR wegv Kx? 1 L. mgy‡ ª cY¨ wb‡ÿcY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mygb †h wegv K‡i‡Q Zv‡K welqe ‘i wfwË‡Z Kx e‡j e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †Kvb bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Awf‡hv‡M wegv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe cwi‡kv‡a A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q? G‡ÿ‡Î Av`vj‡Zi iv‡qi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. mgy ª c‡_ RvnvR PjvPjKv‡j Rvnv‡Ri AvswkK ev mvgwMÖK ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK ev Rvnv‡Ri Ici wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© i‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ KZ©„K D³ ÿwZ Avw_©Kfv‡e †gvKvwejvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wegv Kiv n‡j Zv‡K RvnvR wegv e‡j|

L. RvnvR I RvnvRw ’Z cY¨‡K eo ai‡Yi wec` †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ evwnZ c‡Yï Ask we‡kl mgy‡ ª wb‡ÿc Kiv‡KB cY¨ wb‡ÿcY e‡j|

cY¨ wb‡ÿc‡Yi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K cYëvnx RvnvR‡K wKQzUv nvjKv K‡i Wy‡e hvIqvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| Giƒc ÿwZi SzuwKI eZ©gvbKv‡j wegv‡hvM¨|

M. mygb †h wegv K‡i‡Q Zv‡K welqe ‘i wfwË‡Z fvov ev gvïj wegv e‡j| Rvnv‡R evwnZ cY¨ webó n‡j cY¨ gvwj‡Ki wbKU n‡Z evnK fvov Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z cwienY †Kv¤úvwb ev RvnvR †Kv¤úvwbi Avw_©K ÿwZ nq| Giƒc ÿwZi nvZ n‡Z evnK ev RvnvR †Kv¤úvwb‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿvi Rb¨ †h wegvc‡Îi eë ’v i‡q‡Q Zv‡K fvov ev gvïj wegv e‡j|

DÏxc‡Ki mygb RvnvR fvov wb‡q gvjvgvj cwienY K‡i| †m evwnZ gvjvgv‡ji fvovi wec‡ÿ wegv K‡i Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwKi AšÍ©f~³ K‡i hv fvov ev gvïj wegvi AvIZvq c‡o|




299

N. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y wegv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe cwi‡kv‡a A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q|

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DÏxc‡K mygb eÜzi RvnvR fvov wb‡q gvjvgvj cwienY K‡i Ges RvnvR fvovi wegv K‡i| †h‡nZz RvnvRwU‡Z Zvi wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© †bB ev RvnvRwUi gvwjK †m bq ZvB Rvnv‡Ri ÿwZ n‡jI mygb †Kvb ÿwZc~iY cv‡e bv| wKš‘ RvnvRwU fvov †bqvq mvgwqK mg‡qi Rb¨ myg‡bi RvnvRwUi Ici wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ˆZwi nq| ZvB Av`vj‡Zi ivq h‡_ó †hŠw³K|

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| NywY©S‡o RvnvR I RvnvR ’ gvjvgvj ÿwZMÖ Í n‡j ÿwZc~iY Kiv n‡e- G g‡g© wegv Kiv nq| cÖPÛ S‡o RvnvR GK Povq †eu‡a hvq Ges RvnvRwU Pov †_‡K bvgv‡Z K‡qKw`b mgq jv‡M| G‡Z RvnvR ’ Kgjv‡jey cu‡P bó nq| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K Kgjv †jeyi ÿwZc~iY `vwe Ki‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zv cÖ v‡b A¯xKvi K‡i| gvgjv Ki‡j Av`vjZ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi c‡ÿ ivq †`q| K. hvÎvi wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. mvgwMÖK ÿwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegv Kiv n‡qwQj? G‡ÿ‡Î wegvK…Z wec` †Kvb cÖK…wZi eY©bv Ki| 3 N. †Kvb bxwZi Kvi‡Y wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY K‡iwb? we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h wegvc‡Î †Kv‡bv wbw ©ó hvÎvc_ D‡jøLc~e©K †mLv‡b m„ó wec‡`i Kvi‡Y RvnvR, RvnvR ’ gvjvgvj I mswkøó ÿwZi Rb¨ ÿwZc~i‡Yi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`qv nq Zv‡K hvÎvi wegvcÎ e‡j|

L. wegvi welqe¯‘ †hgb- RvnvR, cY¨ I gvïj hw` mgMÖfv‡e ev m¤ú~Y©UvB ÿwZMÖ Í nq Z‡e Zv‡K mvgwMÖK ÿwZ e‡j| Giƒc ÿwZ y ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i: (1) cÖK…Z mvgwMÖK, (2) D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ|

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nVvr K‡i mvgyw`ªK So ev N~Y©ve‡Z©i m„wó nIqv, mgy ªM‡f© wbgw¾Z cvnv‡oi mv‡_ av°v jvMv; fvmgvb eid L‡Ði mv‡_ av°v jvMv BZ¨vw` KviY¸‡jv‡K mgy ªc‡_i cÖvK…wZK wec` ejv nq| D³ wec`¸‡jvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wec`wU wg‡j hvq| GRb¨ Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi wegvK…Z wec` nj cÖvK…wZK wec`|




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N. cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Y ÿwZc~iY bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY K‡iwb|

wegvPzw³‡Z †hB ai‡bi wec‡`i Kvi‡Y yN©Ubv NU‡j ÿwZc~iY Kiv n‡e e‡j D‡jøL _v‡K †mB ai‡bi yN©Ubvi cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Yi d‡j D™¢yZ ÿwZi Rb¨B wegvKvix `vqx nq| NUbvi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i w`K w`‡q ~ieZ©x Ggb Kvi‡Y ÿwZi Rb¨ wegvKvix `vqx nq bv|

DÏxc‡Ki RvnvRwU cÖPÐ S‡o Povq †e‡a hvq Ges Pov †_‡K RvnvRwU bvgv‡Z K‡qKw`b mgq †j‡M hvq| hvi d‡j RvnvR ’ Kgjv‡jey c‡P bó n‡q hvq| NyY©S‡o gvjvgj ÿwZMÖ Í n‡j ÿwZc~iY †`qv n‡e G g‡g© wegv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Kgjv‡jey cu‡P hvevi †cuQ‡b †h KviY wQj Zv nj mgq‡ÿcY| ZvB cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Yi bxwZwUi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y wegvKvixi wegv`vwe c~iY bv Kivi wm×všÍ †hŠw³K|

4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| GKwU RvnvR 20 ‡deªæqvwi e›`i †Q‡o hv‡e e‡j †bŠ-wegvi Pzw³c‡Î D‡jøL wQj| wKš‘ †Kv¤úvwbi Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y RvnvRwU 22 †deªæqvwi hvÎv K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z Rvnv‡Ri K¨v‡Þb wb‡Ri B”Qvbymv‡i hvÎvc_ cwieZ©b K‡i| GK mgq mgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i wbgw¾Z GKwU cvnv‡o av°v †j‡M RvnvRwU ÿwZMÖ Í nq| cieZ©x‡Z wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU ÿwZc~i‡Yi `vwe †ck Kiv n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zv evwZj K‡i †`q| K. cY¨ wb‡ÿcY Kx? 1 L. mvgwMÖK ÿwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki RvnvRwU‡K †Kvb †Kvb wec` †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. RvnvR †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi kZ© f½ K‡i‡Q? wegv `vex evwZ‡ji †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. mvgyw`ªK wec` n‡Z iÿv cvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ RvnvR nvjKv Kivi Rb¨ RvnvR n‡Z wKQz cY¨ mgy‡`ª wb‡ÿc Kiv‡K cY¨ wb‡ÿcY e‡j|

L. †bŠwegvK…Z welqe ‘ (RvnvR, cY¨ I gvmyj) yN©Ubvi d‡j hw` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsmcÖvß ev ÿwZMÖ ’ nq, Z‡e Giƒc ÿwZ‡K mvgwMÖK ÿwZ ev †gvU ÿwZ e‡j| G ÿwZ‡K 2 f‡M fvM Kiv hvq| cÖK…Z mvgwMÖK ÿwZ: wegvK…Z welq m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ÿwZMÖ ’ ev aŸscÖvß n‡j Ges Zvi †Kv‡bv wKQz D×vi wKsev kbv³ Kiv bv †M‡j Zv‡K cÖK…wZ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ e‡j|

D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ: wegvK…Z welqe ‘ AvBbMZ m¤ú~Y© ÿwZMÖ ’ n‡jI Zv †_‡K wKQz D×vi Kiv m¤¢e n‡j Zv‡K D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ e‡j|

M. DÏxc‡Ki RvnvRwU‡K cÖvK…wZK wec` †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|

cÖK…Z m„ó †h mKj wec` gvby‡li wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i †m¸‡jv‡K cÖvK…wZK wec` ejv nq|




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cÖvK…wZK wec‡ì g‡a¨ mvgwMÖK S‡o m„óÿwZ, Gi AvNvZ, eRªvNv‡Z RvnvR I cY¨ webó nIqv, mgy‡ ª fvmgvb eivÏ wKsev mgy‡`ª wbgw¾Z ev m„ó cvnv‡oi mv‡_ av°v †j`‡M RvnvR ev c‡Yï ÿwZ n‡q cÖvK…wZK wec` n‡Z cv‡i|

DÏxc‡K mgy‡ ªi Mfx‡i wbgw¾Z GKwU cvnv‡o av°v †j‡M RvnvRwU ÿwZMÖ ’ nq| Gme wec` †_‡K iÿv †c‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wb‡Z n‡e| mwVK hvÎvc‡_ RvnvR Pvjv‡Z n‡e| mwVK mg‡q RvnvRwU hvÎv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j wewfbœ wec` †_‡K iÿv cvIqv hv‡e|

N. RvnvR †Kv¤úvwb †bŠwegvi Ae¨³ kZ© f½ K‡i‡Q| †bŠwegv Pzw³‡Z Ggb wKQz AZ¨vek¨Kxq kZ© i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv Pzw³c‡Î D‡jøL bv A_P cvjb bv Ki‡j Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq| †m kZ© ‡jv Ae¨³ kZ© bv‡g cwiwPZ|

DÏxc‡K RvnvRwU 20 †g †deªæqvwi e›ì †Q‡o hv‡e e‡j †bŠ wegvPzw³c‡Î D‡jøL wQj| wKš‘ †Kv¤úvwbi Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y RvnvRwU 22 †deªæqvwi RvnvRwU hvÎv K‡i| ZvQvov Rvnv‡Ri K¨v‡Þb wb‡Ri B”Qvbymv‡i cvÎvc_ cwieZ©b K‡i| cwieZ©b Kivi Kvi‡Y mgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i wbgw¾Z GKwU cvnv‡o av°v †j‡M RvnvRwU ÿwZMÖ ’ nq|

†h‡nZz hvÎvc_ wfbœc‡_ Mgb K‡i‡Q, ZvQvov hvÎvq wej¤ n‡q‡Q hvi Kvi‡Y wegv †Kv¤úvwb wegv`vwe evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i|

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| evsjv‡`‡ki mgy ª RvnvR Ò†mvbvi ZixÓ 2012 mv‡ji ‡deªæqvwi gv‡mi 27 Zvwi‡L jÛ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïiæ K‡i, hv jÛ‡b 03-07-2012 Bs Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi K_v| hvÎv c‡_ A‡bK RvqMvq Wz‡ev cvnvo _vKvi Kvi‡Y jÛb cÖevwm wg. Avinvg Zvi Avg`vwbK…Z 50 nvRvi †ej cvU wegv K‡ib †hb Zv Wz‡ev cvnv‡oi Kvi‡Y ÿwZi gy‡L bv c‡o| nVvr 25-06-2012Bs Zvwi‡L kU©mvwK©‡U 30 nvRvi †ej cvU cy‡o hvIqvq wg. Avinvg Zvi wegvK…Z †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q ÿwZc~ib Pvq| wKš‘ wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zv cÖ v‡b A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq| (K) j‡qWm& Kx ? 1 (L) †bŠ-fvUKcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegvcÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) ÔDÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Av¸‡b gvjvgv‡ji ÿwZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I wegv †Kv¤úvwb †Kb ÿwZc~i‡Y A¯xK…wZ RvbvqÕ DË‡ii h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. j‡qWm n‡jv we‡k¦i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb I eZ©gv‡b me©e„nr †bŠ-wegv cÖwZôvb|




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L. †h wjwLZ Pzw³i Øviv Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK gvmy‡ji wewbg‡q cY¨ en‡bi Rb¨ GKLvwb m¤ú~Y© RvnvR ev Rvnv‡Ri AwaKvsk ’vb GKwU wbw`©ó mgy ªhvÎvi Rb¨ ev wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ cY¨ †cÖiY‡K fvov †`q Zv‡K †bŠ-fvUKcÎ ev PvU©vi cvwU© e‡j|

cy‡iv RvnvR fvov †bqv n‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î Pzw³fz³ mgq ev hvÎvi Rb¨ fvov MÖnxZv Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK MY¨ nq| d‡j H mg‡q Rvnv‡Ri mKj `vq fvovMÖnxZvi Dci e‡Z©|

M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegvcÎwU wgkÖ wegvcÎ| †h wegvc‡Î mywbw`©ó hvÎvi K_v D‡jø‡Li cvkvcvwk mg‡qiI D‡jøL _v‡K Zv‡K wgkÖ wegvcÎ e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, mgy ª RvnvR Ò‡mvbvi ZixÓ 2012 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡mi 27 Zvwi‡L jÛ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïiæ K‡i, hv jÐ‡b 03-07-2012 Bs Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ †cŠuQv‡bvi K_v| GLv‡b mywbw ©ó hvÎcÎ jÛb I mgq 03-07-2012 Zvwi‡Li K_v D‡jøL Av‡Q|

Avgiv Rvwb, mgy ªhvÎv I †gqv`x wegvc‡Îi mswgkÖYB n‡”Q wgkÖ wegvcÎ| G ai‡bi wegvc‡Îi g~j¨ A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk n‡q _v‡K|

N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Av¸‡b gvjvgv‡ji ÿwZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZi wbKUeZ©x Kvi‡Yi Rb¨ ÿwZc~i‡Y A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq|

cÖZ¨ÿ ev wbKUeZ©x KviY ej‡Z wegv Pzw³‡Z †h mKj wec‡`i Kvi‡Y ÿwZ n‡j ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb Kiv n‡e e‡j D‡jøL Kiv nq, †m mKj KviY‡K eySvq|

DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ jÛb cÖevwm wg. Avinvg Zvi Avg`vwbK…Z 50 nvRvi †ej cvU wegv K‡ib †hb Zv Wz‡ev cvnv‡oi Kvi‡Y ÿwZi gy‡L bv c‡o| wKš‘ 30 nvRvi †ej cvU kU©mvwK©‡U cy‡o wM‡q‡Q| NUbvi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i w`K w`‡q ~ieZ©x Ggb Kvi‡Y ÿwZi Rb¨ wegvKvix `vqx nq bv|

myZivs wegv †Kv¤úvbx KZ©„K ÿwZc~iY cÖ v‡b A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv †hŠw³K|




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`kg Aa¨vq: †bŠ wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| n¨v‡fb mx †Kv¤úvwb `xN©w`b a‡i mgy‡ ª gvjvgvj cwienb K‡i Avm‡Q| Zviv Zv‡ì RvnvR¸‡jv GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ wegv K‡i| wKš‘ Zviv †h gvjvgvj cwienb K‡i Zv †Kv‡Ì‡K †Kv_vq hv‡e GUv wnmv‡e wb‡q cvIbv fvovi Rb¨ wegv Kiv nq| yÕwU †ÿ‡Î wegv Ki‡Z †h‡q †h wfbœZv GUv `viæbfA‡e Dc‡fvM K‡ib †Kv¤úvwbi Gg.wW Rbve †ZŠwdK| K. g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. ‡bŠwegv‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. n¨v‡fb mx †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡ì RvnvR¸‡jvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cY¨ cwien‡Y †h wegvi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi bvg Kx? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve kIKZ †gNbv BÝy‡iÝ †Kvs wjt Gi KY©avi| Zvi eÜz Rbve Bw`ªm †bŠ wegv Ki‡Z G‡m ej‡jb, ÒBÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi gZ jvfRbK eëmvq Avi nq bv| †ewkfvM †ÿ‡ÎB †Zv wegv`vwe cwi‡kv‡ai cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|Ó Rbve kIKZ Gi DË‡i Rvbv‡jb, Gi d‡j †h Zvi cÖwZôvbB ïaygvÎ jvfevb n‡”Q Ggb bq eis †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡ZI BwZevPK cÖfve co‡Q| K. †bŠ wegv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve Bw`ª‡mi e³‡e¨ †bŠ wegvi †Kvb Acwinvh© êwkó¨wU dz‡U D‡V‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z wg. kIK‡Zi cÖwZôvbwU BwZevPK f~wgKv ivL‡Q- G e³‡eï mg_©b‡hvM¨Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| gvRnvi †UªWvm© 400 UvKv e¨vM `‡i 5000 e¨vM wm‡g›U µq K‡i Zv Rvnv‡R †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ †bŠ-wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i| wegvc‡Î wegvK…Z A‡¼i cwigvY 20 jÿ UvKvi D‡jøL Kiv nq| cw_g‡a¨ 1000 e¨vM wm‡g›U m¤ú~Y© webó nq| webóKv‡j wm‡g‡›Ui evRv‡i ì e¨vM cÖwZ 450 UvKv wQj| wegv †Kv¤úvwb evRvi ì wnmv‡e wb‡q ÿwZc~iY K‡i| K. †Kvb wegvi ga¨ w`‡q wegv eëmvq hvÎv ïiæ K‡i? 1 L. mvgwMÖK ÿwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K gvRnvi †UªWvm© †h wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wegv †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡i‡Q? m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©q I Gi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| †gvnbv bvgK GKwU RvnvR cY¨m‡gZ mgy‡`ª N~Y©ve‡Z© cwZZ n‡q m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Wy‡e hvq Ges AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z Zv‡K m¤ú~Y© aŸsmcÖvß e‡j a‡i †bqv nq| RvnvR, cY¨ I gvï‡ji wegv Kiv _vKvq Zviv wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU weÁwß




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1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: mvbkvBb BÝy ‡iÝ wj. biwms`xi BmgvBj Lv‡bi myZv ˆZixi KviLvbvi Dci 30 jÿ UvKvi GKwU AwMœwegv m¤úv`b K‡i| BmgvBj Lvb GKw`b †Mvc‡b KviLvbvi wKQz hš¿cvwZ I myZv Ab¨Î miv‡Z hvb| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi MvW© †`‡L †djvq Zv m¤¢e nqwb| cieZ©x‡Z wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wb‡lavÁv Agvb¨ K‡i wZwb G KviLvbvi cv‡kB GKwU †eKvwi ’vcb K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ fqven AwMœKv‡Ð KviLvbv I †eKvwiwU m¤ú~Y© f®§xf~Z nq| Gici wZwb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU wegvi `vwe Dc ’vcb K‡ib| wegv †Kv¤úvwb wegvi `vwewU cÖZ¨vLvZ K‡ib| (SESDP) K. AwMœwegv Kx? 1 L. AwMœwegv c‡Î †Kvb Av¸‡bi SzuwK eR©b Kiv nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. BmgvBj Lv‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ð †h SzuwKi D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 N. wegv `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi mvbkvBb BÝy ‡iÝ wj. Gi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. AwMœwegv n‡jv AwMœRwYZ wec‡ì SzuwK †gvKvwejvi GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v|

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DÏxc‡K wg‡mm dviRvbv Zvi gvwjKvbvaxb Mv‡g©›U‡mi AwMœRwbZ `yN©Ubv Gov‡Z wmwU †Rbv‡ij BÝy ‡i‡Ýi Kv‡Q 5 †KvwU UvKv g~‡jï wegv K‡ib| wegvwUi welqe ‘ A_©vr Mv‡g©›Um AwMœKv‡Ð ÿwZi †hvM¨| A_©vr wegvi welqe¯‘ AwMœKv‡Ð `v‡nï †hvM¨ welqe ‘| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K wg‡mm dviRvbvi Mv‡g©›U‡mi Rb¨ Kiv wegvwU n‡jv AwMœwegv|

N. wmwU †Rbv‡ij BÝy ‡iÝ wj. Gi ÿwZc~i‡Y A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv hyw³hy³ e‡j g‡b Kwi|

wmwU †Rbv‡ij BÝy ‡iÝ wj. cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Yi bxwZ Abymv‡i ÿwZc~iY A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv hyw³hy³| G bxwZi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv wegv Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL Kvi‡Yi m‡½ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e m¤úwK©Z Ggb wKQzi d‡j Rxeb ev m¤úwËi nvwb n‡jB wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY K‡i| ZvB ÿwZ n‡j Pzw³‡Z D‡jøwLZ †Kvb Kvi‡Yi cÖZ¨ÿ cÖfv‡e ÿwZ n‡q‡Q wKbv wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zv hvPvB K‡i|




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DÏxc‡K wg‡mm dviRvbv Zvi wegv Pzw³‡Z Mv‡g©‡›U‡mi AwMœKv‡Ði ÿwZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ wegv K‡iwQ‡jv| wKš‘ f~wgK‡¤úi Kvi‡Y ÿwZ nq, hv wegv‡Z D‡jøL wQ‡jv bv|

wegvPzw³‡Z f~wgK‡¤úi K_v bv _vKvq Zv cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv nq wb| GRb¨ wmwU †Rbv‡ij BÝy ‡i‡Ýi ÿwZc~iY cÖ v‡b A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv hyw³hy³ e‡j g‡b Kwi|

4| wb‡Pi DÏxKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: gyËvwje †UªwWs Zv‡ì KviLvbv `xN©w`b mvbjvBU wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z wegv K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| Zviv †h m¤úwËi g~j¨ †`wL‡q‡Qb Zv wb‡q cÖkœ D‡Vwb| gv‡S g‡a¨ Av¸‡b AvswkK ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Rixc`j ÿwZ g~j¨vqb K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY K‡i _v‡K| B`vwbs gyËvwje †UªwWs Zv‡ì KviLvbvwU wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡K bv Rvwb‡q A‡bï wbKU weµq K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z Av¸b jvM‡j bZzb KviLvbv gvwjK Zvi µ‡qi êaZv †`Lv‡jI wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q| K. AwMœwegv Kx? 1 L. ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gyËvwje †UªwWs‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi AwMœwegv cÎ Bmy K‡iwQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wegv †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y ÿwZc~iY K‡iwb? Giƒc bxwZi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v‡KB AwMœwegv e‡j|

L. Avw_©K ÿwZi m¤¢vebvB S~uwK| gvby‡li Rxeb I m¤úwËi GB Avw_©K SzuwK †gvKvwejvi cÖwµqvB n‡jv eZ©gvbKv‡ji wegv eë ’v| wegvK…Z welqe ‘ we‡klZ m¤ú‡ì ÿwZ n‡j wegvKvix wegvMÖnxZv‡K cÖK…Z ÿwZc~iY K‡i| GRb¨ wegvPzw³‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv n‡q _v‡K|

M. gyËvwje †UªwWs‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb †h ai‡bi AxMœwegv cÎ Bmy K‡iwQj Zv nj g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ|

†h wegvPzw³‡Z wegvK…Z m¤úwËi g~j c~e© †_‡K Dfqc‡ÿi m¤§wZµ‡g wba©viKc~e©K wegvcÎ D‡jøL Kiv nq Zv‡K g~j vwqZ wegvcÎ e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î m¤úwË KZ As‡ki ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Zv wba©viY K‡i wegvK…Z g~‡jï wePv‡i AvswkK ÿwZ wbiƒwcZ nq| DÏxc‡K gyËvwje †UªwWs Gi †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, m¤úwËi g~j¨ c~e© †_‡KB wba©viY Kiv Ges gv‡S g‡a¨ Av¸‡b AvswkK ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Rixc `j ÿwZ g~j¨vqb K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY K‡i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î eySv hv‡”Q GUv g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ|

N. wegv †Kv¤úvwb wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i bxwZwUi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y ÿwZc~iY K‡iwb|

wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ej‡Z wegvK…Z m¤ú` ev Rxe‡bi Ici wegvMÖnxZvi Ggb Avw_©K ¯v_©‡K eySvq hv eRvq _vKv ev ÿwZ nIqv‡K Zvi Avw_©K jv‡fi cÖkœ RwoZ _v‡K| m¤úwË wegvi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZi mgq wegvMÖnxZvi Giƒc ¯v_© envj _vKv Avek¨K|

DÏxc‡K gyËvwje †UªwWs Zv‡ì KviLvbvwU wegv Kivi ci weµq K‡i †`q Ges cieZ©x‡Z Av¸‡b webó n‡j bZzb gvwjK KviLvbvwU µ‡qi êaZv Rvbv‡jI wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~i‡Y A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q| KviY ÿwZ msMwVZ nevi mg‡q gyËvwj‡ei †Kvb wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© wQj bv Ges byZb †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nqwb| ZvB ejv hvq, wegv †Kv¤úvwbi A¯xK…wZ AZ¨šÍ hyw³hy³|




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5| wb‡Pi DÏxKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Rvgvb GKUv †cÖm I evBwÛs KviLvbv Ki‡eb| miKv‡ii AbygwZ jvB‡mÝ PvB‡jb| A‡bK k‡Z©i g‡a¨ GKUv kZ© wegv Kiv n‡q‡Q Kx bv? wegv Ki‡Z †M‡j AwMœwbe©vcK M¨vm wmwjÛvi jvMv‡bvi kZ© †`qv n‡jv| kZ© †g‡b wZwb wegv Ki‡jb| ÿwZ msNwUZ n‡j wegvKvix Zv c~iY Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q‡Q| wg. Rvgvb eëmvq Pvjv‡Z ¯v”Q›`‡eva Ki‡Qb| K. Mo coZv wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. AwMœwegvq ˆbwZK SzuwK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Rvgvb †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i‡Qb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rvgvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³? wg. Rvgv‡bi ¯”Q›`‡ev‡ai mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h wegvc‡Îi †ejvq ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ cwigvY `vwe cwi‡kva bv K‡i MociZv nv‡i Zv wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K MocoZv wegvcÎ e‡j|

L. wegv MÖnxZvi PwiÎ ev cvk¦©eZ©x †jvKR‡bi Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K m„wó SzuwK‡KB ˆbwZK SzuwK e‡j| ˆbwZK SzuwK A`„k¨gvb Ges Zv gvby‡li Ici wbf©ikxj| ˆbwZK SzuwK †m‡nZz gvby‡li AmvayZvi Ici wbf©ikxj, ZvB wegvKvixi c‡ÿ Zv Abygvb Kiv mnR bq|

M. wg. Rvgvb AwMœwegv K‡i‡Qb| AwMœwegv n‡jv AwMœRwbZ wec‡ì SzuwK †gvKvwejvi GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv eë ’v| †h Pzw³i Øviv †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ AwMœKv‡Ði d‡j wba©vwiZ m¤úwËi ÿwZ ev nvwb n‡j wbw ©ó mxgv cwigvY ch©šÍ ÿwZc~iY Kiv n‡e- G g‡g© wegvKvix I wegvMÖnxZvi g‡a¨ Pzw³ nq Zv‡KB AwMœwegv e‡j|

DÏxc‡Ki wg. Rvgvb Zvi †cÖm I evBwÛs KviLvbvwU wegv Ki‡Z †M‡j AwMœ wbe©vcK M¨vm wmwjÛvi jvMv‡bvi kZ© †`qv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h GwU GKwU AwMœwegv| N. wg. Rvgvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³|

AwMœwegv n‡jv AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY eë ’v| †h Kvi‡Y Zv wbtm‡›`‡n ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| G‡ÿ‡Î m¤úyY© SzuwK wegv Kiv n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb AvswkK ÿwZi †ejvq AvswkK Ges m¤ú~Y© ÿwZi †ejvq m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖ v‡b eva¨ _v‡K|

DÏxc‡Ki wg. Rvgvb hLb †Kv¤úvwbi kZ© †g‡b wb‡q wegv K‡ib ZLb cieZ©x‡Z ÿwZ msNwUZ n‡j wegvKvix Zv c~iY Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq GwU ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| †h‡nZz ÿwZ n‡j ÿwZc~iY cvIqv hv‡e ZvB wg. Rvgvb ¯v”Q‡›` Zvi eëmvq Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Qb|

6| mvfv‡i wg. ivqnv‡bi GKwU RyZvi KviLvbv i‡q‡Q| RyZv ˆZwii †KwgK¨vj n‡Z †h †Kvb mgq AwMœKvÛ NU‡Z cv‡i weavq wZwb Zvi AwMœwegv‡hvM¨ m¤úwË¸‡jvi Rb¨ GKwU wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g wKw Í wcÖwgqvg cÖ v‡bi ciciB AwMœKv‡Û mewKQz fw¯§f~Z n‡q hvq| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU ÿwZc~iY †P‡q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb| (K) Mo wegvcÎ Kx? 1 (L) AwMœwegvc‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi Av¸‡bi SuywK eR©b Kiv nq? 2




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(M) wg. ivqnvb †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) wg. ivqnvb DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K Kx cwigvY ÿwZc~iY cv‡eb? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h wegvc‡Îi †ejvq ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ cwigvY `vwe cwi‡kva bv K‡i MocoZv nv‡i Zv wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K MocoZv wegvcÎ e‡j|

L. AwMœwegv †Kv¤úvwb wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ KviYmg~n Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y msNwUZ `yN©Ubvq wegvK…Z m¤úwË webó n‡j Zvi Rb¨ `vqx _v‡K bv| GRb¨ c~e© n‡ZB AwMœwegvc‡Î eR©bxq SzuwK¸‡jvi D‡jøL Kiv nq| eR©bxq SzuwKmg~n wb¤œiƒc: 1| welqe ‘ ¯Ztù~Z© cÖ vn ev Zvc ev Zvc cÖ‡qvMK…Z †Kvb cÖwµqv †_‡K AwMœ; 2| f~wgK¤ú ev f~Mf© ’ AwMœ; 3| mv¤úª vwqK `v½v, AmgwiK Av‡›`vjb I we‡ ªvn n‡Z AwMœ; 4| hy×weMÖn, AvµgY, we‡`kx kÎæi kÎæZv, M„nhy×, we‡`ªvn BZ¨vw` †_‡K AwMœ|

M. wg. ivqnvb Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| †h AwMœwegv Pzw³‡Z ev AwMœwegvc‡Î c~e© †_‡K wegvK…Z m¤úwËi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq bv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi KvR cieZ©x mg‡q Kivi e¨e ’v _v‡K Zv‡K Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ e‡j| GKRb wegvMÖnxZvi †h mKj m¤úwË AwMœwegv‡hvM¨ †m¸‡jv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i G ai‡bi wegvcÎ †Lvjv n‡Z cv‡i|

DÏxc‡Ki wg. ivqnv‡bi GKwU RyZvi KviLvbv i‡q‡Q| AwMœRwbZ SzuwK Gov‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb GKwU AwMœwegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zvi †h mKj m¤úwË Awegv‡hvM¨ †m¸‡jv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i wZwb GKwU wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †h‡nZz c~e© n‡Z m¤úwËi g~j¨ wbiƒcY Kiv nqwb ZvB GwU GKwU Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ|

N. wg. ivqnvb DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K evRvi g~j¨ Abyhvqx ÿwZc~iY cvq|

Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î m¤úwËi g~j¨ ce© n‡Z wba©viY Kiv nq bv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi KvR cieZ©x mg‡q Kivi e¨e ’v nq| G‡Z ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ Abym„Z nq Ges ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j evRvi g~j¨ Abyhvqx Zv wbY©xZ nq|

DÏxc‡K wg. ivqnvb Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î m¤úwËi g~j¨ c~e© n‡Z g~j¨vqb Kiv nqwb| cÖ_g wKw Í wcÖwgqvg cÖ v‡bi ciciB AwMœKv‡Ð mewKQz fw®§f~Z n‡q hvq| Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxU Abym„Z nq| GgZve ’vq KZUzKz ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Zv wba©viY K‡i evRvig~j¨ wbiƒcY K‡i wegv`vwe c~iY Kiv n‡e|




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GKv`k Aa¨vq: AwMœ wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. gybxi I wg. Kvgiæj `yB eÜz| cvU eëmvq| cvkvcvwk cv‡Ui ¸`vg| `yÕRbB ¸`vgmn cvU AwMœwegv K‡i‡Qb| GKw`b iv‡Z kU©mvwK©U †_‡K Av¸‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U wg. gywb‡ii ¸`v‡gi me cvU cy‡o hvq| wg. Kvgiæ‡ji ¸`v‡g Av¸b Qov‡jI dvqvi weª‡M‡Wi †jv‡Kiv Av¸b wbfv‡bvi Kvi‡Y Zvi ÿwZi gvÎv Kg nq| wegv †Kv¤úvwb Z`šÍ mv‡c‡ÿ wg. gybxi‡K ÿwZc~iY K‡i cy‡o hvIqv m¤úwËi Aewkóvsk wbR `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡q †bq| wKš‘ wg. Kvgiæj‡K ÿwZc~iY Ki‡jI Zvi Aewkó meB wg. Kvgiæ‡jiB †_‡K hvq| K. AwMœwegv Kx? 1 L. AwMœwegvq AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Kvgiæj‡K cÖ Ë ÿwZc~iY †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. gywbi‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wegvi †Kvb bxwZi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4

2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. eo–qv wegv Awd‡m PvKwi K‡ib| GLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwKi wec‡ÿ bvbvb ai‡bi wegv Kiv hvq| mgy‡ ª RvnvR Pj‡Q, iv Ívq Mvwo Pj‡Q, KviLvbvq Av¸b jvM‡Z cv‡i- G ai‡bi bvbvb welq wb‡q wegv Ki‡Z Av‡m gvbyl| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi gyL¨ Kg©KZ©vi we‡kl wb‡ ©k n‡jv AwMœwegv Kivi †ÿ‡Î wegv cÖ ÍveKvixi PwiÎ, mybvg BZ¨vw` we‡klfv‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| wg. eo–qv fv‡eb, G‡ÿ‡Î GUv we‡klfv‡e †`L‡Z ejvi g‡a¨ wbðqB KviY i‡q‡Q| K. wbw`©ó wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. AwMœwegvq ’jvwfwl³KiY bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. eo–qv †Kvb ai‡bi wegv Awd‡m PvKwi K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AwMœwegvi †ÿ‡Î gyL¨ Kg©KZ©v †Kvb SzuwKi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb? Zvi e³‡eï h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| AwMœwegv ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| wKš‘ ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©q †ÿÎwe‡k‡l †ek KóKi| wg. cÖvgvwYK Ggb c‡Yï eëmvq K‡ib hvi `vg memgqB DVvbvgv K‡i| wg. ewYK †h cY¨ weµq K‡ib Zvi AvswkK bó n‡jB cy‡iv wRwbl bó n‡q‡Q aiv nq| Avevi †KD Ggb cY¨ µq weµq K‡ib hvi AvswkK ÿwZ wbiƒcY m¤¢e| ZvB me©ÎB GK ai‡bi wegvcÎ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq GUv fv‡eb wg. gÐj| G Rb¨ wZwb wg. cÖvgvwY‡Ki †ÿ‡Î Ggb wegvcÎ Bmy Kivi c‡ÿ hv‡Z wegvMÖnxZv AwaK g~j¨ †`wL‡q wegv †Kv¤úvwbi ÿwZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| K. †Kvb wegvq ˆbwZK SzuwKi gvÎv me‡P‡q †ewk? 1 L. Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ewY‡Ki †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ †Lvjv DËg e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. cÖvgvwY‡Ki Rb¨ wg. gÐj †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ Bmy¨ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb? Giƒc Kivi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4




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4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Rnx‡ii A‡bK e‡ov eëmvq| RvnvR Av‡Q, e›`‡i wbR¯ ¸`vg Av‡Q| RvnvR I ¸`vg GKB †Kv¤úvwb‡Z wegv K‡ib| wZwb wb‡Ri RwebI wegv Kwi‡q‡Qb| Z‡e GKB wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z Zv Kiv hvq wb| ¸`vg wegv Ki‡Z Zv‡K PvwiwÎK mb`mn bvbvb KvMRcÎ Rgv w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb fv‡eb GKB wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z RvnvR I ¸`vg wegvi †ÿ‡Î †Kv¤úvwb A‡bK †ekx mZK©| K. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© Kx? 1 L. Mo-coZv wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Rnxi RvnvR I ¸`vg †Kvb ai‡bi wegv cÖwZôv‡b wegv K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ¸`vg‡gi Rb¨ wg. Rnxi †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i‡Qb? G‡ÿ‡Î AwZwi³ welqvw` †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki|4

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| hgybv BbwmI‡iÝ GKUv ¯bvgab¨ wegv cÖwZôvb| MÖvnK‡ì `vwe c~i‡Yi wel‡q LyeB AvšÍwiK| Gi †P‡qI e‡ov K_v Zviv Zv‡ì wegv„Z m¤úwË Av¸‡bi nvZ †_‡K Kxfv‡e iÿv iKv hvq GRb¨ MÖvnK‡ì memgq civgk© †`q Ges †Lvu-Lei iv‡L| G Rb¨ MÖvnKivI L ykx| †mRb¨ A‡bK e‡ov e‡ov eëmvqx Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wegv K‡i‡Q| Z‡e †ewk cwjwm Ly‡j †djvq wegv †Kv¤úvwb ytwðšÍMÖ Í| ZvB Zviv mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i‡Q| G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbwU mybv‡gi mv‡_ eëmvq Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j g‡b Ki‡Q| K. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx? 1 L. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ ev AcPq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. hgybv BbwmI‡iÝ Gi †Póvi d‡j MÖvnK‡ì g‡a¨ Kx‡mi m„wó nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †Kv¤úvwbwU mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ Kx Pyw³ K‡i‡Q? Gi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4

6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| AvkdvK Zvi Mv‡g©Èm d¨v±ixi Dci 10 jÿ UvKvi GKwU AwMœwegv m¤úv`b K‡i| GKw`b †Mvc‡b wKQz cY¨ †m Ab¨Î miv‡Z Pvb Ges wegv †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv‡bv GK m`m¨ Zv †`‡L †d‡j| cieZ©x‡Z wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wb‡lavÁv Agvb¨ K‡i GKwU †emiKvwi ’vcb K‡i Ges wKQzw`b ciB fqven AwMœKv‡Û Zvi Mv‡g©Èm I †eKvwi f¯§xf~Z nq Ges wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wegv `vwe Dc ’vcb Ki‡j Zvi `vwewU cÖZ¨vwLZ nq| (K) AwMœwegv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³? 1 (L) AwMœwegvq mwØk¦vm m¤úK© ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 (M) DÏxc‡Ki Kvi‡YB †h SzuwKwUi D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 (N) `vwe cÖZ¨vLv‡bi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Kv‡ì-2 jÂwU XvKv-ewikvj iæ‡U PjvPj K‡i| MZ eQi jÂwU ewikvj †_‡K XvKv wdiwQj| †divi c‡_ jÂwU cÖej N~wY©S‡o c‡o †gNbv b`x‡Z Wy‡e hvq| jÂwU‡Z cÖvq 200 Rb hvÎx wQj| Gi g‡a¨ 90 Rb hvÎx Wy‡e gviv




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hvq Ges 70 Rb AvnZ nq| j‡Âi gvwjK iwe hvÎx‡ì R‡b¨ wegv K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| d‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZMÖ Í e¨w³‡ì‡K ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡i| (K) c~Y© wegv Kx? 1 (L) km¨ wegv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb KZ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb Ki‡e Zv wbY©q K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki wegvcÎwUi ¸iæZ¡ g~j¨vqb K‡iv|

8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Avn‡g‡ì Rvgvjcy‡i GKwU Mv‡g©›Um Av‡Q| Mv‡g©›Um Gi g~jëvb hš¿cvwZ Ges gvjvgvj AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZMÖ Í n‡j AdzišÍ ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wZwb GKwU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ G g‡g© Pzw³e× n‡q‡Qb †h, 50,000 UvKv wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Kiv n‡j 30 jvL UvKv ch©šÍ ÿwZc~iY Kiv n‡e| AwMœKv‡Û Mv‡g©›Um-Gi 25 jvL UvKvi hš¿cvwZ I gvjvgvj cy‡o hvq| (K) †evbvm Kx? 1 (L) AwMœRwbZ AcPq Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) eëmv‡qi SzuwK Kgv‡Z wg. Avn‡g` †Kvb c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? eY©bv Ki| 3 (N) AwMœKv‡Ûi d‡j wg. Avn‡g` wegv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ UvKv ÿwZc~iY †c‡Z cv‡ib? e³‡eï

†hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4

9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve Rwgi GKwU Mv‡g©›Um-Gi gvwjK| AwMœKvÛ msNwUZ n‡j g~jëvb hš¿cvwZ Ges AvmevecÎ aŸsm Íy‡c cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Giƒc SzuwK Kgv‡Z wZwb GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³e× n‡q‡Qb| AwMœKv‡Û wg. Rwg‡ii mgMÖ Drcvw`Z cY¨ I hš¿cvwZ ÿwZMÖ Í nq Ges wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU `vwe †ck K‡ib| (K) g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ Kx? 1 (L) AwMœRwbZ AcPq Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) Rbve Rwgi ÿwZ-n«v‡m wKiƒc wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K wg. Rwgi M„nxZ wegvcÎ Øviv KZUzKz wegv`vex ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e †c‡Z cv‡ib? hyw³ `vI|4

10| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. gÛj 1000 gY cvU 10 jÿ UvKvq µq K‡i D³ g~‡j¨ wegv K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z hvi evRvig~j¨ wQj 12 jÿ UvKv| Av¸‡b wKQz cvU cy‡o webó nq| ÿwZi cwigvY evRvi g~‡j¨ 6 jÿ UvKv wba©vwiZ nq| K. AvaywbK AwMœwegvi RbK †K? 1 L. AwMœwegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. wg. gÛj KZ UvKvi ÿwZc~iY cv‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 N. wg. gÛ‡ji AwMœwegv Kivi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4



1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Kwig RyU wg‡j PvKwi K‡i myiæR wgqv| cv‡Ui Avuk wb:k¦v‡mi mv‡_ kix‡i cÖ‡ek Kivq GK ai‡bi †ivM nq| GRb¨ Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ kÖwgK‡ì Rb¨ G ai‡bi †iv‡M AÿgZv m„wó ev wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Q| kÖwgKivI gvwjK c‡ÿi G Kv‡R Lykx| GUv †`‡L eo IqvK©k‡ci gvwjK wg: †mvenvb Zvi kÖwgK‡ì `yN©©UbvRwbZ g„Zy , c½yZ¡, RLg BZ¨vwì Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwbI AvB‡b gvwj‡Ki †h `vq ejv n‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb|

K. km¨ wegv Kx? 1 L. Mevw` cï wegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ myiæR wgqvi gZ kÖwgK‡ì Rb¨ †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki 3 N. wg: †mvenvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zvi bvg Kx? Gai‡bi wegv Zv‡K wbwðšÍ Kivi KviY g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

DËi: K. cÖvK…wZK I AcÖvK…wZK bvbvb wec‡` km¨nvwb n‡j Zvi ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K K…lK‡ì‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e myiÿvi Rb¨ †h wegvi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Zv‡K km¨ wegv e‡j|

L. Mevw`cïi g„Zy RwbZ ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K wegv MÖnxZv‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿvi Rb¨ †h wegv eë ’vi D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zv‡K Mevw`cï wegv e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î ˆbwZK SuzwKi gvÎv A‡bK †ekx _v‡K| d‡j wegv Kivi †ÿ‡Î wegv †Kv¤úvwb wegv MÖnxZvi mZZv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi †Póv K‡i|

M. Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ myiæR wgqvi gZ kÖwgK‡ì Rb¨ †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv nj †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegv| wkí KviLvbvq KvR Kivi mgq cÖwµqvMZ Kvi‡YB †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Kg©x‡ì †ckvRwbZ †iv‡Mi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| AvB‡b Giƒc †ckvRwbZ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Kg©x Aÿg n‡j Zvi `vq wb‡qvM KZ©vi Ici e‡Z©| GRb¨ wb‡qvMKZ©v †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegv MÖnY K‡i Giƒc `vq wegvKvixi Ici Ac©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i|

DwÏc‡Ki w`‡K „wó w`‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h cv‡Ui Avuk wb:k¦v‡mi mv‡_ kix‡i c&ª‡ek Kivq GK ai‡bi †ivM nq| GRb¨ Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ kÖwgK‡ì Rb¨ G ai‡bi †iv‡M AÿgZv m„wó ev wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Q| welqwU †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegvi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| AZGe Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv nj †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegv|

N. wg: †mvenvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv nj wb‡qvMKvixi `vq wegv| wkí KviLvbvq Kg©iZ Ae ’vq †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubv ev wkímsµvšÍ †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Yi Øviv †Kv‡bv kÖwg‡Ki g„Z y n‡j ev RLgcÖvß n‡j Zvi ÿwZc~i‡Yi `vq AvBb Abyhvqx gvwj‡Ki Ici e‡Z©| gvwjK Giƒc ÿwZc~i‡Yi `vq †h wegvi gva¨‡g wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨ Í K‡i Zv‡K wb‡qvMKvixi `vq wegv e‡j|

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DwÏc‡Ki wg: †mvenvb Zvi kÖwgK‡ì yN©©UbvRwbZ g„Z y, c½yZ¡, RLg BZ¨vwì Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwbI AvB‡b gvwj‡Ki †h `vq ejv n‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb| G cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h GwU nj wb‡qvMKvixi `vq wegv|

2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg: gwjøK I wg: MIni `yÕRbB RvnvR eëmvqx| wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR GKvwaK wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wegv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K wg: MIni Zvi RvnvR cwiwPZ wegv cÖwZôv‡b wegv K‡ib| hv H wegv †Kv¤úvwb Avevi mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b wegv K‡i _v‡K| ÿwZc~iY cvIqvi wel‡q yR‡bB A‡bKUv wbwðZ _v‡Kb| K. ¯v ’ wegv Kx? 1 L. km¨wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ? 2 M. wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR †hfv‡e wegv K‡ib Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegv e‡j e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegv e‡j? Giƒc wegv Kivi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Amy ’ZvRwbZ Kvi‡Y wPwKrmv e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K ¯v ’ wegv e‡j|

L. cÖvK…wZK I AcÖvK…wZK bvbvb wec‡` km¨nvwb n‡j Zvi ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K K…lK‡ì‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e myiÿvi Rb¨ †h wegvi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Zv‡K km¨ wegv e‡j| cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxjZv Avengvb Kvj †_‡K Pvlvev‡ì cÖavb êwkó¨| wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM; †hgb Lvivc AvenvIqv, eb¨v, Liv, wkjve„wó, wewfbœ †ivM I †cvKvgvK‡oi Dc`ªe Ges †mB mv‡_ gbyl¨ m„ó wec` ev AwbðqZvB n‡jv km¨ wegvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq|

M. wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR †hfv‡e wegv K‡ib Zv‡K ˆØZ wegv e‡j|

†Kv‡bv GKRb wegvMÖnxZv Zvi m¤úwËi SzuwK GKB mv‡_ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU wegv Ki‡j Zv‡K ˆØZ wegv e‡j| e„n`vqZb wk‡íi hš¿cvwZi wegv, wegvb wegv, RvnvR wegv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ ˆØZ wegvi AvkÖq †bqv n‡q _v‡K|

DÏxc‡Ki wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR GKvwaK wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wegv K‡ib| D³ Z_¨wU ˆØZ wegvi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq|

N. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K cybwe©gv e‡j|

†Kv‡bv wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi M„nxZ SuywKi m¤ú~Y© ev Askwe‡kl Avevi bZzb †Kvb wegv Pzw³i gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n ÍvšÍi Ki‡j Zv‡K c~Ywe©gv e‡j| Giƒc †ÿ‡Î wegvKvix I wegvMÖnxZv DfqB _v‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb| DwÏc‡Ki wg: MIni Zvi RvnvR cwiwPZ wegv cÖwZôv‡b wegv K‡ib| hv H wegv †Kv¤úvwb Avevi mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b wegv K‡i _v‡K|

G †_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q †h GwU GKwU cybwe©gv|

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki ci †`‡ki Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Mevw` cïi Dbœq‡b miKvi we‡kl cwiKíbv †bq| we‡`k †_‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx Avg`vwb Kiv nq| †`wk Mvfx †hLv‡b 2 †_‡K 3 wjUvi ya †`q †mLv‡b DbœZ Rv‡Zi GKUv Mvfx 15 †_‡K 25 wjUvi `ya †`qvq Zv gvbyl‡K `viæbfv‡e DØy× K‡i| mgxi wgqv GKRb Lvgvix| †mI




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Drmvnf‡i K‡qKUv Mvfx cvjb K‡i fv‡jvB DbœwZ K‡iwQj| Z‡e ARvbv GK †iv‡M K‡qKUv Mvfx gviv hvIqvq †m Drmvn nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q| Lvgvixiv Drmvnf‡i cïcvjb K‡i Pj‡jI GLbI GUv e¨vcK evwYwR¨K iƒc jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb wegv me‡P‡q cyi‡bv? 1 L. ˆØZ wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki K…lKiv †Kvb ai‡bi wegv Ki‡j DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mgxi wgqvi Mvfx gviv hvIqv wegvi `„wó‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi SzuwK? wegv K‡i mgxi wgqvi gZ Lvgvixiv Kx DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. evsjv‡`‡k WvK Rxeb wegv me‡P‡q cyi‡bv|

L. †Kvb GKRb wegvMÖnxZv Zvi m¤úwËi SzuwK GKB mv‡_ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK wegv †Kv¤úwbi wbKU wegv Ki‡j Zv‡K ˆØZ wegv e‡j| e„n`vqZb wk‡íi hš¿cvwZ wegv, wegvb wegv, RvnvR wegv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ ˆØZ wegvi Avkªq †bqv n‡q _v‡K|

M. DÏxc‡Ki K…lKiv Mevw` cï wegv Ki‡j DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e|

Mevw`cïi g„Zz RwbZ ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K wegv MÖnxZv‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿvi Rb¨ †h wegv eë ’vi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Zv‡K Mevw`cï wegv e‡j| `y» wkí, gvsm Ges Pvgov wkí Mevw` cïi Dci wbf©ikxj| †m Kvi‡YB Gi g„Zz ‡Z cvjbKvixi Avw_©K ÿwZc~i‡Yi Rb¨B Mevw` cï wegvi cÖPjb N‡U‡Q|

DÏxc‡Ki mgxi wgqv GKRb Lvgvix| †m Drmvnf‡i K‡qKUv Mvfx cvjb KiwQj| wKš‘ ARvbv GK †iv‡M K‡qKUv Mvfx gviv hvIqvq †m Drmvn nvwi‡q †d‡j| GgZve ’vq Lvgvi wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ Mevw` cï wegv Ki‡j †m DcK…Z n‡e|

N. mgxi wgqvi Mvfx gviv hvIqv wegvi `„wó‡Z SzuwK| Mevw` cïi †ivMvµvšÍ nevi Ges gviv hvIqvi mnRvZ SzyuwKi bvg cÖvK…wZK SzuwK| G‡ÿ‡Î gvby‡li †Kvb nvZ †bB| DÏxc‡Ki mgxi wgqvi K‡qKUv Miæ ARvbv GK †iv‡M gviv hvq- hv cÖvK…wZK SzuwKi g‡a¨ c‡o|

wegv K‡i mgxi wgqvi gZ Lvgvixiv A‡bK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡Z cv‡i| †hgb Mevw` cï wegvi d‡j cïi g„Zz n‡j ÿwZc~iY cv‡e| Mevw` cï Amy ’ n‡q co‡j Zvi wPwKrmvi RbÏ wPwKrmv LiP wegvi AvIZvfy³ n‡Z cv‡i| wegv cÖvK…wZK I AcÖvK…wZK `yN©Ubvq Mevw` cïi A½nvwb NU‡Z cv‡i| GB SzuwKI wegvi AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wegvcÎ †`wL‡q mgxi wgqvi gZ Lvgvixiv cÖ‡qvRbxq FY myweavI †c‡Z cv‡i|

4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbylB moK c‡_ P‡j| G moK c‡_ cÖwZw`b †h yN©Ubv N‡U Zv‡Z cÖvY nvivq M‡o Kgc‡ÿ 10 Rb gvbyl| KZRb c½y nq, wPwKrmv wb‡Z †h‡q wbt¯ nq Zv fve‡Z AevK jv‡M| KZ Mvwo webó nq, m¤ú` bó nq Zv AeY©bxq| wKš‘ G wb‡q †hb Kv‡ivB gv_ve¨v_v †bB| †gvUvi Mvwoi gvwjK wegv c‡i ÿwZc~iY cvq| wKšÍy †h hvÎx gviv hvq Zvi eë ’v Kx? A_P †gvUi Mvwo wegvi AvIZvq G ai‡bi wegv Kiv m¤¢e wQj| K. cybwe©gv Kx? 1 L. WvK Rxeb wegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2




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M. moK c‡_ yN©Ubvi SzuwK Gov‡Z DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegvi cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx hvÎx‡ì Rb¨ †gvUi Mvwoi gvwjK †h wegv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi bvg Kx? G‡`‡k Gi Avek¨KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. wegvKvix ev wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi M„nxZ SzuwKi Askwe‡kl cyb:Pzw³i gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kvb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨ Í Ki‡j Zv‡K cybe©xgv e‡j|

L. †h Rxeb wegv Pzw³ WvKN‡ii gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq Ges hv‡Z wegvKvix wbw ©ó wcÖwgqv‡gi cÖwZ`v‡b wegv MÖnxZvi g„Zz ‡Z Zvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡K A_ev †gqv` †k‡l Zv‡K Avw_©K myweav cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K WvK Rxeb wegv e‡j|

¯í Av‡qi gvby‡li mÂq wbwðZKiY I Avq e„w× Z_v RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨B g~jZ WvK Rxeb wegvi cÖPjb nq| WvK eë ’vi Aax‡b gvby‡li Rxeb‡K wegv Kivi †m eë ’v Dcgnv‡`‡k `xN©Kvj Pvjy i‡q‡Q|

M. moK c‡_ yN©Ubvi SzuwK Gov‡Z DÏxc‡K †gvUiMvwo wegvi cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h wegv Pzw³ Øviv †gvUihv‡bi msNwUZ ÿwZ ev AcPq Ges AvBbMZfv‡e Ab¨ †jv‡Ki m¤ú‡ì ÿwZRwbZ `vq †gvKvwejv Kiv nq Zv‡K †gvUihvb wegv e‡j|

evsjv‡`‡k AwaKvsk gvbyl moKc‡_ PjvPj K‡i e‡j Pvj‡Ki AmveavbZv, hvwš¿K ÎæwU msNl© ev `yN©Ubv RwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖwZwbqZ cÖPzi †gvUi Mvwo aŸsm, hvÎxi g„Zz ev kvwiixK AÿgZv, m¤ú` I m¤úwËi e¨vcK ÿwZ nq| Gme ÿwZi Avw_©K mnvqZv cvevi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡jv †gvUihvb wegv| G cÖKvi wegvi gva¨‡g †gvUihv‡bi gva¨‡g m„ó †h †Kvb ÿwZi `vq wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici Ac©Y Kiv hvq|

myZivs ejv hvq, moKc‡_i mvwe©K SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvi Ab¨Zg nvwZqvi †gvUihvb wegv|

N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx hvÎx‡ì Rb¨ †gvUi Mvwoi gvwjK †h wegv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv n‡jv MY`vq wegv| †gvUihvb, †ijMvwo‡Z ev wegv‡b PjvP‡ji mgq Gi hvÎx‡ì †Kvbiƒc `yN©Ubvq ÿwZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ cwienY cÖwZôvb †h ai‡bi wegv eë ’vi mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K MY`vq wegv e‡j|

Avgv‡ì †`‡k MY`vq wegvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| KviY eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì †`‡k moK c‡_i Ae ’v LyeB Lvivc| ch©vß cÖk Í moK G‡`‡k †bB| ZvQvov PvjKI A‡bK †ÿ‡Î †ec‡ivqvfv‡e Mvwo Pvjvq Avi G‡Z `yN©Ubv cÖwZwbqZB NU‡Q| †ijc‡_i Ae ’vI AbybœZ| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq wmMb¨vj bv _vKvq `yN©Ubv NU‡Z †`Lv hvq| Gme `yN©Ubvq hvÎx‡ì ÿwZ ev g„Zz i nvZ n‡Z iÿvg~jK wn‡m‡e Avw_©K wbðqZv †èvi Rb¨ MY`vq wegv gyL¨ f~wgKv ivL‡Z mÿg|

myZivs Avgv‡ì †`‡ki hvÎx‡ì †h †Kvb ai‡bi ÿwZ n‡Z Avw_©K cÖwZiÿvg~jK eë ’v wn‡m‡e MY`vq wegvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg|

5| wg. AwbK cvj GKRb Lvgvix| Zvi Lvgv‡i 20wU Mevw`cï Av‡Q| AwbK cvj H Mevw` cï¸‡jvi Rb¨ GKwU wegv K‡ib| MZeQi †Mv-go‡Ki Kvi‡Y Zvi Lvgv‡ii Mevw` cï¸‡jv gviv hvq| wg. AwbK cvj wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q ÿwZc~iY PvB‡j, wegv †Kv¤úvwb welqe ‘i wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_©, PzovšÍ mwØk¦vm Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ ÿwZ n‡q‡Q weavq wegv `vwe cwi‡kva K‡i †`q| Z‡e g„Z cïi gvwjKvbv wb‡q wegvKvix I wegvMÖnxZvi g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q|




319

(K) cybt wegv Kx? 1 (L) ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 2 (M) Mevw`cïi wegv `vwe cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î wegv †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi wegvi wbqg Abymib K‡i‡Q - Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) g„Z Mevw`cïi gvwjKvbv †K cv‡e ? Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. cybt wegv: wegvKvix ev wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi M„nxZ SzuwKi Ask we‡kl cybt Pzw³i gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kvb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨ Í Ki‡j Zv‡K cybe©xgv e‡j|

L. av‡i cY¨ ißvwb †ÿ‡Î †h me evwYwR¨K ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK SzuwK nq, †h wegv eë ’vi Zv †gvKvwejvi `vwqZ¡ M„nxZ nq, Zv‡K ißvwb avi M¨vivw›U e‡j|

g~j cwi‡kv‡a wej¤, Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki †`DwjqvZ¡, †`wi‡Z cY¨ †cŠuQv, Pvwn`v I wewbgq nv‡i cwieZ©b, ivR‰bwZK Aw ’iZv, cÖf…wZ evwYwR¨K I ivR‰bwZK wec` ißvwbKvi‡Ki g~j¨ cÖvwß wej¤ ev AwbðqZv m„wó K‡i| ißvwbKvi‡Ki cY¨g~j¨ cÖvwß wej¤ ev AwbðqZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ G ai‡bi wegv Ki‡Z nq| ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U wegv cÖavbZ `yÕcÖKvi| h_v- (1) RvnvwRKiY c~e©eZ©x SzuwK wegv Ges (2) RvnvRxKiY cieZ©x SzuwK wegv cÎ|

M. Mevw`cïi wegv `vwe cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î wegv †Kv¤úvwb m¤úwË wegvi wbqg AbymiY K‡i‡Q| †h wegvi welqe ‘ ’vei I A ’vei m¤úwË Zv‡K m¤úwË wegv e‡j|

DÏxc‡K wg. AwbK cvj Zvi Mevw` cïi †h wegv K‡ib Zv g~jZ m¤úwË wegvi AvIZvfz³| KviY Mevw`cï g~jëvb m¤ú` weavq GwU m¤úwË wegvi wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| ZvB wegv †Kv¤úvwb welqe¯‘i wegv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© I P~ovšÍ mwØk¦vm Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ ÿwZ n‡q‡Q weavq wegv `vwe cwi‡kva K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|

N. g„Z Mevw`cïi gvwjKvbv wegv †Kv¤úvwb cv‡e| Mevw` cïi †ÿ‡Î ’jvwfwl³Zvi bxwZ cÖ‡qvR¨|

m¤úwË wegvi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y© ÿwZc~i‡Yi cieZ©xK…Z m¤úwË hw` wKQz Aewkó _v‡K ev G msµvšÍ †Kvb AwaKvi †_‡K _v‡K Zvi gvwjK nq wegv †Kv¤úvwb| GB bxwZ‡KB ’jvwfwl³Zvi bxwZ e‡j|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, AwbK cvj 20wU Mevw` cïi wegv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi Mevw` cï¸‡jv †Mv-‡gvo‡K gviv hvq Ges m¤úwË wegvi AvIZv Zvi `vwe cÖ vb K‡i| Acic‡ÿ wegvK…Z cïi AwaKvi wegv †Kv¤úvwb cv‡e| KviY Mevw` cï m¤ú~Y© ÿwZMÖ ’ n‡q‡Q Ges wegv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe cwi‡kva K‡i‡Q| G gyn~‡Z© Aewkó welqe ‘i gvwjKvbv cv‡e wegv †Kv¤úvwb|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq Mevw` cï †h‡nZz g~jëvb m¤ú` ZvB Gi †ÿ‡Î wegvi ’jvwfwl³Zvi bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| KviY g„Z Mevw` cïi Pvgov †_‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb jvfevb n‡e|




320

Øv`k Aa¨vq: wewea wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| †gvUi mvB‡Kj Pvjvb wg. †fŠwgK| iv Ív-Nv‡U mvivÿY `yN©Ubv NU‡Q-GUv gv‡Sg‡a¨ wg. †fŠwgK‡K fvweZ K‡i| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©KZ©v Zvi GK eÜz ej‡jb, wec`‡Zv Avi e‡j K‡q Av‡m bv| Zzwg Ggb wegvcÎ †Lv‡jv hv‡Z Kg wcÖwgqv‡g g„Zz SzuwK ïay bq Gi mv‡_ †ek wKQz SzuwK wegv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wg. †fŠwgK ej‡jb, GUv KZ eQ‡ii Rb¨? mÂq I wewb‡qvM myweav G‡ÿ‡Î cvIqv hv‡e Kx bv? eÜz ej‡jv, Zzwg hv ej‡Qv Zv‡Ì‡K G wegv wfbœ| K. `vq wegv Kx? 1 L. †gvUi Mvox wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI? 2 M. eÜz †Kvb ai‡bi wegv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. †fŠwgK †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegvcÎ m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb? Zvi cÖ‡kœi KviY g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbylB moK c‡_ P‡j| GB moK c‡_ cÖwZw`b †h yN©Ubv N‡U Zv‡Z cÖvY nvivq M‡o Kgc‡ÿ 10 Rb gvbyl| KZRb c½y nq, wPwKrmv wb‡Z †h‡q wbt¯ nq Zv fve‡Z AevK jv‡M| KZ Mvwo webó nq, m¤ú` bó nq Zv AeY©bxq| wKš‘ G wb‡q †h‡bv Kv‡ivB gv_ve¨_v †bB| †gvUi Mvwoi gvwjK wegv K‡i ÿwZc~iY cvq| wKš‘ hvÎx gviv hvq Zvi e¨e ’v Kx? A_P gUi Mvwo wegvi AvIZvq GB ai‡bi wegv Kiv m¤¢e wQj| K. c~be©xgv Kx? 1 L. WvK Rxeb wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. moK c‡_ yN©Ubvi SzuwK Gov‡Z DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegvi cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx hvÎx‡`i Rb¨ †gvUiMvwoi gvwjK †h wegv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi bvg Kx? G‡`‡k Gi Avek¨KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve Avj‡gi GK eÜz Av‡gwiKvq _v‡Kb| †m ej‡jv, †mLv‡b km¨ wegvi cÖPjb e¨vcK| Rbve Avj‡gi cÖkœ- KZUzKy dmj n‡Zv Avi wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y KZUv Kg n‡jv- GUv cwigvc Kiv Kx m¤¢e? K…lK hw` mvi bv `q, Jlya bv wQUvq Avi ÿwZc~iY `vwe K‡i Zv n‡j Kx n‡e? eÜzi e³e¨ †hLv‡b Pvlvev` nq evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z| Zzwg †h SzuwKi K_v ej‡Qv Zvi m¤¢vebv †mLv‡b Kg| me wgwj‡q Zviv SzuwK wnmve K‡i wegv Ki‡Q| Avi ÿwZ n‡j ÿwZc~iY Ki‡Q| K. ˆØZ wegv Kx? 1 L. e¨w³MZ AÿgZv wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. Av‡gwiKv‡Z kl¨ wegvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi SzuwK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evsjv‡`‡k G wegvi cÖPj‡b †Kvb ai‡bi SzuwK Rbve Avjg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b Ki‡Qb we‡kølY Ki| 4




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4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| `yN©Ubv KviI R‡b¨B Kvg¨ bq| Z_vwc yN©Ubv w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| ZvB AvBbRxex iweDj fwel¨‡Z `yN©Ubv KewjZ n‡j nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmvi e¨qfvi en‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n‡Z GKwU cwjwm MÖnY K‡i| (K) Mevw` cï wegv Kx? 1 (L) ÔRxeb wegv Avw_©K wbðqZv wegvÕ-Dw³wU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegvwU‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨w³MZ yN©Ubv wegv ejv hv‡e? 3 (N) AvBbRxex iweD‡ji wegv cwjwmi †ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqvi wKiƒc n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? 4 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ vb c~e©K †Ubkb wd« †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ 10,000 UvKvi 30 eQi †gvw` GKwU wegv cwjwm MÖnY K‡ib| †gqv` †k‡l Rbve cjvk RxweZ _v‡Kb Ges Pzw³ Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZ eQi Zv‡K 20,000 UvKv cÖ vb K‡i| (K) ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg Kx? 1 (L) ÔAwMœwegv ÿwZ c~i‡Yi Pzw³Õ-e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ vb K‡ib †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) †Kv¤úvwbi 20,000 UvKv cÖ vb Kx hyw³hy³? we‡kølY K‡iv| 4 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve RvwKi †nv‡mb b¨vkbvj d¨vbm& wj. U½x-Gi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi| `yB †Q‡j I ¿x wb‡q Zvi my‡Li msmvi| eo †Q‡j widvZ mßg I †QvU †Q‡j ivnvZ cÂg †kªwYi QvÎ| eQi `y‡qK c~‡e© wZwb ZvKvdzj Bmjvgx jvBd BbwmI‡iÝ †Kvs wj. †_‡K b¨vkbvj cwievi Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i c‡ÿ †Mvôx AÿgZv wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡ib| wZb gvm c~‡e© GK gg©vwšÍK moK `yN©Ubvq Zv‡K c½y nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡Z nq| MZ mßv‡n wZwb evmvq wd‡ib| (K) `yN©Ubv Kx? 1 (L) `yN©Ubv wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) RvwKi mv‡n‡ei cwiev‡ii ÿwZc~i‡Y ZvKvdz‡ji KiYxq e¨vL¨v K‡i| 3 (N) yN©Ubvq c½y n‡q RvwKi mv‡ne weQvbvq, ZvKvdz‡ji †Mvôx wegvq Zvi wKQzUv `vq Kgvq-we‡kølY Ki| 4

7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| `yN©Ubv KviI R‡b¨B Kvg¨ bq| Z_vwc yN©Ubv w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| ZvB AvBbRxex iweDj fwel¨‡Z `yN©Ubv KewjZ n‡j nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmvi e¨qfvi en‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n‡Z GKwU cwjwm MÖnY K‡i| (K) Mevw` cï wegv Kx? 1 (L) ÔRxeb wegv Avw_©K wbðqZv wegvÕ-Dw³wU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegvwU‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨w³MZ yN©Ubv wegv ejv hv‡e? 3 (N) AvBbRxex iweD‡ji wegv cwjwmi †ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqvi wKiƒc n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? 4




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8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. nvmvb RbZv e¨vs‡Ki Bmy K…Z GKwU †PK †mvbvjx e¨vsK, dvg©‡MU kvLvq Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv †`b| wZwb wg. nviæb‡K 2 jvL UvKvi GKwU †PK cÖ vb K‡ib| 1 jvL UvKvi †P‡Ki A_© wn‡m‡e Rgv n‡jB †Kej Zvi cÖ Ë †PKwU gh©v`v cv‡e| †P‡Ki A_© `ªæZ Rgv bv n‡j wg. nviæb UvKv cv‡eb bv| d‡j wg. nvmv‡bi eëmvwqK mybvg Aÿzbœ n‡Z cv‡i| (K) †h e¨vsK A_© I e¨vsK eë ’v wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 1 (L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl Avkªq ’j ejv nq †Kb? 2 (M) wg. nvmvb Kxfv‡e †P‡Ki †jb‡`b wb®úwË Ki‡Z cv‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) wg. nvmv‡bi †jb‡`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ e¨vsK¸‡jv Kxfv‡e †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI| beŸB‡qi `k‡K evsjv‡`k cÖPzi cwigvY u‡ov `ya we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Zv| AZtci Mevw` cï Dbœq‡b miKvi we‡kl cwiKíbv †bq| we‡`k †_‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx Avg`vwb Kiv nq| Lvgvixiv Drmvn mnKv‡i cï cvjb Ki‡jI wegvi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y G LvZ m¤cÖmviY I Dbœqb n‡”Q bv| K. km¨ wegv Kx? 1 L. WvK Rxeb wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. Mevw` cï cvjb gvbyl‡K e¨vcKfv‡e DØy× Kivi R‡b¨ KiYxq Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 N. Miæ Lvgvi eëmvq m¤cÖmviY I Dbœq‡b wegvi mxgve×Zv `~ixKi‡Y Zzwg Kx Kx eë ’vi mycvwik Ki‡e?

e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4



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eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb: 40 [we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|]

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e¨vsK †KvbwU? K. MÖæc L. wgkª M. †PBb N. GKK wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 4 − 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: Rbve iZœv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K GKwU wnmve

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4. Rbve iZœv †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Ly‡jwQj? K. PjwZ L. mÂqx M. we‡kl N. ’vqx 5. Kx eë ’v MÖnY Kiv n‡j Zvi wnmvewU Pvjy

_vK‡Zv? i. wnmve bevqb Ki‡j ii. wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY wb‡j iii. 60 nvRvi UvKv ivL‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR? K. FY wbqš¿Y L. AvgvbZ msMÖn M. wewb‡qvM N. wej evÆvKiY 7. evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n †Kvb bxwZ AbymiY K‡i

Zv‡ì wbKU bM` A_© Rgv iv‡L? K. mÂq msMÖn L. wbivcËv M. FY `vb N. Zvij¨

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

Rbve X a~gcvb Ki‡jI exgvc‡Î wZwb Zv †Mvcb K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb aygcvbRwbZ †iv‡M gviv hvb|

8. Rbve X exgvi †Kvb eZ¨q NUvq wegv `vwe cvIqv †_‡K ewÂZ nb?

K. cÖZ¨ÿKiY L. P~ovšÍ mwØk¦vm

M. ’jvwfwl³Zv N. wbw`©óZv

9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK `vM KvUv †P‡Ki bgybv?

K. L. M. N. 10. g„Zz nvi cwÄ‡Z m¤¢ve g„Z e w³i msL v wbY©q Kiv nq

cÖwZ K. kZ‡K L. nvRv‡i M. jv‡L N. †KvwU‡Z 11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgyw ªK ÿwZ? K. AvUK L. iY‡cvZ M. M”Pv N. we‡ùviY 12. AwMœ exgv I Rxeb exgv Df‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨- i. wnmve bevqb Ki‡j ii. wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY wb‡j iii. 60 nvRvi UvKv ivL‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 13. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Abycw ’wZ‡Z kveve Gi †`vKv‡bi

Ici bymivZ exgv Ki‡Z AcviM? K. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv L. êa D‡Ïk¨ M. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© N. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_©

†mvbvjx e¨vsK gwZwSj kvLv






eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

324

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 − 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

Rbve mygb B÷j¨vÛ I cÖMwZ BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU Zvi ¸`vg iwÿZ cv‡Ui R‡b¨ c„_K ywU exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡ib| cÖMwZ BÝy ‡iÝ Zvi M„nxZ exgvi welqe Íyi R‡b¨ wdwb· BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU exgv K‡i| ¸`v‡g Av¸b †j‡M 10 jÿ UvKvi ÿwZ nq|

14. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖMwZ BÝy ‡iÝ Gi exgvcÎwU †Kvb cÖK…wZi?

K. cybt L. †hŠ_ M. ˆØZ N. cY¨`vq 15. Rbve mygb B÷j¨vÛ BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K

KZ jÿ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cv‡eb? K. 5 L. 10 M. 25 N. 50 16. wewbgq nvi wba©vi‡bi µq ÿgZv mgZv Z‡Ë¡i

RbK †K? K. Aa¨vcK bvM©m L. G¨vWvg w¯§_ M. ¸÷vW© K¨v‡mj N. †KqvY©µm 17. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy K‡ib †K? K. Avg`vwbKviK L. ißvwbKviK M. ißvwbKvi‡Ki e¨vsK N. Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki e¨vsK

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. X Zvi Rvnv‡Ri exgv K‡ib| RvnvRwU wbw`©ó

c_ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ c‡_ Mgb Kivq MšÍe¨ ’‡j †cuŠQv‡Z wej¤ nq| G‡Z cwievwnZ gvjvgvj ÿwZMÖ Í nq| wKšÍy exgv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe c~i‡Y A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq|

18. wg. X †Kvb exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb? K. hvÎv L. g~j¨vwqZ M. fvmgvb N. Ae‡iva 19. eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ n ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBbwU KZ

mv‡ji? K. 1818 L. 1828 M. 1881 N. 1882

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iwdK mv‡ne Av‡gwiKv †_‡K wkí cY¨ Avg`vwb

Ki‡Z B”QzK| wKšÍy ißvwbKviK c‡Yï g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv †c‡Z Pvq|

20. ißvwbKviK wK‡mi gva¨‡g c‡Yï g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv †c‡Z cv‡ib?

K. ågYKvixi †PK L. åvg¨gvb †bvU M. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ N. cÖZ¨qcÎ 21. exgv Pzw³i AvBbMZ Dcv`vb †KvbwU? K. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© L. êa cÖwZ`vb M. cÖZ¨ÿ KviY N. ’jvwfwl³KiY 22. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi cÖZ¨ÿ KviY †KvbwU? K. ÎæwURwbZ wbg©vY KvVv‡gv L. `vn¨ c`v‡_©i Dcw ’wZ M. Ae‡njv I AeÁv N. wbgœgv‡bi DcKiY eënvi 23. Rbve mvBdzj exgv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ UvKv

ÿwZc~iY cv‡eb? K. 20 nvRvi L. 30 nvRvi M. 50 nvRvi N. 1 jÿ

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24−25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: RvwKi Zvi cvIbv`vi Kwe‡ii bv‡g 5 jÿ UvKvi

GKLvbv †PK cÖ vb K‡ib| êa †PK nIqv m‡Ë¡I e¨vsK bM‡` UvKv cwi‡kv‡a AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| Z‡e e¨vsK wbw`©ó wbqg AbymiY K‡i Kwei‡K A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi civgk© †`b|

24. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj? K. evnK L. ûKzg M. evwm N. `vMKvUv 25. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwUi A_© wg. Kwei Kxfv‡e msMÖn

Ki‡eb? i. A‡bï wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g ii. cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g iii. RvwK‡ii wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii.




325

26. wbKvk Ni cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K †Kvb e¨vsK? K. Bmjvgx e¨vsK L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK M. †mvbvjx e¨vsK N. wkí e¨vsK

27. Rxeb exgvi †ÿ‡Î †evbvm n‡jv i. exgvKvixi jv‡fi Ask ii. exgvMÖnxZv‡K cÖ‡`q jf¨vsk iii. Kg©Pvix‡ì‡K cÖ‡`q Drme fvZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: cÖwZwôZ eëmvqx Rbve AiæY-Gi wnmv‡e 13

jÿ UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| wZwb 15 jÿ UvKvi GKLvbv †PK e¨vs‡K cvVv‡j e¨vsK h_vixwZ cwi‡kva K‡i|

28. Rbve AiæY-Gi FYwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. avi L. RgvwZwi³ M. bM` N. `vjvwjK 29. evwYwR¨K e vsK wn‡m‡e †mvbvjx e vs‡Ki mvaviY

Kvh©vewj n‡”Q K. Ae‡jLb L. wbKvk Ni M. ê‡`wkK wewbgq N. A_© ’vbvšÍi 30. evwYwR¨K `wjj FY †KvbwU? K. †c-AW©vi L. åvg¨gvb †bvU M. ågYKvixi †PK N. ågYKvixi cÖZ¨q cÎ 31. †Kvb wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g mßvn hZevi B‡”Q UvKv

D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq? K. mÂqx L. PjwZ M. ’vqx N. we‡kl

32. KvMRx gy ªv eë ’vq wewbgq nvi wba©vwiZ nq i. ¯Y©gvb c×wZ‡Z ii. µq ÿgZvi mgZvi wfwË‡Z iii. Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii.

33. GKB welqe Íyi R‡b¨ GKvwaK exgvcÎ MÖnY Kiv †Kvb ai‡bi exgv?

K. †hŠ_ L. ˆØZ M. †Mvôx N. cybt

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 34−35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

iƒcvjx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i| D³ e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e Kzwgjøv AÂ‡ji e¨vsK¸‡jvi AvšÍte¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË K‡i _v‡K|

34. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. ZvwjKvfyw³KiY L. †emiKvwi M. we‡klvwqZ N. A-ZvwjKvfy³ 35. iƒcvjx e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡

wb‡Pi †Kvb KvRwU m¤úv`b Ki‡Q? K. ZvwjKvfy³ L. gy ªvgvb msiÿY M. FY wbqš¿Y N. wbKvk Ni cwiPvjbv 36. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi cÖvPxbZg c×wZ †KvbwU? K. ¯Y© †cÖiY L. wewbgq wej M. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ N. WvK‡hv‡M 37. †Kvb exgvi mv‡_ PvU©vi cvwU© m¤úwK©Z? K. `yN©Ubv L. Rxeb M. †bŠ N. AwMœ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 38bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve w`cy evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K Ggb GKwU wnmve

Ly‡jb †hLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ wnmv‡ei Zzjbvq †ewk my cvIqv hvq|

38. Rbve w`cy †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Ly‡jwQ‡jb? K. PjwZ L. ’vqx M. we‡kl N. mÂqx 39. e¨vsK AvgvbZKvix‡K Zvi †jb‡`b wjwce×

Kivi R‡b¨ Kx mieivn K‡i? K. †PK eB L. Rgv iwk` M. D‡Ëvjb wPUv N. cvm eB 40. †Kvb e¨vsK FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i? K. MÖvgxY L. evwYwR¨K M. mgevq N. †K›`ªxq




326

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb †KvbwU?

K. FY`vb Kiv L. FY wbqš¿Y

M. AvgvbZ MÖnY N. gybvdv AR©b

2. Ôe¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviKÕ−G Dw³wU Kvi?

K. GWvg w¯§_ L. †Kqvb©µg

M. Avi.Gg. †mqvm© N. Aa¨vcK µvD_vi

3. †P‡Ki e ÍyMZ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i

K. Av‡`óv L. Avw`ó

M. e¨vsK N. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK

4. exgv Pzw³i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© êwkó¨

i. ÿwZc~iY

ii. ’jvwfwl³ KiY

iii. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_©

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. iii N. i, ii I iii

5. `yRb exgvKvixi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z nq †h exgv

K. †Mvôx exgv L. ˆØZ exgv

M. †hŠ_ exgv N. cybt exgv

6. FY wbqš¿‡Y me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki †KŠkj n‡jv

K. e¨vs‡Ki nvi cwieZ©b L. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b

M. F‡Yi eivÏKiY N. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ

7. wewae× Zvij¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

K. e¨vsK KZ©„K †h cwigvY AvgvbZ Zij m¤ú` AvKv‡i ivL‡Z nq

L. Avgvb‡Zi †h nvi †K› ªxq e vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z nq

M. e vsK m‡e©v”P †h cwigvY A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i

N. †h my‡` †K› ªxq e vsK evwYwR¨K e vsK‡K FY †`q

8. cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ eva¨Zvg~jK bq-wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î

K. mÂqx wnmve L. PjwZ wnmve M. ê‡`wkK gy ªv wnmve N. wW‡cvwRU †cbkb

w¯‹g 9. gy ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv hv‡e †hfv‡e i. e¨vs‡Ki kvLv evwo‡q ii. Rgvi nvi evwo‡q iii. gy ªv mieivn evwo‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii. 10. †KvbwU `vq exgv?

K. km¨ exgv L. yN©Ubv exgv

M. Kg©Pvix exgv N. Mevw`cï exgv

11. exgv MÖnxZv KZ©„K cwi‡kvwaZ wcÖwgqv‡gi †h Ask exgvcÎ †diZ`v‡bi mgq exgv MÖnxZv‡K cwi‡kva Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq|

K. †evbvm L. m¤ú~Y© g~j¨

M. ZvrÿwYK e„wË N. e„wË

12. mvaviY exgvi g~j welq n‡jv

K. m¤úwË L. Rxeb I m¤úwË

M. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© N. gvby‡li Rxeb

13. cÖZ¨qcÎ Kvi R‡b¨ RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?

K. e¨vs‡Ki L. Avgv`vbKvixi

M. AvgvbZKvixi N. ißvwbKvixi




327

14. GKwU m¤úwËi g~j¨ 10,00000 UvKv exgv cwjwm‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡jv 6,00,000 UvKv, ÿwZ n‡jv 4,00,000 UvKv| ÿwZc~iY KZ UvKv n‡e?

K. 2,00,000 UvKv L. 2,60,000 UvKv M. 4,00,000 UvKv N. 6,00,000 UvKv 15. †KvbwU exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i g~j Dcv`vb? K. exgv MÖnxZvi ¯v_© L. Avw_©K ¯v_© M. welqe Íy ¯v_© N. cvewjK ¯v_© 16. e¨vsK Znwej Gi cÖv_wgK eënvi n‡”Q K. jf¨vsk cÖ vb L. wej evÆvKiY M. ’vqx m¤úwË µq N. FY `vb 17. GKwU êa †P‡Ki †gqv` K. 1 eQi L. 6 gvm M. 3 gvm N. 2 gvm wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18−19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

`vI: Rbve †mv‡nj Avn‡g` 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ 2 jÿ

UvKvi GKwU exgvPzw³ K‡i| wZwb wKw Í wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kv‡ai ci wZwb nVvr evm `~N©Ubvq gviv hvb| cieZ©x‡Z Zuvi ¿x exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU exgv`vwe Dc ’vcb K‡ib|

18. Rbve †mv‡nj Avn‡g‡ì exgv cÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. †hŠ_ exgv L. AvRxeb exgv

M. †gqv`x exgv N. weï× †gqvw` exgv

19. †mv‡nj Avn‡g‡ì ¿xi `vwei †cÖwÿ‡Z exgv †Kv¤úvwbi KiYxq Kx?

K. jvfmn exgvK…Z A_© cwi‡kva L. exgv `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vbKiY M. cÖ Ë wcÖwgqv‡gi AvbycvwZK nvi cwi‡kva N. exgvK…Z A_© cwi‡kva 20. MÖæc e¨vswKs eë ’vq e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡

Kvi wbKU b¨ Í _v‡K?

K. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki L. †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwbi

M. miKv‡ii N. mvewmwWqvix e¨vs‡Ki

21. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¯í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx ejv nq Gi KviY n‡jv

i. c‡ii A‡_© eëmvq K‡i

ii. Avgvb‡Zi †ewki fvMB PvwnevgvÎ cwi‡kva¨

iii. Avw_©K mvg_© mxwgZ


K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 22. ê‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿‡Yi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨

†KvbwU?

K. †jb‡`‡bi fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv

L. wewbgq nvi w ’wZkxj ivLv

M. ê‡`wkK gy ªvi AcPq †iva

N. Avg`vwb n«vm I ißvwb e„w×

23. cÖZ¨qcÎ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Gi KviY n‡jv

i. cY¨ Avg`vwbi my‡hvM

ii. g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv

iii. AwMÖg A_© cÖvwß my‡hvM


K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 24. †Kv‡bv †`k †_‡K †`kxq gy ªv hw` A‰eafv‡e

we‡`‡k cvPvi Kiv nq Zvn‡j wewbgq nv‡ii Ici Kx ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o?

i. AbyK~j nq ii. cÖwZK~j nq iii. w ’i _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 25. †h RvgvbZ mnR weµq‡hvM¨ Zv n‡jv i. †kqvi mvwU©wd‡KU ii. e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ mb` iii. FYcÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii.




328

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 26 −27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

w`bvRcy‡ii Rbve BKevj Avn‡g` Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci 15 jÿ UvKv †c‡q e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| †Q‡ji XvKvi GKwU ¯bvgab¨ †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© eve` 30 nvRvi UvKv `ªæZ I wbivc‡` cvVv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

26. Rbve BKevj Avn‡g` e¨vs‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡ib?

K. mÂqx L. ’vqx M. PjwZ N. †cŠbtcywbK 27. †Q‡j‡K UvKv cvVv‡bvi R‡b¨ Rbve BKevj

Avn‡g` †Kvb gva¨gwU hyw³hy³ g‡b K‡ib? K. evnK †PK L. `vMKvUv †PK M. wWgvÛ WªvdU N. gvwb AW©vi 28. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K Kx ejv hvq? K. gy ªv wbqš¿K I AvgvbZKvix L. gy ªv cÖeZ©K I AvgvbZKvix M. gy ªv wbqš¿K I FY wbqš¿YKvix N. A‡_©i aviK I F‡Yi eëmvqx

29. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †bŠ exgvi `yN©Ubv I ÿwZi c~Y© weeiY †`qv n‡q _v‡K?

K. cÖwZev` cÎ L. Pvjvb

M. enb cÎ N. ’jvwfwl³ cÎ

30. eR©b †bvwUk wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡q _v‡K?

K. AvswkK ÿwZ

L. cÖK…Z mvgwMÖK ÿwZ

M. m¨vj‡fR Pv‡R©R

N. D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ

31. †hme eëmvqxi gRy c‡Yï cwigvY mywbw`©ó Zv‡K bv cÖvqB n«vm e„w× N‡U Zv‡ì R‡b¨

Dc‡hvMx n‡jv

K. †NvlYvhy³ exgvcÎ L. DØ„Ë exgv cÎ

M. fvmgvb exgv cÎ N. MocoZv bxwZ

32. wb‡gœv³ †Kvb exgvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î exgvMÖnxZv wb‡R exgv `vwe †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv?

i. mvgwqK ii. AvRxeb iii. †gqvw`


K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 33. e¨vsK †bvU cÖPjb K‡i †K?

K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK

M. miKvi N. A_© gš¿Yvjq

34. wbKvk N‡ii cÖavb KvR n‡jv

K. FY wbqš¿Y L. e¨vs‡Ki weev` wb®úwË

M. †bvU Bmy N. AvšÍte¨vsK †jb‡`b wb®úwË

35. †Kvb RvZxq †evbvm †Kv¤úvwbi jvf-ÿwZi Ici †gv‡UB wbf©ikxj bq?

K. bM` †evbvm L. wejw¤Z †evbvm

M. cÖwZkÖæwZ †evbvm N. evÆvK…Z †evbvm

36. eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k bM` Rgvi nvi KZ?

K. 6% L. 6.5% M. 18.5% N. 19.5%

37. me‡P‡q cyivZb exgv n‡”Q

K. Rxeb exgv L. AwMœ exgv

M. kl¨ exgv N. †bŠ exgv

38. AvaywbK †bŠ exgvi RbK n‡”Q

K. wb‡Kvjvm avieb L. GWIqvW© j‡qW

M. Rb eø vK N. Gg.Gm. wgkª

39. wb‡gœi †Kvb Pzw³ exgv‡hvM ¯v_© _vKv Avek¨K bq?

K. `yN©Ubv exgv L. †bŠ exgv

M. evwR Pzw³ N. AwMœ exgv

40. AwMœ exgvi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZc~i‡Yi Ø›Ø Gov‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ Bmy Kiv nq?

K. mgšq‡hvM¨ exgvcÎ L. mvwe©K exgv cÎ




329

M. evowZ exgv cÎ N. cybt ’vcb exgvcÎ

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (bUi‡Wg K‡jR, XvKv) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. A_© evRv‡ii wkigwY ejv nq Kv‡K? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. †K› ªxq e¨vsK M. wkí e¨vsK N. †nvwìs e¨vsK 2. †h cÖZ¨qc‡Îi Aax‡b e¨vsK ißvwbKviK gvj

RvnvRxKi‡Yi LiP, exgv, ïé I enb LiP AwMÖg cÖ vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx ejv nq?

K. meyR `dv AwMÖg cÖZ¨q L. jvj `dv AwMÖg cÖZ¨qcÎ M. AwMÖg cÖZ¨qcÎ N. cÖv‡šÍ wjwLZ cÖZ¨qcÎ 3. †KvbwU cÖ_g mb`cÖvß miKvwi e¨vsK? K. e¨vsK Ae †R‡bvqv L. e¨vsK Ae Avg÷vW©vg M. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ N. wiKm& e¨vsK Ae

myB‡Wb 4. wewbgq nv‡ii †Kvb ZË¡wU My Ívf K¨v‡mj w`‡q‡Qb? K. µq ÿgZvi mgZv ZË¡ L. miKvix wewbgq nvi ZË¡ M. ¯Y©gvb c×wZi ZË¡ N. Pvwn`v †hvMvb mgZv ZË¡ 5. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb e¨vsK me©cÖ_g GwUGg KvW© Pvjy

K‡i? K. Av‡gwiKvb G·‡cÖm L. GBPGmwewm M. ÷¨vÛvW© PvUv©W© N. wmwU e¨vsK Gb.G 6. 10 UvKvi †bvU Bmy K‡i †K? K. ivóªcwZ L. cÖavbgš¿x M. MfY©i N. A_©mwPe 7. GKK e¨vs‡Ki cÖe³v †K? K. jÛb L. BZvwj M. hy³ivóª N. Rvg©vwb 8. e vsK WªvdU, †c-AW©vi, †PK, ågYKvixi †PK BZ vw

Bmy Ges Ab-jvBb e vswKs myweav Pvjy K‡i evwYwR¨K e vsK †Kvb& KvR m¤úv b K‡i?

K. A_© ’vbvšÍ‡ii KvR L. †mev mieivn KvR M. DbœZ cÖhyw³i KvR N. civg‡k©i KvR 9. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv wewfbœ cvewjK †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi

µq-weµq K‡i _v‡K| G KvR‡K Kx ejv nq? K. †Kbv-†ePv L. Ae‡jLb M. Ae‡jLK N. eû‡jLb 10. AevwYwR¨K `wjjx FY †KvbwU? K. cÖZ¨qcÎ L. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ M. †c-AW©vi N. ågYKvixi †PK 11. ê‡`wkK gy ªvi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb cvi¯úwiK

cÖwZwµqvq ¯vfvweKfv‡e wewbg‡qi †h nvi wba©vwiZ nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. fvimvg¨ wewbgq nvi L. Pvwn`v †hvMvb nvi M. evRvi wewbgq nvi N. Pjgvb wewbgq nvi 12. fvi‡Zi 1 iƒcx †h cwigvY ¯‡Y©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i

evsjv‡`‡ki 3 UvKv hw` †m cwigvY ¯‡Y©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Z‡e evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi wewbgq nvi n‡e

K. 1:2 L. 1 : 3 M. 2:3 N. 3:1 13. wewnZ gy ªv n«vm †c‡j Kx nq? K. gy ªvùxwZ nq L. gy ªvms‡KvPb nq

M. wRwbmc‡Îi `vg ev‡o N. †eKvi mgm¨v jvNe nq 14. †K› ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K Rgvi nvi e„w×i djvdj Kx

n‡Z cv‡i? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡Z Kg cwigv‡Y A_© †K› ªxq

e¨vs‡K hv‡e L. G‡Z evRv‡i my‡ì nvi Kg‡e M. G‡Z evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv e„w× cv‡e N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡Z †ewk cwigvY A_© †K› ªxq




330

e¨vs‡K hv‡e 15. †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfy³ bv nIqvq †Kv‡bv

e¨vsK †h mgm¨v co‡Z cv‡i, Zv n‡jv i. †K› ªxq e¨vsK FY myweav cvq bv ii. wbKvk N‡ii myweav cvq bv iii.RbM‡Yi Av ’v nvivq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii

16. Bankrupt kãwU G‡m‡Q i. Bancoruptus n‡Z ii. Bancaruptus n‡Z iii. Bankroute n‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 17. †h Ae ’vq †`‡ki wewbgq nvi †`‡ki cÖwZK~‡j

P‡j hvq, Zv n‡jv i. †`‡k g~ja‡bi AvMgb NU‡j ii. †`‡k we‡`wk gy ªvi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j iii. AvKw¯§Kfv‡e cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM †`Lv w`‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii 18. †K› ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K FY wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- i. gy ªvùxwZ †iva Kiv ii. A_‰bwZK w ’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLv iii. A‡_©i wbivc` msiÿY Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii. 19. evnK †P‡Ki êwkó¨ n‡jv - i. GwU ïaygvÎ Ac©‡Yi Øviv n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ ii. G †P‡K †K A_ev evnK‡K †jLv _v‡K iii. G †PK‡K `vMKvUv †P‡K cwiYZ Kiv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 20. e¨vsK RvgvbZ MÖn‡Y †h mKj welq we‡ePbv K‡i

Zv n‡jv- i. Avw_©K mvg_© ii. e¨w³i mybvg iii. m¤úwËi g~j¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 21−22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: †K› ªxq e¨vsK wKQzw`b hver FY wbqš¿Y mgm¨vq

AvewZ©Z| e¨vsK nvi evov‡bvi ciI A‡bK e¨vs‡Ki Dci Gi cÖfve co‡Q bv| Avek¨Kxq bM` Rgv evwo‡qI Kvh©Ki djvdj cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| nv‡Z †Mvbv K‡qKwU e¨vs‡Ki Amn‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y †K› ªxq e¨vsK G mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q|

21. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx e¨vsK nvi evwo‡qI †K› ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv, KviY-

i. ZvwjKvfy³ e vsK¸‡jvi Avw_©K wiRv‡f©i cwigvY fv‡jv ii. †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q h‡_ó eÛ, wej I

wmwKDwiwUR †bB iii. g~jab evRv‡i †kqvi I FYc‡Îi msL¨v Kg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 22. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z K‡qKwU e¨vsK †h Amn‡hvwMZv

cÖ vb Ki‡Q GRb¨ †K› ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K kvw Íg~jK eë ’v n‡Z cv‡i

i. wbKvkN‡ii myweav evwZj ii. FY myweav cÖZ¨vnvi iii. AwZwi³ wiRvf© msMÖ‡ni wb‡`©k wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 23−24bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: wg. Pqb GKRb Avg`vwbKviK I we‡µZv|

e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Zvi e¨vcK †jb‡`b| Zv‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi FY w`‡Z †c‡i e¨vsK Lywk|

23. wg. Pq‡bi eëmvq cwiPvjbvq †Kvb ai‡bi FY ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

K. avi L. bM` FY M. RgvwZwi³ FY N. ga¨‡gqvw` FY 24. wg. Pq‡bi mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z †h‡q e¨vsK Lykx,

KviY- i. Zvi †_‡K e¨vsK cÖPzi Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i ii. Zvi †jb‡`b fv‡jv nIqvq SzuwK Kg iii.Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivq †`k Avg`vwb-evwYR ev‡o wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 25−26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI:




331

cv‡Ui eëmvqx KvRj cv‡Ui ¸`vg exgv K‡iwQj| cv‡Ui cwigvY mwVKfv‡e D‡jøL bv Kivq exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi exgv Pzw³ evwZj K‡i‡Q|

25. KvRj †Kvb ai‡bi exgv K‡i‡Q? K. `vq L. †bŠ M. yN©Ubv N. AwMœ 26. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †Kvb bxwZ f‡½i Kvi‡Y

exgvPzw³ evwZj n‡q‡Q? K. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© L. cÖZ¨ÿ KviY M. c‡ivÿ KviY N. wek¦ ÍZvi bxwZ 27. mKj ai‡bi exgv Pzw³ Kivi †cQ‡b exgvMÖnxZvi

D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv i. mÂ‡qi myweav jvf ii. Avw_©K wbivcËv jvf iii. gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍ AR©b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 28. Kgc‡ÿ KZ eQi DËxY© bv n‡j mgc©Y g~j¨ cÖ vb

Kiv nq bv? K. 1 eQi L. 2 eQi M. 3 eQi N. 4 eQi 29. exgvK…Z g~j¨ 1,75,000 UvKv AwMœ yN©Ubvq

ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi cÖK…Z g~j¨ 3,50,000 UvKv| cÖK…Z ÿwZi cwigvY 1,10,000 UvKv| MocoZv cwi‡kva `vwei cwigvY KZ n‡e?

K. 50,000 UvKv L. 1,50,000 UvKv M. 55,000 UvKv N. 75,000 UvKv 30. wb‡Pi †KvbwU WvK Rxebexgvi myweav? K. wKw¯Íi nvi Kg L. †evbvm †ewk M. gy ªvùxwZ †iva K‡i N. gybvdv †ewk 31. hLb †Kv‡bv exgv MÖnxZv GKB welqe Íyi Rb¨

GKB mgq GKvwaK exgvKvix ev exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Avjv`v Avjv`v Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. hyM¥ exgv L. ˆØZ exgv M. cybe©xgv N. MY`vq exgv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 32 − 33bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: gvneye 90 jvL UvKv g~‡jï GKwU Rvnv‡Ri

gvwjK †hwU exgvK…Z wQj| Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL wQj S‡o Rvnv‡Ri †Kv‡bv ÿwZ n‡j exgvKvix Zv c~iY Ki‡e| cieZ©x‡Z RvnvRwU P‡i AvU‡K hvIqvq Rvnv‡Ri me cY¨ bó n‡q hvq| wKšÍy exgvKvix

†Kv‡bv ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡iwb| 32. †bŠexgvi Ae¨³ kZ© †KvbwU? K. iÿxeni mv‡_ ivLv L. exgvK…Z m¤ú‡ì †eaZv M. mgy ªhvÎvi ZvwiL N. hvÎvi êaZv 33. exgvKvix †Kv‡bv ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡iwb †Kb? K. cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Y ÿwZ bv nIqvq L. Z_¨ †Mvcb Kivi Kvi‡Y M. RvnvRwU AvswkK ÿwZ nIqvq N. Pzw³i kZ© f½ Kivi Kvi‡Y 34. exgvPzw³ mvaviYZ i. †gŠwLK nq ii. wjwLZ nq iii. êa D‡Ï‡k¨ nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii 35. ÔevwR Pzw³Õ Pzw³ bq †Kb? K. GwU‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZ`vb †bB L. Gi †Kv‡bv êÁvwbK wfwË †bB M. A‰ea I Rb¯v_© we‡ivax N. mvgvwRK MÖnY‡hvM¨ †bB 36. 1818 mv‡j KjKvZvq cÖwZwôZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki

cÖ_g exgv cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Kx? K. The Oriental Assurance Co. L. The Oriental Insurance Co. M. The Oriental Life Assurance Co. N. The Oriental Life Insurance Co. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 37 − 38bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

`vI: mvwb cÖwZw`b gUi mvB‡K‡j K‡i wek¦we`¨vj‡q

hvq| wbZ¨‰bwgwZ¨K yN©Ubvi K_v ï‡bI Rxebexgv Kivi welqwU †m GLbI fv‡ewb| exgv cÖwZwbwa Zv‡K ejj, Rxebexgv bv Ki‡jI Gi weKí exgvI †m Ki‡Z cv‡i|

37. exgvq †Kvb wel‡qi exgv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K. Mevw` cï L. Rxeb M. hvbevnb N. †PŠh© 38. iwbi exgvc‡Î †h mKj SzuwK AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q, Zv

n‡jv- i. g„Zz ii. AÿgZv iii. wPwKrmv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 39. MÖæc exgv aviYvwUi cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿÎ n‡”Q K. Rxebexgv L. †bŠ exgv




332

M. AwMœexgv N. km¨ exgv 40. wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZi exgvi exgv MÖnxZv I exgvKvwi

DfqB exgv †Kv¤úvwb?

K. mnexgv L. cybtexgv M. hyM¥exgv N. †Mvôx exgv




333

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (wmwU K‡jR, XvKv) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvaywbK e¨vs‡Ki c~e©m~ix ewnf~©Z?

K. eëmvq †Mvôx L. ewYK msN

M. gnvRb †kªwY N. ¯Y©Kvi

2. Rxeb exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi AwR©Z gybvdvi †h Ask exgv MÖnxZv‡ì g‡a¨ AwZwi³ cvIbv wn‡m‡e eÈb K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. evwl©K e„wË L. †evbvm M. Aemi e„wË N. gybvdv

3. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Rbbx ejv nq?

K. myBm b¨vkbvj e¨vsK L. e¨vsK Ae †fwbk

M. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ N. †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷g

4. wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤úwË exgv ewnf~©Z?

K. Kg©Pvix exgv L. Mevw` cï exgv

M. km¨ exgv N. hvbevnb exgv

5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó cÖwµqvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

K. bM` Rgv mwÂwZ L. wewae× Zvij¨ mwÂwZ

M. mvaviY mwÂwZ N. we‡kl mwÂwZ

6. †h‡Kv‡bv exgv cwjwm MÖn‡Y exgvMÖnxZvi D‡Ïk n‡jv-

i. mÂ‡qi myweav AR©b ii. Avw_©K wbivcËv jvf

iii. gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍ AR©b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡klfv‡e `vMKvUv †P‡Ki bgybv?

K. L.

M. N.

8. †Kvb exgv‡K wbðqZvi exgv e‡j?

K. Rxeb L. †bŠ M. m¤úwË N. km¨

9. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi me©vaywbK c×wZ †KvbwU?

K. myBdU L. WvK‡hv‡M A_© †cÖiY

M. Zvi‡hv‡M A_© †cÖiY N. AvšÍR©vwZK gvwb AW©vi

10. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji g~j Drm †KvbwU?

K. cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab L. RbM‡Yi AvgvbZ

M. mwÂwZ Znwej N. FYK…Z Znwej

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 11−12bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: Rbve Rvwgj `xN©w`b GKUv evmvq fvov _v‡Kb|

wZwb wbR bv‡g febwUi exgv Ki‡Z PvB‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡Z AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i|

11. Rbve Rvwgj †Kvb ai‡bi exgv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj? K. AwMœ L. Rxeb M. m¤úwË N. †PŠh© 12. exgv †Kv¤úvwb KZ©„K exgv cÖ ÍvewU cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi

KviY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K. SzuwKi AvwaK¨ L. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i Afve M. wbw ©óZvi Afve N. mwØk¦v‡mi Afve 13. †Kvb e vs‡K, †bZvi g‡Zv † ‡ki e vswKs ivRZ¡ kvmb K‡i? K. wek¦ e¨vsK L. AvšÍR©vwZK A_© Znwej M. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N. Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK 14. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ¯í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx n‡jI

gv‡S-g‡a¨ `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q, hLb i. ¯í‡gqvw` F‡Yi Sv‡gjv Gov‡Z Pvq ii. h‡_ó cwigv‡Y xN©‡gqvw AvgvbZ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i iii.h‡_ó cwigv‡Y Ajm UvKv Rgv _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii.




334

15. wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Rxeb exgvi †ÿ‡Î Dchy³ nq bv?

K. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© L. P~ovšÍ mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© M. ’jvwfwl³KiY N. Avw_©K wbðqZv 16. wg. KvBq~‡gi M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ †Kvb F‡Yi

mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? K. eëmvq FY L. bM` FY M. eÜwK FY N. RgvwZwi³ FY

17. G FY MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g e„w× cv‡e i. cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg ii. †`‡ki Kg©ms ’vb iii.wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 18. †Kvb ai‡bi †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg bv _vKvi

Kvi‡Y †PK cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq? K. `vMKvUv †PK L. duvKv †PK M. evnK †PK N. ûKzg †PK 19. µq ÿgZvi mgZv Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? K. AviGm †mevm© L. Avi.wc. †K›U M. I÷vf K¨v‡mj N. †KqvY©µm 20. exgvKvix KZ©„K A‡bï SzuwK MÖn‡Yi wewbg‡q

g~j¨‡K Kx e‡j? K. e„wË L. wcÖwgqvg M. gybvdv N. †evbvm 21. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi wbe©vPbg~jK

c×wZ †KvbwU? K. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ L. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ M. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ N. F‡Yi nvi eivÏKiY bxwZ 22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †bŠ wec` ewnf~©Z? K. mvgyw`ªK So L. cY¨ wb‡ÿc M. ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY N. Rj`my Zv 23. evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q eo evwYwR¨K e¨vsK

†KvbwU? K. †mvbvjx e¨vsK L. RbZv e¨vsK

M. c~e©vjx e¨vsK N. Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wj. 24. evsjv‡`k †_‡K we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi Dcvq

n‡jv- i. †µwWU Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g ii. cÖZ¨q c‡Îi gva¨‡g iii. ê‡`wkK wewbgq we‡ji gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 25. GKRb PvKwiRxexi Rb mÂqx wnmve DËg †Kb? K. ¯ínv‡i my cvIqv hvq e‡j L. e¨vsK PvR© KZ©b Kiv nq bv e‡j M. FY myweav cvIqv hvq e‡j N. w`‡b hZevi Lywk UvKv IVv‡bv hvq e‡j 26. Rxeb exgvq eqm cÖgv‡Yi mb` †KvbwU? i. wkÿv mb`cÎ ii. cvm‡cv‡U©i Kwc iii. PvwiwÎK mb` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 27. AMÖxg gÄyiKv‡j e¨vsK AwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q †Kvb

welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i? K. MÖvn‡Ki PwiÎ L. MÖvn‡Ki ÿgZv M. F‡Yi wbivcËv N. F‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ 28. km¨ exgvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU A_©‰bwZK SzuwKi

AšÍfy©³? K. Abve„wó L.AwMœ ms‡hvM M. g~j¨n«vm N. Pzwi

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 29−30 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

AvRKvj gvbyl miKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ev` w`‡q †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki w`‡K QzU‡Q| miKvi welqwU DwØ‡Mœi mv‡_ jÿ¨ Ki‡Q Ges G Ae ’vi D‡ËviY NUv‡Z Pv‡”Q|

29. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv g‡Z gvbyl †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki w`‡K QzU‡Q?

K. †emiKvwi e¨vsK cÖ Ë †mevi gvb DbœZ L. †emiKvwi e¨vsK¸‡jv Avw_©Kfv‡e ¯”Qj M. miKvwi e¨vs‡K e¨vsK PvR© †ewk




335

N. miKvwi e vs‡K Rgvi my` Kg I F‡Yi my †ewk 30. miKv‡ii DwØMœZv `~i Ki‡Z PvB‡j miKvwi

e¨vsK¸‡jvi KiYxq n‡jv i. eë ’vcbv `ÿZv evov‡Z n‡e ii. MÖvnK †mevi gvb DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡e iii. FY `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î D`vibxwZ Aej¤b Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 31. ˆbwZK SzuwKi cwigvY n«v‡mi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi

AwMœexgv DËg? K. wbw`©ó L. MocoZv

M. fvmgvb N. evowZ

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 32−33bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI:

gwR` mv‡ne GKRb PvKixRxex| wZwb e¨vs‡K GKwU wnmve Ly‡j cÖwZ gv‡m 2000 UvKv Rgv †`b| Gfv‡e cuvP eQi Rgv †Ìqvi ci wZwb Zvi mgy q UvKv jvfmn †diZ cv‡eb| Z‡e cuvP eQ‡ii Av‡M wZwb †Kv‡bv UvKv Zzj‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

32. gwR` mv‡n‡ei G ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjvi D‡Ïk¨?

K. mÂ‡qi my‡hvM jvf

L. AwaK Av‡qi my‡hvM jvf

M. Rgvi wecix‡Z FY jvf

N. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs myweav jvf

33. gwR` mv‡n‡ei G ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjvi D‡Ïk¨?

K. mÂ‡qi my‡hvM jvf

L. AwaK Av‡qi my‡hvM jvf

M. Rgvi wecix‡Z FY jvf

N. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs myweav jvf

34. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgvwRK exgvi welqe Íy ewnf~©Z?

K. ev‡qve„×Zv L. †eKviZ¡

M. ¯v ’ nvwb N. AwMœKvÛ

35. gÄy GKRb Avg`vwbKviK| Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡Yi FY AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨?

K. avi L. bM` FY

M. RgvwZwi³ FY N. eÜKx FY

36. avi I bM` F‡Yi g‡a¨ wg‡ji †ÿÎ¸‡jv n‡jv-

i. DfqB e¨vsK AvMv‡gi AšÍfy©³

ii. Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB Rvgvb‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o

iii. DfqB evwYwR¨K FY


K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 37. cybe©xgv Kvi SzuwK n«vm K‡i?

K. exgvKvixi L. exgvMÖnxZvi

M. miKv‡ii N. exgvi welqe Íyi

38. e¨vs‡K Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii d‡j bx‡Pi †KvbwUi eënvi AwaK cwigv‡Y n«vm †c‡q‡Q?

K. Rgv iwm` eB L. †PK eB

M. cvm eB N. wnmve weeiYx

39. †Kvb GKK welqe Íy GKvwaK exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU exgv Kiv n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. ˆØZ exgv L. cybe©xgv

M. MÖæc exgv N. hyM¥ exgv

40. †bŠ exgvq e¨³ k‡Z©i g‡a¨ c‡o

i. mgy ª hvÎvi ZvwiL

ii. hvÎvi êaZv

iii. exgvK…Z m¤ú‡ì êaZv


K. i I ii L. i I iiiM. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii.




336

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv K‡jR) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. cvK-fviZxq Dcgnv‡ ‡k cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ evwYwR¨K e vs‡Ki bvg Kx?

K. w` †e½j e¨vsK L. w` wn› y ’vb e¨vsK M. †Rbv‡ij e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv N. B‡¤úvwiqvj e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv

2. ‘Bank is the trader of money and loan’−Dw³wU Kvi?

K. John Hang L. Prof. T. Hardy M. H.L. Hert N. J.C. Wood 3. †h‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki A_© eë ’vi g~j †K›`ªwe›`y

†KvbwU? K. wkí e¨vsK L. †Kw›`ªq e¨vsK M. K…wl e¨vsK N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK

4. †Kvb e vs‡K ‘Mother of Central Bank’ ejv nq? K. wiKm e¨vsK Ae myB‡Wb L. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ M. †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷g N. e¨vsK Ae d«vÝ

5. Sl. R Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?

K. Statutory Liquidity Requirement L. Statutory Liquidity Reserve M. Standard Liquidity Reserve N. Standard Liquidity Rate 6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †h mKj AvaywbK myweav MÖvnK

†mevi gvb e„w×‡Z f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q Zv n‡jv i. jKvi fvov

ii. ATM ey_

iii. AbjvBb e¨vswKs wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 7. evwYwR¨K e vsKmg~n Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì Zvij eRvq

iv‡L? K. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó K‡i L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i M. e¨vs‡Ki †fv‡ë bM` A_© Rgv †i‡L N. D”P my‡ì cwie‡Z© ¯í my‡` FY w`‡q 8. †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve gvwjK‡K e¨vsK †PK eB

mieivn K‡i bv? K. mÂqx L. PjwZ M. ’vqx N. we‡kl PjwZ 9. GKRb Avg`vwb-ißvwbKviK e¨vsK †PK eB

mieivn K‡i bv? K. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó K‡i L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i M. e¨vs‡Ki †fv‡ë bM` A_© Rgv †i‡L N. D”P my‡ì cwie‡Z© ¯í my‡` FY w`‡q

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 10−11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: Rbve nvmvb Rbve Rvgv‡bi KvQ †_‡K GKwU vMKvUv

†PK †c‡jb| †PKwUi Dcwifv‡Mi evgcv‡k¦© wb‡gœv³fv‡e vMKvUv n‡q‡Q|

10. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi `vMKvUv? K. mvaviY L. ˆØZ M. we‡klfv‡e N. AmvaviY 11. wg. nvmv‡bi †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K wnmve bv _vK‡j

wZwb hv Ki‡Z cv‡ib i. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K †h Kv‡iv wnmv‡e †PK Rgv w`‡Z

cv‡ib ii. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K wnmve Ly‡j †mLv‡b †PK Rgv




337

w`‡Z cv‡ib iii. Rbve Rvgvb w`‡q `vM AcmviYc~e©K e¨vsK

KvD›Uvi †_‡K UvKv DVv‡Z cv‡ib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. ii I iii L. i, ii I iii M. i I iii N. i I ii. 12. Rbve wgbnvR GKRb ißvwbKviK| Zvi wbKU †Kvb

ai‡bi cÖZ¨qbcÎ AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i? K. wbwðZL. †Lvjv M. AwbwðZ N. N~Y©vqgvb wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 13−14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: Rbve kvnwiqvi kwdK GKRb †cvkvK

ißvwbKviK| Zvi 50 jÿ UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| bZzb AW©v‡ii Rb¨ UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq e¨vs‡Ki wbqg-Kvbyb AbymiY K‡i wZwb e¨vsK †_‡K 70 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib|

13. Rbve kvnwiqv‡ii M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ †Kvb F‡Yi mv „k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq?

K. RgvwZwi³ FY L. eëmvq FY M. bM` FY N. eÜwK FY 14. e vs‡Ki G ai‡bi FY cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g e„w× cv‡e- i. cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg ii. †`‡ki Kg©ms ’vb iii. wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I iiL. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 15. evsjv‡`‡ki ê‡`wkK wewbgq Kvh©µg mivmwi

wbqš¿Y K‡i †K? K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L. A_© gš¿Yvjq M. miKvi N. ciivóª gš¿Yvjq 16. GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK

w ’wZkxjZv ê‡`wkK wewbgq nv‡i BwZevPK cÖfve iv‡L-Gi cÖavb KviY †KvbwU?

K. †`kxq Drcv`b e„w× cvq L. †`‡ki fveg~wZ© D¾¡j nq M. Avg`vwb I ißvwb e„w× cvq N. we‡`wk wewb‡qvM ev‡o 17. µq ÿgZvi mZZv Z‡Ë¡i (Purchasing

Power Parity Theory) RbK †K? K. wcÖ Ad WªPvi L. †nbwi †dqj M. Rb DBwjqvgm N. cÖ Ívf K¨v‡bj 18. ‘SWIFT’ †Kvb jÿ¨ wb‡q cÖwZwôZ nq? K. Visa I Master Card Gi cÖPjb Kiv

L. WvK‡hv‡M ê‡`wkK †jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kiv M. ågYKvixi ågY msµvšÍ cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy Kiv N. AvšÍt‡`kxq AvšÍte vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË

Kiv 19. Rbve kwdKzj Avjg GKRb wkícwZ| wZwb

†jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ DËg e¨vsK evQvB‡qi †ÿ‡Î e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ¸Y‡K AwaK cÖvavb¨ †`‡e?

K. wbivcËv eë ’v L. mÂq msMÖ‡ni mvg_© M. FY Av`v‡qi mÿgZv N. MÖvnK †mevi gvb

20. †K› ªxq e vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewj m¤úv b Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY

i. G‡Z e¨vsK eë ’vi Ici wbqš¿‡Y mgm¨v n‡e ii. G‡Z A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ evavMÖ Í n‡e iii. G‡Z g~jab MV‡bi KvR evavMÖ Í n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I iii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 21 − 22bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: eZ©gv‡b mgv‡Ri †jvKRb wewfbœ my‡hvM-myweavi

Kvi‡Y †emiKvwi e¨vsK¸‡jvi mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z ¯v”Q›`‡eva Ki‡Q| †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K Kg©iZ †iRvDj Bmjvg GUv †`‡L DwØMœ| wZwb G Ae ’vi DËiY cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib|

21. wg. Bmjv‡gi DwØMœZv `~ixKi‡Y KiYxq n‡jv- i. eë ’vcbvi `ÿZv evov‡Z n‡e ii. MÖvnK †mevi cÖwZ hZœkxj n‡Z n‡e iii. DbœZ cÖhyw³ †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii M. ii I iii N. i I iii. 22. †mvbvjx e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK? K. ¯vqËkvwmZ L. miKvwi M. †emiKvwi N. †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvaxb 23. Ajm A_© Rgv i‡q‡Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³i Rb¨

†Kvb ai‡bi wnmve DËg? K. mÂqx L. ’vqx M. we‡kl PjwZ N. †cbkb mÂqx 24. mvaviYZ †Kvb ai‡bi FY gÄy‡ii †ÿ‡Î m¤úwË

RvgvbZ Avek¨K bq?




338

K. avi L. RgvwZwi³ FY M. bM` FY N. ga¨g †gqvw` FY 25. exgv e¨emv‡qi DrcwËi µg †KvbwU? K. Rxeb → †bŠ → AwMœ → `~N©Ubv L. †bŠ → Rxeb → AwMœ → `~N©Ubv M. †bŠ → AwMœ → Rxeb → `~N©Ubv N. AwMœ →†bŠ → Rxeb → ~N©Ubv 26. me©cÖ_g exgv e¨emvq ïiæ nq †Kvb †`‡k? K. d«v‡Ý L. Bsj¨v‡Û M. BZvwj‡Z N. Rvg©vwb‡Z 27. Rxeb exgv Pzw³ Acwinvh© Dcv`vb n‡jv- i. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ii. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© iii. ’jvwfwl³KiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 28. Kgc‡ÿ KZ eQi mgq DËxY© bv n‡j mgc©Y

g~j¨ cÖ vb Kiv nq bv? K. GK eQi L. wZb eQi M. yB eQi N. Pvi eQi wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 29 − 30 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: Rbve mvddvb nvwee RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍiÿx

wgk‡b `wÿY my vb hv‡”Qb| wZwb hvIqvi c~‡e© wb‡Ri Rxeb exgv Ki‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb G‡Z wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi h‡_ó Kg| gv‡S †`‡k wd‡i G‡m wZwb exgvcÎ Avevi bevqb K‡i‡Qb|

29. Rbve nvwee †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K. e„wË L. †gqvw` M. mvgwqK N. GKKvjxb 30. Rbve nvwee‡K exgv wcÖwgqvg Kg w`‡Z nq

†Kb? i. ¯í mg‡qi Rb¨ wZwb exgvcÎ Ly‡j‡Qb ii. ïaygvÎ gviv †M‡jB G‡ÿ‡Î exgv vex c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e iii. wcÖwgqvg wnmv‡e cÖ Ë A_© exgv †Kv¤úvwb †`‡e bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. i, ii I iii N. ii I iii 31. wb‡gœi †KvbwU †bŠ exgv Pzw³i Ae¨³ kZ©? K. †bŠc_ msµvšÍ eY©bv L. mgy ª hvÎvi ZvwiL M. hvÎvc_ AcwiewZ©Z ivLv N. mgy ª hvÎvi weiwZ 32. Rbve †gvnv¤§` Dj øvi gvjevnx RvnvR b‡f¤i

gv‡m PÆMÖvg †_‡K wbDBq©K †cuŠQv‡e| GB hvÎvKv‡j †h ÿwZ n‡e Zv exgv †Kv¤úvwb cwi‡kva Ki‡e| Rbve †gvnv¤§` Djøv †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?

K. hvÎvi exgvcÎ L. wgkª exgvcÎ M. mgq exgvcÎ N. g~j¨vwqZ exgvcÎ 33. AvaywbK AwMœexgvi RbK †K? K. PvU©vi cvwU© L. Pvjvwb iwk` M. ’jvwfwl³Zvi cÎ N. cywjwk Z`šÍ wi‡cvU© 34. AvaywbK AwMœexgvi RbK †K? K. wb‡Kvjvm iwebmb L. wb‡Kvjvm evieb M. wb‡Kvjvm Kve©b N. jyBm Awjfvi wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 35−36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: Rbve dR‡j ivweŸ GKRb †mŠwLb wPÎKg© msMÖvnK|

wZwb cÂvk nvRvi UvKvq †Kbv GKwU wPÎKg© cieZ©x‡Z Gi evRvi g~j¨ hvB †nvK bv †Kb GK jÿ UvKvq AwMœexgv K‡ib| GK ~N©Ubvq Av¸b †j‡M wPÎwUi 25% webó n‡q hvq|

35. Rbve ivweŸ †Kvb ai‡bi AwMœ exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb?

K. g~j vwqZ L. wbw ©ó M. Ag~j vwqZ N. MocoZv 36. exgv †Kv¤úvwb Rbve ivweŸ‡K KZ UvKvi

ÿwZc~iY Ki‡e? K. 50,000 L. 75,000 M. 1,00,000 N. 25,000 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 37 − 38 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: Rbve Kwig GKRb ¯í Av‡qi gvbyl| wb‡Ri

AeZ©gv‡b †Q‡j‡g‡qi Avw_©K mnvqZvi K_v †f‡e GKwU exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Pzw³e× n‡q‡Qb Ges gvwmK 500 UvKv nv‡i Rgv w ‡”Qb|

37. Rbve Kwig †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?

K. mvaviY exgv L. Rxeb exgv M. †bŠ exgv N. AwMœ exgv 38. Rbve Kwi‡gi cÖ Ë gvwmK 500 UvKv‡K exgvi fvlvq

Kx e‡j? K. wcÖwgqvg L. evwl©K wd M. mÂq N. wewb‡qvM 39. km¨ exgv cÖ_g Pvjy nq †Kvb †`‡k?




339

K. hy³iv‡R¨L. Rvg©vwb‡ZM. hy³iv‡óª N. d«v‡Ý 40. ‘Fire is a good servant but a bad

master’ †K e‡j‡Qb?

K. jW© g¨vKb¨vUb L. jW© eªyK M. eivU© I‡qb N. wb‡Kvjvm evieb

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv Kg©vm K‡jR) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. we‡k¦ me©cÖ_g KZ mv‡j †K› ªxq e vsK cÖwZwôZ nq?

K. 1157 L. 1656 M. 1694 N. 1971

2. †KvbwU exgvPzw³i we‡kl Dcv`vb?

K. `ywU cÿ L. êa cÖwZ`vb

M. †¯”Qv mvq N. wbKUZg KviY

3. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR Kx?

K. †bvU I gy ªvi cÖPjb L. gy ªvi gvb msiÿY

M. FY wbqš¿Y N. FY AvgvbZ m„wó

4. ga¨hy‡M e¨vsK eë ’vi Dbœq‡bi cÖavb KviY Kx?

K. c~e©m~ix‡ì Avwef©ve L. we‡klvwqZ e¨vs‡Ki cÖPjb

M. gy ªvi cÖPjb N. Dcvmbvjq e¨vswKs eë ’v

5. †KvbwU we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi c×wZ ewnf~©Z?

K. KvMwR gy ªv L. WvKgvidZ

M. †c-AW©vi N. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 6−7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI:

MÖvnK wn‡m‡e myL vwZ _vKvq Rbve ivwRe AMÖYx e vsK wjwg‡UW Gi mv‡_ RgvK…Z A‡_©i AwZwi³ 10 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb Pzw³e× nb| Zvi wnmve `k jÿ UvKv DØ„Ë _vKvKvjxb wZwb eëmv‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b 15 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib|

6. e¨vsK G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi RvgvbZ‡K AwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q?

K. ’vei m¤úwË eÜK L. e¨w³K

M. cY¨ eÜK N. c~e© Ë¡

7. D³ FY eve` 15% nvi my‡` gvmv‡šÍ Rbve ivwRe‡K KZ UvKv my w`‡Z n‡e?

K. 6,250 L. 12,500

M. 18,750 N. 20,000

8. e vsK †_‡K †h wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY †bIqv hvq-

i. FY ii. mÂqx iii. PjwZ


K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wgkª e¨vsK?

K. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK wjwg‡UW

L. Avie evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wjwg‡UW

M. †mvm¨vj Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW

N. WvP-evsjv e¨vsK wjwg‡UW

10. †KvbwU †bŠ-exgvi e¨³ kZ©?

K. mgy ªhvÎvi êaZv

L. wfbœc‡_ Mgb bv Kiv

M. Rvnv‡R iÿxeni _vKv

N. RvnvRwUi mgy‡ ª PjvPj‡hvM¨Zv

11. †Kvb exgvc‡Î cÖwZwU m¤ú‡ì g~j¨ c„_Kfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq?

K. MocoZv L. †NvlYvK…Z

M. mw¤§wjZ N. g~j¨vwqZ

12. †KvbwU AevwYwR¨K F‡Yi `wjj?

K. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ L. †c-AW©vi




340

M. åvg¨gvb †bvU N. e¨vsK M¨vivw›U

13. evnK †P‡Ki Amyweav Kx?

K. eo A‡¼i †jb‡`b L. mnR †jb‡`b

M. AwaK wbivc` N. n ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 − 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

wg. Kwj‡gi wbKU n‡Z wg. iv‡k` KY©dzjx e vsK wjwg‡UW Gi 50 nvRvi UvKvi GKwU †PK †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb A_© msMÖ‡ni R‡b¨ Zuvi g v‡bRvi Rbve bvRgyj‡K †PKwU cÖ vb K‡ib|

14. D³ †PKwU‡Z bvRgyj †Kvb cÿ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e?

K. Avw`ó L. Av‡`óv

M. Aby‡gv`bKvix N. aviK

15. †PKwUi A_© wg. iv‡k‡ì e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g msMÖn Kivi Dcvq Kx?

K. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b L. †PK cÖZ¨qb

M. †PK bM`vqb N. †P‡K `vMKvUv

16. †KvbwU Rxeb exgv Pzw³i Dcv`vb?

K. AvbycvwZK nvi L. ’jvwfwl³KiY

M. mgc©Y g~j¨ N. ÿwZc~iY

17. cÖZ¨qcÎ n‡jv GKwU

i. F‡Yi RvgvbZ ii. F‡Yi `wjj

iii. RvnvwR `wjj


K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I ii N. i, ii I iii

18. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g kmëxgv eë ’v Pvjy nq K‡e?

K. 1918 L. 1962

M. 1972 N. 1976

19. †KvbwU `yN©Ubv exgvi ewnf~©Z?

K. Mevw` cï L. wkÿv

M. wngvMvi N. wegvb

20. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR?

K. mÂq msMÖn L. FY AvgvbZ m„wó M. †bvU I gy ªvi cÖPjb N. Zvij¨ msiÿY 21. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ Kx? K. ch©vß AvgvbZ msMÖn L. A‡_©i bM` cÖevn M. wkíLv‡Z wewb‡qvM N. g~jab MVb 22. †KvbwU †P‡Ki Agh©v`vi KviY ewnf~©Z? K. †P‡K Av‡`óvi ¯vÿi bv _vKv L. Av‡`óvi wnmv‡e ch©vß A_© bv _vKv M. `vMKvUv †PK cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g

Dc ’vcb N. †P‡Ki A_© cwi‡kv‡a Av`vj‡Zi wb‡lavÁv 23. AwMœexgvq †Kvb ai‡bi SzuwK AwaK? K. A_©‰bwZK L. cÖvK…wZK M. ˆbwZK N. mvgvwRK wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24 − 25 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: evsjv‡`‡k wkwcs K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Ôevsjvi †MŠieÕ

RvnvRwU Ôiƒcmv BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UWÕ Gi wbKU 100 †KvwU UvKvi exgvK…Z| cieZ©x‡Z iƒcmv BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW D³ exgvPzw³i wecix‡Z mvaviY K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ 80 †KvwU UvKv g~‡jï GKwU c„_K exgvPzw³ K‡i|

24. iƒcmv BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW KZ©„K mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z exgvPzw³wU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. cybe©xgv L. ˆØZexgv M. yN©Ubv exgv N. cwienb exgv 25. `yN©Ubv NU‡j D³ exgvq ÿwZc~iY Ki‡e i. iƒcmv BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW ii. evwYR¨ gš¿Yvjq iii. mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ikb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 26. A_© evRv‡i †K cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. wek¦ e¨vsK M. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK




341

27. ivnvZ GKwU jUvwi‡Z weRqx n‡q 20 jÿ UvKv cvq| wbR bv‡g e¨vs‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjv Zvi R‡b¨ AwaK myweavRbK?

K. ’vqx L. we‡kl PjwZ M. FY AvgvbZ N. wW‡cvwRU †cbkb ¯‹xg 28. mgc©Y g~j¨ cvIqv hvq i. wbw ©ó mgq †k‡l ii. wbqwgZ wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb n‡j iii. †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi exgvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 29. mg µqÿgZv Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v †K? K. †nbwi †dqj L. G¨vWvg w¯§_ M. M¨v Íf K¨v‡mj N. wR. µvD_vi 30. †KvbwU mvaviY exgvi AvIZvfy³? K. ¯v ’ exgv L. wkÿv exgv M. †Mvôx exgv N. km¨ exgv 31. †`‡ki GKwU e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb †mvbviMuvI

G¨v‡cv‡ijm wjwg‡UW XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ ’v‡b Aew ’Z 3wU ¸`v‡g iwÿZ c‡Yï Rb¨ GKwU exgvPzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡i?

K. †NvlYvK…Z L. mw¤§wjZ M. web¨vm‡hvM¨ N. fvmgvb 32. †Mvôx exgv Kvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨? K. wbw`©ó RvwZ †Mvôx L. GKB

cwiev‡ii m`më„›` M. cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Kg©Pvwi N. eÜz-evÜe wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 33 − 34 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: m¤cÖwZ we‡`k †_‡K cY¨ Avg vwb †e‡o hvIqvq

†`‡k gvwK©b Wjv‡ii g~j cwieZ©b nq| Gw ‡K, evRv‡i wkïLv‡`ï g~j¨ e„w× cvIqvq †µZv‡ì gv‡S Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq|

33. DwjøwLZ †cÖÿvc‡U gvwK©b Wjv‡ii wewbgq nvi e„w×i KviY Kx?

K. ê‡`wkK gy ªvi Pvwn`v e„w× L. †`‡ki Kg©ms ’vb e„w×

M. AwaK ê‡`wkK wewb‡qvM N. †kqvi evRv‡ii m~PK e„w×

34. D™¢~Z cwiw ’wZ wbqš¿‡Y miKv‡ii KiYxq n‡jv- i. ißvwb e„w× ii. ch©Ub wk‡íi weKvk iii. we‡`‡k Kg©ms ’vb e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 35. †KvbwU exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i mwVK A_© cÖKvk K‡i? K. exgvK…Z welqe Íyi Ici exgvKvixi Avw_©K ¯v_© L. exgvMÖwnZv KZ©„K wbw`©ó mg‡q `vexK…Z A‡_©i

cwigvY M. exgvK…Z welqe Íyi Dci exgvMÖwnZvi Avw_©K ¯v_© N. exgvKvwi KZ©„K cÖ Ë ÿwZc~i‡Yi cwigvY 36. GKK e¨vs‡Ki myweav †KvbwU? K. AwaK g~jab L. A_© ’vbvšÍi M. SzuwK eÈb N. `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY 37. gybvdv me©vwaKxKi‡Yi welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q

eZ©gv‡b †`‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n AwaK FY`v‡bi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡o‡Q| G‡Z AwP‡iB e¨vs‡Ki Zxeª Zvij¨ msK‡Ui Avk¼v Ki‡Q we‡klÁ gnj|

D™¢~Z cwiw ’wZ‡Z †K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i? K. Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK M. wek¦ e¨vsK N. AvšÍR©vwZK gy ªv Znwej 38. e¨vsK wnmve †Lvjvi cÖavb myweav Kx? K. mnR †jb‡`b L. gybvdv AR©b M. A‡_©i wbivcËv N. FY MÖnY 39. Rbve AwfwRZ (40 eQi) w` mvbivBR BÝy ‡iÝ

†Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW Gi mv‡_ ˆÎgvwmK wfwË‡Z exgv`vex jv‡fi k‡Z© GKKvjxb wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kva K‡i GKwU exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡ib|

K. AvRxeb L. ¯v ’ M. Awae„wË N. †gqv`x 40. †KvbwU †bŠ wec`?




342

K. M”Pv L. we‡kl LiPvewj M. cY¨ wb‡ÿcY N. D×vi msµvšÍ LiP




343

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (we.G.Gd. kvnxb K‡jR) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. ‘Mother of Modern bank’ ejv nq †Kvb e¨vsK‡K?

K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. wkí e¨vsK M. mgevq e¨vsK N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 2. e¨vsK I e¨vwKs Gi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨ Kx? K. cÖK…wZMZ L. `vqMZ M. mvdj¨MZ N. DrcwËMZ 3. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wewnZ gy ªv? K. 1 I 2 UvKvi †bvU L. 10 I 20 UvKvi †bvU M. 50 I 100 UvKvi †bvU N. 500 I 1000 UvKvi †bvU 4. µq ÿgZvi mgZv Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? K. H.F. Evitt L. R.N. Stern M. Gustar Cassel N. John Black 5. CCA/C Kx? K. Commercial Credit Account L. Credit Commercial Account M. Capital Credit Account N. Cash Credit Account 6. we‡k¦i cÖ_g e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx? K. kváx e¨vsK L. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ M. wiKm e vsK Ae myB‡Wb N. w wn› y Ívb e vsK 7. †P‡Ki Avwe®‹viK Kviv? K. gnvRb †kªwY L. ¯Y©Kvi †kªwY M. eëmvqx †kªwY N. miKvi 8. GKwU êa †P‡Ki †gqv` KZ gvm? K. 2 gvm L. 3 gvm M. 6 gvm N. 8 gvm 9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K F‡Yi `wjj? K. ågYKvixi †PK L. †c-AW©vi M. åvg¨gvb †bvU N. ågYKvixi cÖZ¨qcÎ

10. ‘A bank is a financial intermediary, a dealer is loans and debt’s – Dw³wU Kvi?

K. Prof. Roger L. P.H. Collin M. Prof. Gilbert N. Prof. Cairncross 11. Avw_©K ÿwZi m¤¢vebv‡K Kx e‡j? K. AcPq L. AePq M. wcÖwgqvg N. SzuwK 12. evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b KZ mv‡ji exgv AvBb

cÖPwjZ? K. 1932 L. 1938 M. 1994 N. 2010 13. `vq g~j vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv †bIqv nq? K. gvwj‡Ki L. A¨vKPzqvwi M. exgvMÖnxZvi N. Kg©KZ©v‡ì 14. enbcÎ Kq cÖ‡ ’ ˆZwi Kiv nq? K. `yB cÖ‡ ’ L. wZb cÖ‡ ’ M. Pvi cÖ‡ ’ N. cuvP cÖ‡ ’ 15. †Kvb †`‡k cÖ_g Mevw`cky exgv Pvjy nq? K. d«vÝ L. Rvg©vwb M. hy³ivóª N. hy³ivR¨ 16. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î ˆØZexgv Kiv hvq bv? K. †bŠ exgv L. AwMœ exgv M. Rxeb exgv N. kn¨ exgv 17. AwMœexgvi we‡kl Dcv`vb i. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ii. ÿwZc~iY iii. kZ©vewj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 18. †bŠ exgvc‡Îi wewfbœ ai‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o? i. hvÎvi exgvcÎ ii. mgq exgvcÎ iii. wgkª exgvcÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii




344

19. WvK Rxeb exgv c‡Îi cÖavb DcRxe¨ welq n‡jv

i. AvRxeb exgvcÎ ii. mvgwqK exgvcÎ iii. †gqvw` wegvcÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iiiM. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 20. ê‡`wkK wewbgq mswkøó n‡jv i. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖiY ii. wewbgq nvi wba©viY iii. Avg`vwb n«vm I ißvwb e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I iiL. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 21. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK i. K…wl e¨vsK ii. evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK iii. MÖvgxY e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 22. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msL¨vZ¥K FY wbqš¿Y c×wZi

g‡a¨ c‡o i. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ ii. F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ iii. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii. 23. e¨vsK †h mKj †ÿ‡Î MÖvn‡Ki wnmve eÜ K‡i Zv

n‡jv i. MÖvn‡Ki g„Zz n‡j ii. MÖvnK cvMj n‡j iii. MÖvnK wnmve eÜ Kivi †bvwUk w`‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 24. ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv †K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? i. cÖvcK ii. evnK iii. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 25−26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wcÖwgqvi e¨vsK wjwg‡UW evsjv‡`‡k AwZ cwiwPZ

bvg| gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨vsKwU wewfbœ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| g~jab MV‡b G

e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L P‡j‡Q| 25. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. miKvwi L. GKK M. evwYwR¨K N. †K›`ªxq 26. wcÖwgqvi e vsK g~jab MV‡b Kxfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L? K. mÂq msMÖn K‡i L. A_© ’vbvšÍi K‡i M. FY wbqš¿Y K‡i N. FY`vb K‡i wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 27−28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: Rbve gwZb GKwU e¨vs‡Ki GgwW| e¨vsK m¤cÖwZ Ab

jvBb e¨vswKs Pvjy K‡i‡Q| wKšÍy A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y e¨vsKwU‡Z Zvij¨ msKU †`Lv w ‡q‡Q|

27. Rbve gwZ‡bi e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. GKK e¨vsK L. kvLv e¨vsK M. MÖæc e¨vsK N. †PBb e¨vsK 28. e¨vsKwU‡Z Zvij¨ msKU †`Lv †Ìqvi KviY i. bZzb AvgvbZ ii. cÖ Ë FY Av`vq bv nIqv iii. wgZe¨wqZvi bxwZ Abym„Z bv nIqv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 29 − 30 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: wg. iwdK gvj‡qwkqv PvKwi K‡ib| †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡Z

Av‡M mgm¨v n‡jI eZ©gv‡b UvKv cvVv‡bvi A‡bK c×wZ _vKvq Zvi †Kvb mgm¨v GLb Avi †bB|

29. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi †Kvb c×wZ wg. iwd‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK© ewnf©~Z?

K. WvK‡hv‡M L. Zvi‡hv‡M M. B-†gBj eënvi K‡i N. cÖZ¨qc‡Îi gva¨‡g 30. UvKv cvVv‡bvi A‡bK c×wZi g‡a¨ wg. iwd‡Ki

Rb¨ `ªæZZg c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i i. WvK‡hv‡M ii. Zvi‡hv‡M iii. B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 31 − 32 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: RvwKqv e¨vs‡Ki K¨vwkqvi Awdmvi| GKUv †PK

†c‡q wZwb cÖvc‡Ki bvg wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| evnK




345

ej‡jv cÖvcK evmvq Av‡Q| RvwKqv †PKwU †dir w`‡jb|

31. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi †PK? K. we‡kl `vMKvUv L. mvaviY `vMKvUv M. ûKzg N. evnK 32. wb‡Pi †Kvb Kvi‡Y RvwKqv †PKwU Agh©v v K‡i‡Q? K. †PKwU mwVKfv‡e †jLv nqwb e‡j L. †PKwU e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g Dc ’vwcZ nqwb e‡j M. cÖvc‡Ki weiæ‡× e¨vs‡Ki Awf‡hvM Av‡Q e‡j N. †PKwU‡Z h_vh_fv‡e Aby‡gv b Kiv nqwb e‡j wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 33 − 34 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: wg. mvgx GKwU exgvc‡Îi AvIZvq Zvi KviLvbvi

kªwgK‡`i Rxeb exgv Ki‡Z Pvb| gvwjK G ai‡bi exgv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †R‡b kªwgKiv Lywk|

33. wg. mvgx †Kvb ai‡bi exgv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb? K. MÖæc exgv L. hyM¥ exgv M. ˆØZ exgv N. eûRxeb exgv 34. G ai‡bi exgvi Le‡i kªwgKiv Lywk Gi KviY- i. G‡Z gvwj‡Ki `vqgyw³ NU‡e ii. GRb c‡KU †_‡K Zv‡ i †Kv‡bv wcÖwgqvg w ‡Z n‡e bv iii. g„Zz ev yN©UbvRwbZ Kvi‡Y Avw_©K y ©kvi

jvNe NU‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 35 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: gvjØxc †_‡K BZvwji †fwbm e›`‡i hvIqvi †ÿ‡Î

†Zjevnx GKwU RvnvR exgv Pzw³ K‡i| cw_g‡a¨ Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb wbw`©ó e›`‡i bv wfwo‡q RvnvR Ab¨ e›`‡i wfovq| H e›`‡i RvnvRwU `yN©Ubvi wkKvi nq|

35. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †bŠ exgvcÎ msMÖn Kiv n‡qwQj?

K. fvmgvb L. e„nr SyuwKi M. hvÎvi N. wgkª 36. DÏxc‡K Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb †bŠ exgv Pzw³i †Kvb

ai‡bi kZ© f½ K‡i‡Qb? K. e¨³ L. Ae¨³ M. wbw ©ó N. g~L¨ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 37 − 38 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: Rbve Bmjvg 50,000 UvKvq †Kbv GKwU wPÎKg©

cieZ©x evRvig~j¨ hvB †nvK bv †Kb 1,00,000 UvKvq AwMœexgv K‡ib| Av¸b †j‡M wPÎwU 25% webó n‡q hvq|

37. Rbve Bmjvg †Kvb ai‡bi AwMœexgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb?

K. g~j¨vwqZ L. Ag~j¨vwqZ M. wbw ©ó N. MocoZv 38. Rbve Bmjvg exgv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ UvKv

ÿwZc~iY cv‡e? K. 1,00,000 L. 50,000 M. 25,000 N. 12,500 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 39 − 40 bs cÖ‡kœi

DËi `vI: wg. †PŠayix d¬ vU wKb‡eb| GRb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K FY

wb‡jb| †iwRw÷ª K‡i d¬ vU eÜK QvovI µqK…Z wKQz †kqvi I eÛ RvgvbZ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q|

39. wg. †PŠayix M„nxZ FY wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi? K. bM` FY L. evwYwR¨K FY M. †fv³v FY N. `wjwj FY 40. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ RvgvbZ †Kvb ai‡bi? K. `Ljnxb eÜK L. AwZwi³ RvgvbZ M. c~e© Z¡ N. mvaviY eÜK




346

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (RqcyinvU miKvwi K‡jR) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. †KvbwU e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK KvR? K. A_© ’vbvšÍi L. A_© wewbgq M. AvgvbZ MÖnY N. FY cÖ vb 2. †KvbwU evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖewZ©Z †bvU bq? K. 20 UvKv L. 10 UvKv M. 5 UvKv N. 2 UvKv 3. †Kvb e¨vsK RvgvbZ QvovB FY †`q? K. Kg©ms ’vb e¨vsK L. MÖvgxY e¨vsK M. K…wl e¨vsK N. eª vK e¨vsK 4. evsjv‡`‡k GK UvKvi †bvU Bmy K‡i †K? K. gnveë ’vcK L. A_©mwPe M. MfY©i N. A_©gš¿x 5. Biv‡bi †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx? K. w` e¨vsK gviKvRx L. †eb‡KvWv gvi‡KvwR M. e¨vsK gviKvRx N. e¨vsK gvmKvb 6. †KvbwU †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? K. ê‡`wkK wewbgq L. wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡

cvjb M. gy ªvi cÖPjb N. FY wbqš¿Y

7. DËiv e¨vs‡Ki c~e©myix e¨vsK K. w` wcÖwgqvi e¨vsK wjwg‡UW L. w` B÷vY© e¨vsK K‡c©v‡ikb wjwg‡UW M. w` BDwbqb e¨vsK wjwg‡UW N. w` B÷vY© gv‡K©›UvBj e¨vsK wjwg‡UW 8. †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? K. wewbgq nvi wba©viY L. AvgvbZ msMÖn M. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó N. FY`vb

9. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Zvi‡jï nvi K. 18% L. 18.5% M. 19% N. 19.5%

10. GKwU êa †P‡Ki †gqv` KZw`b _v‡K? K. 30 w`b L. 60 w`b M. 120 w`b N. 180 w`b 11. †P‡Ki Av‡`óv †K? K. cÖvcK L. evnK M. †PK cÖ ÍyZKvix N. aviK 12. †Kvb ai‡bi wnmv‡e e¨vsK †PK eB Bmy K‡i bv? K. ê‡`wkK wnmve L. ’vqx wnmve M. mÂqx wnmve N. PjwZ wnmve

13. e¨vsK Gi g~jbxwZ n‡jv

i. g~j¨‡eva m„wó

ii. mZZv

iii. ¯”QjZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

14. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †kªwYfy³ n‡jv i. RbZv e¨vsK ii. Bmjvgx e¨vsK iii. Gwe e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I

iii 15. †K› ªxq e¨vsK †h Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g gy ªvùxwZ n«vm K‡i

i. e¨vsK nvi evwo‡q ii. Rgvi nvi evwo‡q iii. e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii

I iii




347

16. mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv

i. †bvU Bmy KiY ii. wbKvkN‡ii `vwqZ¡ iii. Znwej msiÿY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I iii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 17. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv i. FY wbqš¿Y ii. AvgvbZ MÖnY iii. FY`vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 18. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Av‡qi Drm n‡jv i. Ae‡jLb wd ii. F‡Yi my iii. †UªRvwi wej wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 19. ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv †K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? i. evnK ii. cÖvcK iii. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 20. `vMKvUv †P‡K hv †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i i. e¨vs‡Ki bvg I e¨w³i bvg ii. cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡e cÖ‡`q iii. n ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Avngv` mv‡ne GKRb e¨vsKvi| Zv‡ì

e¨vswKs Kvh©µg mviv evsjv‡`‡k we¯Í„Z| mviv we‡k¦ A_©‰bwZK g›`v †`Lv †Ìqvq Zvi cÖfve D³ e¨vs‡KI Abyf~Z n‡”Q| d‡j Zv‡ì e¨vsKwU B`vwbs Zvij¨ m¼‡U fyM‡Q|

21. Rbve Avngv` mv‡n‡ei e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. †PBb e¨vsK L. MÖæc e¨vsK M. GKK e¨vsK N. kvLv e¨vsK

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. kivdZ †nv‡mb †mvbvjx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW RqcyinvU

kvLvi Bmy Kiv 1 jÿ UvKvi GKwU `vMKvUv †PK wb‡q mivmwi †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki D³ kvLvq UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z †M‡j e¨vsK A_© cÖ vb bv K‡i Zv‡K D³ †PKwU

Zvi wb‡Ri wnmv‡e Rgv Ki‡Z e‡j| wg. †nv‡mb ZLb D³ †PK Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW Gi eo‡Mvjv kvLvq Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv w`‡jb|

22. †mvbvjx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW I Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW Gi ga¨Kvi †jb‡`b wb®úwË‡Z Kvi mn‡hvwMZv Acwinvh©?

K. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki L. Bmjvgx e¨vs‡Ki

M. wbKvk N‡ii N. miKv‡ii

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Avj-Avivdvn& Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW GKwU cwiwPZ

e¨vsK| G e¨vsK gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| g~jab MV‡b G e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q|

23. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e vsKwU evsjv‡ ‡ki †Kvb ai‡bi e vsK? K. †K› ªxq e¨vsK L. miKvwi e¨vsK

M. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e¸ovi Gwkqvi myBUwgU Gi `B eëmvqx Zvi

cÖwZôv‡b `ya mieivnKvix Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg‡K 10,000 UvKvi GKwU evnK †PK cÖ vb K‡ib| †P‡K cÖ Ë ¯vÿi wgj bv _vKvq e¨vsK D³ †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ v‡b AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i|

24. Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg‡K †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ vb bv Kiv‡K e¨vs‡Ki fvlvq Kx ejv nq?

K. cÖZviYv L. cÖZ¨vL¨vb M. cÖZ¨vnvi N. evwZj 25. †Kvb ai‡bi exgvi ga¨ w`‡q exgv eëmvq hvÎv ïiæ

K‡i?

K. AwMœexgv L. †bŠexgv M. Rxebexgv N. yN©Ubvexgv 26. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v‡_©i h_v_© msÁv †KvbwU? K. exgvi welqe Íy‡Z exgvKvixi gvwjKvbv ¯Z¡ L. exgvi welqe Íy‡Z exgvMÖnxZvi gvwjKvbv ¯Z¡ M. exgvi welqe Íy‡Z exgvKvixi Avw_©K ¯v_©

N. exgvi welqe Íy‡Z exgvMÖnxZvi Avw_©K ¯v_© 27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU exgvi D‡Ïk¨?

K. SzuwK eÈb L. SzuwK wbg~©j M. SzuwK wbqš¿Y N. SzuwK m„wó




348

28. Rxeb exgv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³?

K. Rxeb iÿvKvix Pzw³ L. wbðqZvi Pzw³ M. ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ N. SzuwK eÈ‡bi Pzw³ 29. exgv MÖnxZvi g„Zz NU‡jB †Kej †h exgv `vwe c~iY

Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. AvRxeb exgv L. †gqv` exgv M. mvgwqK exgv N. Rxeb exgv 30. †Kvb exgv ÿwZc~i‡Yi exgv bq? K. AwMœexgv L. †bŠexgv

M. mvaviY exgv N. Rxeb exgv 31. †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK wec` Gi AšÍfy©³? K. Rvnv‡R Av¸b jvMv L. cY¨ wb‡ÿc

M. R‡jv”Q¡&vm N. Rj`my Zv 32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †bŠexgv Pzw³ ewnf~©Z?

K. ’jvwfwl³KiY L. Avw_©K wbðqZv M. ÿwZ wb®‹„wZ N. AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨

33. exgvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv i. g~jab MVb ii. SzuwK n«vm iii. cybM©Vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 34. exgvi KvR n‡jv i. wbðqZv weavb ii. SzuwK eÈb iii. ÿwZc~iY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 35. Rxebexgv Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o i. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© ii. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© iii. ’jvwfwl³KiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 36. †bŠexgvi Ae¨³ k‡Z©i welqe Íy n‡Z cv‡i i. hvÎvi mgq ii. hvÎvi êaZv iii. Rvnv‡Ri mgy‡`ª PjvPj †hvM¨Zv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

37. †bŠexgvq exgv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡i i. Rvnv‡Ri ÿwZ n‡j ii. RvnvR gvwj‡Ki ÿwZ n‡j iii. RvnvRw ’Z c‡Yï ÿwZ n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 38bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: exgv eëmv‡qi DrcwË m¤ú‡K© mwVK †Kv‡bv BwZnvm

cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e gvbyl Rxe‡bi bvbv SzuwK I AwbðqZv Ges eëmv-evwY‡Rï bvbv cÖwZK~jZv Avw_©Kfv‡e †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q G exgv eë ’v|

38. exgv eëmv‡qi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? K. ªæZ Avw_©K DbœwZ Kiv L. k„•Ljv weavb Kiv M. A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ Kiv N. Avw_©Kfv‡e SzuwK †gvKvwejv Kiv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 39bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve ingZ Djøvn& Zvi eÜz I eëmv‡qi Askx`vi

Rbve BqvKze Avjxi Rxebexgv Ki‡Z PvB‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡Z Am¤§wZ Ávcb K‡i| A_P D³ †Kv¤úvwb Rbve ingZ Djøvn& Gi ¿xi Rxebexgv Ki‡Z m¤§wZ cÖKvk K‡i|

39. Rbve ingZ Djøvn& Zvi eÜzi Rxebexgv Ki‡Z PvB‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb m¤§Z nqwb †Kb?

K. Rbve BqvKze ïay eÜz bb Askx`viI L. Rbve ingZ Djøvn& `xN©w`b wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kva

Ki‡eb bv M. eÜzi Rxe‡b exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© _v‡K bv N. Rbve ingZ Djøvn Gi AwfcÖvq m‡›`nRbK wQj wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 40bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Avwid Rvcvb †_‡K Mvwo Avg`vwb K‡ib|

GK jÿ UvKv wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kva K‡i mgy`ª c‡_ cwievwnZ Mvwoi GK †KvwU UvKv ch©šÍ ÿwZc~i‡Yi kZ© wZwb GKwU exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Pzw³e× n‡jb|

40. Rbve Avwi‡di M„nxZ exgvcÎwU †Kvb cÖK…wZi? K. hvÎv exgvcÎ L. †bŠexgvcÎ M. mvaviY exgvcÎ N. AwMœexgvcÎ




349

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (Kzwgjøv miKvwi K‡jR) welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ



1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡k¦i cÖ_g cÖvwZôvwbK e¨vsK? K. e¨vsK Ae ev‡m©‡jvbv L. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ M. kvwá e¨vsK N. w` wn› y ’vb e¨vsK 2. e¨vsK nj Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb hv i. AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i ii. FY`vb K‡i iii. A‡_©i wbivcËv weavb K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 3. MÖvgxY e¨vsK GKwU K. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK L. eÜKx e¨vsK M. miKvwi e¨vsK N. †PBb e¨vsK 4. †mvbvjx e vsK wg. ivqnvb‡K GK jÿ UvKv FY gÄyi

Ki‡jv| F‡Yi UvKv ivqnv‡bi e vsK wnmv‡e Rgv nj| ivqnvb cÂvk nvRvi UvKv DwV‡q LiP Ki‡jb| Aewkó cÂvk nvRvi UvKv e vs‡Ki

K. FY L. FY AvgvbZ M. AvgvbZ N. †Kv‡bvwU bq wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 5 − 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: †cvkvK ißvwbKviK wg. ingv‡bi Exim Bank G

50 jÿ UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| bZzb AW©v‡ii R‡b¨ UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq wZwb e¨vs‡Ki wbqgKvbyb AbymiY K‡i 60 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib|

5. wg. ingv‡bi M„nxZ 10 jÿ UvKv F‡Yi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi mv „k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq?

K. eëmvi FY L. bM` FY M. eÜKx FY N. RgvwZwi³ FY 6. D³ F‡Yi gva¨‡g e„w× cv‡e i. cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg ii. †`‡ki Kg©ms ’vb iii. wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

7. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ejvi KviY- K. FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i L. AvgvbZK…Z A_© †_‡K FY`vb K‡i M. †h †Kvb mgq A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K N. FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i 8. †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR †KvbwU? K. A_© I F‡Yi Kvg¨¯Íi wbwðZKiY L. gy ªvùxwZ †iv‡a eë ’v MÖnY M. evRv‡i A_© mieivn evov‡bv N. wewbgq nv‡ii w ’wZkxjZv cÖwZôv Kiv

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 9 − 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: wg. ReŸvi mv‡ne wg. kwdK mv‡n‡ei wbKU †_‡K GK

jÿ UvKvi †mvbvjx e¨vsK K‡cv©‡iU kvLv Kzwgjøvi GKwU †PK MZ 5 gvP© 2012 Zvwi‡L †c‡jb| wZwb eëmvwqK Kv‡R we‡`‡k Ae ’vb †k‡l 10 A‡±vei 2012 Zvwi‡L †`‡k G‡m †PKwU RbZv e¨vsK, Kvw›ìcvo kvLvq Rgv w`‡Z hvb|

9. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †PKwU‡K e vsK †Kvb ai‡bi †PK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡e?

K. evnK †PK L. ûKzg †PK M. `vMKvUv †PK N. evwm †PK 10. †PKwU Bmy i mgq hw 10 A‡±vei 2011 ZvwiL wjLv nq

Z‡e †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi †PK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Zv?

K. c~e©eZ©x Zvwi‡Li †PK L. cieZ©x Zvwi‡Li †PK

M. evwm †PK N. evnK †PK

11. †PK‡K cÖvPxbhy‡M ¯Y©Kvi †kªwY cÖewZ©Z †Kvb wjwLZ c‡Îi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq?

K. D‡Ëvjb `wjj L. D‡Ëvjb wPUv

M. A½xKvi cÎ N. D‡Ëvjb cÎ

12. e¨vsK nvi e„w×i KviY Kx?

K. wewfbœ eÛ I FYc‡Îi g~jë„w×

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350

M. e¨emvqx‡ i AwaK cwigvY FY MÖn‡Y wbiærmvwnZ cÖ vb

N. ißvwbgyLx wk‡í Avw_©K mnvqZv `vb

13. †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msL¨vZ¥K FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ n‡jv-

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ii. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ

iii. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ


K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

14. RgvwZwi³ FY MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?

K. PjwZ wnmve _vK‡Z n‡e

L. PjwZ wnmve I we‡kl Pzw³ _vK‡Z n‡e

M. †h †Kvb e vsK wnmve _vK‡jB Pj‡e

N. e vsK wnmve _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB

15. ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ †`‡ki AbyK~‡j _vK‡j wewbgq nvi-

i. n«vm cvq

ii. e„w× cvq

iii. n«vm ev e„w× cvq bv


K. i L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 16. †h Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g Znwej ’vbvšÍi Ges AvgvbZ wnmve

n‡Z A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq Zv‡K ejv nq

K. †WweU KvW© L. †µwWU KvW©

M. gv÷vi KvW© N. VISA 17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU T.T Gi c~Y©iƒc?

K. Transfer Teaching L. Travellers Transport M. Telephonic Transfer N. Teachers Training 18. GKwU †P‡K ev‡g Dcwifv‡M ywU †iLv AvovAvwo †U‡b

gvSLv‡b †Kv‡bv e vs‡Ki bvg wjLv n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq

K. vMKvUv †PK L. we‡klfv‡e vMKvUv †PK

M. mvaviYfv‡e vMKvUv †PK N. evnK †PK

19. wW.wc.Gm GKwU K. †PKwenxb mÂqx wnmve L. †PKmn mÂqx wnmve M. ’vqx wnmve N. ’vqx wnmve

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 20 − 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: wg‡mm. Rvnvbviv †eMg GKRb M„wnYx| iƒcvjx e vsK,

g‡bvnicyi kvLvq Zuvi GKwU e vsK wnmve i‡q‡Q| weMZ 5/6 eQ‡i Zuvi wnmv‡e cÖvq jÿvwaK UvKv Rgv i‡q‡Q| GgZve ’vq wZwb fve‡Qb, D³ A_© †Kv_vq ivL‡eb?

20. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wnmvewU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. PjwZ wnmve L. ’vqx wnmve

M. DPS N. mÂqx wnmve

21. mwÂZ GK jÿ UvKv wZwb ivL‡Z cv‡ib i. ¯’vqx wnmv‡e ii. PjwZ wnmv‡e iii. mÂqx wnmv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. †KvbwU bq

22. evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK wjwg‡UW GKwU K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. eÜKx e¨vsK M. wkí e¨vsK N. Avg`vwb ißvwb e¨vsK 23. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A-ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK? K. Iqvb e¨vsK wjwg‡UW L. nvwee e¨vsK wjwg‡UW M. Iqvwi e¨vsK wjwg‡UW N. †cÖwm‡WwÝ e¨vsK

wjwg‡UW 24. wb‡Pi †KvbwU NU‡j ¯vfvweKfv‡eB e¨vsK wnmve eÜ

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351

M. Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv N. †¯”Qv mvq 27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤úwË exgv? K. ¯v¯’ exgv L. †hŠ_ exgv M. †bŠ exgv N. †eKviZ¡ exgv 28. Amy ’Zv exgv wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi exgvi AšÍfy©³? K. Rxeb exgv L. mvgvwRK exgv M. `vq exgv N. m¤úwË

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 29 − 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: wg. Rv‡n` Zvi ¸`v‡g iwÿZ cuvP jÿ UvKvi

gvjvgv‡ji R‡b¨ exgv Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡jv| ¸`v‡g Av¸b †j‡M gvjvgvj cy‡o †M‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb wg. Rv‡n`‡K cuvP jÿ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb Ki‡jv| wKšÍy Rv‡n` †`Lj †h ¸`v‡g cÖvq GK jÿ UvKvi gvjvgvj AÿZ Ae ’vq i‡q †M‡Q|

29. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z exgvwU †Kvb ai‡bi exgv Pzw³ wQj? K. AwMœ exgv L. †PŠh©exgv M. `yN©Ubv exgv N. m¤úwË exgv 30. ÿwZc~iY cwi‡kv‡ai ci ¸`v‡gi hveZxq gvjvgvj

exgv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b P‡j hv‡e| wb‡Pi †Kvb bxwZ G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨?

K. wbivcËv bxwZ L. ÿwZc~iY bxwZ M. ªæZ vwe cwi‡kva bxwZ N. ’jvwfwl³Zvi bxwZ

31. Rxeb exgv Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o i. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯v_© ii. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© iii. ’jvwfwl³KiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 32 − 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: wg. kv‡n` GKRb GbwRI Kg©x| †cbkb mywe v bv

_vKvq wZwb GKwU e„wË exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b wbw ©ó mgq c‡i †cbk‡bi g‡Zv UvKv cvIqv hvq| wcÖwgqvgI Kg weavq wZwb LyeB mšÍyó|

32. wg. kv‡n` †Kvb ai‡bi e„wË exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K. mvgwiK L. wejw¤Z M. wbw ©ó N. Aemi 33. Zv‡K Kg wcÖwgqvg w`‡Z n‡”Q| Gi KviY i. G‡Z g„Zz SzuwK AšÍfy©³ _v‡K bv ii. G‡Z RgvK…Z A_©B g~jZ †diZ †`qv nq iii. wg. kv‡n` ¯í †eZ‡b PvKzwi K‡ib

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 34. me©cÖ_g Rxeb exgv cÖwZôvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K. Hand in Hand L. Pelican M. Amicable Society N. Part Assurance Co. Ltd wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 35 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi vI: wgbnvR mgy ªc‡_ wewfbœ cY ißvwb K‡ib| gv‡S g‡a¨B

mvgyw ªK S‡o gvjvgv‡ji e vcK ÿwZmvwaZ nq| GgZve ’vq Zvi GK eÜz Zv‡K †bŠ exgv Kivi civgk© † b|

35. wgbnvR‡K Zuvi eÜz †Kb †bŠ exgv Kivi R‡b civgk© w ‡jb? K. gybvdv e„w×i R‡b¨ L. ÿwZ b~ bZg Kgvi R‡b¨ M. wbwe©‡Nœ e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Kivi R‡b¨ N. ÿwZc~i‡Yi R‡b¨ 36. cybe©xgv †Kvb †kªwYi exgv? K. Rxeb exgv L. m¤úwË exgv M. AÿgZv exgv N. mvgvwRK exgv 37. ˆØZ exgvi †ÿ‡Î _v‡K i. GKvwaK exgvKvix ii. GKRb exgvMÖnxZv iii. GKvwaK m¤úwË wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 38. WvK Rxeb exgvq m‡e©v”P KZ erm‡ii R‡b¨ exgv

Kiv hvq? K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5 39. wPswo exgvq †hme m¤ú` AšÍfy©³ _v‡K, Zv‡K e‡j- i. cÖK‡íi euva ii. wPswoi Lv`¨ mvi iii. hš¿cvwZ I hš¿vsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 40. Mo exgvcÎ Abyhvqx exgv`vwe wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?

K. `~N©UbvKv‡j m¤úwËi cÖK…Z g~j¨

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welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW : 230

mgq : 2 N›Uv 10 wgwbU; c~Y©gvb 60

1. Rbve AvdRvj I Zvi `yB eÜz B÷ e¨vs‡Ki gvwjK| e¨vsKwU GKwUgvÎ Kvh©vj‡qi gva¨‡g e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| e¨vsKwU‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wewae× wiRvf© msiÿY Ki‡Z nq bv| B`vwbs Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ e¨vsKwUi AvšÍte¨vswKs †jb‡`b †e‡o †M‡Q| Gme †jb‡`b wb¯úwËi Rb¨ e¨vsKwU mivmwi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbgvkNi myweav †bIqvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| K. e¨vswKs Kx? L. wgkÖ e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. MVb KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wbKvkNi myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ B÷ e¨vs‡Ki KiYxq mycvwik Ki| 2. evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z Pvq| ZvB e¨vsKwU †kqvi evRvi †_‡K c~‡e©i Zzjbvq AwaK cwigv‡Y †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µq Kivi wm×všÍ †bq| K. wewae× wiRvf© Kx? L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY `v‡bi †kl Avkªq ’j ejv nq †Kb? M. DÏxc‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi †Kvb msNvZ¨K c×wZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. FY cÖev‡n †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wm×v‡šÍi cÖfve DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 3. m¤úªwZ †gNbv e¨vsK mKj kvLvq GKwU wb‡ ©kbv Rvwi K‡i| wb‡ ©kbv Abyhvqx gÄyiK„Z F‡Yi A_© bM‡` bv w`‡q FYMÖnxZvi ÔAvgvbZ wnmv‡eÕ-G ’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e| †gNbv e¨vs‡Ki c~evBj kvLv DwjøwLZ wb‡ ©kbv †g‡b P‡j| Z‡e c~evBj kvLv AwaKvsk FYMÖnxZvi wbKU n‡Z cÖ Ë F‡Yi A_© Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K. g~ ªvi wewbgq nvi Kx? L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kxfv‡e wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g m„wó K‡i? M. †gNbv e¨vsK KZ…©K m¤úªwZ RvwiK…Z wb‡ ©kbvi d‡j †Kvb ai‡bi AvgvbZ m„wó n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. c~evBj kvLvi Kg©Kv‡Ð evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb g~jbxwZ jw•NZ n‡q‡Q| 4. Rbve Rvgvj Zvi cvIbv`vi mvjvg‡K 04/01/2012 Zvwi‡L GKwU †PK Bmy K‡i| †P‡Ki evg †Kvbvq ywU mgvšÍivj †iLv †U‡b †`b| mvjvg‡K wPwKrmvi Rb¨ we‡`k †h‡Z nq| ZvB Rvgv‡ji wbKU n‡Z cÖvß †PKwU UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ 04/07/2012 Zvwi‡L e¨vs‡K Dc ’vcb K‡ib| e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| K. †P‡Ki Av‡`óv †K? L. †P‡Ki n ÍvšÍi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †Kvb cÖKv‡ii `vMKvUv †PK? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vsK KZ…©K †PK cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 5. cÙv e¨vsK c~e© Z¡ eÜ‡Ki AvIZvq Rbve mRj‡K 15 erm‡ii Rb¨ FY gÄyi K‡i| kZ© Abyhvqx Rbve mR‡ji †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU eÜK wnmv‡e e¨vs‡Ki `L‡j Av‡Q| wbqwgZ wKw Í cwi‡kv‡a Rbve mRj AcviM nb| e¨vsK †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU wewµi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Zi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv K‡i| Av`vjZ mR‡ji c~e© ^ Í¡ eÜKwUi aib we‡ePbv K‡i e¨vs‡Ki Av‡e`b evwZj K‡i| K. e¨vsK WªvdU Kx?



eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ †evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

351

L. F‡Yi wecix‡Z e¨vsK †Kb RvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i? M. †gqv‡ì wfwË‡Z Rbve mR‡ji FYwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki eÜKwU †Kvb ai‡bi c~e©¯Z¡wewkó nIqvq e vsK †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i wb? hyw³ `vI| 6. 6 ermi c~Y© nIqvq Zzwj ¯‹z‡j fwZ© n‡q‡Q| Zzwji evev Zzwji covïbvi fwel¨r e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ GKwU wegv Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| wegvPzw³ m¤úv`‡bi mgq Zzwji evev Zzwj‡K Pzw³i cÖ ÍveKvix cÿ wnmv‡e AšÍf~©³ Ki‡Z Pvb| wegv †Kv¤úvbx Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| ZvB Zzwji evev cª ÍveKvix wnmv‡e Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡ib| K. êa cÖwZ`vb Kx? L. km¨wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. DÏxc‡Ki wegvwU †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegv e¨vK¨v Ki| N. wegvPzw³i †Kvb Dcv vb we‡ePbvi wegv †Kv¤úvbx Zzwj‡K cÖ ÍveKvix cÿ wnmv‡e AšÍf~©³ K‡iwb? hyw³ vI| 7. Rbve mv¾v` GKwU Rxeb wegv Pzw³ K‡i‡Qb| Pyw³‡Z wZwb Zvi ¿x‡K g‡bvbqb †`b| ZvQvov Pzw³i kZ©g‡Z mv¾v`‡K g„Zz i c~e© ch©šÍ wbw`©ó nv‡i wcÖwgqvg w`‡Z n‡e| 5 ermi wbqwgZ wKw Í cÖ v‡bi ci mv¾v` gviv hvb| g„Zz i ci Zvi ¿x Ges mvevjK †Q‡j mvevi c„_Kfv‡e wegv †Kv¤úvbxi wbKU wegv `vex K‡i| wegv †Kv¤úvwb mvev‡ii `vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Ges ¿x‡K wegv `vex cwi‡kv` K‡i †`q| K. exgv Kx? L. g„Zz nvicwÄ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. DÏxc‡Ki wegvwU †Kvb ai‡bi Rxeb wegv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wegv †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©K mvev‡ii wegv `vex cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 8. Avjg RvnvR †Kv¤úvwbi 5wU RvnvR Av‡Q| Zviv me¸‡jv RvnvR‡K GKwU wegvi AvIZvq †i‡L ÔARvšÍv wegv †Kv¤úvbxÕi mv‡_ 5 erm‡ii Rb¨ GKwU Pzw³ K‡i| Pzw³ Abyhvqx RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx cÖwZwU RvnvR hvÎvi mgq wegv †Kv¤úvbx‡K AewnZ Ki‡e| m¤úªwZ GKwU RvnvR hvÎvi mgq wegv †Kv¤úvbx‡K AewnZ Ki‡e| m¤úªwZ GKwU RvnvR hvÎvc‡_ APj n‡q c‡o| Z`‡šÍ cÖgvwYZ nq, hvÎvi mg‡qB RvnvRwUi mgy‡ ª PjvP‡ji †hvM¨Zv wQjbv| RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx wegv `vex Dc ’vcb K‡i| wegv †Kv¤úvbx `vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| K. wcÖwgqvg Kx? L. exgv Pzw³‡K †Kb ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv nq? M. Avjg RvnvR †Kv¤úvbxi wegvcÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi †bŠwegvcÎ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ae¨³ k‡Z©i Av‡jv‡K wegv †Kv¤úvbxi `vex cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi welqwU g~j¨vqb Ki| 9. wg. ivZzj GKwU KviLvbvi Rb¨ ÒmvbmvBbÓ Ges ÒmvD_B÷Ó bvgK ywU wegv †Kv¤úvbxi mv‡_ AwMœwegv Pzw³ K‡i| GKwU yN©Ubvq ivZz‡ji KviLvbvq 1 jÿ UvKvi m¤úwË ÿwZMÖ Í nq| Pzw³g‡Z Dfq †Kv¤úvbx †hŠ_fv‡e Rbve ivZzj‡K mgvb nv‡i †gvU 1 jÿ UvKvB ÿwZc~iY †`q| cieZx© mg‡q ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwË Rbve ivZzj 20 nvRvi UvKvq wewµ K‡i †`b| msev` †c‡q Dfq †Kv¤úvbx GB weµq g~‡jï Dci `vex Dc ’vcb K‡i| K. AwMœRwZ ˆbwZK SuzwK Kx? L. `vqwegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. exgvPzw³i †Kvb bxwZi Av‡jv‡K Dfq wegv †Kv¤úvwb ivZzj‡K ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÿwZMÖ Í mgvwßi weµq g~‡jï Dci Dfq †Kv¤úvbxi `vexi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki|




352

bgybv DËi

GBPGmwm cixÿv 2013 welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ (m„Rbkxj)

welq †KvW : 230 mgq : 2 N›Uv 10 wgwbU; c~Y©gvb 60

DËicÎ g~j¨vqb we‡eP¨ welqmg~n: • cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi GKwU bgybv DËi †Ìqv Av‡Q| cixÿv_©xi DËi ûeû bgybv DË‡ii gZ PvIqv cÖZ¨vwkZ nq|

cixÿv_©xi DËi bgybv DË‡ii †P‡q fvj, mggv‡bi ev Lvivc n‡Z cv‡i| • cÖ Ë bgybv DË‡ii weKí †Kv‡bv mwVK DËiI _vK‡Z cv‡i| DËicÎ g~j¨vqbKvix‡K cixÿv_©xi mwVK

weKí DËi we‡ePbvq G‡b b¤i cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e| • DËi †jLvi †ÿ‡Î cixÿv_©x kãPqb, evK¨MVb I Dc ’vcb †KŠkj bgybv DËi †_‡K wfbœ nIqv ¯vfvweK| • `ÿZv Í‡ii (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZv) Dci wfwË K‡i b¤i cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e| cixÿv_©x

cÖZ¨vwkZ `ÿZv Íi Abyhvqx wjL‡Z cvi‡j H `ÿZv Í‡ii Rb¨ eivÏK…Z c~Y© b¤i cv‡e| †mRb¨ 12

(A‡a©K) b¤i †Ìqv hv‡e bv| 1.K Ávb e¨vsK †h mKj Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i Zvi mgwóB n‡jv e¨vswKs| e¨vsK mvaviYZ MÖvn‡Ki A_©

msiÿY, cwi‡kva, ’vbvšÍi, FY`vb I Ab¨vb¨ MÖvnK †mevg~jK KvR m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| L. Abyaveb †h e¨vsK GKB mv‡_ evwYwR¨K I we‡klvwqZ e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i Zv‡K wgkÖ

e¨vsK e‡j| evwYwR¨K Kvh©vejx ej‡Z eëmvq evbx‰Rï RwoZ MÖvnK‡ì Rb¨ e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx eySvq Ab¨w`‡K e¨vsK GKwU we‡kl LvZ‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: K…wl LvZ‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i|

Ávb †h e¨vsK GKB mv‡_ evwYwR¨K I we‡klvwqZ e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i Zv‡K wgkÖ e¨vsK e‡j|

M. cÖ‡qvM MVb KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU GKK e¨vsK| †h e¨vsK GKwU gvÎ Awd‡mi gva¨‡g Zvi mKj e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K GKK e¨vsK e‡j| G e¨vs‡Ki †Kv_vI †Kvb kvLv _v‡K bv| DÏxc‡Ki B÷ e¨vs‡Ki GKwU gvÎ Kvh©vjq| GB Kvh©vjq †_‡K e¨vsKwU Zv‡ì hveZxq e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| Zv‡ì Ab¨ †Kv_vI †Kvb kvLv †bB| ZvB B÷ e¨vsKwU GKwU GKK e¨vsK|

Abyaveb MVb KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU GKK e¨vsK| †h e¨vsK GKwU gvÎ Awd‡mi gva¨‡g Zvi mKj e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K GKK e¨vsK e‡j| G e¨vs‡Ki †Kv_vI †Kvb kvLv _v‡K bv|

Ávb MVb KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU GKK e¨vsK|




353

N. D”PZi `ÿZv

wbKvk Mi myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ B÷ e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK n‡Z n‡e| GKwU †`‡ki †h mKj e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msiwÿZ ZvwjKvi AšÍf©~³ n‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i †m mKj e¨vsKB n‡jv ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK| DÏxc‡Ki B÷ e¨vsKwU GKwU A-ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK| Zviv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wewae× wiRvf© msiÿY K‡i bv| GRb¨ Zviv wbKvk Ni myweav cvq bv| ZvB B÷ e¨vsK wbKvk Ni myweav †c‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfy³ n‡Z n‡e|

cÖ‡qvM wbKvk Ni myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ B÷ e¨vsK‡K ZvwjKvf~³ n‡Z n‡e| GKwU †`‡ki †h mKj e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msiwÿZ ZvwjKvq AšÍf©~³ n‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i †m mKj e¨vsKB n‡jv ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK| DÏxc‡Ki B÷ e¨vsKwU GKwU A-ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK| Zviv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wewae× wiRvf© msiÿY K‡i bv| GRb¨ Zviv wbKvk Ni myweav cvq bv| ZvB B÷ e¨vsK wbKvk Ni myweav †c‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K †K› ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvf~³ n‡Z n‡e|

Abyaveb wbKvk Ni myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ B÷ e¨vsK‡K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK n‡Z n‡e| GKwU †`‡gi †h mKj e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msiwÿZ ZvwjKvi AšÍf©~³ n‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i †m mKj e¨vsKB n‡jv ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK|

Ávb wbKvk Ni myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ B÷ e¨vsK‡K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK n‡Z n‡e| A_ev †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K iwÿZ ZvwjKvi AšÍfz©³ n‡Z n‡e| A_ev †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨ n‡Z n‡e|

2.K Ávb ZvwjKvf~³ evwYwR¨wK e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Gi Avgvb‡Zi †h Ask †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K bM‡` ev Zij m¤ú` AvKv‡i eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Rgv ivL‡Z nq Zv‡K wewae× wiRvf© e‡j|

L. Abyaveb GKwU †`‡ki ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK I miKvi hLb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †ÿÎ †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq FY myweav cvq bv ZLb †K› ªxq e¨vsKB F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq ’j wn‡‡me FY myweav cÖ vb K‡i e‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq ’j ejv nq| †K›`ªx e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi wnmv‡e Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K AwffveK e‡j FY `v‡bi †kl AvkÖq ’j wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

Ávb GKwU †`‡ki ZvwjKvf~³ e¨vsK I miKvi hLb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †ÿÎ †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq FY myweav cvq bv ZLb †K› ªxq e¨vsK‡KB F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq ’j wnmv‡e FY myweav cÖ vb K‡i e‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq ’j ejv nq|

M. cÖ‡qvM †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ c×wZ MÖnY K‡i| †K› ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, wej, FYcÎ BZ¨vw` µq-weµ‡qi gva¨‡g FY wbqš¿Y Kiv‡K †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ e‡j| Gi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY`vb mvg_© n«vm e„w× Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †K› ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki gy ªv evRvi wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z Pvq| †kqvi evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, wej FYcÎ BZ¨vw` µq wewµ‡qi gva¨‡g FY wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki gy ªv evRvi wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i|

Abyaveb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ/c×wZ MÖnY K‡i| †K› ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, wej, FYcÎ BZ¨vw` µq-weµ‡qi gva¨‡g FY wbqš¿Y Kiv‡K †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ e‡j| Gi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY`vb mvg_© n«vm-e„w× Kiv nq|

Ávb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †Lvjv evRv‡i bxwZ/c×wZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q|




354

N. D”PZi `ÿZv

†K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †kqvi evRvi †_‡K †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µ‡qi d‡j gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× cv‡e| KviY †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †kqvi evRvi †_‡K eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µq Ki‡j evRv‡i A_© mieivn e„w× cv‡e| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY cÖ vb mvg_© evo‡e hv gy ªvevRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× Ki‡e| DÏxc‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †K› ªxq e¨vsK gy ªv evRv‡ii FY cÖevn wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ †kqvi evRvi †_‡K †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µq K‡i| Gi Gi d‡j †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡j bM` A_© †e‡o hvq Ges Zviv RbMY‡K †ewk cwigvY FY w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †`Lv hvq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wm×v‡šÍ †`‡k FY cÖevn †e‡o hvq| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`kqvi evRvi, eÛ I wmwKDwiwU wewµ Ki‡j wUK Gi wecixZ Ae ’v NU‡e| A_©vr ZLb gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn K‡g hv‡e| ZvB ejv hvq- GB c×wZ‡Z †K› ªxq e¨vsK gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× I n«vm DfqB Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cÖ‡qvM †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †kqvi evRi †_‡K †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µ‡qi d‡j gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× cv‡e| Kvib †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †kqvi evRvi †_‡K eÛ wmwKDwiwU µq Ki‡i evRv‡i A_© mieivn e„w× cv‡e| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨As‡Ki FY cÖ vb mgv_© evo‡e| hv gy ªvevRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× Ki‡e| DÏxc‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †K› ªxq e¨vsK gy ªv evRv‡ii FY cÖevn wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ †kqvi evRvi †_‡K †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µq Ki‡e| Gi d‡j †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡j bM` A_© †e‡o hvq Ges Zviv RbMY‡K †ewk cwigvY FY w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †`Lv hvq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wm×v‡šÍ †`‡k FY cÖevn †e‡o hvq|

Abyaveb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †kqvi evRvi †_‡K †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µ‡qi d‡j gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× cv‡e| KviY †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †kqvi evRvi †_‡K eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µq Ki‡j evRv‡i A_© mieivn e„w× cv‡e| d‡j evwYwR¨wK e¨vs‡Ki FY cÖ vb mvg_© evo‡e hv gy ªvevRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× Ki‡e|

Ávb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †kqvi evRvi †_‡K †emiKvwi eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µ‡qi d‡j gy ªv evRv‡i FY cÖevn e„w× cv‡e|

3.K Ávb †Kvb GKwU †`‡ki gy ªvi hZ msL¨K GKK Øviv Ab¨ GKwU †`‡ki hZ msL¨K GKK wewb‡qvM Kiv hvq Zv‡K gy ªvi wewbgq nvi ejv nq|

L. Abyaveb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †PK, WªvdU, †c-AW©vi, ûwÛ, wewbgq wej, cÖZ¨qcÎ †PK KvW© BZ¨vw` cÖPjb K‡i wewbg‡qi gva¨ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| ewY©Z `wjj¸‡jv A_© bv n‡qI A‡_©i gZ wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e A‡bK †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq| ZvB evwYwR¨K e¨vsK G `wjj¸‡jv w`‡q wewbg‡qi gva¨ m„wó K‡i|

Ávb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †PK, WªvdU, †c-AW©vi, ûwÛ, wewbgq wej, cÖZ¨qcÎ †PK KvW© BZ¨vw` cÖPjb K‡i wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|

M. cÖ‡qvM †gNbv e¨vs‡Ki RvwiK…Z wb‡ ©kbvq FY AvgvbZ m„wó nq| evwYwR¨wK e¨vsK KZ©„K MÖvnK‡K bM` FY bv w`‡q FY MÖnxZvi AvgvbZ wnmv‡e gyÄiK…Z FY ’vbvšÍi K‡i D³ AvgvbZ †_‡K bZzb F‡Yi m„wó Kiv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ÒFY AvgvbZÓ m„wó e‡j| DÏwc‡K †gNbv e¨vsK MÖvnK‡K gÄyiK…Z FY bM‡` bv w`‡q FY MÖnxZvi AvgvbZ wnmv‡e ’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z e‡j| G‡Z e¨vsK wbw`©ó nv‡i Zvij¨ mwÂwZ msiÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ZvB ejv hvq †gNbv




355

e¨vs‡Ki RvwiK…Z wb‡`©kbvq ÒFY AvgvbZÓ m„wó n‡q‡Q| Abyaveb †gNbv e¨vs‡Ki RvwiK…Z wb‡`©kbvq FY AvgvbZ m„wó nq| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K MÖvnK‡K

bM` FY bv w`‡q FY MÖnxZvi AvgvbZ wnmv‡e gÄyiK…Z FY ’vbvšÍi K‡i D³ AvgvbZ †_‡K bZzb F‡Yi m„wó Kiv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ÒFY AvgvbZÓ m„wó e‡j|

Ávb †gNbv e¨vs‡Ki RvwiK…Z wb‡`©kbvq FY AvgbZ m„wó nq| N. D”PZi

`ÿZv c~evBj kvLvi Kg©Kv‡Ð evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wivcËvi bxwZ jw•NZ n‡q‡Q| MÖvnK‡K †h FY gÄyi Kiv nq †m FY wUKgZ †diZ cvIqv hv‡e wKbv Zv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZi AšÍf©~³| DÏxc‡K †gNbv e¨vs‡Ki c~evBj kvLv MÖvnK‡K gÄyiK…Z FY m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| KviY Zviv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ FY gÄy‡ii mgq mZK©Zvi mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡i bvB| wbivcËvi bxwZ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡jv MÖvnK‡`i wbKU †_‡K wUKgZ FY †diZ cvIqv †hZ| wbivcËvi bxwZ‡ZB G K_v ejv Av‡Q †h MÖvnK F‡Yi UvKv †diZ w`‡Z cvi‡e wKbv ev Zvi e¨emv‡qi Ae ’v fvj wKbv Zv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖ‡qvM c~evBj kvLvi Kg©Kv‡Ð evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ jw•NZ n‡q‡Q| ªMvn‡K †h FY gÄyi Kiv nq †m FY wVKgZ †diZ cvIqv hv‡e wKbv Zv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZi AšÍf~©³| DÏxc‡K †gNbv e¨vs‡Ki c~evBj kvLv M ÖvnK‡K gÄyiK…Z FY m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| KviY Zviv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ FY gÄy‡ii mgq mZK©Zvi mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡i bvB|

Abyaveb c~evBj kvLvi Kg©Kv‡Ð evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ jw•NZ n‡q‡Q| MÖvnK‡K †h FY gÄyi Kiv nq †m FY wVKgZ †diZ cvIqv hv‡e wKbv Zv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZi AšÍf©~³|

Ávb Bmjvgcyi kvLvi Kg©Kv‡Ð evwYwR¨wK e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ jw•NZ n‡q‡Q| A_ev, ÔFY`vb bxwZÕ I mwVK DËi n‡Z cv‡i|

4.K Ávb †h e¨w³ †P‡K ¯vÿi cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡K ev †Kvb e¨w³‡K A_© cÖ v‡bi kZ©nxb wb‡`©k cÖ vb K‡i Zv‡K †P‡Ki Av‡`óv e‡j|

L. Abyaveb †P‡Ki aviK hw` wbw`©ó wbqg †g‡b †PKwU Ab¨ cKl‡K Ac©Y K‡i Z‡e Zv‡K †P‡Ki n ÍvšÍi ejv nq| GwU A‡bKUv bM` A‡_©i gZ n ÍvšÍi n‡q _v‡K| †PK Ac©Y© ev c„ôvsK‡bi gva¨‡g n ÍvšÍi Kiv nq|

Ávb †P‡Ki aviK hw` wbw`©ó wbqg †g‡b †PKwU Ab¨ cÿ‡K Ac©Y K‡i Z‡e Zv‡K †P‡Ki n ÍvšÍi ejv nq|

M. cÖ‡qvM DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †PKwU mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK| †Kbbv †P‡Ki mgvšÍivj †iLvi g‡a¨ †Kvb wKQz †jLv nq bvB| hw` †Kvb `vMKvUv †P‡K `v‡Mi gvSLv‡b e¨vsK k‡ãi D‡jøL bv _v‡K ev †Kvb wKQz †jLv bv _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK e‡j| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Rbve Rvgvj KZ©„K Bmy K…Z `vMKvUv †P‡Ki `yB `v‡Mi gv‡S e¨vsK k‡ãi D‡jøL bvB ev vb¨ wKQz †jLv bvB| ZvB ejv hvq Rvgvj KZ©„K Bmy K…Z mvjv‡gi AbyK~‡ji †PKwU GKwU mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK|

Abyaveb DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †PKwU mvaviYev‡e `vMKvUv †PK| †Kbbv †P‡Ki mgvšÍivj †iLvi g‡a¨




356

†Kvb wKQz †jLv bv _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K mv`viYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK e‡j| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Rbve Rvgvj KZ©„K Bmy K…Z `vMKvUv †P‡Ki yB Mv‡ì gv‡S e¨vsK k‡ãi D‡jøL bvB ev Ab¨ wKQz †jLv bvB| ZvB ejv hvq Rvgvj KZ©„K Bmy KZ mvjv‡gi AbyK~‡ji †PKwU GKwU mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK|

Ávb DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †PKwU mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK| N. D”PZi

`ÿZv evwm †P‡Ki Kvi‡Y Rbve mvjv‡gi e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vZ K‡i| cÖ ‘Z Zvwi‡Li ci †_‡K‡ PK fv½v‡bvi AvBbvbyM wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †PK fv½v‡bv bv n‡j D³ †PK‡K evwm †PK e‡j| Avgv‡ì †`‡k GB †gqv` Bmy ZvwiL †_‡K Qq gvm| G mg‡qi c‡ii †Kvb †P‡Ki A_© e¨vsK cÖ vb K‡i bv| DÏxc‡K Rbve mvjv‡gi †PKwU Bmy i ci †_‡K Qq gv‡mi †ewk mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvq e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| evwm †PKwU cÖZ¨vLvb bv K‡i †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv †nj e¨vsK AvBb jw•NZ n‡Zv| ZvB e¨vsK DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ evwm †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i h_v_© KvRB K‡i‡Q|

cÖ‡qvM evwm †P‡Ki Kvi‡Y Rbve mvjv‡gi e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| cÖ ‘Z Zvwi‡Li ci †_‡K †PK fv½v‡bvi AvBbvbyM wbw ©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †PK fv½v‡bv bv n‡j D³ †PK‡K evwm †PK e‡j| Avgv‡ì †`‡k GB †gqv` Bmy ZvwiL †_‡K Qq gvm| G mg‡qi c‡ii †Kvb †P‡Ki A_© e¨vsK cÖ vb K‡i bv| DÏxc‡K Rbve mvjv‡gi †PKwU Bmy i ci †_‡K Qq gv‡mi †ewk mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvq e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|

Abyaveb evwm †P‡Ki Kvi‡Y Rbve mvjv‡gi e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| cÖ ‘Z Zvwi‡Li ci †_‡K †PK fv½v‡bvi AvBbvbyM wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †PK fv½v‡bv bv n‡j D³ †PK‡K evwm †PK e‡j| Avgv‡ì †`‡k GB †gqv` Bmy ZvwiL †_‡K Qqgvm|

Ávb evwm †P‡Ki Kvi‡Y Rbve mvjv‡gi e¨vsK †PKwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| 5.K Ávb e¨vsK WªvdU n‡”Q evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K Bmy K…Z evwYwR¨K `wjj| GwU GKwU wewbg‡qi

gva¨g| WªvdU MÖvnK wba©vwiZ dig c~iY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wdmn UvKv Rgv w`‡j e¨vsK Giƒc `wj‡ji gva¨‡g Zvi Ab¨ †Kvb kvLvi cÖwZ MÖvnK KZ©„K wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ v‡bi wb‡ ©k †`q|

L. Abyaveb FY cÖ v‡bi mgq e¨vsK Fb MÖnxZvi wbKU n‡Z F‡Yi wecix‡Z †h m¤úwË ev M¨vivw›U Rgv/MÖnY K‡i ZvB RvgvbZ| F‡Yi UvKv mgqgZ †diZ cvIqvi Rb¨B e¨vsK Giƒc RvbvgZ iv‡L| MÖvnK FY cwi‡iv‡a e¨_© n‡j e¨vsK RvgvbZ weµq K‡i F‡Yi UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Ávb FY cÖ v‡bi mgq e¨vsK Fb MÖnxZvi wbKU n‡Z F‡Yi wecix‡Z †h m¤úwË ev M¨vivw›U Rgv/MÖnY K‡i ZvB RvgvbZ|

M. cÖ‡qvM `xN© mg‡qi Rb¨ †h FY †`qv nq ZvB `xN© †gqv`x FY| mvaviYZ Giƒc F‡Yi †gqv` Kgc‡ÿ 5 ermi ev Zvi AwaK n‡q _v‡K| DÏxc‡K cÙv e¨vsK Rbve mnR‡K 15 erm‡ii Rb¨ FY cÖ vb K‡i‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq †gqv‡ì wfwË‡Z Rbve mR‡ji FYwUi aiY n‡”Q `xN© †gqv`x FY|

Abyaveb `xN© mg‡qi Rb †h FY †`qv nq ZvB `xN© †gqv`x FY| mvaviYZ Giƒc F‡Yi †gqv` Kgc‡ÿ ermi ev Zvi AwaK n‡q _v‡K|




357

Ávb `xN© †gqv‡ì Rb¨ †h FY †`qv nq ZvB `xN© †gqv`x FY| N. D”PZi

`ÿZv mvaviY c~e© Z¡ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi Ae¨w³K RvgvbZ| G‡ÿ‡Î evsK F‡Yi A_© †diZ bv cvIqv ch©šÍ RvgvbZK…Z m¤úwË AvUK/`Lj ivL‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wg. mRj wbqwgZ wKw Í cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv weavq e¨vsK †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU wewµi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z Av‡e`b K‡i| Av`vjZ c~e© Z¡ eÜKwU aiY we‡ePbv K‡i e¨vs‡Ki Av‡e`b MÖnY K‡i wb| A_©vr c~e© Z¡ wnmv‡e †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU e¨vs‡Ki `L‡j _vK‡jI Gi aiY †h‡nZz mvaviY c~e© Z¡ Ges mvaviY c~e©¯‡Z¡i †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ m¤úwË †h‡nZz wewµ Kiv hvq bv ZvB Av`vjZ weµq AbygwZ †`qwb Ges e¨vsK †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|

cÖ‡qvM mvaviYZ c~e© Z¡ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi Ae¨w³K RvgvbZ| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨vsK F‡Yi A_© †diZ bv cvIqv ch©šÍ RvgvbZK…Z m¤úwË AvUK/`Lj ivL‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| DÏxc‡K e¨vs‡Ki wbKU c~e© Z¡ wnmv‡e Rbve mR‡ji †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU Rgv/`L‡j Av‡Q| Rbve mnR wbqwgZ wKw Í cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv weavq e¨vsK Zvi (mR‡ji) †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU wewµi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z Av‡e`b K‡i| c~e© ‡Z¡i aiY we‡ePbv K‡i Av`vj‡Z e¨vs‡Ki Av‡e`b MÖnY K‡iwb|

Abyaveb mvaviY c~e© Z¡ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi Ae¨w³K RvgvbZ| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨vsK F‡Yi A_© †diZ bv cvIqv ch©šÍ RvgvbZK…Z m¤úwË AvUK/`Lj ivL‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Ávb eÜKwU mvaviY c~e©¯Z¡ wewkó nIqvq e¨vsK †mwfs mvwU©wd‡KU wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| 6.K Ávb Pzw³i †ÿ‡Î Dfq c‡ÿi cÖ Ë ev cÖvß êa Avw_©K ev Abvw_©K myweavB n‡jv êa cÖwZ`vb| L. Abyaveb g‡mï cÖvK…wZK ev AcÖvK…wZK ÿwZi wecixZ cÖwZiÿvg~jK eë ’v MÖn‡Yi exgv n‡jv km¨

exgv| we‡kl K‡i eb¨v, Liv, Lvivc AvenvIqv, †cvKv-gvKo, wewfbœ †ivM, gbyl¨m„ó wec`, wkjv e„wó BZ¨vw` km¨ wegvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq|

Ávb k‡mï cÖvK…wZK ev AcÖvK…wZK ÿwZi wecix‡Z cÖwZiÿvg~jK eë ’v MÖn‡Yi exgv n‡jv km¨ exgv|

M. cÖ‡qvM DÏxc‡Ki exgvwU wkÿve„wË exgv| hLb exgvMÖnxZvi g„Zz i ci ev wbw`©ó mgq AwZµvšÍ n‡j mšÍv‡bi †jLvcovi Rb¨ †h exgvc‡Îi gva¨‡g e„wË cÖvß nq ZvB wkÿve„wË exgv| G‡ÿ‡Î exgv MÖnxZv‡K wbw`©ó nv‡i exgv wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki Zzwji evev Zzwji cov‡kvbvi fwel¨Z e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ G exgvcÎwU MÖnY K‡i| wZwb wbqwgZ wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb K‡ib Ges exgv †Kv¤úvwb Pzw³ Abyhvqx A_© cÖ v‡b cÖwZkÖæwZe×| ZvB GwU GKwU wkÿve„wË exgv|

Abyaveb DÏxc‡Ki exgvwU wkÿve„wË exgv| hLb exgvMÖnxZvi g„Zz i ci ev wbw`©ó mgq AwZµvšÍ n‡j mšÍv‡bi †jLvcovi Rb¨ †h exgvc‡Îi gva¨‡g e„wËcÖvß nq ZvB wkÿve„wË exgv| G‡ÿ‡Î exgv MÖnxZv‡K wbw`©ó nv‡i exgv wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq|

Ávb DÏxc‡Ki exgvwU wkÿve„wË exgv| N. D”PZi

`ÿZv exgv Pzw³i ÒPzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ZvÓDcv`vbwU we‡ePbv K‡i Zzwj‡K cÖ ÍveKvix cÿ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©~³ Kiv nq wb| exgv Pzw³‡Z Dfq c‡ÿi Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z nq| AvBbvbyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ hw` †m ¯‡`kxq AvBb Abyhvqx mvevjK nq, gw Í®‹ weK…wZ bv N‡U Ges AvBbvbyhvqx Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nq|




358

DÏxc‡Ki Zzwji eqm 6 eQi| evsjv‡`‡ki AvB †hvM¨Zv nq bvB| ZvB Zzwj‡K exgv Pzw³i cÖ ÍveKvixi cÿ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bvB| Zzwji eqm Kgc‡ÿ 18 eQi n‡j †m exgv Pzw³i cÖ ÍveKvixi cÿ n‡Z cvi‡Zv|

cÖ‡qvM exgv Pzw³i ÒPzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ZvÓ Dcv`vbwU we‡ePbv K‡i Zzwj‡K cÖ ÍveKvix cÿ wn‡‡me AšÍf©~³ Kiv nqwb| exgv Pzw³‡Z Dfq c‡ÿi Pzw³ m¤úv`v‡bi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z nq| AvBbvbyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ hw` †m ¯‡`kxq AvBb Abyhvqx mvevjK nq, gw Í®‹ weK…wZ bv N‡U Ges AvBbvbyhvqx Zvi Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv nq bvB| ZvB Zzwj‡K exgv Pzw³i cÖ ÍveKvixi cÿ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bvB|

Abyaveb exgv Pzw³i ÒPzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ZvÓ Dcv`vbwU we‡ePbv K‡i Zywj‡K cÖ ÍveKvix cÿ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©~³ Kiv nq wb| exgv Pzw³‡Z Dfq c‡ÿi Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z nq| AvBbvbyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ hw` †m ¯‡`kxq AvBb Abyhvqx mvevjK nq, gw Í®‹ weK…wZ bv N‡U Ges AvBbvbyhvqx Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nq|

Ávb exgv Pzw³i ÒPzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ZvÓ Dcv`vbwU we‡ePbv K‡i Zzwj‡K cÖ ÍveKvix cÿ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©~³ Kiv nqwb|

7.K Ávb exgv n‡jv SzuwKi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K cÖwZiÿvg~jK eë ’v| Gi Øviv mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó SzuwKi cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ SzuwK eÈb Kiv hvq| A_ev †h‡Kvb gwYlxi msÁv|

L. Abyaveb g„Zz nvi cwÄ n‡jv AZxZ g„Zz nv‡ii wfwË‡Z fwel¨r g„Zz nvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ZvwjKv| AZxZ cwimsL¨vb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K †Kvb GjvKvi wbw`©ó eqm mxgvq, cÖwZ nvRvi m¤¢ve¨ g„Z e¨w³i msL¨v Giƒc cÄx‡Z AšÍf©~³ Kiv nq| Rxeb exgvq wewfbœ eq‡mi exgvKvixi wcÖwgqvg wba©vi‡Y g„Zz nvicwÄ eënvi Kiv nq|

Ávb g„Zz nvi cwÄ n‡jv AZxZ g„Zz nv‡ii wfwË‡Z fwel¨r g„Zz nvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ZvwjKv/aviYv|

M. cÖ‡qvM DÏxc‡Ki exgvwU AvRxeb exgv| AvRxeb exgvi †ÿ‡Î exgvMÖnxZv Zvi g„Zzï c~e© ch©šÍ wbw`©ó nv‡i wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb K‡i| exgvMÖnxZvi g„Zz i ci Zvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡K ev DËivwaKvix‡ì wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© exgv †Kv¤úvwb cÖ vb K‡i| DÏxc‡K wg. mv¾v‡ì exgvPzw³i kZ©wU wQj Zvi g„yZï c~e© ch©šÍ wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kv‡ai Ges Zvi g„Zz i ci exgv †Kv¤úvbx Zvi ¿x‡K exgv `vex cwi‡kva K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq †gqv` we‡ePbvq wg. mv¾v‡ì exgvwU AvRxeb exgv|

Abyaveb DÏxc‡Ki exgvwU AvRxeb exgv| AvRxeb exgvi †ÿ‡Î exgvMÖnxZv Zvi g„Zz c~e© ch©šÍ wbw`©ó nv‡i wcÖwgqvg cÖ vb K‡i| exgvMÖnxZvi g„Zz i ci Zvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡K ev DËivwaKvix‡ì wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© exgv †Kv¤úvbx cÖ vb K‡i|

Ávb †gqv` we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki exgvwU AvRxeb exgv| N. D”PZi

`ÿZv exgvPzw³i g‡bvbqb we‡ePbv K‡i exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mvev‡ei exgv `vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| exgv MÖnxZv GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³‡K g‡bvbqb w`‡Z cv‡i| g‡bvbxZ e¨w³B cieZ©x mg‡q exgv`vex Ki‡Z cv‡i| exgvPzw³‡Z g‡bvbq‡bi D‡jøL K‡i bv _vK‡j exgvMÖnxZvi DËivwaKviMb exgv `vex Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K wg. mv¾v` Zvi ¿x‡K g‡bvbqb †`b| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki exgvPzw³‡Z wg.




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mv¾v‡ì ¿xB g‡bvbxZ e¨w³| cÿvšÍ‡i Zvi cyÎ mvev‡ei g‡bvbqb †bB| ZvB ejv hvq exgv †Kv¤úvwbi KZ©„K mvev‡ii exgv `vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb †hŠw³K|

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Abyaveb exgvPzw³i g‡bvbqb we‡ePbv K‡i exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mvev‡ei exgv`vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| exgv MÖnxZv GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³‡K g‡bvbqb w`‡Z cv‡ib| g‡bvbxZ e¨w³B cieZ©x mg‡q exgv`vex Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Ávb exgvPzw³i g‡bvbqb we‡ePbv K‡i exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mvev‡ei exgv`vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| 8.K Ávb exgv Pzw³i †ÿ‡Î exgvKvix SzuwK enb ev A_© cÖ v‡bi †h wbðqZv †`q Zvi wec‡ÿ

exgvMÖnxZv †h A_© cÖ vb K‡i ZvB wcÖwgqvg| GB wcÖwgqvg GKKvwjb ev wKw Í‡Z cÖ Ë n‡Z cv‡i|

L. Abyaveb exgv Pzw³‡Z DwjøwLZ welqe ‘ we‡klZ m¤ú‡ì ÿwZ n‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb exgvMÖnxZv‡K cÖK…wZ ÿwZc~iY †`q| †Kvb Ae ’vqB exgv MÖnxZv‡K jvfevb n‡Z †`qv nq bv| GRb¨ exgvPzw³‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv nq| Z‡e Rxeb exgv‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv nq bv G‡K wbðqZvi Pzw³ ejv nq| KviY GLv‡b ÿwZi cwigvY Avw_©Kev‡e wbY©q m¤¢e bq|

Ávb exgv Pzw³‡Z DwjøwLZ welqe ‘ we‡klZ m¤ú‡ì ÿwZ n‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb exgvMÖnxZv‡K cÖK…Z ÿwZc~iY †`q| †Kvb Ae ’vqB exgv MÖnxZv‡K jvfevb n‡Z †`qv nq bv| GRb exgv Pzw³‡Z ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ Kiv nq|

M. cÖ‡qvM Avjg RvnvR †Kv¤úvwbi exgvcÎwU fvmgvb exgvcÎ| †h exgvc‡Îi AvIZvq GKB gvwjK ev cÖwZôv‡bi GKvwaK RvnvR wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ exgv Kiv nq Zv‡K fvmgvb exgvcÎ e‡j| Giƒc exgvc‡Î RvnvR †Q‡o hvIqvi mgq KLb †Kvb RvnvR †Kv_vq †Q‡o hv‡e Zvi †NvlYv exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU w`‡Z nq| DÏxc‡K Avjg RvnvR †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡ì 5wU RvnvR ARvšÍ exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ exgv K‡i| †h‡nZz Avjg †Kv¤úvwb GKvwaK RvnvR GKwU exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ exgv K‡i‡Q Ges Zviv mgy ª hvÎvi mgq exgv †Kv¤úvwb‡K AewnZ K‡i| ZvB GwU GKwU fvmgvb excÎ|

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Ávb Avjg RvnvR †Kv¤úvwbi exgvcÎwU fvmgvb exgvcÎ| N. D”PZi

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Ávb †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb hLb Zvi Dci Awc©Z `v‡qi wec‡ÿ exgv K‡i ZLb H exgvB `vq exgv|

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Ávb AvbycvwZK nvi bxwZi Av‡jv‡K Dfq †Kv¤úvwb mgvb nv‡i ivZzj‡K ÿwZc~iY cÖ vb K‡i| N. D”PZi

`ÿZv ’jvwfwl³KiY bxwZ Abyhvqx ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi weµqg~‡jï Dci Dfq †Kv¤úvwbi `vwe

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Abyaveb ’jvwfwl³KiY bxwZ Abyhvqx ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi weµqg~‡jï Dci Dfq †Kv¤úvwbi `vwe †hŠw³K| G bxwZ Abymv‡i hw` exgvKvix ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi Rb¨ Pzw³ Abyhvqx exgvMÖnxZv‡K m¤ú~Y© ÿwZc~iY †`q Zvn‡j ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi Dci A_ev ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi weµq g~‡jï Dci exgvKvixi `vwe cÖwZ ’vwcZ nq|

Ávb ’jvwfwl³KiY bxwZ Abyhvqx ÿwZMÖ Í m¤úwËi weµqg~‡jï Dci Dfq †Kv¤úvwbi `vwe †hŠw³K|



GBPGmwm cixÿv 2013 welq: eëmvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ (eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ)

welq †KvW : 230 mgq : 2 N›Uv 10 wgwbU; c~Y©gvb 60

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