by easterling introduction - the city as a...
TRANSCRIPT
7
Kel
ler
Eas
terl
ing
Arc
hip
elag
o o
f P
roto
cols
is a
much
more
unusu
al d
ocu
men
t th
an it
may
firs
t ap
pea
r to
be.
In thes
e pag
es, A
rist
ide
Anto
nas
pre
sents
five
spat
ial i
dea
s fo
r A
then
s—co
llec
tive
roof te
rrac
es, o
utd
oor
room
s,
com
munal
work
tab
les,
sec
tional
laye
rs o
f urb
an s
pac
e an
d n
etw
ork
s
of va
cant sh
ops—
but th
e book is
not a
monogra
ph o
f des
ign p
roje
cts.
The
idea
s dep
loy
all t
he
skills
ass
oci
ated
wit
h a
rchit
ectu
ral t
rain
ing a
nd
pra
ctic
e, b
ut th
ey s
take
out te
rrit
ory
outs
ide
the
typic
al p
ract
ices
of
the
pro
fess
ion. S
imilar
ly, w
hile
they
are
des
igns
for
urb
an s
pac
e, they
do n
ot su
gges
t polici
es for
urb
an p
lannin
g. T
oget
her
, the
pro
toco
ls
appea
r to
cre
ate
a sm
all l
ist,
but th
ey r
eally
call for
an a
ct o
f en
dle
ssly
list
ing. T
hey
are
exp
lici
tly
auth
ore
d a
nd r
epre
sente
d, y
et they
are
als
o
del
iber
atel
y des
igned
to r
elin
quis
h a
uth
ors
hip
to o
ther
s ove
r ti
me.
In the
sam
e w
ay that
this
docu
men
t is
not a
monogra
ph, t
he
pro
toco
ls that
are
the
subje
ct o
f th
e book a
re n
ot fixe
d, fi
nit
e th
ings,
but in
stru
ctio
ns
for
how
to m
ake
evolv
ing thin
gs.
Pro
toco
ls—
whet
her
by
Kel
ler
Eas
terl
ing
Intr
od
uctio
n
9
Kel
ler
Eas
terl
ing
Per
hap
s th
e sp
ecta
cula
r fa
ilure
s of th
e finan
cial
collap
se o
ffer
(to
the
reso
urc
eful o
r th
e sl
y des
igner
) a
par
adoxi
cal o
pport
unit
y fo
r an
alte
rnat
ive
mar
ket
and a
noth
er form
of co
llec
tive
confiden
ce. R
ather
than
the
abst
ract
and b
ankru
pte
d fi
nan
cial
var
iable
s of sp
ecula
tion,
Ari
stid
e A
nto
nas
off
ers
tangib
le s
pat
ial v
aria
ble
s. A
s if
to s
ay s
imply
that
all t
hat
is n
eeded
is a
lmost
alr
eady
ther
e, the
new
ly e
nhan
ced q
ual
itie
s
and v
alues
of sp
ace
are
the
thin
gs
that
are
exc
han
ged
and tra
ded
by
ord
inar
y peo
ple
in p
oss
essi
on o
f th
eir
city
agai
n.
Arc
hit
ectu
re c
ult
ure
has
som
etim
es r
egar
ded
thes
e kin
ds
of
pro
posa
ls to b
e del
iber
atel
y m
argin
al, s
ensi
tive
or
tem
pora
ry—
the
com
pen
sato
ry g
entl
e ac
tivi
ty o
f th
e pow
erle
ss. B
ut w
hat
if the
dis
posi
tions
sugges
ted b
y th
ese
pro
toco
ls, l
ike
the
dis
posi
tion o
f th
eir
des
igner
, is
more
pow
erfu
l by
bei
ng le
ss in
sist
ent.
The
com
ponen
ts
of th
ese
spat
ial a
rran
gem
ents
are
occ
asio
nal
ly e
phem
eral
and
indet
erm
inat
e, b
ut th
ey a
re, p
erhap
s ir
onic
ally
, indet
erm
inat
e to
be
pra
ctic
al. A
nd thes
e ti
me-
rele
ased
form
s—th
ese
acti
ve form
s—
pote
nti
ally
hav
e a
longer
pre
sence
in the
city
as
an u
rban
pra
ctic
e.
Fin
ally
, far
fro
m m
argin
al this
docu
men
t is
per
hap
s pre
sents
noth
ing
less
than
an a
lter
nat
ive
spec
ies
of fo
rm-m
akin
g a
s w
ell a
s an
alt
ernat
ive
hab
it o
f m
ind a
bout urb
an s
pac
e.
In theo
rizi
ng a
bout dis
posi
tion, a
nd a
cult
ura
l ten
den
cy to p
rivi
lege
thin
gs
ove
r pro
cess
—obje
cts
ove
r ac
tivi
ties
—philoso
pher
Gilber
t R
yle
oft
en w
rote
about th
e im
port
ance
of not only
“know
ing that
” but al
so
“know
ing h
ow
.” I
f so
, thes
e 5 P
roto
cols
are
an e
xerc
ise
in “
know
ing
how
” fo
r th
e ci
ty o
f A
then
s.
8
Kel
ler
Eas
terl
ing
use
d to d
escr
ibe
dip
lom
acy,
soft
war
e, m
anner
s or
spac
e—es
tablish
sequen
ces,
routi
nes
, or
rela
tionsh
ips
bet
wee
n p
arts
, that
unfo
ld o
ver
tim
e. P
roto
cols
lend a
dis
posi
tion o
r beh
avio
r to
an a
rran
gem
ent.
In A
then
s, the
five
pro
toco
ls in
troduce
an o
bje
ct, a
volu
me
or
a
rela
tionsh
ip that
is p
osi
tioned
to in
tera
ct w
ith the
net
work
of ac
tivi
ties
and s
tori
es a
round it
. Usi
ng the
anal
ogy
to s
oft
war
e, the
pro
toco
ls
off
er a
rchit
ectu
ral s
truct
ure
s as
wel
l as
bit
s of co
de
that
align w
ith a
nd
conti
nue
to s
hap
e th
e urb
an o
per
atin
g s
yste
m. S
o the
pro
toco
ls o
ffer
obje
ct form
s, b
ut bey
ond the
oft
en in
ert ar
chit
ectu
ral o
bje
ct, t
hey
als
o
intr
oduce
act
ive
form
s. T
hey
conta
ct a
par
ticu
lar
tim
e of day
, rec
ogniz
e
an u
rban
pra
ctic
e, u
nco
ver
a his
tori
cal e
nte
rpri
se o
r pro
vide
linkag
es
that
, once
act
ivat
ed, b
ecom
e en
gin
es o
f ongoin
g s
pat
ial p
roduct
ion.
Pro
toco
ls that
are
anal
ogous
to s
oft
war
e ar
e per
hap
s al
so
anal
ogous
to thea
tric
al s
crip
ts. A
scr
ipt off
ers
text
like
an a
rchit
ect
off
ers
obje
ct form
. But th
e te
xt is
rea
lly
only
a tra
ce o
f or
a cl
ue
to the
acti
on that
the
per
form
er c
hoose
s to
pla
y—th
e ac
tion that
is o
ften
the
mai
n c
arri
er o
f in
form
atio
n. A
lthough the
auth
or
does
not pre
scri
be
them
, in p
erfo
rman
ce thes
e ac
tive
form
s oft
en e
ven o
verw
hel
m the
text
.
The
bla
ck a
nd w
hit
e ae
sthet
ic r
egim
e of th
e dra
win
gs
in this
book—
dif
fere
nt fr
om
the
usu
al a
nti
c ca
rtoons
of ar
chit
ectu
ral r
ender
ings—
is
even
som
ethin
g li
ke
the
bes
t pla
ys that
rar
ely
impose
sta
ge
dir
ecti
ons.
Anto
nas
off
ers
som
e sc
ripts
and s
tori
es for
the
city
that
are
sugges
tive
of ac
tivi
ties
, then
, lik
e a
good p
layw
right,
he
leav
es the
per
form
ance
to the
city
itse
lf.
In m
any
way
s th
ere
is n
oth
ing u
nusu
al a
bout urb
an p
roto
cols
.
Most
cit
ies
run fro
m fra
gm
ents
of co
de
that
est
ablish
par
tial
pro
toco
ls
appea
ring a
nd e
xpir
ing o
ver
tim
e. T
hey
rar
ely
follow
a m
aste
r pla
n
that
is the
offi
cial
docu
men
t of sp
atia
l arr
angem
ents
. Pow
erfu
l forc
es
circ
ula
te in
any
city
, oft
en fi
ndin
g lo
ophole
s an
d o
ther
tec
hniq
ues
for
shap
ing u
rban
policy
and w
elfa
re to s
erve
pri
vate
pow
er. R
ecen
tly,
the
glo
bal
finan
cial
indust
ry h
as m
ade
urb
an p
roper
ty in
to tra
ffick
ed
mort
gag
e pro
duct
s, a
nd the
most
pow
erfu
l urb
an p
laye
rs h
ave
bee
n
trad
ing in
rea
l est
ate
vari
able
s th
at a
re la
rgel
y div
orc
ed fro
m thei
r sp
atia
l
real
ity.
Ath
ens
rece
ived
a d
evas
tati
ng, i
f in
dir
ect,
hit
fro
m the
rece
nt
glo
bal
finan
cial
cri
sis,
one
sym
pto
m o
f w
hic
h a
re the
vaca
nci
es that
appea
r in
sev
eral
of th
e pro
ject
s th
at A
nto
nas
conte
mpla
tes.
Collec
tive
Roof
Ter
race
s
11
Pro
toco
l 1
13
Pro
toco
l 1
Art
icle
2
Conce
pt of co
mm
on u
se
A c
om
mon
use
is d
efin
ed a
s th
e ty
pe
of u
se that
con
sist
s of an
open
ly a
cces
sible
, n
ot-
for-
pro
fit,
occ
upat
ion
an
d fu
nct
ion
, w
hic
h tak
es p
lace
on
a p
lan
e
or
a m
ult
itu
de
of pla
nes
in a
bu
ildin
g b
lock
. A
com
mon
use
est
ablish
ed b
y dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
en
tails
the
pote
nti
al for
the
hori
zon
tal p
arti
cipat
ion
of re
gis
tere
d
mem
ber
s of th
e co
mm
on
hold
in it
s ad
min
istr
atio
n,
det
erm
inat
ion
an
d fu
nct
ion
. A
com
mon
use
does
not
requ
ire,
or
giv
e ri
se to, an
y pro
pri
etar
y cl
aim
s.
Art
icle
3
Form
ati
on o
f a d
iago
nal co
mm
onhold
The
maj
ori
ty a
gre
emen
t of th
e ow
ner
s an
d
poss
esso
rs o
f th
e bu
ildin
g b
lock
is r
equ
ired
to form
ally
con
firm
the
dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
. T
he
com
mon
hold
is p
lace
d u
nder
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
of a
dia
gon
al
com
mit
tee
as d
efin
ed b
y ar
ticl
e 5
.
Art
icle
4
Mer
ger
of dia
gonal co
mm
onhold
s
A d
iagon
al c
om
mon
hold
, at
the
tim
e of it
s
inst
itu
tion
, or
at a
late
r poin
t, c
an b
e m
erged
wit
h
dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
s of ad
jace
nt bu
ildin
g b
lock
s.
This
mer
ger
can
be
auth
ori
zed b
y a
maj
ori
ty d
ecis
ion
of th
e re
gis
tere
d p
ropri
etors
of ea
ch b
uildin
g b
lock
.
12
Pro
toco
l 1
Wher
e an
act
of co
mm
on
poss
essi
on
is a
ffirm
ed
in a
law
ful t
acti
c; o
n the
bas
is o
f a
legal
pro
toco
l
hold
ing la
nd w
ithou
t cl
aim
s to
pro
pri
etar
y ow
ner
ship
is a
ccep
ted; th
e pro
toco
l oper
ates
thro
ugh o
nlin
e
regis
trat
ion
an
d p
roce
ssin
g; th
e pro
toco
l allow
s th
e
com
mon
poss
essi
on
thro
ugh a
sys
tem
of in
div
idu
al
agre
emen
ts o
per
ated
on
the
web
.
Art
icle
1
Conce
pts
of dia
gonal co
mm
onhold
and p
lane
A d
iagon
al c
om
mon
hold
is d
efin
ed a
s th
e de
fact
o form
of an
act
of co
mm
on
poss
essi
on
ove
r a
pla
ne
or
a m
ult
itu
de
of pla
nes
, fo
r th
e pu
rpose
s of
com
mon
use
. A
dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
does
not giv
e
rise
to a
ny
pro
pri
etar
y ri
ghts
. A
pla
ne
is d
efin
ed a
s th
e
det
erm
ined
spac
e in
whic
h is
est
ablish
ed a
dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
. A
pla
ne
is s
pat
ially
det
erm
ined
at th
e
inte
rsec
tion
bet
wee
n h
ori
zon
tal a
nd/o
r ve
rtic
al le
gal
ow
ner
ship
, w
hic
h form
s sh
ared
spac
e. T
he
dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
of a
pla
ne
in a
bu
ildin
g b
lock
, or
a
mu
ltit
ude
of blo
cks,
ren
der
s te
mpora
rilly
dorm
ant
the
pro
pri
etar
y ow
ner
ship
, or
co-o
wn
ersh
ip, of th
e
par
ticu
lar
pla
ne
or
pla
nes
of th
e sp
ecifi
c bu
ildin
g
blo
ck o
r blo
cks.
A d
eter
min
ed p
lan
e, for
the
du
rati
on
of a
dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
, in
stit
ute
s a
tem
pora
ry
auto
nom
ou
s fi
eld o
f dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
, w
hic
h is
esta
blish
ed for
the
pu
rpose
s of co
mm
on
use
.
15
Pro
toco
l 1
roof co
atin
g, sh
adin
g s
upport
str
uct
ure
s an
d s
ola
r
cells,
on
the
con
dit
ion
that
a c
ivil e
ngin
eer
form
ally
appro
ves
them
.
Art
icle
8
Sit
e of dia
gonal co
mm
onhold
The
con
stru
ctio
n a
nd p
ublica
tion
of a
un
iqu
e,
open
ly a
cces
sible
sit
e of dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
is a
pre
requ
isit
e fo
r th
e in
stit
uti
on
of a
dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
. T
he
site
of dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
mu
st
be
form
ally
reg
iste
red a
s a
non
-pro
fit org
aniz
atio
n
of co
mm
on
use
s. T
he
inst
itu
tion
of ea
ch d
iagon
al
com
mon
hold
, it
s ad
min
istr
ativ
e bodie
s, the
list
of
its
regis
tere
d g
ener
al m
ember
s, a
nd a
ll the
dec
isio
ns
and o
per
atio
ns
it in
volv
es m
ust
be
pu
blish
ed a
t th
e
ded
icat
ed a
rchiv
e of ea
ch d
iagon
al c
om
mon
hold
of th
e si
te o
f dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
.
Art
icle
9
Res
olu
tion o
f dis
pute
s
The
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tee
un
der
takes
to p
rovi
de
a co
nci
liat
ory
pla
tform
for
the
con
sider
atio
n a
nd
reso
luti
on
of an
y ar
isin
g d
ispu
tes
bet
wee
n p
ropri
etors
,
or
bet
wee
n p
ropri
etors
an
d p
oss
esso
rs, w
ith
regar
d to the
inst
itu
tion
an
d fu
nct
ion
of a
dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
. T
he
pro
cess
shal
l req
uir
e th
e on
lin
e
subm
issi
on
of fo
rmal
obje
ctio
ns
at the
site
of dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
, fo
llow
ed b
y an
on
lin
e vo
tin
g p
roce
du
re
amon
g it
s re
gis
tere
d p
ropri
etor
and p
oss
esso
r
14
Pro
toco
l 1
Art
icle
5
Conce
pt and res
ponsi
bil
ity
of th
e dia
gonal
com
mit
tee
The
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tee
is c
om
pose
d o
f fi
ve m
em-
ber
s w
ho a
re e
lect
ed b
y th
e m
ajori
ty o
f th
e co
mm
un
ity
of pro
pri
etors
of th
e bu
ildin
g b
lock
in w
hic
h a
dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
is e
stab
lish
ed. T
he
elec
tion
takes
pla
ce a
t th
e si
te o
f dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
. T
he
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tee
un
der
takes
the
resp
on
sibilit
y to
adm
inis
ter
the
com
mon
hold
, th
e ap
pro
ved u
se, an
d to
dec
lare
its
com
posi
tion
an
d m
ajori
ty d
ecis
ion
s at
the
site
of dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
.
Art
icle
6
Mer
ger
of dia
gonal co
mm
itte
es
In a
ccord
ance
wit
h a
rtic
le 4
, in
the
case
of a
mer
ger
of ad
juce
nt dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
s, the
indep
enden
t
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tees
are
sim
ult
aneo
usl
y m
erged
an
d
form
a s
ingle
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tee
of th
e m
ult
itu
de.
The
nu
mer
ical
com
posi
tion
of th
e jo
int dia
gon
al
com
mit
tee
mu
ltip
lies
acc
ord
ingly
.
Art
icle
7
Res
ponsi
bil
itie
s of th
e dia
gonal co
mm
itte
e
The
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tee
un
der
takes
the
resp
on
sibilit
y fo
r th
e re
con
stru
ctio
n, re
pai
r an
d
use
of th
e det
erm
ined
pla
ne
in w
hic
h the
dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
is c
on
stit
ute
d. T
he
dia
gon
al c
om
mit
tee’
s
resp
on
sibilit
y ca
n in
clu
de
the
inst
alla
tion
of hori
zon
tal
The
frag
men
ted s
pac
es o
f a
blo
ck a
re u
nifi
ed a
s fo
rmin
g a
mat
eria
l
conti
nuum
thro
ugh a
dded
ladder
s an
d li
ght st
airs
that
bri
dge
gap
s
bet
wee
n d
iffe
rent le
vels
of buildin
gs;
a s
imult
aneo
us
pro
cedure
unifi
es
the
frag
men
ted u
nuse
d c
om
mon p
roper
ties
to a
sole
com
mon p
roper
ty
conti
nuum
. This
unit
y of blo
cks
is s
how
n b
y th
e co
nst
ruct
ion o
f light
canopie
s ove
r th
e te
rrac
es; th
e ca
nopie
s su
pport
gri
ds
for
shad
ing
and li
ght photo
volt
aic
mem
bra
nes
and p
roduce
ele
ctri
city
for
the
inhab
itan
ts o
f th
e blo
ck.
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
17
mem
ber
s. I
n the
even
t of a
maj
ori
ty d
ecis
ion
in fav
ou
r
of th
e in
stit
uti
on
of a
dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
, th
e
con
firm
atio
n o
f th
e dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
will b
e
con
sider
ed tem
pora
rily
obligat
ory
for
the
du
rati
on
of th
e co
mm
on
use
. In
the
even
t of an
obje
ctio
n to
the
appro
ved c
om
mon
use
by
a m
inori
ty, it
is r
equ
ired
that
, at
the
end o
f th
e co
mm
on
use
, th
e dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
be
dis
solv
ed. U
pon
the
dis
solu
tion
of th
e dia
gon
al c
om
mon
hold
the
bu
ildin
g m
ust
be
retu
rned
to the
stru
ctu
ral a
nd d
ecora
tive
sta
te in
whic
h it
was
bef
ore
the
esta
blish
men
t of a
dia
gon
al
com
mon
hold
.
16
Pro
toco
l 1
19
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
21
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s20
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
23
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s22
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
The
firs
t pro
toco
l form
s th
e le
gis
lati
ve b
ackgro
und for
the
Ath
ens
Ter
race
pro
ject
, it is
a le
gis
lati
ve u
nifi
cati
on o
f blo
cks
and p
ow
er p
roduct
ion o
n
terr
aces
. In A
then
s th
e te
rrac
es form
a forg
ott
en la
ndsc
ape
and a
sys
tem
of te
rrai
ns
vagues
.
25
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s24
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
27
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s26
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
29
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s28
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
31
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s30
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
33
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s32
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
35
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s34
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
A la
wfu
l tac
tic
inst
alls
a form
of hold
ing la
nd w
ithout cl
aim
s to
pro
pri
e-
tary
ow
ner
ship
; th
is is
oper
ated
on the
bas
is o
f a
com
monly
agre
ed tex
t
that
one
can s
ign o
n the
web
thro
ugh o
nline
regis
trat
ion a
nd p
roce
ssin
g;
it a
llow
s th
e co
mm
on u
se o
f a
spac
e.
Roof P
layg
rou
nds
37
An in
stal
lati
on o
f a
larg
e num
ber
of la
dder
s, s
lides
and h
ori
zonta
l bar
s
in s
elec
ted A
then
ian c
ente
r blo
cks.
The
added
met
allic
obje
cts
are
suppose
d to b
e pla
ced b
y ar
tisa
ns
work
ing in
Ath
ens
wit
hout gen
eral
or
det
aile
d a
rchit
ecto
nic
pla
ns:
the
des
crip
tion for
the
exec
uti
on o
f th
e
const
ruct
ion w
ould
be
the
only
des
ign; an
indic
atio
n o
f th
e co
nnec
tion
poin
ts a
nd the
type
of ea
ch c
onnec
tion is
what
rep
lace
s her
e th
e
arch
itec
tura
l dra
win
gs.
The
pro
gra
m c
ould
concl
ude
wit
h b
ridgin
g
dif
fere
nt ci
ty b
lock
s th
rough s
usp
ensi
on b
ridges
.
36
Ath
ens
Ter
race
s
39
Roof
Pla
ygro
unds
41
Roof
Pla
ygro
unds
Rep
eata
bilit
y, h
ypnoti
c in
itse
lf, i
s usu
ally
founded
by
cycl
ical
dura
-
tions.
The
dep
th o
f hum
an d
esir
es, i
s oft
en b
ased
on in
stal
lati
ons
of
repet
itio
ns.
This
hyp
noti
c pote
nti
al is
pro
ject
ed h
ere
on s
om
e pla
yful
landsc
ape,
whic
h e
xist
s al
read
y in
the
roofs
of A
then
s. T
his
invi
sible
and
div
erse
roof la
ndsc
ape
of th
e ci
ty w
ould
then
be
a sh
ared
urb
an s
pac
e
and a
n a
rea
of par
ticu
lar
moti
on.
40
Roof
Pla
ygro
unds
43
Roof
Pla
ygro
unds