business process modelling pointers

8/8/2019 Business Process Modelling Pointers

1/49

Business

processmodelling

Business process modelling


2/49

Business

processmodelling

Lean organisation

Influencing factors

psycho-social

dimension

organisational

dimension

technical

dimension

organisation of enterprises


3/49

Business

processmodelling

Lean organisation

Integration

Includes not only the solving of technical problems, but mainly

involves company organisational measures.

Qualification of employees plays a significant part.

Integration without relevant organisational consequences results in

only a small advantage.

It is not enough to equip the existing practice with only

computers.

Before data-technical integration, organisational integration

with reference to products, processes, procedures etc. have to be carried

out.


4/49

Business

processmodelling

Lean organisation

Aspects of integration

from functional organisational structure to process-oriented

organisational structure

reduction of the hierarchical structure

reintegration of tasks carried out based on the division of labour combination of planning and controlling as well as execution

(job enrichment)

creation of decentralised units (teams) with optional

characteristics (small, easy to grasp, quick, self-organising)

control system: instead of targets and control, the

guaranteeing of information and communication


5/49


6/49

Business

processmodelling

Lean organisation

technical integration(CAO + CIM)

and

Lean Organisation

are only meaningful when used in combination!


7/49

Business

processmodelling

Lean organisation

Concepts of integration

CAO and CIM

were not successfulyet.

reason: disregarding of organisational and psycho-

social aspects of the company

reason: disregarding of organisational and psycho-social aspects of the company


8/49

Business

processmodelling

Aspects of integration

influencing factors for faster product design

and for faster production

personnel

(qualifications)organisation

information technique

product,

process of production


9/49

Business

processmodelling

Importance of organisational aspects during

the implementation of CIM

Schultz-Wild/Nuber/Rehberg/Schmierl 1989

losses by organisational friction

introduction of new types of departments

introduction of additional departments

closure of departments

introduction of new types of workplaces

introduction of additional workplaces

closure of workplaces

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

31,1

17,3

10,7

8,1

%

45,0

18,3

24,8


10/49

Business

processmodelling


the implementation of CIM


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

33,3

22,4

38,7

30,4

%

27,4

13,1

35,5

shortage of specialists

employment of new personnel

Internal transferals

staff reductions

increase of divison of labour

increased flexibility regarding

the allocation of labour

decrease of divison of labour


11/49

Business

processmodelling


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

%

54,8

57,0

16,8


a implementation of CIM

relieving on routine tasks

in favor of creative tasks

more possibilities of

control and supervision

limitation of scope for actions


12/49

Business

processmodelling

Organisation modelling

paradigms of representation

( by Bracchi and Pernici 1984 )

process-

data-

actor-

oriented


13/49

Business

processmodelling

Elements of representation

place

task

information flow

information


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15/49


16/49

Business

processmodelling

Communication

process

coding, transmission, encoding

syntax and semantics of information have to be:

the same for all involved systems or

completely transferable into each other

Definition of the technical term:


17/49

Business

processmodelling

Communication

Processes

generation / reception of information

processing / diffusion of information

storing / filing of information

transmission of information



18/49

Business

processmodelling

Information- and

communication system (ICS)

system = a set of well-organised elements which are connected

to each other by a set of relationships

(see Zangenmeister 1980)

elements = information

relationships = information technical processes which are

connected with the communication

information and communication system:



19/49

Business

processmodelling

Information- and

communication system (ICS)

ICS consists of:

tasks which are concluded from the main task of the companysoutput (achieving certain goals of action)

human who carry out tasks (a process supported by human)

techniques for supporting human (techniques of coding,

signalling, encoding, transmission media)

which influence each other.



20/49

Business

processmod

elling

Task

A task is:

a goal of action which have to be fulfilled, an

intended performance which is achieved by physical

or mental activities.(Hoffmann 1980)

Main task of an enterprise is:

the operational performance, from which all other

tasks are derived.



21/49

Business

processmod

elling

Function

Individual, identical or similar tasks are summarised into

functions under structure-organisational viewpoints.

Functions can be identical with places or departments.



22/49

Business

processmod

elling

Activity / process (chain)

An organisational summary executed in sequence of tasks,

creates an activity or a process.

Processes or activities are connected to process or activity

chains at a higher level.

Tasks, in relation to processes, are linked by information

flows.



23/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Integration

process integration

division of labour activities are once again summarised

data integration

a unique, common (logical) database is established



24/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Model

A model is:

an object which is used instead of an original by a subject

on the basis of a structural, functional or behavioural

analogy

and applied in order to solve tasks which are not possibleon the original or too costly

(based on Meyers 1987)



25/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Model

object model: represents the subject of the problem solving

action model (method): represents the process of solving

problems

Problem solving can be achieved only by collaborating both

models.



26/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Object model

conceptional model:represents the original in view of the essential characteristics

reference model:

is the insertion of attributes to the conceptional model which

are general and free from individual distinctive features

(details)

implementation model:

are the attributes which are specifically used for the

planning case



27/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Tools for systems analysis

business process modelling tools

CASE-tools (computer aided software engineering)

classicalobject-oriented

Types of computer-based tools


28/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

construction - NC-programming

construction - generation of working plans

production planning - production control

construction - production planning

production control - NC-programming

generation of working plans - production control

actual data which are rough

and free from individual

distinctive features

lo

gicalchainsofflow

organ

isatio

n-technic

al

altern

ativ

es

Lean Organisation

CIM-KSAdata model

Reference models


29/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Integration aspects

Groupware-based modelling of manufacturing systems

and information systems


30/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Research

Fields of research - tools for modelling

modeller

knowledge-basedmodelling and

simulation

cognitive design of

user interfaces

support of new

concepts like eg.

Artifical neuronal

networks and thetheory of chaos

integration of

graphical methods

of SE (simultaneous

engineering)

connection

to a metamodel


31/49


32/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Different kinds of view

organisational chart information model

function model

process model


33/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

A model the an basis of integration

storage,

medium,

resources,

etc.function

model

informationmodel

organisational

chart

process

model

axiom

expert

method

expert

stati-

cal

dynamical

analysing

controlling

enterprisemodel ana-

lyser

simulator


34/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Organisational unit model

business management

staff

department

project

never above

never above

never above


35/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Leader model

manager departmental manager

project manager

never lower

never lower


36/49


37/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Organisational chart

department administration

departmental manager

department editorial staff


department graphic


staff quality control


project

data processing centreproject manager

secretary

administration

project

health serviceproject manager

editor

hardware

editor

software

layout

typography

layout

producer

graphics

draftsman

graphics

design

business managementbusiness manager

project

office informations systemsproject manager


38/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Function models

function model: project completion

function model: canvassing

project

completion

commercial

preparation

technicalpreparation

implementation

project

execution

canvassing

enquiry

developing a conceptadjusting a concept

implementing a concept

conclusion of a contract

adjusting the implementationrevising the implementation

handing out the implementation delivery

canvassing

commercial completion

being in touch with customers

technical publications

participating at fairs

analysing fairs

processing inquiries

making offers


39/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Resource model

computer

PC

laptop

disc

tapehard disc

scanner

printer

paper pencil

pen

ballpoint

resource model - tools

consistsof


40/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Resource model

Resource model - means of communication

transportation resource

post telefax bicycle courier telephone equipment

telephone exchange


41/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Information model

information model - research data

research data

questionnaire information

test results

conceptional information

technical literature

background information

questionnaire information


42/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Storage model

disc

tape

hard disc

act

head

file

buffer storageis a


43/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Information medium model

speech

product

letter

print medium

manual

prospecttechnical magazine

questionnaire

form


44/49


45/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Process model - subdividing


46/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Simulation

Entities of a business reengineering tool


47/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Entities of a business reengineering tool

hierarchy of places place / departmentplace

holder

task / place

task

task / replacement structure of tasks performance

classes of performance

approach / technique

assignment of

a technique

class of techniqueinformation flow

transport of information

assignment of transport

classes of transport

assignment of information

medium

classes of information

mediumuse of information description of information

path hierarchy of information structure of information


48/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

The traditional developement of the

production process

feasibility

Study

schematic draft

manufacturing resources

aims of product

sketch of the product

construction specifications

provisional design of the product

refined production design

provisional design of

the production sequence

final production design

modelling, tests and control

provisional production designprovisional control of

the productivity

modelling, tests and control

refined production design

Gronau, 1994


49/49

Businessprocessmod

elling

Product development using simultaneous

engineeringfeasibility Study

schematic draft

manufacturing resources

provisional production

sequenceaims of the products

sketch of the product

construction specifications

provisional product design

refined product design

provisional

production

desi

gn

refined

production

d

esign

provisional control of

productivitymodelling, tests and control

business process modelling pointers

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