butane _ c4h10 - pubchem

29/3/2015 BUTANE|C4H10PubChem

http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/butane#section=SubstanceCategorizationClassification 1/60

NIH U.S.NationalLibraryofMedicine NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation

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BUTANE

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PubChemCID:7843ChemicalNames:BUTANEnButaneDiethylButylhydridebutan106978More...MolecularFormula:C HMolecularWeight:58.1222g/molInChIKey:IJDNQMDRQITEODUHFFFAOYSANUNII:6LV4FOR43RCreateDate:20040916

CitethisRecord

4 10



Contents1 2DStructure

2 3DConformer

3 Identification

4 ChemicalandPhysicalProperties

5 RelatedRecords

6 ChemicalVendors

7 PharmacologyandBiochemistry

8 UseandManufacturing

9 SafetyandHazards

10 Toxicity

11 Literature

12 Patents

13 BiomolecularInteractionsandPathways

14 BiologicalTestResults

15 Classification

16 InformationSources



fromPubChem[11]

1 2DStructure

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fromPubChem[11]

2 3DConformer

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3 Identification

3.1 ComputedDescriptors

fromPubChem[11]butane3.1.1 IUPACName

fromPubChem[11]InChI=1S/C4H10/c1342/h34H2,12H33.1.2 InChI

fromPubChem[11]IJDNQMDRQITEODUHFFFAOYSAN

3.1.3 InChIKey

fromPubChem[11]CCCC

3.1.4 CanonicalSMILES

3.2 OtherIdentifiers

fromEPAChemicalDataReport[2]http://www.epa.gov/cdr/fromEPAChemicalDataReport[3]http://www.epa.gov/cdr/fromEPAChemicalDataReport[4]http://www.epa.gov/cdr/

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.html

fromOSHAOccupationalChemicalDB[7]http://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=49

1069786847642668514318106978106978

3.2.1 CAS

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232fromECHA[8]http://echa.europa.eu/

20344872034487

3.2.2 ECNumber

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=023202323.2.3 ICSCNumber

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.html

EJ4200000EJ4200000

3.2.4 RTECSNumber

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=023210113.2.5 UNNumber




fromFDA/SPLIndexingdata[10]http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/StructuredProductLabeling/ucm377913.htm

6LV4FOR43R3.2.6 UNII

fromWiki[9]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ButaneButane3.2.7 Wikipedia

3.3 Synonyms

fromMeSH[12]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67046888

1. butane2. nbutane

3.3.1 MeSHSynonyms

fromPubChem[11]

1. BUTANE2. nButane3. Diethyl4. Butylhydride5. butan6. 1069787. ButylGroup8. Butane,pure9. Methylethylmethane

10. nButan

11. Butanen[Dutch]12. Butani[Italian]13. 1,2dimethylethane14. A21(lowingagent)15. R600(alkane)16. HC600(hydrocarbon)17. UNII6LV4FOR43R18. methylpropyl19. secbutyl20. methylpropyl

21. propylmethyl22. zincbutane23. E943a24. poly(butyl25. poly[butyl26. 1methylpropyl27. npropylmethyl28. sbutyl29. CCRIS227930. HSDB944

31. [butyl32. {butyl33. CHEBI:3780834. (s)methylpropyl35. [s]methylpropyl36. 1methylpropandiyl37. EINECS203448738. HC60039. UN101140. (s)1methylpropyl

41. [s]1methylpropyl42. A2143. 1,4butanediyl44. 1,4butylene45. butan1,4diyl46. R60047. 6852717348. BUT49. NBU50. Hydrocarbons,C14

3.3.2 DepositorSuppliedSynonyms

fromPubChem[11]20040916

3.4 CreateDate



4 ChemicalandPhysicalProperties

fromPubChem[11]

MolecularWeight 58.1222g/mol

MolecularFormula C H

XLogP3 2.9

HydrogenBondDonorCount 0

HydrogenBondAcceptorCount 0

RotatableBondCount 1

ExactMass 58.07825g/mol

MonoisotopicMass 58.07825g/mol

TopologicalPolarSurfaceArea 0A^2

HeavyAtomCount 4

FormalCharge 0

Complexity 2

IsotopeAtomCount 0

DefinedAtomStereocenterCount 0

UndefinedAtomStereocenterCount 0

DefinedBondStereocenterCount 0

UndefinedBondStereocenterCount 0

CovalentlyBondedUnitCount 1

4.1 ComputedProperties

4 10

4.2 ExperimentalProperties

fromEPAChemicalDataReport[2]http://www.epa.gov/cdr/fromEPAChemicalDataReport[3]http://www.epa.gov/cdr/fromEPAChemicalDataReport[4]http://www.epa.gov/cdr/

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232



GasVapor,LiquidLiquidGasVaporLiquidGasVaporGasVaporODOURLESSCOLOURLESSCOMPRESSEDLIQUEFIEDGAS.

Colorlessgaswithagasolinelikeornaturalgasodor.

Colorlessgaswithagasolinelikeornaturalgasodor.

4.2.1 PhysicalDescription

Colorlessgas[Note:Shippedasaliquefiedcompressedgas.Aliquidbelow31degreesF]NIOSH.NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards.DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControl&Prevention.NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2010168(2010).

4.2.2 Color



fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106978Availablefrom:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106978

Faint,disagreeableodorLewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.V2:584

4.2.3 Odor

fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106978fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232



0.50degCHaynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.376

0.5C31F31F

4.2.4 BoilingPoint




138.3degCHaynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.376

138C217F217F

4.2.5 MeltingPoint



Gas:76DegF(60DegC)(Closedcup)NationalFireProtectionAssociationFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.14THEdition,Quincy,MA2010,p.32521

60CNA(Gas)

4.2.6 FlashPoint



Inwater,61.2mg/Lat25degCMcAuliffeCNature200:10923(1963)

Verysolubleinethanol,ethylether,chloroformLide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V2:1769

Solubilityinwater,g/100mlat20C:0.0061

4.2.7 Solubility



fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlSlight




0.573g/cucmat25degC(p>1atm)Haynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.376

Relativedensity(water=1):0.6

0.6(Liquidat31F)0.6

4.2.8 Density




2.046(Air=1)Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.V2:584

Relativevapourdensity(air=1):2.1

2.11

4.2.9 VaporDensity




1820mmHgat25degCRiddick,J.A.,W.B.Bunger,SakanoT.K.TechniquesofChemistry4thed.,VolumeII.OrganicSolvents.NewYork,NY:JohnWileyandSons.,1985.,p.78

Vapourpressure,kPaat21.1C:213.7

2.05atm2.05atm

4.2.10 VaporPressure


logKow=2.89Hansch,C.,Leo,A.,D.Hoekman.ExploringQSARHydrophobic,Electronic,andStericConstants.Washington,DC:AmericanChemicalSociety.,1995.,p.10

2.89

4.2.11 LogP


550DegF(287DegC)NationalFireProtectionAssociationFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.14THEdition,Quincy,MA2010,p.32521

365C

4.2.12 AutoIgnition




Whenheatedtodecompositionitemitsacridsmokeandfumes.Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.584

4.2.13 Decomposition


7.5at300K9.9at400K12.2at500K14.5at600K(allinuPa.s)(gas)Haynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.6229

4.2.14 Viscosity


HasnocorrosiveactiononmetalsLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

4.2.15 Corrosivity


19,512BTU/lb=10,840cal/g=453.85x10+5J/kgWeiss,G.HazardousChemicalsHandbook.1986,NoyesDataCorporation,ParkRidge,NJ1986.,p.186

4.2.16 HeatofCombustion


22.39kJ/molatnormalBPEastmanAD,MearsDHydrocarbonsC1C6.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.(19992013).NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons.OnlinePostingDate:4Dec2000

4.2.17 HeatofVaporization


14.7dynes/cmat0degCWeiss,G.HazardousChemicalsHandbook.1986,NoyesDataCorporation,ParkRidge,NJ1986.,p.186

4.2.18 SurfaceTension



10.63eV10.63eV

4.2.19 Ionicity


Butane'sodorcanbedetectedbetween2.9and14.6mg/cumandinwaterat6.2ppm.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V413

4.2.20 OdorThreshold





2700uL/LAbstract:PubMedAmooreJE,HautalaEJApplToxicol3(6):27290(1983)

Butanehasanodorthresholdof2.8500mg/cum(low)and14.6300mg/cum(high).RuthJHAmIndHygAssocJ47:A14251(1986)











Liquiddensity(atsaturationpressure15.6degC),kg/cum:583.0/fromtable/Gerhartz,W.(execed.).Ullmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry.5thed.VolA1:DeerfieldBeach,FL:VCHPublishers,1985toPresent.,p.VA15:349(1990)

Condensingpressure:approx30lbat32.5degCspecificvolume:6.4cuft/lbat21.1degCdoesnotreactwithmoisture

Lewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

Liquidwaterinterfacialtension(est):65dynes/cm=0.065N/mat22degCRatioofspecificheatsofvapor:1.092

Weiss,G.HazardousChemicalsHandbook.1986,NoyesDataCorporation,ParkRidge,NJ1986.,p.186

Conversionfactor:1ppm=approximately2.38mg/cumClayton,G.D.andF.E.Clayton(eds.).Patty'sIndustrialHygieneandToxicology:Volume2A,2B,2C:Toxicology.3rded.NewYork:JohnWileySons,19811982.,p.3178

Heatoffusion:4.660kJ/molEastmanAD,MearsDHydrocarbonsC1C6.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.(19992013).NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons.OnlinePostingDate:4Dec2000

Heatingvalue:3266BTU/cuftat25degCLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

1volofwaterdissolves0.15voland1volofalcohol/dissolves/18volsofthegasat17degC,770mmHg1volofetherorchloroformat17degCdissolves25or30volofthegas,respectively.

O'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.Cambridge,UK:RoyalSocietyofChemistry,2013.,p.268

VaporPressure:1Paat134.3degC10Paat121.0degC100Paat103.9degC1kPaat81.1degC10kPaat49.1degC100kPaat0.8degC

Haynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.6100

Criticaltemperature:425.17KCriticalpressure:3796kPaSpecificgravity,liquid,atsaturationpressure,288.72K:0.5840Grossheatingvalueat288.72K,101.325kPa(1atm):121.37MJ/cum./fromtable/

EastmanAD,MearsDHydrocarbonsC1C6.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.(19992013).NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons.OnlinePostingDate:4Dec2000

Henry'sLawconstant=0.95atmcum/moleat25degC(est)USEPAEstimationProgramInterface(EPI)Suite.Ver.4.1.Nov,2012.Availablefrom,asofNov20,2013:http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm

Hydroxylradicalreactionrateconstant=2.54X1012cucm/moleculesecat25degC

4.2.21 OtherExperimentalProperties



fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106978AtkinsonRJPhysChemRefData,Monograph2,(1994)





Indexofrefraction:1.3326at20degC/DHaynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.376

IR:2286(SadtlerResearchLaboratoriesPrismCollection)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V2:1769

MASS:61290(NIST/EPA/MSDCMassSpectralDatabase,1990Version)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V2:1769

13CNMR:56(Stothers,Carbon13NMRSpectroscopy,AcademicPress,NewYork)Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton,FL.1994.,p.V2:1769

4.3 SpectralProperties



5 RelatedRecords

fromPubChem[11]

3DStructure(2) Bioactivities(5) Patents(346)

5.1 RelatedCompoundswithAnnotation

Ethene,1,2dibromo,(Z) methanepropane

fromPubChem[11]

SameConnectivity 24

SameParent,Connectivity 312

SameParent,Exact 287

Mixtures,Components,andNeutralizedForms 6133

SimilarCompounds 597

SimilarConformers 525

5.2 RelatedCompounds

fromPubChem[11]

All 9156

Same 209

Mixture 8947

5.3 RelatedSubstances

fromPubChem[11]

PubMed 1621

ProteinStructures 42

5.4 EntrezCrosslinks

Download



fromPubChem[11]

Vendor/Supplier PurchasableChemical PubChemSID

SigmaAldrich

18921_ALDRICH 57647772

18921_FLUKA 24851369

443670_ALDRICH 24868067

494402_ALDRICH 24872900

ABIChem AC1L1POF 104316140

ISChemicalTechnology I149541 99453429

AKosConsulting&Solutions AKOS015917446 152056865

TCI(TokyoChemicalIndustry) B0677 87563681

AngeneChemical

AGD21767 136402289

AGNPC00B39R 172785976

AGNPC0O8W50 222455479

Ambinter OR8385 84943128

ChemFrog 888843657 125362537

ChemMol 99129358 241120254

FinetechIndustryLimited FT0643028 164758908

Chembase.cn 92079 162078777

JamsonPharmachemTechnology Jsp000618 93617138

6 ChemicalVendors

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7 PharmacologyandBiochemistry



Inhalationstudies...inwhichratsandmicewereexposedtolethalconcn(27.829%)revealedthatnbutaneisabsorbedanddistributedtovarioustissues.After4hrofrespiratoryexposure,survivingratsweresacrificed...concnofbutanewere...highestinperinephricfat(2086ppm),thenbrain(750ppm),spleen(522ppm),liver(492ppm),andkidney(441ppm).Inmiceexposedto2hrofbutanevapors,thebrainlevelsofnbutanewerefoundtobe779ppm.InbothratsandmicethebrainlevelsofnbutanecorrelatedwiththedegreeofCNSdepression...Dermalabsorptionofnbutanevaporshasnotbeenreported.However,dermalpenetrationofbutanewouldnotbeexpectedtooccurtoanylargeextentsinceskincontactistransientbecauseofvolatility.

Snyder,R.(ed.)EthelBrowning'sToxicityandMetabolismofIndustrialSolvents.2nded.Volume1:Hydrocarbons.AmsterdamNewYorkOxford:Elsevier,1987.,p.269

Becauseofitsvolatilenature,eliminationofbutanebyexhalationcanbeanticipated.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V415

7.1 Absorption,DistributionandExcretion





Astudywasconductedtoestablishwhethervolatilehydrocarbons,suchaspropane,nbutaneandisobutane,aremetabolizedinmiceornot.Inmicehavinginhaledthesegases,isopropanolandacetonewereyieldedfrompropane,secbutanolandmethylethylketonefromnbutane,andtertbutanolfromisobutaneastherespectivemetabolites.Inaddition,livermicrosomeswerefoundtocontaintheenzymicsystemparticipatinginthesemetabolisms.Invitroreactionswithlivermicrosomesproducedisopropanolfrompropane,secbutanolfromnbutane,andtertbutanolfromisobutane.Itwasassumedthathydrocarbonswerefirstconvertedto(omega1)alcoholsbymicrosomalenzymesystemandthentocorrespondingketonesbyalcoholdehydrogenase.Abstract:PubMed

TsukamotoSetalJToxicolSci.10(4):32332(1985).

Microsomalenzymesystemshavebeenfoundthatoxidizebutanetoitsparentalcohol.Clayton,G.D.andF.E.Clayton(eds.).Patty'sIndustrialHygieneandToxicology:Volume2A,2B,2C:Toxicology.3rded.NewYork:JohnWileySons,19811982.,p.3183

Hydroxylationofbutane.../occurs/inratlivermicrosomestoyield2butanolasthemajormetabolite.nButaneisthelowestmolecularweightalkane...demonstratedtosubstratebindwithcytochromep450....If2butanolisthemajormetaboliteformedinmammals,itwouldbeexpectedtobeeliminatedinexpiredair....2Butanolmayalsobeconjugatedwithglucuronicacidorbeoxidizedtomethylethylketonewhichinturnisexpired.


Purifiedliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),amixtureofbutane,isobutane,andpropane,iscommonlyabusedbyinhalation.Littleisknownaboutthemammalianmetabolismofthesesubstances.Metabolismofotherhydrocarbons,includingnhexaneandcyclohexane,hasbeenstudiedinvitrousingarangeofliverpreparations,withmetabolitesanalyzedbystaticheadspacetechniques...Cyclohexanolandcyclohexanonewereformedfromcyclohexaneand1,2,and3hexanoland2hexanonefromnhexaneaspredicted.Secondaryalcoholsarefoundfortheothercompoundsstudied,exceptforpropeneandisobutane,togetherwith2propanoneand2butanonefrompropaneandnbutane,respectively.SamplesfromthreeindividualswhodiedfollowingLPGabusecontainedarangeofputativenbutanemetabolites:nbutanol,2butanol,2,3butanediol,3hydroxy2butanone,and2,3butanedione.To/theauthors/knowledge,thelastthreecompoundshavenotbeenproposedasmetabolitesofnbutaneinman.Thesemightbeproducedthroughsimilarmetabolicpathwaystothoseofnhexaneandnheptane...Abstract:PubMed

WalkerRetalJChromatogrSci.44(7):38793(2006).

7.2 Metabolism/Metabolites





Basedonkineticstudies...withethaneandnpentane,theeliminationhalflifeofnbutanecanbeexpectedtobeclosertothatofnpentane(halflife=0.13hr,atnonsaturatingconcn).


Itseliminationhalflifeis0.13hratnonsaturatingconcns.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V415

7.3 BiologicalHalfLife


...Notinfrequentlyintentionalbutaneinhalationresultsinhighmorbidityandmortality.Afataloutcomeofbutaneabusecanbecausedbyasphyxia,cardiacarrhythmiaortrauma.Thereportednumberofcasesinwhichdeathwastheconsequenceofpurebutaneinhalationislimited,andinmostcasesamixtureofpropellantswasinvolved.Thisreportcoverstwocasesofsuddendeathduetothesniffingofacigarettelighterrefillcontainingbutane.Autopsywasfollowedbytoxicological,pathohistologicalandimmunohistochemicalanalysis.Butanegaswasconfirmedinsamplesofblood,urine,brainandlungs...Histologyshowedalmostidenticalchangesinthelungsandheartinbothcases.ThemorphologyofheartdamageonstandardH/Estainswasofspecialinterestbecauseitdisplayedallthecharacteristicsofchronicandacutemyocardialhypoxiafoundintheabsenceofatheroscleroticheartdisease.Inordertoconfirmearlycardiacdeathcausedbyasphyxiaduetobutaneinhalationapanelofimmunohistochemicalagentswasused...Abstract:PubMed

NovoselIetalJForensicLegMed.18(3):12531(2011).

7.4 MechanismofAction



8 UseandManufacturing






Butanesarenaturallyoccurringalkanehydrocarbonsthatareproducedprimarilyinassociationwithnaturalgasprocessingandcertainrefineryoperationssuchascatalyticcrackingandcatalyticreforming.Thetermbutanesincludesthetwostructuralisomers,nbutane[106978],CH3CH2CH2CH3,andisobutane[75285],(CH3)2CHCH3(2methylpropane).

EastmanAd,MearsDHydrocarbons,C1C6.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology(19992013).JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.OnlinePostingDate:December4,2000

Butanesarerecoveredfromrawnaturalgasandfrompetroleumrefinerystreamsthatresultfromcatalyticcracking,catalyticreforming,andotherrefineryoperations.Themostcommonseparationtechniquesarebasedonavaporliquid,twophasesystembywhichliquidbutaneisrecoveredfromthefeedgas./Butanes/

EastmanAd,MearsDHydrocarbons,C1C6.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology(19992013).JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.OnlinePostingDate:December4,2000

PreparedfromC2H5I/ethyliodide/andsodiumamalgam.O'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.Cambridge,UK:RoyalSocietyofChemistry,2013.,p.268

/nButaneis/...obtainedfromnaturalgasbyfractionationfollowingabsorptioninoil,adsorptiontosurfaceactiveagents,orrefrigeration.

40CFR184.1165(USFDA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.Availablefrom,asofOctober18,2013:http://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/ECFR?page=browse

RecoveredfromLPG/liquefiedpetroleumgas/bydistillation.GriesbaumKetalHydrocarbons.Ullmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry7thed.(19992013).NY,NY:JohnWiley&Sons.OnlinePostingDate:September16,2013

8.1 MethodsofManufacturing



Grades:Research,99.99mole%pure99mole%technical95mole%,alsoavailableinvariousmixtureswithisobutane,propane,pentanes,etc.


Propaneistheprincipalingredientofbottledgasparticularlyinnorthernstates,whereasbutanewithitsconsiderablyhigherboilingandfreezingpointsismorewidelyusedinwarmersouthernstates.Mixturesofthetwoarealsocommon.

Gosselin,R.E.,R.P.Smith,H.C.Hodge.ClinicalToxicologyofCommercialProducts.5thed.Baltimore:WilliamsandWilkins,1984.,p.II150

8.2 Formulations/Preparations


About90%asagasolineblendingadditiveabout4%asachemintforbutadieneabout3%asachemintforethyleneabout3%asachemintforaceticacid&itsbyproducts&formaleicanhydride(1975)

SRIConsulting,2010DirectoryofChemicalProducers.MenloPark,CA.2010

8.3 Consumption











(1972)1.64X10+13G(EST)SRI

(1975)3.243.84X10+13GSRI

(1984)1.08X10+12gUSITC.SYNORGCHEMU.S.PROD/SALES1984p.15

(1987)2.03X10+9lbUSITC.SYNORGCHEMU.S.PROD/SALES1987p.22

ButaneislistedasaHighProductionVolume(HPV)chemical(65FR81686).ChemicalslistedasHPVwereproducedinorimportedintotheU.S.in>1millionpoundsin1990and/or1994.TheHPVlistisbasedonthe1990InventoryUpdateRule.(IUR)(40CFRpart710subpartB51FR21438).

EPA/OfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxicsHighProductionVolume(HPV)ChallengeProgram.Butane(106978).Availablefrom,asofNovember4,2013:http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/general/opptsrch.htm

ProductionvolumesfornonconfidentialchemicalsreportedundertheInventoryUpdateRule.Year ProductionRange(pounds)

1986 >1billion

1990 >1billion

1994 >1billion

1998 >1billion

2002 >1billion

USEPANonconfidentialProductionVolumeInformationSubmittedbyCompaniesforChemicalsUnderthe19862002InventoryUpdateRule(IUR).Butane(106978).Availablefrom,asofNovember4,2013:http://epa.gov/cdr/tools/data/2002vol.html

Productionvolumefornonconfidentialchemicalsreportedunderthe2006InventoryUpdateRule.Chemical:Butane.AggregatedNationalProductionVolume:1billionpoundsandgreater.

USEPANonConfidential2006InventoryUpdateReporting.NationalChemicalInformation.Butane(106978).Availablefrom,asofOctober3,2013:http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm

Nonconfidential2012ChemicalDataReporting(CDR)informationontheproductionanduseofchemicalsmanufacturedorimportedintotheUnitedStates.Chemical:Butane.NationalProductionVolume:52,402,541,854lb/yr.

USEPA/PollutionPreventionandToxics2012ChemicalDataReportingDatabase.Butane(106978).Availablefrom,asofOctober3,2013:http://java.epa.gov/oppt_chemical_search/

8.4 U.S.Production


(1972)1.48X10+12GSRI

(1975)1.69X10+12G(INCLPROPANEMIXTS)

8.5 U.S.Imports






SRI

(1984)5.17X10+9gBUREAUOFTHECENSUS.U.S.IMPORTSFORCONSUMPTIONANDGENERALIMPORTS1984p.1395

(1986)3.87X10+7bblBUREAUOFTHECENSUS.USIMPORTSFORCONSUMPTIONANDGENERALIMPORTS1986P.1554






(1972)7.7X10+10GSRI

(1975)4.23X10+11GSRI

(1984)3.27X10+8gBUREAUOFTHECENSUS.U.S.EXPORTS,SCHEDULEE,1984p.267

(1987)8.25X10+4bblBUREAUOFTHECENSUS.U.S.EXPORTS,SCHEDULEE,DECEMBER1987,P.270

(1988)5.01X10+4bblBUREAUOFTHECENSUS.U.S.EXPORTS,SCHEDULEE,DECEMBER1988,P.273

8.6 U.S.Exports


Method:OSHAPV2010Procedure:gaschromatographyandflameionizationdetectorAnalyte:nbutaneMatrix:airDetectionLimit:0.79ppm(1.88mg/cum).

U.S.DepartmentofLabor/OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration'sIndexofSamplingandAnalyticalMethods.nButane(106978).Availablefrom,asofNovember6,2013:http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html

8.7 AnalyticLaboratoryMethods


Solidphasemicroextraction(SPME)forsamplingmetabolitesintheheadspaceofincubatesofvolatilecompoundswithactivatedratlivermicrosomesisinvestigated.Cyclohexanolandcyclohexanonewereformedfromcyclohexaneand1,2,and3hexanoland2hexanonefromnhexaneaspredicted...ThefindingsindicatethevalueofSPMEforinvestigatingthemetabolismofvolatilesubstancesandfordetectingandmonitoringexposuretothesecompounds.Abstract:PubMed

WalkerRetalJChromatogrSci.44(7):38793(2006).

...Butanegaswasconfirmedinsamplesofblood,urine,brainandlungsbythegaschromatographymethod"headspace"technique.Histologyshowedalmostidenticalchangesinthelungsandheartinbothcases.ThemorphologyofheartdamageonstandardH/Estainswasofspecialinterestbecauseitdisplayedallthecharacteristicsofchronicandacutemyocardialhypoxiafoundintheabsenceofatheroscleroticheartdisease.Inordertoconfirmearlycardiacdeathcausedbyasphyxiaduetobutaneinhalationapanelofimmunohistochemicalagentswasused:Myoglobin,Desmin,Fibronectin,FibrinogenandCC9.Abstract:PubMed

NovoselIetalJForensicLegMed.18(3):12531(2011).

8.8 ClinicalLaboratoryMethods



9 SafetyandHazards

9.1 HazardsIdentification


9.1.1 GHSClassification

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Extremelyflammable.9.1.2 FireHazard

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Gas/airmixturesareexplosive.

9.1.3 ExplosionHazard

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232ONCONTACTWITHLIQUID:FROSTBITE.

9.1.4 SkinHazard

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Drowsiness.Unconsciousness.9.1.5 InhalationHazard

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232ONCONTACTWITHLIQUID:FROSTBITE.9.1.6 EyeHazard




Highlyflammable,dangerousfire...risk.Lewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

Flammableinthepresenceofanoxidizinggas(egair),asourceofignitino,andwhentheconcentrationofthegasisbetweenthelowerandupperexplosivelimits.Keepawayfromheat/sparks/openflame/hotsurface/oxidizinggas.Nosmoking.

SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforbutane.Productnumber494402.Version3.5.(September17,2012).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/494402?lang=enion=US

Verydangerousfirehazardwhenexposedtoheat,flame...Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.584

9.1.7 FirePotential

9.1.8 Skin,Eye,andRespiratoryIrritations





nButane/didnot/...causerespiratory...irritationinrabbits....Butaneappearstobemildlytomoderatelyirritatingtotherabbitskin.


Vapornotirritatingtoeyes,nose,orthroat.U.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.

9.2 SafetyandHazardProperties



1.6%1.6%

9.2.1 LEL



8.4%8.4%

9.2.2 UEL

fromHSDB[1]http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+106978fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.html

Lowerflammablelimit:1.9%byvolumeUpperflammablelimit:8.5%byvolume.NationalFireProtectionAssociationFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.14THEdition,Quincy,MA2010,p.32521

FlammableGas

9.2.3 Flammability


Criticaltemperature:153.2degCcriticalpressure(absolute):525psiLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

9.2.4 CriticalTemperature


Criticaltemperature:153.2degCcriticalpressure(absolute):525psiLewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

9.2.5 CriticalPressure

Health:1.1=Materialsthat,onexposure,wouldcausesignificantirritation,butonlyminorresidualinjury,includingthoserequiringtheuseofanapprovedairpurifyingrespirator.Thesematerialsareonlyslightlyhazardoustohealthandonlybreathingprotectionisneeded.

NationalFireProtectionAssociationFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.14THEdition,Quincy,MA2010,p.32521

9.2.6 NFPAHazardClassification






Flammability:4.4=Thisdegreeincludesflammablegases,flammablecryogenicmaterials,pyrophoricliquids,andClassIAflammableliquids.Thepreferredmethodoffireattackistostoptheflowofmaterialortoprotectexposureswhileallowingthefiretoburnitselfout.


Instability:0.0=Thisdegreeincludesmaterialsthatarenormallystable,evenunderfireexposureconditions,andthatdonotreactwithwater.Normalfirefightingproceduresmaybeused.



9.2.7 NFPAFireRating

fromOSHAOccupationalChemicalDB[7]http://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=4909.2.8 NFPAReactivityRating

fromOSHAOccupationalChemicalDB[7]http://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=4919.2.9 NFPAHealthRating


Thegasisheavierthanairandmaytravelalongthegrounddistantignitionpossible.Thegasisheavierthanairandmayaccumulateinloweredspacescausingadeficiencyofoxygen.Asaresultofflow,agitation,etc.,electrostaticchargescanbegenerated.

9.2.10 PhysicalDanger

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232MAK:1000ppm,2400mg/mPeaklimitationcategory:II(4)Pregnancyriskgroup:D(DFG2006).

9.2.11 OccupationalExposureLimits

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Onlossofcontainmentthissubstancecancausesuffocationbyloweringtheoxygencontentoftheairinconfinedareas.

9.2.12 InhalationRisk

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Rapidevaporationoftheliquidmaycausefrostbite.Thesubstancemaycauseeffectsonthecentralnervoussystem.

9.2.13 EffectsofShortTermExposure


...Dangerous...explosionrisk.Lewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.190

Explosivelimitsinair1.98.5%.

9.2.14 ExplosiveLimitsandPotential








1.98.5%byvolumeinairatambienttemp/fromtable/Bretherick,L.HandbookofReactiveChemicalHazards.4thed.Boston,MA:ButterworthHeinemannLtd.,1990,p.1843

upper8.5%lower1.9%Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.584

Explosivelimits,vol%inair:1.88.4



Residuesofbutaneareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedinaccordancewithgoodagriculturalpracticeasinert(oroccasionallyactive)ingredientsinpesticideformulationsappliedtogrowingcropsortorawagriculturalcommoditiesafterharvest.Use:Propellant.

40CFR180.910(USEPA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.Availablefrom,asofOctober18,2013:http://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/ECFR?page=browse

Residuesofbutaneareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedinaccordancewithgoodagriculturalpracticeasinert(oroccasionallyactive)ingredientsinpesticideformulationsappliedtoanimals.Use:propellant.


9.2.15 AllowableTolerances


Vacated1989OSHAPELTWA800ppm(1900mg/cum)isstillenforcedinsomestates.NIOSH.NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.97140.Washington,D.C.U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,1997.,p.360

9.2.16 OSHAStandards


RecommendedExposureLimit:10HourTimeWeightedAverage:800ppm(1900mg/cum).NIOSH.NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards.DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControl&Prevention.NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2010168(2010).Availablefrom:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

9.2.17 NIOSHRecommendations

9.3 FirstAidMeasures

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlEye:FrostbiteSkin:FrostbiteBreathing:Respiratorysupport

EYES:Firstcheckthevictimforcontactlensesandremoveifpresent.Flushvictim'seyeswithwaterornormalsalinesolutionfor20to30minuteswhilesimultaneouslycallingahospitalorpoisoncontrolcenter.Donotputanyointments,oils,ormedicationinthevictim'seyeswithoutspecificinstructionsfromaphysician.Ifsymptoms(suchasrednessorirritation)develop,immediatelytransportthevictimtoahospital.SKIN:CAUTION:Exposureofskintocompressedgasesmayresultinfreezingoftheskin.Treatmentforfrostbitemaybenecessary.Removethevictimfromthesourceofcontamination.IMMEDIATELYwashaffectedareasgently

9.3.1 FirstAid




withCOLDwater(andsoap,ifnecessary)whileremovingandisolatingallcontaminatedclothing.Drycarefullywithclean,softtowels.Ifsymptomssuchasinflammationorirritationdevelop,IMMEDIATELYcallaphysicianorgotoahospitalfortreatment.INHALATION:IMMEDIATELYleavethecontaminatedareatakedeepbreathsoffreshair.Ifsymptoms(suchaswheezing,coughing,shortnessofbreath,orburninginthemouth,throat,orchest)develop,callaphysicianandbepreparedtotransportthevictimtoahospital.Provideproperrespiratoryprotectiontorescuersenteringanunknownatmosphere.Wheneverpossible,SelfContainedBreathingApparatus(SCBA)shouldbeusedifnotavailable,usealevelofprotectiongreaterthanorequaltothatadvisedunderProtectiveClothing.INGESTION:Thiscompoundisagas,thereforeinhalationisthefirstrouteofexposure.(NTP,1992)

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Shutoffsupplyifnotpossibleandnorisktosurroundings,letthefireburnitselfout.Inothercasesextinguishwithpowder,carbondioxide.

9.3.2 FireFirstAid

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Incaseoffire:keepcylindercoolbysprayingwithwater.Combatfirefromashelteredposition.

9.3.3 ExplosionFirstAid

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Freshair,rest.Artificialrespirationmaybeneeded.Referformedicalattention.9.3.4 InhalationFirstAid

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232ONFROSTBITE:rinsewithplentyofwater,doNOTremoveclothes.Referformedicalattention.9.3.5 SkinFirstAid

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Firstrinsewithplentyofwaterforseveralminutes(removecontactlensesifeasilypossible),thenreferformedicalattention.

9.3.6 EyeFirstAid




Usewaterspray,alcoholresistantfoam,drychemicalorcarbondioxide.SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforbutane.Productnumber494402.Version3.5.(September17,2012).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/494402?lang=enion=US

Usewaterspraytocoolunopenedcontainers.SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforbutane.Productnumber494402.Version3.5.(September17,2012).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/494402?lang=enion=US

Wearselfcontainedbreathingapparatusforfirefightingifnecessary.SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforbutane.Productnumber494402.Version3.5.(September17,2012).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/494402?lang=enion=US

9.4 FireFightingMeasures

Donotextinguishfireunlessflowcanbestopped.Usewaterinfloodingquantitiesasfog.Coolallaffectedcontainerswithfloodingquantitiesofwater.Applywaterfromasfaradistanceaspossible.(AAR,1999)

9.4.1 FireFighting





Onlossofcontainmentthissubstancecancausesuffocationbyloweringtheoxygencontentoftheairinconfinedareas...Rapidevaporationoftheliquiedmaycausefrostbite.Thesubstancemaycauseeffectsonthecentralnervoussystem.


9.4.2 OtherFireFightingHazards

9.5 AccidentalReleaseMeasures


Evacuatedangerarea!Consultanexpert!Personalprotection:selfcontainedbreathingapparatus.Ventilation.Removeallignitionsources.NEVERdirectwaterjetonliquid.

9.5.1 SpillageDisposal


Evacuatedangerarea!Consultanexpert!Personalprotection:selfcontainedbreathingapparatus.Ventilation.Removeallignitionsources.NEVERdirectwaterjetonliquid.

IPCS,CECInternationalChemicalSafetyCardonbutane.(2003).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0232.htm

9.5.2 CleanupMethods



Burninachemicalincineratorequippedwithanafterburnerandscrubberbutexertextracareinignitingasthismaterialishighlyflammable.Offersurplusandnonrecyclablesolutionstoalicenseddisposalcompany.Contactalicensedprofessionalwastedisposalservicetodisposeofthismaterial.


SRP:Wastewaterfromcontaminantsuppression,cleaningofprotectiveclothing/equipment,orcontaminatedsitesshouldbecontainedandevaluatedforsubjectchemicalordecompositionproductconcentrations.Concentrationsshallbelowerthanapplicableenvironmentaldischargeordisposalcriteria.Alternatively,pretreatmentand/ordischargetoapermittedwastewatertreatmentfacilityisacceptableonlyafterreviewbythegoverningauthorityandassurancethat"passthrough"violationswillnotoccur.Dueconsiderationshallbegiventoremediationworkerexposure(inhalation,dermalandingestion)aswellasfateduringtreatment,transferanddisposal.Ifitisnotpracticabletomanagethechemicalinthisfashion,itmustbeevaluatedinaccordancewithEPA40CFRPart261,specificallySubpartB,inordertodeterminetheappropriatelocal,stateandfederalrequirementsfordisposal.

9.5.3 DisposalMethods


SRP:Contaminatedprotectiveclothingshouldbesegregatedinsuchamannersothatthereisnodirectpersonalcontactbypersonnelwhohandle,dispose,orcleantheclothing.Thecompletenessofthecleaningproceduresshouldbeconsideredbeforethedecontaminatedprotectiveclothingisreturnedforreusebytheworkers.Contaminatedclothingshouldnotbetakenhomeattheendofshift,butshouldremainatemployee'splaceofworkforcleaning.

Workclothingthatbecomeswetshouldbeimmediatelyremovedduetoitsflammabilityhazard(i.e.,forliquidswithaflashpoint




NIOSH.NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards.DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControl&Prevention.NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2010168(2010).Availablefrom:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

9.6 HandlingandStorage


Keepsparks,flames,andothersourcesofignitionaway.Keepmaterialoutofwatersourcesandsewers.Attempttostopleakifwithoutunduepersonnelhazard.Usewaterspraytoknockdownvapors.(AAR,1999)

9.6.1 NonfireSpillResponse

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Fireproof.Cool.9.6.2 SafetyStorage



Butaneinliquidformmaybestoredbothaboveandbelowground.Besidesstorageinliquefiedformunderitsvaporpressureatnormalatmospherictemperatures,refrigeratedliquidstorageatatmosphericpressuremaybeused.Suchsystemsareclosedandinsulated,andtheliquidpetroleumgasvaporiscirculatedthroughpumpsandcompressorstoserveastherefrigerantforthesystem.Butanemaybestoredinpitsintheearthcappedbymetaldomesandinundergroundchambers.


Storagetemp:ambientventing:safetyrelief.U.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.

9.6.3 StorageConditions

9.7 ExposureControlandPersonalProtection

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlTWA800ppm(1900mg/m )

9.7.1 REL3

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlnone

9.7.2 PEL



800ppm

1900mg/m3

9.7.3 RELTWA

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlN.D.

9.7.4 IDLH



fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.html1ppm=2.38mg/m9.7.5 Conversion

3


15minShortTermExposureLimit(STEL):1000ppmAmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists.ThresholdLimitValuesforChemicalSubstancesandPhysicalAgentsandBiologicalExposureIndices.ACGIH,Cincinnati,OH2013,p.15

9.7.6 ThresholdLimitValues










Australia,Belgium,Finland,France,India,Switzerland:TWA800ppm(1900mg/cum).Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

Austria,Germany,Germany(DFGMAK):TWA1000ppm.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

Denmark,Japan(JSOH),Russia:TWA500ppm(1200mg/cum).Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

Ireland,TheNetherlands,UnitedKingdom(HSEOES):TWA600ppm.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

HungaryTWA300mg/cumSTEL900mg/cum.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

PolandTWA1900mg/cumSTEL3000mg/cum.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

Russia:STEL300mg/cum.Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

Ireland:STEL750ppm(1780mg/cum).Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

Finland:STEL1,000ppm(2,350mg/cum).Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,p.V81168

9.7.7 OtherOccupationalPermissibleLevels

Skin:FrostbiteEyes:FrostbiteWashskin:NorecommendationRemove:Whenwet(flammable)Change:NorecommendationProvide:Frostbitewash

9.7.8 PersonalProtection



fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlMoreinformation.

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlNotavailable.

9.7.9 RespiratorRecommendations

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232NOopenflames,NOsparksandNOsmoking.

9.7.10 FirePrevention


Closedsystem,ventilation,explosionproofelectricalequipmentandlighting.Preventbuildupofelectrostaticcharges(e.g.,bygrounding)ifinliquidstate.Usenonsparkinghandtools.

9.7.11 ExplosionPrevention

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Useclosedsystemorventilation.9.7.12 InhalationPrevention

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Coldinsulatinggloves.Protectiveclothing.9.7.13 SkinPrevention

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Wearfaceshield.

9.7.14 EyePrevention




Compressedgasesmaycreatelowtemperatureswhentheyexpandrapidly.Leaksandusesthatallowrapidexpansionmaycauseafrostbitehazard.Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveclothingtopreventtheskinfrombecomingfrozen.


Wearappropriateeyeprotectiontopreventeyecontactwiththeliquidthatcouldresultinburnsortissuedamagefromfrostbite.


Quickdrenchfacilitiesand/oreyewashfountainsshouldbeprovidedwithintheimmediateworkareaforemergencyusewherethereisanypossibilityofexposuretoliquidsthatareextremelycoldorrapidlyevaporating.


9.7.15 ProtectiveEquipmentandClothing



9.8 StabilityandReactivity






Verydangerousfirehazardwhenexposedto...oxidizers.Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.584

Additionofnickelcarbonyltoannbutaneoxygenmixturecausesanexplosionat2040degC.NationalFireProtectionAssociationFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.14THEdition,Quincy,MA2010,p.491123

Strongoxidizers,(e.g.,nitratesandperchlorates),chlorinefluorine(nickelcarbonyl+oxygen).NIOSH.NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards.DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControl&Prevention.NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2010168(2010).Availablefrom:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg

Strongoxidizers(e.g.,nitrates&perchlorates),chlorine,fluorine,(nickelcarbonyl+oxygen)

STABILITY:Thischemicalisstableundernormallaboratoryconditions.Solutionsofthischemicalinwater,DMSO,95%ethanoloracetoneshouldbestablefor24hoursundernormallabconditions.REACTIVITY:Thiscompoundcanexplodewhenexposedtoflameorwhenmixedwith(nickelcarbonyl+oxygen).Itcanalsoreactwithoxidizers.Strongacidsandalkaliesshouldbeavoided.(NTP,1992)

9.8.1 ReactivitiesandIncompatibilities

9.9 TransportInformation




/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/FireorExplosion:EXTREMELYFLAMMABLE.Willbeeasilyignitedbyheat,sparksorflames.Willformexplosivemixtureswithair.Vaporsfromliquefiedgasareinitiallyheavierthanairandspreadalongground.CAUTION:Hydrogen(UN1049),Deuterium(UN1957),Hydrogen,refrigeratedliquid(UN1966)andMethane(UN1971)arelighterthanairandwillrise.HydrogenandDeuteriumfiresaredifficulttodetectsincetheyburnwithaninvisibleflame.Useanalternatemethodofdetection(thermalcamera,broomhandle,etc.)Vaporsmaytraveltosourceofignitionandflashback.Cylindersexposedtofiremayventandreleaseflammablegasthroughpressurereliefdevices.Containersmayexplodewhenheated.Rupturedcylindersmayrocket.

U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2012EmergencyResponseGuidebook.Washington,D.C.2012

/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/Health:Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiationwithoutwarning.Somemaybeirritatingifinhaledathighconcentrations.Contactwithgasorliquefiedgasmaycauseburns,severeinjuryand/orfrostbite.Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgases.


/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/PublicSafety:CALLEmergencyResponseTelephoneNumberonShippingPaperfirst.IfShippingPapernotavailableornoanswer,refertoappropriatetelephonenumberlistedontheinsidebackcover.Asanimmediateprecautionarymeasure,isolatespillorleakareaforatleast100meters(330feet)inalldirections.Keepunauthorizedpersonnelaway.Stayupwind.Manygasesareheavierthanairandwillspreadalonggroundandcollectinloworconfinedareas(sewers,basements,tanks).Keepoutoflowareas.


/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/ProtectiveClothing:Wearpositivepressureselfcontainedbreathingapparatus(SCBA).Structuralfirefighters'protectiveclothingwillonlyprovidelimitedprotection.Alwayswearthermalprotectiveclothingwhenhandlingrefrigerated/cryogenicliquids.


9.9.1 DOTEmergencyGuidelines








/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/Evacuation:LargeSpill:Considerinitialdownwindevacuationforatleast800meters(1/2mile).Fire:Iftank,railcarortanktruckisinvolvedinafire,ISOLATEfor1600meters(1mile)inalldirectionsalso,considerinitialevacuationfor1600meters(1mile)inalldirections.


/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/Fire:DONOTEXTINGUISHALEAKINGGASFIREUNLESSLEAKCANBESTOPPED.CAUTION:Hydrogen(UN1049),Deuterium(UN1957)andHydrogen,refrigeratedliquid(UN1966)burnwithaninvisibleflame.HydrogenandMethanemixture,compressed(UN2034)mayburnwithaninvisibleflame.SmallFire:DrychemicalorCO2.LargeFire:Watersprayorfog.Movecontainersfromfireareaifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.FireinvolvingTanks:Fightfirefrommaximumdistanceoruseunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzles.Coolcontainerswithfloodingquantitiesofwateruntilwellafterfireisout.Donotdirectwateratsourceofleakorsafetydevicesicingmayoccur.Withdrawimmediatelyincaseofrisingsoundfromventingsafetydevicesordiscolorationoftank.ALWAYSstayawayfromtanksengulfedinfire.Formassivefire,useunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzlesifthisisimpossible,withdrawfromareaandletfireburn.


/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/SpillorLeak:ELIMINATEallignitionsources(nosmoking,flares,sparksorflamesinimmediatearea).Allequipmentusedwhenhandlingtheproductmustbegrounded.Donottouchorwalkthroughspilledmaterial.Stopleakifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Ifpossible,turnleakingcontainerssothatgasescapesratherthanliquid.Usewaterspraytoreducevaporsordivertvaporclouddrift.Avoidallowingwaterrunofftocontactspilledmaterial.Donotdirectwateratspillorsourceofleak.Preventspreadingofvaporsthroughsewers,ventilationsystemsandconfinedareas.Isolateareauntilgashasdispersed.CAUTION:Whenincontactwithrefrigerated/cryogenicliquids,manymaterialsbecomebrittleandarelikelytobreakwithoutwarning.


/GUIDE115:GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)/FirstAid:Movevictimtofreshair.Call911oremergencymedicalservice.Giveartificialrespirationifvictimisnotbreathing.Administeroxygenifbreathingisdifficult.Removeandisolatecontaminatedclothingandshoes.Clothingfrozentotheskinshouldbethawedbeforebeingremoved.Incaseofcontactwithliquefiedgas,thawfrostedpartswithlukewarmwater.Incaseofburns,immediatelycoolaffectedskinforaslongaspossiblewithcoldwater.Donotremoveclothingifadheringtoskin.Keepvictimwarmandquiet.Ensurethatmedicalpersonnelareawareofthematerial(s)involvedandtakeprecautionstoprotectthemselves.




Nopersonmay/transport,/offeroracceptahazardousmaterialfortransportationincommerceunlessthatpersonisregisteredinconformance...andthehazardousmaterialisproperlyclassed,described,packaged,marked,labeled,andinconditionforshipmentasrequiredorauthorizedby.../thehazardousmaterialsregulations(49CFR171177)./

49CFR171.2(USDOT)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.Availablefrom,asofNovember4,2013:http://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/ECFR?page=browse

TheInternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA)DangerousGoodsRegulationsarepublishedbytheIATADangerousGoodsBoardpursuanttoIATAResolutions618and619andconstituteamanualofindustrycarrierregulationstobefollowedbyallIATAMemberairlineswhentransportinghazardousmaterials.

InternationalAirTransportAssociation.DangerousGoodsRegulations.47thEdition.Montreal,QuebecCanada.2006.,p.153

TheInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodelaysdownbasicprinciplesfortransportinghazardouschemicals.Detailedrecommendationsforindividualsubstancesandanumberofrecommendationsforgoodpracticeareincludedintheclassesdealingwithsuchsubstances.Ageneralindexoftechnicalnameshasalsobeencompiled.Thisindexshouldalwaysbeconsultedwhenattemptingtolocatetheappropriateproceduresto

9.9.2 ShipmentMethodsandRegulations




beusedwhenshippinganysubstanceorarticle.InternationalMaritimeOrganization.IMDGCode.InternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodeVolume22006,p.42

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.html10111159.9.3 DOTIDandGuide


9.9.4 PackagingandLabelling

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232Symbol:F+R:12S:(2)91633Note:C

9.9.5 ECClassification

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232UNHazardClass:2.1

9.9.6 UNClassification

fromILOICSC[5]http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0232TransportEmergencyCard:TEC(R)20S1011.NFPACode:H1F4R0.

9.9.7 EmergencyResponse

9.10 RegulatoryInformation

115GASESFLAMMABLE(IncludingRefrigeratedLiquids)

POTENTIALHAZARDS

FIREOREXPLOSION

*EXTREMELYFLAMMABLE.*Willbeeasilyignitedbyheat,sparksorflames.*Willformexplosivemixtureswithair.*Vaporsfromliquefiedgasareinitiallyheavierthanairandspreadalongground.

CAUTION:Hydrogen(UN1049),Deuterium(UN1957),Hydrogen,refrigeratedliquid(UN1966)andMethane(UN1971)arelighterthanairandwillrise.HydrogenandDeuteriumfiresaredifficulttodetectsincetheyburnwithaninvisibleflame.

Useanalternatemethodofdetection(thermalcamera,broomhandle,etc.)

*Vaporsmaytraveltosourceofignitionandflashback.*Cylindersexposedtofiremayventandreleaseflammablegasthroughpressurereliefdevices.*Containersmayexplodewhenheated.*Rupturedcylindersmayrocket.

HEALTH

*Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorasphyxiationwithoutwarning.*Somemaybeirritatingifinhaledathighconcentrations.*Contactwithgasorliquefiedgasmaycauseburns,severeinjuryand/orfrostbite.*Firemayproduceirritatingand/ortoxicgases.

9.10.1 DOTEmergencyResponseGuide



PUBLICSAFETY

*CALLEmergencyResponseTelephoneNumberonShippingPaperfirst.IfShippingPapernotavailableornoanswer,refertoappropriatetelephonenumberlistedontheinsidebackcover.*Asanimmediateprecautionarymeasure,isolatespillorleakareaforatleast100meters(330feet)inalldirections.*Keepunauthorizedpersonnelaway.*Stayupwind.*Manygasesareheavierthanairandwillspreadalonggroundandcollectinloworconfinedareas(sewers,basements,tanks).*Keepoutoflowareas.

PROTECTIVECLOTHING

*Wearpositivepressureselfcontainedbreathingapparatus(SCBA).*Structuralfirefighters'protectiveclothingwillonlyprovidelimitedprotection.*Alwayswearthermalprotectiveclothingwhenhandlingrefrigerated/cryogenicliquids.

EVACUATION

LargeSpill

*Considerinitialdownwindevacuationforatleast800meters(1/2mile).

Fire

*Iftank,railcarortanktruckisinvolvedinafire,ISOLATEfor1600meters(1mile)inalldirectionsalso,considerinitialevacuationfor1600meters(1mile)inalldirections.

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

FIRE

*DONOTEXTINGUISHALEAKINGGASFIREUNLESSLEAKCANBESTOPPED.

CAUTION:Hydrogen(UN1049),Deuterium(UN1957)andHydrogen,refrigeratedliquid(UN1966)burnwithaninvisibleflame.HydrogenandMethanemixture,compressed(UN2034)mayburnwithaninvisibleflame.

SmallFire

*DrychemicalorCO2.

LargeFire

*Watersprayorfog.*Movecontainersfromfireareaifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.

FireinvolvingTanks

*Fightfirefrommaximumdistanceoruseunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzles.*Coolcontainerswithfloodingquantitiesofwateruntilwellafterfireisout.*Donotdirectwateratsourceofleakorsafetydevicesicingmayoccur.*Withdrawimmediatelyincaseofrisingsoundfromventingsafetydevicesordiscolorationoftank.*ALWAYSstayawayfromtanksengulfedinfire.*Formassivefire,useunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzlesifthisisimpossible,withdrawfromareaandletfireburn.

SPILLORLEAK

*ELIMINATEallignitionsources(nosmoking,flares,sparksorflamesinimmediatearea).*Allequipmentusedwhenhandlingtheproductmustbegrounded.*Donottouchorwalkthroughspilledmaterial.*Stopleakifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.*Ifpossible,turnleakingcontainerssothatgasescapesratherthanliquid.*Usewaterspraytoreducevaporsordivertvaporclouddrift.Avoidallowingwaterrunofftocontactspilledmaterial.*Donotdirectwateratspillorsourceofleak.*Preventspreadingofvaporsthroughsewers,ventilationsystemsandconfinedareas.*Isolateareauntilgashasdispersed.

CAUTION:Whenincontactwithrefrigerated/cryogenicliquids,manymaterialsbecomebrittleandarelikelytobreakwithoutwarning.

FIRSTAID




*Movevictimtofreshair.*Call911oremergencymedicalservice.*Giveartificialrespirationifvictimisnotbreathing.*Administeroxygenifbreathingisdifficult.*Removeandisolatecontaminatedclothingandshoes.*Clothingfrozentotheskinshouldbethawedbeforebeingremoved.*Incaseofcontactwithliquefiedgas,thawfrostedpartswithlukewarmwater.*Incaseofburns,immediatelycoolaffectedskinforaslongaspossiblewithcoldwater.Donotremoveclothingifadheringtoskin.*Keepvictimwarmandquiet.*Ensurethatmedicalpersonnelareawareofthematerial(s)involvedandtakeprecautionstoprotectthemselves.



Residuesofbutaneareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedinaccordancewithgoodagriculturalpracticeasinert(oroccasionallyactive)ingredientsinpesticideformulationsappliedtogrowingcropsortorawagriculturalcommoditiesafterharvest.Use:Propellant.


Residuesofbutaneareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedinaccordancewithgoodagriculturalpracticeasinert(oroccasionallyactive)ingredientsinpesticideformulationsappliedtoanimals.Use:propellant.


9.10.2 FIFRARequirements



Substanceaddeddirectlytohumanfoodaffirmedasgenerallyrecognizedassafe(GRAS).21CFR184.1165(USFDA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.Availablefrom,asofOctober18,2013:http://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/ECFR?page=browse

Butaneusedasageneralpurposefoodadditiveinanimaldrugs,feeds,andrelatedproductsisgenerallyrecognizedassafewhenusedinaccordancewithgoodmanufacturingorfeedingpractice.


9.10.3 FDARequirements

9.11 OtherSafetyInformation


Hazardousdecompositionproductsformedunderfireconditions.Carbonoxides.SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforbutane.Productnumber494402.Version3.5.(September17,2012).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/494402?lang=enion=US

9.11.1 ToxicCombustionProducts


Onlossofcontainmentthissubstancecancausesuffocationbyloweringtheoxygencontentoftheairinconfinedareas.


9.11.2 OtherHazardousReactions



10 Toxicity

10.1 ToxicologicalInformation



Thesubstancecanbeabsorbedintothebodybyinhalation.

inhalation,skinand/oreyecontact(liquid)

10.1.1 ExposureRoutes

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmldrowsiness,narcosis,asphyxialiquid:frostbite10.1.2 Symptoms

fromNIOSHPocketGuide[6]http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0068.htmlcentralnervoussystem10.1.3 TargetOrgans



...Mixingbutaneandisobutyleneproducedanadditive.../CNSdepressant/effectin2of12miceandapotentiatingeffectintheremaining10animals.Inrats,thebutaneisobutylenemixtureshowedasummationofeffectsin9of12animalsandapotentiationofeffectsintheremaininganimals.


...Exposureofdogsto120%nbutanefor...2minto2hrhypersensitizedthehearttoventricularfibrillationinducedbyepinephrine./Inaseparatestudy/...exposureofdogstoconcnof1590%for10mincausedthehearttobesensitizedtoepinephrineinducedarrhythmias.


10.1.4 Interactions

nButaneisacolorless,flammablegasatroomtemperature.Itoccursasacomponentinnaturalgasfromwhichitisrefined.nButaneisusedasfuel,refrigerantandaerosolpropellant.Theacutetoxicityofnbutanehasbeenstudiedafterinhalationexposureinexperimentalanimals.LC50(4h)was658mg/linratsandLC50(2h)was680mg/linmice.Indogs,lethalconcentrationsrangedfrom474to592mg/l.Aconcentrationof308mg/lcausedlightanesthesiainmicewithin25minutes,andanexposureto521mg/lhadsimilareffectwithinoneminute.nButane...sensitiz/ed/themyocardiumtoepinephrineinducedcardiacarrhythmiasindogsafterinhalation.Noreportsonacutetoxicityofnbutaneinexperimentalanimalsbyotheradministrationrouteswerelocatedintheavailableliterature.Ina21dayinhalationtoxicitystudyofamixtureofnbutane,isobutane,npentaandisopentane,containing25%ofeach,theabsenceoftoxicitywasevidentupto11.8mg/lwhichwasthehighestconcentrationtested.ThestudywasperformedinSpragueDawleyratswhichwereexposed6hoursperdayoverthreeweeksforatotalof15exposures.Nolongtermstudiesusingpurenbutanewerelocatedintheavailableliterature.NomutagenicactivitywasobservedinseveraltestsinSalmonellatyphimuriumstrainsTA1535,TA1537,TA1538,TA98andTA100withorwithouttheadditionofanexogenousmetabolismsystem.Nostudiesoncarcinogenicity,reproductiontoxicityandteratogenicity,immunotoxicityorallergywerelocatedintheavailableliterature.Severalreportsonhumanexposuretonbutanewereavailable.Theincreasingabuseofvolatilesubstances,nbutanebeingamongthem,increasestheriskofsuddendeathinconnectiontoinhalationofthegas.Therangeofconcentrationsthatmayleadto"high"feelingsortodeathhasbeennotedtobeverynarrow.Theuseofaovencleanercontainingnbutaneaspropellanthascausedtransient

10.1.5 ToxicitySummary




myoclonusinonepatient.Nootherphysicalabnormalitieswerenoted.Anaerosolspraywhichcontainednbutaneaspropellant,wasreportedtocausedeepfrostbitesymptomsirtheskinwhensprayeddirectlyonit.Becauseoftheanestheticeffectofnbutane,truckdriversandterminaloperatorsfromdifferentloadingfacilitiesandservicestationswereexaminedforexposuregasolinevapourscontaining90to92percentnbutane,isobutane,npentaneandisopentane.ExposurestothegasolinevaporweresubstantiallylowerthantheestablishedACGIHthresholdvalues(300ppmor0.89mg/lforgasoline,and800ppmor1.9mg/lfornbutane).Occupationalexposureof53malerefineryworkersforanaverageof11yearstonbutane(concentrationvariedfrom0.0004mg/lto0.0178mg/l)didnotcauseanyclinicalsymptomsintheworkers....Inconclusion,exposuretolowconcentrationsofnbutanehasnotbeenreportedtocauseadverseeffectsinhumans.Itisanesthetictobothhumansandexperimentalanimals.Suddendeathmayoccurwhennbutaneisinhaledathighconcentrations.Thesafetymarginbetweenanestheticandlethalconcentrationsappearstobeverynarrow.Chronicexposuretonbutanehasbeenreportedtocausesomesymptomsinthecentralnervoussystem.Criticaleffectsmightbelethalitywheninhaledinhighdoses,andeffectsonthecentralnervoussysteminchronicallyexposedindividuals.

BerzinsTNord28:1026(1995)





FIRSTAID:SkinONCONTACTWITHLIQUIDFROSTBITE:rinsewithplentyofwater,doNOTremoveclothes.ReferformedicalattentionEyesONCONTACTWITHLIQUIDFROSTBITE.Firstrinsewithplentyofwaterforseveralminutes(removecontactlensesifeasilypossible),thenreferformedicalattention.

IPCS,CECInternationalChemicalSafetyCardonbutane.(2003).Availablefrom,asofNovember11,2013.http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0232.htm

Immediatefirstaid:Ensurethatadequatedecontaminationhasbeencarriedout.Ifpatientisnotbreathing,startartificialrespiration,preferablywithademandvalveresuscitator,bagvalvemaskdevice,orpocketmask,astrained.PerformCPRifnecessary.Immediatelyflushcontaminatedeyeswithgentlyflowingwater.Donotinducevomiting.Ifvomitingoccurs,leanpatientforwardorplaceontheleftside(headdownposition,ifpossible)tomaintainanopenairwayandpreventaspiration.Keeppatientquietandmaintainnormalbodytemperature.Obtainmedicalattention./Aliphatichydrocarbonsandrelatedcompounds/

Currance,P.L.Clements,B.,Bronstein,A.C.(Eds).EmergencyCareForHazardousMaterialsExposure.3Rdedition,ElsevierMosby,St.Louis,MO2005,p.241

Basictreatment:Establishapatentairway(oropharyngealornasopharyngealairway,ifneeded).Suctionifnecessary.Watchforsignsofrespiratoryinsufficiencyandassistventilationsifnecessary.Administeroxygenbynonrebreathermaskat10to15L/min.Monitorforpulmonaryedemaandtreatifnecessary....Anticipateseizuresandtreatifnecessary....Foreyecontamination,flusheyesimmediatelywithwater.Irrigateeacheyecontinuouslywith0.9%saline(NS)duringtransport....Donotuseemetics.Foringestion,rinsemouthandadminister5mL/kgupto200mLofwaterfordilutionifthepatientcanswallow,hasastronggagreflex,anddoesnotdrool.Administeractivatedcharcoal....Treatfrostbitewithrapidrewarmingtechniques..../Aliphatichydrocarbonsandrelatedcompounds/


Advancedtreatment:Considerorotrachealornasotrachealintubationforairwaycontrolinthepatientwhoisunconscious,hasseverepulmonaryedema,orisinsevererespiratorydistress.Positivepressureventilationtechniqueswithabagvalvemaskdevicemaybebeneficial.Considerdrugtherapyforpulmonaryedema....Monitorcardiacrhythmandtreatarrhythmiasasnecessary....StartIVadministrationofD5W/SRP:"Tokeepopen",minimalflowrate/.Use0.9%saline(NS)orlactatedRinger's(LR)ifsignsofhypovolemiaarepresent.Forhypotensionwithsignsofhypovolemia,administerfluidcautiously.Watchforsignsoffluidoverload....Treatseizureswithdiazepamorlorazepam....Useproparacainehydrochloridetoassisteyeirrigation..../Aliphatichydrocarbonsandrelatedcompounds/


10.1.6 AntidoteandEmergencyTreatment

10.1.7 HumanToxicityExcerpts












/HUMANEXPOSURESTUDIES/Mildlytoxicbyinhalation.Causesdrowsiness.Anasphyxiant.Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.584

/HUMANEXPOSURESTUDIES/A10minuteexposureat10,000ppm(1%)butanegasresultsindrowsiness,butnootherevidenceofsystemiceffects.

AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists.DocumentationofThresholdLimitValuesforChemicalSubstancesandPhysicalAgentsandBiologicalExposureIndicesfor2012.Cincinnati,OH.2012.

/HUMANEXPOSURESTUDIES/...Aspray/fromacigarettelighter/ontheeye(preignition)repeatedlycausedtransientblurringofvision.

Grant,W.M.ToxicologyoftheEye.3rded.Springfield,IL:CharlesC.ThomasPublisher,1986.,p.162

/HUMANEXPOSURESTUDIES/Ondirectcontact,liquefiedbutanemaycauseburnsor

butane _ c4h10 - pubchem

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