butterflies of moreton bay region (queensland)

7/29/2019 Butterflies of Moreton Bay Region (Queensland)

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Living with the

Butteries of the

Moreton Bay Region

B u

t t e r f l i e s



Butteries are among the most delightful and

interesting of animals. Every garden no matter

how small is visited by butteries from time to

time. The Moreton Bay region (and its surrounds)

is home to a great variety of butteries.

Courtyard & balcony gardens, small backyards,

and bushland blocks can all supply food for

butteries.

This booklet provides information about buttery

caterpillar food plants as well as nectar rich

plants for adult butteries.

Did you know?

Council’s Environmental Services Departmentcan provide you with a list of native plant species

especially suited to your property’s location and

geology. Environmental Ofcers can also offer advice

about property management, plant and animal

identication, revegetation, weed control and wildlife

conservation.

We will encourage morebutterfies (and other native

wildlie) into our gardens i weplant local native plants and

reduce or avoid pesticides.

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The buttery gardenEvery garden will have many buttery species ying,

feeding and completing their life cycles (eggs, larvae,

pupae and adults), if we supply the needs of larvae and

adults. To ensure this, gardens can be designed to provide

foliage and plant material for caterpillars, and a good

range of nectar rich owers throughout the year.

By providing food and habitat for caterpillars and adultbutteries we are also supplying resources for many

other native animals. Local native plants (those species

that naturally occur in our region) are the best choice for

creating a buttery friendly garden. See page 15 for plant

species information.

Butteries and other insectsButteries are invertebrates (animals without backbones)

and belong to Class Insecta. Insects, like all arthropods,

have segmented bodies and paired, jointed legs. Instead

of an internal skeleton, insects have a hard outer covering

(exoskeleton). Insects, typically, in the adult form, possess

three major body parts (head, thorax and abdomen) and

most have three pairs of walking legs.

This garden at Mt Glorious was designed

for butteries. It now provides food and

habitat for many other native animals

including insects, lizards, frogs, birds and

possums.

Wings covered incoloured scales

Abdomen

Thorax

Proboscis

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Butteries and mothsButteries and moths are grouped into the Order

Lepidoptera and differ from other insects. For example, the

adult typically has much-reduced mouth parts except for

those parts associated with and forming the proboscis – a

coiled tube used for sucking up water, nectar and other

plant juices. The membranous wings are covered on both

surfaces with overlapping scales, and are strengthened by

veins which also brace them – much like battens do a sail.

Moths, though closely related to butteries, differ in

several ways. If the antennae (‘feelers’) are not clubbed it

is a moth. Some Australian moths have clubbed antennae,

but those that do also have a bristle attached near the

base of the hind wing that ts under the fore wing. The

only Australian buttery that has this is the male Regent

Skipper.

Generally, butteries are day active (diurnal) but some only

y during twilight hours. Moths are usually night-active

(nocturnal) but some y only during the day. Moths are

generally nectar feeders – though some may not feed at allduring their adult phase.

Moth

Buttery

Moths and butteries are pollinators activeat different times of the day and night.

DAY (Diurnal)

Tailed Emperor

Joseph’s CoatMothbeautiful and

day-ying.

DUSK/DAWN (Crepuscular)

Evening Brown

NIGHT-TIME (Nocturnal) Female Erebus terminitincta

moth

We usually think of butteries as having beautiful colours

and moths as being in shades of grey and brown. However,

some butteries are drab in appearance while some moths

are exquisitely coloured.

Evening Brownbuttery

well camouagedon leafy forest

oor where it

often rests during

the day.

Butteries have excellent colour vision (as do birds and

humans). Some butteries have a preference for some

colours over others (e.g. Swallowtails are attracted to red).

Many moths, because they y at night, are attracted to

white and yellow owers, which are more easily seen in

darkness.

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From caterpillar toadult butteryLike insects of some other groups, butteries go through

four major changes (complete metamorphosis) during their

life history – egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis) and

adult. The female lays her eggs on plants that she ‘knows’

to be suitable for her larvae to eat (i.e. host plants). As the

larva feeds, it grows and sheds its skin

(a process called ecdysis). Some larvae, especially those of

Birdwing butteries, consume the freshly shed skin in order

not to lose the valuable biochemicals contained within.

Freshly hatched larvae of this group also eat the eggshell

from which they have hatched.

The periods of larval growth in between successive ecdyses

are called instars. In butteries there are typically four

instars. The pupa (often called a chrysalis) is a non-feeding

stage in which the larval organs are

re-organised. After the adult emerges it never grows

any larger.

Buttery life cycle(species shown: Orchard Swallowtail)

The relative length of time of the stages

that butteries progress through varies

according to species and environmental

conditions such as climatic zone, local

weather and season of the year. Some

butteries may have only one brood per year

and spend most of their lives in the larval stages.

Some may have autumn and spring broods, or,

especially in tropical areas, a succession of broods.

In cooler areas one or more of the early stages is

often much longer than those of the same species in

warmer areas.

FA - How long do butteries live?As with most insects their lifespan depends on if and when

they are taken by a predator. As a rule, smaller species such

as the Lycaenids (Blues) live for around three weeks or so,

while larger butteries such as Birdwings can live for over

two months. These estimates are taken from a captive-

breeding situation where most predators are excluded.

Some species whose larvae feed on toxic plants are able to

sequester (store) these toxins in their systems. Unpalatable

due to toxicity, they are avoided by predators and may livefor many months – some even being able to overwinter.

Examples are the Wanderer, Crow, and Blue Tiger butteries.

Egg

Larva

PupaAdult

An early instar

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Display ights and matingby Anthony Hiller

Display ights and mating are one of the most interesting

facets of buttery behaviour. The Swallowtail butteries

are particularly spectacular in this respect. Males will y

closely behind the female and wait for her to alight (land).

When she does, he will hover over her, getting closer

and closer, land beside her, and if she is receptive she

will allow him to mate. Usually, this occurs in a shelteredsituation to avoid predation. If she is already mated,

she may reject him and y off and he will depart to seek

another female.

Mating may last for an hour or more depending on the

species and whether or not the pair is disturbed.

Once mating is completed the female will seek a suitable

host plant on which to lay her eggs.

A Glasswingdeposits eggsonto host plant

HilltoppingHilltopping, although not well

studied, is the congregation of some buttery species on

the tops of ridges and hills – and a captivating sight to

behold. It is thought that this behaviour may maximise the

chances of nding a suitable mate. There is still much to

discover in this fascinating area of buttery study.

Buttery larvaeButtery larvae themselves are often particularly

beautiful and interesting.

Some butterfyspecies congregateon hills and ridges.

Evening Brown larvae

feed on the foliage of native grasses - Blady

Grass and Kangaroo

Grass.

Glasswing larvae feed

on the foliage of Spade

ower and Corky Passion

Vine.

Orchard Swallowtail larva

showing its red osmeterium

– a gland which emits an

odoriferous liquid and is

displayed when the animal is

threatened.

Wanderer Larva.

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Buttery dispersal Once emerged, some buttery species embark on

impressively long journeys – often referred to as migration.

In the Moreton Bay region the Caper White buttery is

one of the most conspicuous. Assisted by the wind, these

butteries can travel hundreds of kilometres to nd food

trees and mates. During springtime (and often coinciding

with hot stormy weather) Caper Whites begin to disperse

throughout South-East Qld – some years in very largenumbers indeed.

Many Caper Whites

A defoliated host tree

– this frenzied feeding

process is a natural

phenomenon to which

the plant is adapted. It

will soon recover with a

ush of new foliage.

Brush Caper Berry– a food source for Caper

White, Striated Pearl-white

and Southern Pearl-white

caterpillars.

A (comparatively) recent arrival In February 1871 the Brisbane Courier reported that

the Monarch buttery (known commonly here as the

Wanderer) had arrived in Australia.

This large buttery has dispersed widely from its native

home in the Americas – ‘hop-scotching’ across the Pacic

Islands to reach Australia. Monarchs have also colonised

parts of Europe. Monarch larvae feed on certain plants of

the ‘milkweed’ family, ASCLEPIADACEAE, including the Red

head cotton bush - a common weed (pictured below).

Monarch

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Requirements of butteriesIn general, butteries need

Suitable ood plants or caterpillars

Food or adults

Water or adults

Suitable larval food plants(caterpillar food)Caterpillars of particular species will only survive on the

leaves of certain host plants. Others will eat more than one

species of plant.

Small GreenBandedBlue on

Soap Tree,

Alphitonia

excelsa –

its larval

food.

Red Passion Vine Passiora aurantia –Glasswing larval food.

Evidence of

caterpillar activity

– if no insecticide is

used, butteries

will follow.Black JeZebel caterpillars feeding

on mistletoe.

Many local native plant species provide foodfor buttery caterpillars.

Growing caterpillarsTo encourage butteries to breed, we may plant suitable

native food hosts (local plant species) in our gardens.

Some native host plants may be partially or almost totally

defoliated by feeding larvae. We need not

worry. The plant is adapted to this and will recover;

and we will be rewarded with a multitude of newly emerged

butteries.

Just some buttery-caterpillar food plants of the

region . . .

Spade flowerHybanthus stellarioides

Foliage of this delicate herb

is a food source for Glasswing

larvae. The species often

features in eucalypt forests

with moist understoreys.

Yellow Buttons Chrysocephalum apiculatum

Caterpillars of the Australian

Painted Lady feast on the

leaves of this common

perennial herb. Yellow Buttons

is easily cultivated from

cuttings or seed and is a ne

plant for rockeries and cottage

gardens.

Ground covers and herbs

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Love FlowerPseuderanthemum variabile

The leaves of this delicate

herbaceous perennial provide

food for several buttery

caterpillar species including

the beautiful Blue-bandedEggy and Leafwings. The

species is commonly found in

moist shady eucalypt forests.

It looks spectacular as a mass

planted understorey.

LomandraLomandra hystrix, L. longifolia etc,

Lomandra foliage provides food

for the larve of some species of

Skipper butteries. The larvae

construct ‘shelters’ by joining

leaves together to form a tight silk-lined structure. Lomandra plants

are commonly used in landscaping

and are especially good for creek

bank stabilisation.

Kangaroo Grass

Themeda triandraThis native grass is gaining

popularity as a landscaping

species. Kangaroo Grass is a

food source for buttery species

including the larvae of the

Evening Brown, Common Brown

and Orange Ringlet.

Pademelon Grasses Oplismenus species. These soft

trailing groundcovers are larval

food plants for Wonder Brown

Butteries. Oplismenus species

are good natives for shadier areas

of the garden – and especially

useful under trees and between

stepping stones. Similar species

includes Graceful Grass, Ottochloa

gracillima, which is also a

caterpillar food plant.

Stinging Nettle, Urtica incisa

Caution! A prickly customer,

yes, but nettle is a very useful

plant for buttery gardens.

Stinging Nettle is a food plant for

caterpillars of the Yellow Admiral

buttery. Obviously site selection

should favour areas away from

paths – preferably towards the

rear of garden beds, and shady,

moist areas. Appropriate clothing

(including gloves) is necessary

when working near nettle.

A Yellow Admiral freshly

emerged from pupa on stinging

nettle.

Native grassesButtery-caterpillar food plants of the region cont. . .

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Coffee BushBreynia oblongifolia

This spreading shrub to about

2-3 metres tall bears bright red

fruit which turns black when

ripe. It’s a useful pioneer

species and a host plant for

the Large Grass-yellow buttery(see page 33)

Native Finger LimeCitrus australasica

This tall shrub (growing to around

4m) is host for the sweetly

named Dainty Swallowtail

buttery. The Native Finger

Lime is hardy, slow growing,

and produces edible fruit. It is a

nice addition to any bush tucker

garden.

Dainty Swallowtail depositing eggs on

native citrus

Native PlumGuilfoylia monostylis

Native plum is a small tree

(to 6m) with lime green

leaves and bearing bright

yellow owers midsummer.

Native Plum grows on the

edges of rainforest and

wet eucalypt forest and is

a food for Tailed Emperor

caterpillars.

Dogwood, Jacksonia scoparia

Caterpillars of the Fiery Jewel and

Copper Pencilled-blue eat the ower

buds and owers of this species.

Dogwood grows to around 4m tall, and

provides interesting form and colour

for a mixed planting.

Shrubs

Brisbane WattleAcacia mbriata

Green WattleAcacia irrorata

subspecies irrorata

Forest hop BushDodonaea triquetra

The Native Hop shrubs grow

to about 3m and are ideal for

smaller gardens. Caterpillars of the

exquisite Fiery Jewel buttery

feed on the foliage of this species.

Acacia foliage is eaten by caterpillars of the Imperial

Hairstreak, Moonlight Jewel, and others. Acacias are

pioneer plants – and often the rst to appear after

disturbance. They are useful for revegetation projects and

attract lots of animals including possums, gliders,

and birds. Most grow to 3-5 metres. Some

dwarf forms are available.

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Trees

Brown KurrajongCommersonia bartramia

Medium sized tree to 20m.

Brown Kurrajong is quick

growing – making it a popular

species for revegetation

projects. Its leaves are eaten by

caterpillars of the Coral Jewel

buttery. It also attracts Ladybird

beetles.

TuckerooCupaniopsis anacardioides

A small tree (to 10m) popular with

urban landscapers; its dense crown

of glossy green leaves provides

good shade and requires little

maintenance. Foliage and fruit are

food for caterpillars including the

Common Pencilled-blue and Bright

Cornelian butteries.

Sandpaper figsFicus coronata,

F.opposita, F. fraseri

grow to about 10–15m if left

unpruned. The leaves are food

for caterpillars including those

of the Common Crow and Purple

Moonbeam butteries. This

species attracts loads of wildlife.

Although hardy, it excels in moistshady areas – especially along

creeks and drainage lines.

Brush Box Lophostemon confertus

Brush Box is a handsome,

manageable gum tree to 30m

– but usually only reaching this

height in a forest setting. It is a

good shade tree and lovely main

feature when given adequate

space. Brush Box leaves are eaten

by the Coral Jewel and Bronze Flat

butteries. Under-planting with

shrubs, grasses, and ground coverswill attract many more buttery species. It’s also a

Koala food tree.

Vines and Palms

Native WisteriaCallerya megasperma

Surely one of our prettiest rainforest

vines. This species does best where it

can clamber into the canopy of a tall

tree. It’s a host plant for

Common Pencilled-blue buttery.

Piccabeen PalmArchontophoenix cunninghamiana

The leaves of this gorgeous palm tree

provide food for larvae of the Orange

Palm-dart and Yellow Palm-dart

butteries. These palms grow

best in moister environments –

and naturally occur in rainforest and

wet eucalypt forest.

Barbed Wire Vine, Smilax australis

This is a tough leaved climber

common in our region, and host plant

for Fiery Jewels.

Monkey Rope, Parsonsia straminea

Monkey Rope is one of the many

species on which Common Crow

butteries lay their eggs. It’s a

widespread woody climber in the

Moreton Bay region, and commonly

seen growing on eucalypts,

melaleucas and she-oaks.

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Melaleuca spp. (including those

formally of the Callistemon genus)

Many different species belong to this

genus. All produce sweet owers which

attract butteries.

Crown of Gold TreeBarklya syringifolia

This rainforest tree is stunning

in ower. Crown of Gold occurs

naturally in our region. It may grow

to 20m in a rainforest; and around

7m in cultivation. Easily prune

managed.

MacadamiaMacadamia trees usually ower in late

winter/spring and will attract butteries

and native bees. Flowers of the ‘Home

Beauty’ cultivar

(M. integrifolia x M. tetraphylla)

are pictured here.

Rusty Gum Angophora leiocarpa

A tree to 25m, though probably smaller

in cultivation, and can be pruned. Its

sweet owers attract loads of wildlife. It’s

also a Koala food tree.

Butteries need waterEspecially in hot dry weather, butteries need extra water.

We can provide water for butteries and other wildlife

by constructing garden ponds and bog gardens withperipheral ‘sand soaks’. Pond plants with oating leaves

cater for butteries and other insects.

Some butteries will also seek moisture from

decaying fruit.

Here, an aggregation of butteries

sip water from moist sand. It is

thought that some species exhibit

this behaviour (known as mud-

puddling or puddling) in order to take

up mineral salts in the water, which

in some way are benecial to the insect. It may be important

to the males’ fertilisation process as it is normally only

males that are found in this situation. Mud-puddling is most

commonly practiced by Papilionid (swallowtails) and Pierid

(whites) butteries, and also Lycaenids (blues).

Birdbaths provide

water for butteries.

Pavetta, Pavetta australienses

Pavetta is a gorgeous shrub growing to

around 4m and naturally occurring in

dry rainforest. Sweet Pavetta nectar is

consumed by butteries and moths.

Bolwarra, Eupomatia laurinaBolwarra is a glossy leaved shrub/small

tree to around 6m. Its ower scent is

suggestive of sweet sherry and irresistible

to many insects including some buttery

species.

Food for adults(nectar and plant juices)Butteries feed on nectar from owers, and other suitable

plant juices. If we plant natives that produce large quantities

of nectar, we can attract a wide variety of butteries that

would otherwise y past. Many plants from overseas will also

supply this food, but a lot are weeds that invade bushland.

For example, Lantana produces lots of owers and is often

suggested as a species to attract butteries. Lantana species

though, are such serious weeds that we should not encourageany of them to grow anywhere. We should replace them with

suitable native species.

Contact council’s Environmental Services Departmentfor more information about local native plants.

Environmental Ofcers can supply you with a list ofplants suitable for your location.

Some local plants that feed

adult butteries include . . .

Many native plants provide nectarfor butteries

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Pesticide chemicals

Some exotic plants(including Jacarandas and Dutchman’s Pipe Vine)

Avoiding pesticide chemicals

Spraying caterpillars (‘grubs’) with pesticides will diminish

buttery populations. Unfortunately, many of us have been

mislead by television and radio gardening shows and the

advertisements of chemical companies into believing that

any chewed, curled or less than perfect leaf on any plant

is unnatural, unsightly and indicates that application of

insecticide is necessary.

There are no chemicals that killonly the ‘bad’ insects.

Most buttery caterpillars eat plant leaves. For example,

Orchard Swallowtail butteries and many of their familyeat the leaves of citrus plants. If we spray the caterpillars

(along with other ‘pests’) no citrus butteries will result.

Chewed leaves of Hairy BirdsEye, Alectryon tomentosus.

Egg from an OrchardSwallowtail butterfly

on a lemon tree.

Some plants to avoidSome imported plants may also be eaten by buttery

larvae, but it is more environmentally sound to use

only native plants. For example, leaves of the imported

Camphor Laurel tree are larval food of Blue Triangles, but

this tree is one of the most serious environmental weeds;

and there are many lovely native laurels and other suitable

replacements.

A Blue Triangle on

(local native) Wild uince,Guioa semiglauca.

Dutchman’s Pipe – an exotic

that kills the larvae of the rare

Richmond Birdwing.

Some imported plants that

are closely related to natives,

attract and cue female

butteries to lay their eggs,

but the larvae die when they

eat the leaves. This is how the

exotic Dutchman’s Pipe vine

kills the caterpillars of our very

beautiful and rare Richmond

Birdwing buttery.

Richmond Birdwing VinePararistolochia praevenosa

A rainforest vine and host for the

Richmond Birdwing. Best planted

in groups of three or more i.e. plant

several vines in close proximity –

somewhere where they can climb

in among the canopy of local native

trees.

The rare RichmondBirdwingbutterfly.

O

If we stop all spraying of our

citrus (and other plants in our

lawns and gardens) ‘friendly’

insects, spiders and otheranimals such as birds, lizards

and marsupials will help to

keep unwanted insects under

control.

What to avoid

emale male

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Richmond BirdwingVine Flower.

Tailed Emperorcaterpillar

Tailed Emperoradult butterfly

Chalcid waspparasitising buttery

pupa.

Caterpillars of the Tailed

Emperor buttery are poisoned

fatally after ingesting thefoliage from Jacaranda trees.

Jacaranda mimosa is

poisonous to Tailed

Emperor caterpillars.

Lacebark Tree Brachychiton discolour

A local beauty, Lacebark is

an excellent replacement for

Jacaranda. It attracts

local wildlife.

Buttery predatorsby Anthony Hiller

Many insects are food for predators, and butteries are no

exception.

Mammals and birdsObvious buttery predators are birds – especially those

that feed on the wing (catch their food while ying).

Swallows have been observed taking Caper White

butteries and many smaller species fall prey to birds suchas Fantails and Yellow Robins. Species of insectivorous

birds also search foliage for larvae and eggs.

Some small mammals, notably the carnivorous marsupial

mice Antechinus species, also feed on larvae and pupae.

Spiders, wasps and iesThe parasites of the early stages of butteries are many

and include Chalcid wasps that pierce the shell of the

pupa with a sharp egg-laying tube (ovipositor) and lay their

own eggs inside. The hatchling wasp larvae feed on the

contents of the pupa, and emerge as adult wasps.

Tachinid ies glue their eggs to the skins of buttery larvae.

Upon hatching, the y larvae burrow through the larval skin

and consume the contents, leaving the vital organs until

last to ensure an ongoing fresh food supply.

Other parasitic ies lay their eggs on the larval host plant

which are then consumed by the buttery larvae with the

same result.

Many wasps take buttery

larvae to provision their own

brood cells and feed their own

larvae. Tiny species of parasitic

wasps even pierce buttery eggs

with the same result.

Some plants to avoid continued...

26 27



Many buttery species lay over 200 eggs per female. It has

been stated that were it not for all these predators and

parasites, we would not be able to breathe for the amount

of butteries occupying the air.

Spiders, too, are serious buttery predators, taking

butteries which are snared in their webs.

The Flower Spider liesin ambush waiting orunwary butterlies tovisit the lower.

FA - Why are there fewer butteriesnow than when I was a child?Firstly, children are often more observant and have more time

to take in their surroundings than do adults. Unfortunately,

our current regimes of insecticide spray use in the garden

as well as environmental degradation and native vegetation

clearing is having a negative effect on buttery populations.

FA - Do butteries die if thecoloured ‘dust’ is rubbed from theirwings?Buttery wings are covered in tiny pigmented scales, much

like miniature tiles on a roof. Each one overlaps others and

they are fastened by one end only. If these are rubbed,

they will come away from the wing, leaving colour on the

ngers, and a clear patch on the wing. This does not kill

the buttery, but may interfere with mate selection as the

pattern would be altered. It will also reduce the insect’s

ability to repel water.

Males and females of some butteriesdier. This is termed sexual dimorphism.

ClearwingSwallowtails

VariedEggly

emale

emale

male

male

28 29



Some butteries are more beautiful underthe wings than above.

YellowAlbatross

ScarletJeZebel

Buttery family groups (Images not true to life-size)

Skippers etc

Swallowtails

Regent Skipper

A Skipper

Four-BarredSwordtail

ChequeredSwallowtail

30 31





Whites andYellows

Swallowtails

Yellow-spottedJeZebel

Black JeZebel

Blue Triangle

Caper White

Macleay’sSwallowtail

Richmond Birdwing(Male)

Large Grass-yellow (male)- Wet season orm

Clear-WingSwallowtail (Male)

Yellow Albatross

32 33





Nymphs etcNymphs etc

Common BrownSwamp Tiger

White-banded PlaneLesser Wanderer

Yellow AdmiralPurple Crow

Australian PaintedLadyBlue Tiger

Tailed EmperorCommon Brown Ringlet

34 35





Blues,Coppers, etcNymphs etc

Imperial HairstreakMeadow Argus

Small Green-banded BlueGlasswing

Common PencilBlue (Female)Australian Leawing

36 37



Some butteries of the Moreton Bay regionand food sources for their caterpillars

Common Name Scientic Name Native Plants for Caterpillars

Narrow-winged Awl Badamia exclamationis Pongamia pinnata

Orange Palm-dart Cephrenes augiadesPiccabeen Palm, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana; +Walking Stick Palm,

Linospadix monostachya; Cabbage Tree Palm, Livistona australis

Regent Skipper Euschemon rafesia +Tetra Beech, Wilkiea huegeliana; +Large-leaf Wilkiea, W. macrophylla

Green Awl Hasora discolor Burny Bean, Mucana gigantea; Macaranga, Macaranga tanarius

Large Banded Awl Hasora khoda Native Wisteria, Callerya megasperma

Bronze Flat Netrocoryne repanda

Brush Box, Lophostemon confertus; Corkwood, Endiandra sieberi; Kurrajong, Brachychiton

populneus; Flintwood, Scolopia braunii; Wild Quince, Alectryon subcinereus;+Mock Olive,

Notelaea longifolia; +Blueberry Ash, Elaeocarpus reticulartus;Native Laurels, Cryptocarya

spp;+White Bolly Gum, Neolitsea dealbata; Brown Bolly Gum, Litsea leefeana

Common Pencilled-blue Candalides absimilis

Tuckeroos, Cupaniopsis spp; Black Bean, Castanospermum australe; Native Wisteria,

Callerya megasperma; +Coast Bird’s Eye, Alectryon coriaceus; Scrub Whitewood,

Atalaya salicifolia; Blunt-leaf Tulip, Harpullia hillii; Supplejack, Flagellaria indica;

Macadamia; Flame Tree, Brachychiton acerifolium; Kurrajong, B. populneus;

Copper Pencilled-blue Candalides cyprotus +Dogwood, Jacksonia scoparia; Devils Rice, Conospermum taxifolium;

Varied Dusky Blue Candalides hyacinthina +Dodder Laurels, Cassytha pubescens; C. liformis

Speckled Line-blue Catopyrops orindaPeach Leaf, Trema tomentosa; Caesalpinia bonduc; Tulipwood, Harpullia pendula;

+Native Mulberry, Pipturus argenteus

Small Green-banded Blue Psychonotis caelius Soap Tree/Red Ash, Alphitonia excelsa; Pink Ash, A. petrei

Hairy Line-blue Erysichton lineataTuckeroo, Cupaniopsis anacardioides; +Coast Bird’s Eye, Alectryon coriaceus; Koda, Ehretia

acuminata; Macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia; Blue Lilly Pilly, Syzygium oleosum

Copper Jewel Hypochrysops apelles

Soap Tree, Alphitonia excelsa; Red Mangrove, Rhizophora stylosa; Orange

Mangrove, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Yellow Mangrove, Ceriops tagal; Grey

Mangrove, Avicennia marina; Grey Ironbark, Eucalyptus siderophloia

Fiery Jewel Hypochrysops ignita

+Dogwood, Jacksonia scoparia; Soap Tree, Alphitonia excelsa; Tuckeroo,

Cupaniopsis anacardioides; Hard Quandong, Elaeocarpus obovatus; +Hop Bushes,

Dodonaea triquetra & D. viscosa; +Native Daphne, Brachyloma daphnoides;

Hickory Wattle, Acacia disparrima; +Barbwire Vine, Smilax australis; +Lolly Bush,

Clerodendrum oribundum; Native Cherries, Exocarpus cupressiformis &

E. latifolius; Swamp Box, Lophostemon suaveolens

Imperial Hairstreak Jalmenus evagorasMistletoe, Amyema pendula; Wattles e.g. Blackwood, Acacia melanoxylon; Blue Skin

Wattle, A. irrorata; Brisbane Wattle, A. mbriata; +Sickle-leaf Wattle, A. falcata

Large Purple Line-blue Nacaduba berenice

Tuckeroo, Cupaniopsis anacardioides; +Coast Bird’s Eye, Alectryon coriaceus;

Macadamias, M. integrifolia & M. tetraphylla; Rose Tamarind, Arytera divaricata;

Scrub Whitewood, Atalaya salicifolia; Native Elm, Aphananthe philippinensis

Common Moonbeam Philiris innotatus Sandpaper Figs, Ficus coronata; F. opposita

Felder’s Lineblue Prosotus felder

Wattles e.g. Early Black Wattle, Acacia leiocalyx, +Mountain Hickory, A.

penninervis; +Dune Wattle, A. sophorae; +Coast Bird’s Eye, Alectryon coriaceus;

Tuckeroo, Cupaniopsis anacardioides; Macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia

Zebra Blue Leptotes plinius +Plumbago, Plumbago zeylanica

Glistening Blue Sahulana scintillataTuckeroo, Cupaniopsis anacardioides; +Coast Bird’s Eye, Alectryon coriaceus;

Early Black Wattle, Acacia leiocalyx

Common Grass-blue Zizina labradus+Emu Foot, Cullen tenax; +Native Indigo, Indigophera australis; +Twining Glycine,

Glycine clandestina; +Wooly Glycine, G. tomentella +Desmodium nemorosum,

+D.rhytidophyllum; False Sarsparilla, Hardenbergia violacea

Family Hesperiidae (Skippers, Awls, Flats)

Family Lycaenidae (Blues and Coppers)

+ = suitable for small gardens

* introduced

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Four-barred Swordtail Protographium leosthenes Zigzag Vine, Melodorum leichhardtii

Macleay’s Swallowtail Graphium macleayanus

Socketwood, Daphnandra species; Rib-fruit Pepperberry, Cryptocarya

hypospodia; Pigeonberry Ash, C. erythroxylon; Brown Laurel, C. triplinervis;

Hairy Walnut, Endiandra pubens; Rose Walnut, E. discolor

Blue Triangle Graphium sarpedon

Camphorwood, Cinnamomum oliveri; Blush Walnut, Beilschmiedia obtusifolia; Brown Laurel, Cryptocarya triplinervis; Rib-fruit Pepperberry, C. hypospodia;

Murrogun, C. microneura; Bolly Gum, Litsea reticulata; Brown Bolly Gum,

L. leefeana; Scrub Wilga, Geijera salicifolia; +White Bolly Gum, Neolitsea

dealbata; +Lolly Bushes, Clerodendrum oribundum & C. tomentosum

Pale Triangle Graphium eurypylusZigzag Vine, Melodorum leichhardtii; Canary Beech, Polyalthia nitidissima;

Native Tamarind, Diploglottis australis

Clear-wing Swallowtail Cressida cressida+Native pipe vines, Pararistolochia sp. aff. pubera, Pararistolochia laheyana,

+P. praevenosa

Richmond Birdwing Ornithoptera richmondia +Native pipe vines, Pararistolochia praevenosa, P. laheyana & P. sp. aff. pubera

Dainty Swallowtail Papilio anactus +Native Lime, Citrus australis; +Finger Lime C. australasica

Orchard Swallowtail Papilio aegeus

+Native Lime, - Citrus australis; +Finger Lime, - C. australasica; +Sandy Zieria

- Zieria smithii; Crow’s Ash, Flindersia australis; Bennett’s Ash, F. bennettiana;

Leopard Ash, F. collina; Bumpy Ash, F. schottiana; Scrub Wilga, Geijera salicifolia;

Thorny Yellowwood, Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum; Saffron Heart, Halfordiakendack; Silver Sycamore, Cryptocarya glaucescens;

+Long Leaf Wax Flower, Philotheca myoporoides

Chequered Swallowtail Papilio demoleus Emu’s Foot, Cullen tenax; Native Lime, Citrus australis

Lemon Migrant Catopsilia pomonaCigar Cassia, Cassia brewsteri; Cassia tomentella;

Striped-pod Cassia, Senna pleuracarpa; S. coronilloides; S. marksiana

Large

Grass-yellowEurema hecabe

+Native Coffee bush, Breynia oblongifolia; +Sesbania Pea , Sesbania canabinna,

Senna coronilloides; Maiden’s Wattle, Acacia maidenii;

+Native Indigo, Indigophora australis

Small Grass-yellow Eurema smilax+Native Coffee bush, Breynia oblongifolia; +Sesbania canabina; Senna

coronilloides; Senna surrattensis; Wattles e.g. Maiden’s Wattle, Acacia maidenii

Spotted

JezebelDelias aganippe +Native Cherry, Exocarpos cupressiformis; +Mistletoe, Amyema spp.

Scarlet Jezebel Delias argenthona +Mistletoes, Amyema, Muellerina & Dendrophthoe spp.

Black Jezebel Delias nigrina +Mistletoes, Amyema, Muellerina & Dendrophthe spp.

Yellow-spotted

JezebelDelias nysa +Mistletoes, Korthalsella spp., Amyema spp

Caper White Belenois java+Brush Caper Berry, Capparis arborea; Tree Caper, C. mitchellii;

+Scrambling Caper, C. sarmentosa

Caper Gull Cepora perimale +Native capers, e.g. Capparis mitchellii

Yellow Albatross Appias paulina Yellow Tulip, Drypetes deplanchei; +Capparis spp.

Family Papilionidae (Swallowtails)

Family Pieridae (Whites and Yellows)


* introduced

40 41




Swamp Tiger Danaus afnis +‘Peanut Vine’, Cynanchum carnosum

Lesser Wanderer Danaus chrysippus +‘Peanut Vine’, Cynanchum carnosum

Blue Tiger Tirumala hamataCorky Milk Vine, Secamone elliptica;

+‘Peanut Vine’, Cynanchum carnosum

Wanderer/Monarch Danaus plexippus Introduced, *Balloon Cotton Bush, Gomphocarpus physocarpusand *Red Cotton Bush, Asclepias curassavica

Common Crow Euploea core

Rock Fig, Ficus rubiginosa; Small-leaf Fig, F. obliqua; White Fig F. virens; +Wax Flower,

Hoya australis; Corky Milk Vine, Secamone elliptica; + ‘Peanut Vine’, Cynanchum

carnosum; Monkey Rope, Parsonsia straminea; Gargaloo, P. eucalyptophylla; Common

Milk Vine, Marsdenia rostrata; +Current Bush, Carissa ovata

Purple Crow Euploea tulliolus Burny Vine, Trophis scandens

Evening Brown Melanitis leda +Blady Grass, Imperata cylindrica; Kangaroo Grass, Themeda triandra

Common Brown Ringlet Hypocysta metirius+*Green Couch, Cynodon dactylon; +Blady Grass, Imperata cylindrica; +Kangaroo

Grass, Themeda triandra; Swamp Rice Grass, Leersia hexandra; Gahnia clarkei

Ringed Xenica Geitoneura acantha +Kangaroo Grass, Themeda triandra; +Rice Meadow Grass, Microlaena stipoides

Common Brown Heteronympha merope+Kangaroo Grass, Themeda triandra; +*Green Couch, Cynodon dactylon;

+Rice Meadow Grass, Microlaena stipoides

Dusky Knight Ypthima arctoa +Blady Grass, Imperata cylindrica

Tailed Emperor Polyura pyrrhus

Native Elm, Aphanantha philippinensis; Investigator Tree, Celtis paniculata; Flame

Tree, Brachychiton acerifolium; Kurrajong, B. populneus; Lace Bark, B. discolor;

Native Plum, Guilfoylia monostylis; Wattles, e.g. Qld Wattle, Acacia podalyriifolia;

Maiden’s Wattle, A. maidenii; +Snow Wood, Pararchidendron pruinosum

White-banded Plane Phaedyma shepherdi

Burny Bean, Mucana gigantea; Native Elm, Aphananthe philippinensis; Investigator

Tree, Celtis paniculata; Flame Tree, Brachychiton acerifolium; Koda, Ehretia

acuminata; Flame Tree, Brachychiton acerifolium; Kurrajong, B. populneus; Lace

Bark, B. discolor

Laced Fritillary Argyreus hyperbius +Purple Violet, Viola betonicifolia

Jezebel Nymph Mynes geoffroyi Stinging Trees, Dendrocnide moroides, D. photinophylla;

+Native Mulberry, Pipturis argenteus

Australian Leafwing Doleschallia bisaltide +Love Flower, Pseuderanthemum variabile

Varied Eggy Hypolimnus bolina+Joyweed, Alternanthera denticulata; +Love Flower, Pseuderanthemum variabile;

+Smart Weed, Persicaria species;

Australian Painted Lady Vanessa kershawi +Golden Everlasting, Xerochrysum bracteatum;

Yellow Buttons, Chrysocephalum apiculatum

Australian Admiral Vanessa itea +Stinging Nettle, Urtica incisa

Meadow Argus Junonia villida

+Hygrophila angustifolia +Australian Centaury, Centaurium spicatum;

+Nutheads, Epaltes australis; +Evolulus alsinoides; +Star Goodenia, Goodenia

rotundifolia; +Mountain Primrose, G. grandiora;

+Fairy Fan Flower, Scaevola aemula

Glasswing Acraea andromacha+Spade Flower, Hybanthus stellarioides;

+Red Passion Flower, Passiora aurantia; Yellow Passion Flower, P. herbertiana

Family Nymphalidae(Danaids, Crows, Browns, Nymphs)


* introduced

42 43



Have you seen this buttery?

Ar r o w h e a d V i o l e t V i o l a b e t o n i c i f o l i a

Laced FritillaryArgyreus hyperbius

Host ood or Laced Fritillary

The Laced Fritillary (also called Australian Fritillary) is a

buttery with a very localised distribution in our region.

It’s one of two species listed as endangered under the

Queensland Nature Conservation Act (1992). The other

is the Bulloak Jewel, Hypochrysops piceata, from the

Western Darling Downs.

Most specimens of the Laced Fritillary have been collected

from river estuaries or swampy coastal areas at or near sea

level. They are restricted to open, swampy, coastal areas

where the larval food plant, Viola betonicifolia, grows as a

small, insignicant ground herb in association with Lomandra

longifolia (Long-leaved Matrush) and grasses, especially the

grass Imperata cylindrica (Blady Grass)This habitat is called Melaleuca wetlands, although the

larval food plant does not occur in all sub-types of this plant

community.

Its range has decreased due to habitat loss.

Information supplied courtesy of the Environmental Protection Agency,

Queensland.

Our community nurseries

produce plants from

provincial seed, that is,

seed collected locally in the

Moreton Bay region.

Pine RiversCommunity NurseryKumbartcho Sanctuary Bunya Pine Court, Eatons Hill

Ph (07) 3264 3953

Opening times: Thursday and

Friday 9am – 3pm;

Saturday 8am – 12noon

Redclie Botanic Gardens

Community NurseryOff street parking located on

Henzell Street, Redcliffe

Open: Tuesday 9 – 12noon and

Saturday 8 – 10am.

The nursery is also

open by appointment.

Email: [email protected]

Where to source local native plants

44 45



Where to source local native plants

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Anthony and Katie Hiller of

Mt Glorious Biological Centre for information and images,

www.mountgloriousbutteries.com

Photograph contributors: Anthony & Katie Hiller,

Bernadette May, Peter Chew, John Bowden, Jenny Miners,

Todd Burrows, Tony Bailey, Steven Petro,

Nathan Kirby, Glenn Leiper, Deborah Metters,

David Cook Photography. Photos taken by M Fagg are© Australian National Botanic Gardens.

Further reading:

Butteries of Australia by Michael F. Braby.

Create More Butteries by Frank Jordan

and Helen Schwencke.

Bribie IslandCommunity Nursery

208 First Avenue, Bongaree

Ph (07) 3410 0088

Open: Monday to Friday

8 – 11am

CREEC Community NurseryThis nursery produces local

native plants.

CREEC Environment Centre

150 Rowley Road, Burpengary

Ph (07) 3888 8751

Pine Rivers DistrictCouncil Nursery

This nursery predominantly

sells local native species.

Woonara Drive, Petrie

Plant sales are

Wednesdays and Fridays only

from 1 - 3.45pm.

46 47



Redcliffe

Strathpine

Caboolture

Bribie

Island

Moreton Bay

Port of Brisbane

Brisbane

Sunshine

Coast

Somerset

Region

MORETON BAY

REGION

MORETON BAY

REGION

This brochure is printed on Onyx, an Australian made

100% recycled stock made from 60% pre-consumer

and 40% post-consumer waste and manufactured under

the environmental management system ISO 14001.

Moreton Bay Regional Council offsets the energy and

resources used to produce this and other Living With

the Environment booklets, brochures, and posters,

through a program of revegetation plantings and habitat

restoration projects in the Moreton Bay region.

butterflies of moreton bay region (queensland)

Documents