MODULE – 01: VOCABULARY

Geetanjali Bhandari

Key Concepts:

Use of Dictionary

Use of Words:

Diminutives

Homonyms & Homophones

Use of Dictionary

Meaning

Synonyms

Antonyms

Usage

Etymology

Use of Dictionary

Pronunciation

Increase word power

Effective communication skills

Speaking Skills

Reading Skills

Writing Skill

High level of confidence

A Word Form that Indicates Smallness

Diminutives

Diminutives: Meaning

It literally means small; tiny; little A diminutive for a model train layout

It is pertaining to or productive of a form denoting smallness, familiarity, affection or triviality Droplet from drop

Diminutive: Examples

A booklet, is a small book

A circlet, a small circle

A duckling, a young duck

A hillock a small hill

A novelette, a short novel

A wavelet, a ripple or small wave

A gosling, a young goose

A droplet, a tiny drop

Diminutive: Further Explanation

"English usually forms diminutives by suffixing -y or ie  Hanky for handkerchief, doggie for dog and Tommie for Thoma

s

We also use -ette   As in kitchenette for a small kitchen

Productive diminutive derivation hardly exist at all Despite the existence of isolated baby forms such as handies,

doggie or birdie one can say girlie but not *mannie, auntie but not *unclie, horsie but not *goatie, and so on.

Diminutives are titles of endearment Goldsmith becomes Goldy

Homonyms & Homophones

Homonyms

One or two words that have same sound and often same spelling but different meanings

Homographs Words that are spelled the same but differ in meanings Example – Stalk, Stick, Bat, Bow etc.

Homophones Word that are pronounced the same but differ in

meaning, derivation or spelling Example – hair & hare; night & knight etc.

Importance of Diminutives & Homonyms

Usage

Formal vs. Informal

Expression

Effective communication skills

Engaging the audience

Clichés

A cliché is a phrase or opinion that is overused and betray a lack of original thought

The original was striking but due to its overuse it lost its charm

In modern culture it is used for an idea that is expected or predictable

A cliché may or may not be true

Clichés come from all over the world. They can be interpreted differently, depending on your cultural knowledge and identity. Often, a cliché starts with a smart remark that ends up becoming very well known. Even if the origin is unclear, it’s clear to see that clichés are a popular form of expression

Clichés: Examples Clichés of Time

Time will tell

In the nick of time

Lost track of time

Lasted an eternity

A matter of time

A waste of time

Rushed for time

In a jiffy

The time of my life

At the speed of light

Clichés of Life, Love & Emotions

Opposites attract

Scared out of my wits

Frightened to death

All is fair in love and war

Every cloud has a silver lining

Haste makes waste

The writing on the wall

Time heals all wounds

What goes around comes around

When you have lemons, make

lemonade

Clichés of People

As old as the hills: This describes someone very old

Fit as a fiddle: This describes someone in great shape

Without a care in the world: This describes someone who is not plagued by problems or worries

A diamond in the rough: This describes someone who has a great future.

Brave as a lion: This describes a very brave person.

Weak as a kitten: This describes a very weak person

Euphemism:

A mild or indirect word or expression for one too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

Intended to ameliorate the situation

Examples: Passed away instead of died Correctional facility instead of jail Departed instead of died Differently-abled instead of handicapped or disabled Fell off the back of a truck instead of stolen Ethnic cleansing instead of genocide

Jargons: Meaning

The specialized language of a professional, occupational, or other

group, often meaningless to outsiders.

Business Jargons:

Business Jargon

"Jargon is an invaluable tool in massaging meaning for marketing purposes.

Promoters may describe a start-up with no customers as 'pre-revenue,' optimistically implying that sales are inevitable.

Hoped-for turnover will be projected in a 'business plan,' a document used for raising finance and scrupulously ignored thenceforth.

Business Jargons:

Terminology that deflects criticism while bestowing spurious professionalism is essential to the manager.

Hence the phrase 'I'm outside the loop on that' excuses knuckle-dragging cluelessness.

'I'm afraid I don't have the bandwidth' is a polite way of saying: 'You aren't important enough for me to help you.‘

'It is my understanding that . . .' allows the speaker to assert vague suspicions as solid facts. . . .

Examples of Business Jargons:

“Bang for the buck” Getting a lot for your money,

“Due diligence” Doing research before purchasing or investing in a

business

“Sweat equity” Receiving equity or ownership in the business instead of

a salary.

!!!Thank You!!!