The Early Industrial Revolution1760-1851Chapter 22

By: Dotun Ogundeji

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Society

Major Causes For Industrial Revolution

Population Growth Agricultural Revolution Britain and Continental Europe

Population Growth

In the 18th century that the population grew

Reasons: More reliable food sources Earlier Marriage Higher Birthrates And Better Medicine Migration into Cities

Agricultural Revolution

Began long before the 18th century. American crops More cattle

Only wealthy could invest in new crops and new farming methods. They experimented with scientific farming methods. Result was that there was more meat

and milk

Britain and Continental Europe

18th century Britain’s role in the Industrial Revolution was significant because: Economic growth, population growth,

people with innovative minds, mining and metal industries, world’s largest merchant marine, fluid social structure, good water transportation system, unified market, highly developed commercial sector

Changes in Society

More Deforestation Cheap Labor such as:

Child labor Irish Men and Women American women

More demand for slaves after Child Labor Laws Passed

Disparities in income

The Technological Revolution

Reasons For Technological Revolution

Mass Production in Pottery Mechanization within the Cotton

Industry Advances in the Iron Industry New Inventions Such As:

Railroads and the Steam Engine

Mass Production in Pottery

Was imported or handmade Made for Aristocracy Ordinary people could not afford it First Pottery business was opened in

1759 by Josiah Wedgwood

Mechanization within the Cotton Industry

During this time there was a higher demand for Cotton Mechanization of cotton textile led to much greater efficiency and lower prices.

England was responsible for the revolution of spinning cotton with new inventions such as: Water Frame Spinning Jenny

Advances in the Iron Industry

Iron had been used in Eurasia and Africa for thousands of years

Limited wood supplies and the high cost of skilled labor made iron a rare and valuable metal outside of China before the eighteenth century

In the 18th century a series of inventions made it possible for the British to produce large amounts of cheap iron Coke (solid carbon material from ash) Puddling (metallurgy steel and iron making)

Bridge building Crystal Palace

Inventions STEAM ENGINE

Was the most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution

Was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1702-1712

And was later improved by James Watt in 1769

It allowed factories to be located where there was no animals, wind, water power

RAILROAD

Was invented by Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson in 1800

Built high pressure steam engines used to power locomotives

Railways triggered Industrialization in iron and coal rich areas such as France, Belgium, the Ruhr, and Silesia