by joe d. manous, jr. u.s. army corps of engineers dtic · washington, dc 20314-1000 acce:;io,i for...
TRANSCRIPT
Miscellaneous Paper GL-93-3AD-A269 613 August 1993
US Army Corps 11WIlIII IIIIU6of EngineersWaterways ExperimentStation
Information Management for InstallationRestoration with Focus on AberdeenProving Ground, Maryland
by Joe D. Manous, Jr.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
DTICSELECTE 1
S -6LP21993 0
Approved For Public Release; Distribution Is Unlimited
90393-21921
Prepared for Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising,publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade namesdoes not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the useof such commercial products.
O l3IEMMONW iYCl DPAPM
DISCLAIMER NOTICE
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Miscellaneous Paper GL-93-3August 1993
Information Management for InstallationRestoration with Focus on AberdeenProving Ground, Marylandby Joe D. Manous, Jr.
Department of the ArmyU.S. Army Corps of EngineersWashington, DC 20314-1000
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Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of EngineersWashington, DC 20314-1000
Mor,"Ared by Geotechnical LaboratoryU.S. Ar.sy Engineer Waterways Experiment Station3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
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U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.65 p. :1ill. ; 28 cm. -- (Miscellaneous paper ; GL-93-3)Includes bibliographical references.1. Environmental engineering -- Maryland -- Aberdeen Proving
Ground. 2. Data base management. 3. Environmental protection --Data brases. 4. Geographic Information systems. I. Un#Ite States.Army. Corps of Enginerse. II. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experi-ment Statlion. III. Title. IV. Serie: Mkscellaneous paper (U.S. Army En-gineer Wate-ways Experiment Station) ; GL-93-3.TA7 W34m no.GL-93-3
Contents
Preface ... ........................................ iv
1-Introduction ....................................... 1
General ....................................... 1Edgewood Area Project Background ..................... 1
2-Databases ...................................... 3
General ....................................... 3Database Requirements ............................. 3Discussion ........................................ 4Services Provided with JIDMIS ........................... 5Difficulties with IRDMIS .............................. 7Summary ...................................... 7
3-Geographic Information Systems ......................... 8
General ....................................... 8GIS Requirements ................................. 8Discussion ........................................ 9Current Status of GIS at APG .......................... 10Specialty Graphical Systems .. .......................... I ISummary ...................................... 12
4-Recommendations ................................. 14
Appendix A: Abbreviations ............................ Al
Appendix B: Addressees and Points of Contact ................ BI
Appendix C: Current THAMA Certified Labs ................. CI
Appendix D: IRDMIS General Information .................. DI
Appendix E: Condensed IRDMIS Data Dictionary ............... El
iii
Preface
"This study was conducted as part of the U.S. Army Engineer WaterwaysExperiment Station (WES) preparation of work plans for the Edgewood Areaof Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG), Maryland, Installation RestorationProject and Groundwater Contamination Studies at Rocky Mountain Arsenal,Colorado, during the period 2 June 91 to 17 July 91.
The Principal Investigator and author of this report was Joe D.Manous, Jr., Major, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Graphics and Geo-graphical Information System (GIS) technical support was provided byMr. Gregory D. Comes, Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Branch(EEGD), Geotechnical Laboratory (GL-WES), and Mr. Mark Graves, Envi-ronmental Systems Division (ESD), Battlefield Environmental Group, Envi-ronmental Lab (EL-WES). Database technical support was provided byMs. Benita Alien, Soil and Rock Mechanics Division, GL-WES and byMs. Joann Pickett, Ms. Irene Vinsen, Ms. Laura Bremen, and Ms. TracyWestbrook of Potomac Research, Incorporated (PRI) working under contractfrom the Army Environmental Center (AEC).
Direct supervision was provided by Dr. James H. May, Earthquake Engi-neering and Geophysics Division, EEGD, Hydrology and Site Characteriza-tion Section, GL-WES. Overall direction at WES was provided by Dr. W. F.Marcuson, III, Director, GL-WES.
At the time of publication of this report, Director of WES wasDr. Robert W. Whalin. Commander was COL Bruce K. Howard, EN.
Iv
1 Introduction
General
This study reviews and evaluates database management systems currentlyused for chemical and geologic data storage, retrieval, and processing. Areview was also conducted of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and theiruse in coordination with different database programs and data formats. Inaddition to review and evaluation, the study consolidated information suffi-cient for inexperienced user access of the systems recommended by this study.
The focus for this study is the Edgewood Area (EA), of Aberdeen ProvingGrounds (APG). In addition, consideration was given concerning applicabilityto Aberdeen Area of APG which will be concurrently remediated. In thelarger context, the system evaluations performed should prove valid withrespect to similar projects not associated with APG. The establishment of astandard information system is intended to yield increased economies of analy-sis time and techniques, and provide customer cost savings.
Edgewood Area Project Background
EA has been the site of extensive military munitions testing and disposalfor over 70 years. Onsite burial of wastes was extensive until the 1970's.Some have been removed for remediation or "safer" storage. Unfortunately,much of the buried waste has not been recovered and no collective knowledgeof burial sites is available.
The remediation process will require an extensive investigative effort tolocate disposal sites and determine the extent of leachate movement. Addi-tional information will be produced as the remediation process proceeds andunderstanding of the subsurface becomes better developed. The cumulativeresult will be an enormous body of information collected over the life of theremediation project. Remediation has been investigated and conducted atRMA for a period in excess of 17 years as of this writing. Storage of infor-mation for rapid accessibility is important as a base line for comparison ofcontaminant locations and concentrations over time and as a source of infor-mation whose importance may not be realized during the initial data review.
1• 1 InMeutk
Additionally, since long-term continuity of projec remediation personnel isquestionable, proper storage prc "des a means of "corporate memory" toprevent duplication of efforts. The method of storing and accessing chemicalanalysis and geotechnical data with the associated details of collection, hand-ling, a Analysis is the topic of this study.
Many environmentally related investigations at EA have taken place overthe past 20 years. The results of these reports exist in paper copy and anassumed complete collection of these investigations is located in the offices ofthe EA, Director of Safety and Health (DSH). Producers of these reportsinclude U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Army Environmental Health Agency(AEHA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), WES, and private contrac-tors. These reports are of variable usefulness and accuracy when comparedwith current AEC and EPA analysis standards. All reports, however, provideinformation useful from an investigative view point and may be the onlyhistorical records of a particular area. A portion of this information doesexist in digital form in the Installation Restoration Data Management Informa-tion System (IRDMIS) operated by Army Environmental Center (AEC).
2 Chapter 1 Introduction
2 Databases
General
An electronic database is a means of storing information for later sortingand retrieval. Input can be generated by typing at a keyboard or throughelectronic transfer in a standard format such as ASCH. Output is produced astabular data printed in hard copy or as an electronic file. Graphical interfacesfor database input or output were not part of this portion of the study.
Database Requirements
The following are specific requirements for a desired level of databasefunctionality:
a. The database must be capable of handling large volumes of raw data orrecords either directly or through relational processes.
b. The database should be capable of importing and exporting informationelectronically using standard formatting procedures and in particularASCI.
c. The database should be capable of performing user-specified searchesand sorts of data.
d. The database system should be capable of producing user-specifiedreports suitable for presentation.
e. Setup and operating costs should be kept to a minimum. The intent isfor a single, integrated database system.
fThe database should be easy to operate and not require specialized skillsor an extensive training program.
g. The database system should operate on an existing computer system toreduce initial costs. (Not a problem at WES since computer optionsrange from XT computers to supercomputers.
3Chapte 2 Detabse
The fr;sowing are desirable criteria which aid in database use, but do notexplicit! ý, :eclude a particular database system.
a. Predeveloped routines should be available for inexperienced users (i.e. ashell program). These routines should perform simple sorts and reportproduction.
b. The system should be accessible by activities other than WES for infor-mation input and output. Concurrent with this criterion is the need fora database manager to oversee and maintain the database.
Discussion
During interviews with members of the EA-DSH, Baltimore District of theCorps of Engineers (a partner with WES in EA studies), the EPA, GL-WES,and EL-WES, no database system as outlined in paragraphs 7 and 8 was foundin operation. Within these organizations, the most common general purposedatabase program was dBase.
AEC was the exception in information management. They have created adatabase specifically for the purpose of managing geotechnical and chemicalanalysis data under a program titled "Installation Restoration Data Manage-ment Information System" (IRDMIS). This program, begun in 1975, hasundergone several updates as technology and database requirements havechanged. The system is maintained for AEC under contract with PotomacResearch, Inc. (PRI) and is physically collocated with AEC on EA, Maryland.Data from geotechnical chemical analysis and field survey results are suppliedby AEC-authorized contractors and laboratories to PRI for input into thedatabase. The system functions within a UNIX operating environment anduses Structured Query Language (SQL) as the database management format.SQL can be embedded in "C" or a proprietary formatting program called"Report-Writer" distributed by the IRDMIS computer and software manufac-turer, Ingres. Both C and Report-Writer are currently available withIRDMIS.
Similar in operation to IRDMIS is a system employed at Rocky MountainArsenal (RMA), Colorado, by a contracted firm, D.P. Associates, Inc. Thatsystem also manufactured by Ingres is similar, but not as versatile asIRDMIS. A recent submittal by D.P. Associates has requested funding toupgrade to an IRDMIS equivalent software and hardware configuration.
RMA has used IRDMIS until 1985, but became disenchanted due to delaysin processing information requests, database information integrity, duplicateentries, and data loss. Changes in hardware, software, and overall operationof IRDMIS have largely corrected the previous problems encountered byRMA. However, it is notable that even with the problems encountered withIRDMIS, RMA has chosen to stay with an IRDMIS compatible databasesystem and continues to use AEC's Quality Assurance (QA) program.
4 Chapter 2 Databases
Using the data management systems currently available to activitiesinvolved at EA, a comparison evaluation was made between dBase andIRDMIS. Through a hands-on evaluation of these programs it was found thatboth adequately met the outlined database requirements (paragraph 7) withneither system showing any significant advantage or disadvantage.
In the desirable criteria area (paragraph 8), however, differences wereapparent. A flexible user shell is possible for both systems and an IRDMISshell currently exists. Changes, additions, and deletions to the IRDMIS shellmust be justified, routed through AEC and placed in PRI', work schedule foraction. This limits responsiveness to shell changes as could be performed in alocally operated system. An operator-defined shell could be instaLA within auser's directory on IRDMIS, but would not be directly supported by PRI(Academic Computing Division, USMA has such a UNIX based program).It should be noted that the greatest flexibility in database use is realized byrunning tailored query programs and not from a standardized shell interface.Neither dBase nor IRDMIS demonstrated a significant advantage in the use oftailored query programs.
In the second desirable criteria, a significant advantage of IRDMIS wasapparent. The IRDMIS was designed and is managed to permit commonaccess by many users for input and output. A similar input and output facilitycould be implemented using dBase, but would require a database managersuch as PRI. Such a large and long-term commitment does not seem appro-priate for GL's role at EA, nor is DSH-EA prepared to implement such alarge scale project at this time. It should also be remembered that AEC pro-vides the same database system for all Department of Defense (DoD) installa-tions. Therefore, the IRDMIS skills and techniques employed at EA could beequally applied on similar projects at other federal installations.
Services Provided with IRDMIS
Several advantages and programs are available with IRDMIS to includeprogram oversight by AEC and the availability of a dedicated databasemanager. AEC has made a long-term commitment to update and maintain theIRDMIS. How long is a matter of conjecture, but current indications are forlong-term support.
AEC provides a QA program for chemical analysis labs supplying informa-tion. Tests from AEC certified labs (Appendix C) are characterized based ona combination of sampling techniques, sample holding times and other vari-ables. The test results are then coded as to their accuracy and reliability.Data falling outside AEC-established criteria, not following AEC testing pro-cedures, or coming from a non-AEC certified lab are coded "99." Much ofthe pre-1985 data in the IRDMIS is coded "99" because of current higherdetection and handling standards. Unfortunately, test results from EPA'sstandard for chemical data collection, the Toxic Chemical Leachate Program(TCLP), are also coded "99." EPA TCLP data are a common, standardized
Chapter 2 Database 5
testing procedure which can and should be incorporated in IRDMIS. Anadditional qualifying code could be added to the AEC coding list to indicatethat the TCLP standard for chemical data collection and analysis has beenfollowed. This inclusion should be pursued by EA-DSH and GL-WES.
In addition to chemical analysis QA, IRDMIS has a QA program for dataintegrity. All data submissions are reviewed by PRI to ensure that the dataare properly identified and formatted. This check is concerned with qualita-tive entries and not with quantitative validity. An error such as omitting aninstallation identification code or using an undefined response would be identi-fied as an error during the data QA check. On the other hand, a typographi-cal error such as entering "20" instead of "200" ft for sample depth wouldnot generate an error. The purpose of this check is to ensure sufficient infor-mation is provided to uniquely identify each record and maintain a minimuminformation level on each record. A MS-DOS program, "PC-Tool," waswritten and is maintained by PRI as the mechanism for data input. Thismenu-driven, interacting program checks data as they are entered for compati-bility with the IRDMIS system. This is the same program used by PRI uponreceipt of analytical data to again check for IRDMIS compatibility.
Chemical analysis data are not the only, nor the first entry into IRDMIS.Positional data (X, Y, Z locations) of analysis sites, wells, etc must be sub-mitted prior to chemical analysis submissions. This process assures the com-pleteness of the database record since the positional data and chemical data areproduced by different sources. The positional data are also formatted forinput using the program "PC-Tool." Universal Transverse Mercatur (UTM),longitude-latitude and state planar coordinate systems are honored. A briefsummary of all database record entries can be found in Appendix E and acomplete description is found in the IRDMIS Data Dictionary. No QA or QCprogram similar to AEC's lab certification is applied to positional data.
IRDMIS is also structured to record well construction information, loggingresults, and groundwater elevation data. As with any database, additionalinformation types and records can be added as required. Again, a brief sum-mary of all database record entries can be found in Appendix E and a com-plete description is found in the IRDMIS Data Dictionary.
Lastly, IRDMIS provides common user access. The IRDMIS is availableto any authorized user through the Defense Data Network (DDN) or bymodem. Connection details can be found in Appendix D.
To obtain mero, multiply fed by 0.3049.
6 Chopto 2 Detes..
Difficulties with IRDMIS
IDMIS provides tremendous possibilities but is far from perfect. Themajor difficulty is the lack of user guidance and directions. No consolidateddocument or organization provides single source information concerningIRDMIS. Conceptual use and QA program questions are handled by AECwhile specific hardware and software questions are handled by PRI. Inputvalidation is physically accomplished by PRI, but AEC handles QA and sam-pling technique questions. Passwords are obtained through AEC, but connec-tion details are handled through PRI. The representatives of AEC and PRIwere found to be prompt and helpful with specific questions, but initial userequired a personal visit to AEC and PRI along with substantial trial anderror. Appendix D provides a consolidation of the basic information requiredfor first time use of IRDMIS. Unfortunately, the lack of specific user guid-ance from a single source is a hindrance for potential users and will limit theirdesire to use this system.
As already stated, the presence of a contracted database manager providessignificant advantages for this system. The presence of a contractor notdirectly responsible to the user also presents potential work prioritizationproblems. Though no difficulties were observed during this evaluation,specific requests for information, assistance, or service support could bedelayed if AEC's or the PRI's work priority differs from the user.
Summary
In operability and function no significant difference was found betweendBase and IRDMIS. IRDMIS provides the advantage of an established systemwith a dedicated database manager in place. IRDMIS also provides wideaccess of information by all investigative activities for most DoD sites in theUnited States. The use of IRDMIS will relinquish some user-control overdata input as compared with a local database, but this loss should have aminimal impact on overall productivity. The major shortcomings of IRDMISare insufficient documentation and added layers of management between theuser and the data.
I recommend use of IRDMIS to store GL-WES IR data. The system is notperfect, but it is established and is capable of offering significant advantagesin future IR work. I further recommend that EA-DSH contract an outsidefirm to review the investigative and remediation reports which have beencollected for the EA. The pertinent data from each report can be reduced todigital form and submitted into IRDMIS. Finally, IRDMIS training sessionsthrough AEC and PRI are available and should be attended by prospectiveIRDMIS users.
Chiptr 2 Dtabm, 7
3 Geographic InformationSystems
General
A GIS is a means of graphically displaying land surface, geologic, chemi-cal analysis, and so forth in a spatial or map-type format. Output is normallypreviewed on a computer screen with hard copy products available uponrequest. A GIS is capable of performing the same types of sorts and queriesas a relational database though not with the ease, flexibility, or speed providedby a database program. In comparison with a database, a GIS exchangesspeed of operation for graphical input and output capability. This speed trade-off can be significant, but use of mainframe computers and recent advances inpersonal computers (PC's) has narrowed the difference.
GIS RequirementsThe following are specific requirements required to satisfy this study's GIS
objectives:
a. Functions:
(1) Sort by attribute name and by use of logical operators applied toattributes.
(2) Cross-sectional development capability (i.e. groundwater orgeologic profiles).
(3) Ability to distinguish, display, and plot field entries in close prox-imity (i.e. well clusters < 10-ft spacing).
(4) Able to print formatted output of all or selective tabular datachosen from the GIS interface.
(5) Able to plot scaled maps with a user selected grid system and userselected attributes.
8 Chapter 3 Geographic Information Syateme
(6) Able to import data using X, Y, and Z coordinates as an import
data field (direct input without digitizing).
b. Compatibility with common data formats:
(1) Import and export dBase files.
(2) Import and export ASCII files.
(3) Import and export INFORMIX files.
(4) Import and export Info files.
c. Operating system:
(1) Operate adequately on a "fast" PC (preferred operating system isMS-DOS, but this is not an absolute requirement).
(2) Able to shift system to a SUN or similar work station with minimaldata conversions.
d. Cost:
(1) Minimal cost is always a major consideration. Development isbased on two independent users, EA-DSH and GL-WES-preferably using available software and hardware.
e. Training:
(1) Considerable expertise will be required for system set-up and peri-odic system maintenance, but it is desirable that an "inexperienceduser" interface be available for viewing common sorts, map plots,and tabular report generation.
Discussion
Unlike databases, a standard GIS has not evolved in installation restorationwork. EA-DSH, the Corps of Engineers Baltimore District, U.S. EPA andRMA do not currently employ a GIS. EL-WES is working in ARCInfo andGL-WES has people trained and platforms available to operate ARCInfo,CAMMS, and Intergraph. Numerous Corps of Engineers District offices useIntergraph as their GIS. GRASS is widely used on U.S. military installationsaround the world in conjunction with the Installation Training and Manage-ment System (ITAMS). Finally, RMA has developed an elaborate computer-aided drawing (CAD) system, which is used in conjunction with a database toproduce products similar to a GIS.
9Chapter 3 Geogrphi Information Systems
The following GIS systems were considered during this study; ARCInfo,Intergraph, CAMMS and GRASS. All systems could meet the functions andcompatibility requirements of paragraph 27. However, ARCInfo and Inter-graph met the functions requirements with the greatest ease, and ARCInfo hada distinct advantage in compatibility over all four systems. GRASS, a rasterGIS, has difficulty distinguishing features in close proximity, however, vectoroverlays can be produced to overcome this obstacle. CAMMS required somesoftware improvements to meet all of the requirements in paragraph 26.
Costs of GIS's ranged from extreme to no expense. Intergraph is the mostexpensive since all software and hardware is proprietary. ARCinfo is moder-ately priced and will run on most UNIX based work stations such as a SUNor a mainframe such as a VAX. A PC version of ARCInfo is now availableand operates under MS-DOS using dBase files for relational data storage.This system best operates on a "fast" PC and is upwardly compatible withwork station and mainframe versions of ARCInfo. GRASS software andtechnical support is available at no cost from the Construction EngineeringResearch Laboratory (CERL). GRASS operates in a UNIX environment,normally on a work station. Finally, CAMMS GIS software and limitedtechnical support is available at no cost from the Mobility Section, GL-WESand will run on a PC.
Current Status of GIS at APG
The EL-WES has recently completed digitizing the man-made and naturalfeatures of EA. The digitized database is a compilation of different mapseries over the past 40 years. This work was performed on a reimbursablebasis for the EA-DSH. The project includes digitization, selection of a GIS(PC version of ARCInfo) and procurement of a hardware system to supportthe software. During the study period, EA-DSH was not proficient in the useof ARCInfo, but is scheduled for training by EL-WES. Upon approval of theEA work, EL-WES will begin a similar digitization of the Aberdeen Area ofAPG.
Until completion of EL's digitization of EA, no single map series ade-quately represented EA. Many of the map series used in digitization werebased on single coordinate systems and required conversions betweenlongitude-latitude, state planar, or local coordinate systems into UniversalTransverse Mercatur (UTM) coordinates. The standard coordinate system forthe completed GIS is UTM. The conversions along with inadequate surveycontrol of some large scale maps have introduced an as yet undeterminederror in positional representations. The GIS is generally a better source ofinformation than previously available, but will require validation by groundsurvey before GIS products should be used in final IR assessments or in-depthdevelopment of IR work plans. Use of a global positioning system (GPS)would be ideal for the validation work.
10 Chapter 3 Geographic Information Syatetm
Specialty Graphical Systems
CAD represents another approach in spatial information representation.CAD programs such as AutoCAD are common through Corps of Engineeractivities to include GL-WES. These programs usually operate on "fast" PC'sand provide, quality two-dimensional (2-D) and limited three-dimensional(3-D) mapping and graphic display capability. CAD programs are easilymanipulated and are ideal for one of a kind projects. RMA has expanded onthe CAD concept and developed a detailed CAD installation map which ismanaged by a private contractor. By using "layers" of information, similar toan acetate map overlay, details can be added to a base map. The result is aquality, scaled drawing. Unfortunately, CAD additions and deletions must beperformed manually, often at considerable expense in time and money. AGIS is advantageous because it can quickly create new overlays by queryingfor desired features or attributes and then generating overlays internally. Theadvantage of GIS's increases as the areas under study become larger or moredetailed. The contractor responsible for information management at RMA,DP Associates, has recently submitted a proposal for purchase of an ARCInfosystem to transition RMA from CAD to GIS.
Graphic programs are another area of interest in spatial information dis-plays. Most graphics programs are not GIS oriented, nor do they have thedrawing flexibility of CAD. Many of these programs are aimed at interpola-tion of data sets and developing lines of equal concentrations, elevations, etc.This process, contouring, is a "best fit" process requiring the use of variouspolynomial and regression techniques applied in a trial and error fashion.These techniques can be used in analysis, but commonly the use is simplyinformation exchange. The construction of 3-D graphical models can be atremendous asset in conveying a concept or perception. In addition to plan,perspective, isometric or similar views, such programs also have cross-sectional capabilities which can be useful in displaying geologic profiles orcontaminant plumes.
A graphical program available through AEC is Interactive Surface Model-ing (ISM) developed by Dynamic Graphics. This program is accessed bytelnet or modem on THAMA3 and THAMA6 logins. Though the programcan be executed from any PC or equivalent terminal, a "graphics terminal,such as a Tectronix or PC with Tectronix emulation software, is required toview the plotted results on screen. The plots can be stored in a data file forlater retrieval and local printing. Input for ISM is generated from reportswritten from IRDMIS. Standard reports exist in the IRDMIS IR menu, buttailored reports can also be written, as discussed in Part H of this report.Once generated, contaminant contours, groundwater elevations, etc can beplotted, contoured, and displayed in 2-D or 3-D.
A complete Iris work station with ISM is available at GL-WES. This sys-tem can be linked directly with IRDMIS by telnet to provide faster (local)compilation of data than remote access. Direct linkage of the GL-WES Iris toa plotter is also available.
Chepte 3 Geograpio Infomeion Systenm
Another common, PC based, graphic program is SURFER. Though not asfast nor elaborate as ISM, SURFER is a fully capable, 3-D graphics packagewhich can display surface topography or similar information such as surfaceor groundwater levels. These displays can be viewed in 2-D as plan, con-toured views, or in 3-D as perspective views. SURFER is commonly used inconjunction with CAD programs such as AutoCAD.
A recent development in graphical displays is VHS video presentations.WES has been working with video presentations which consist of multiplecomputer generated section and perspective views appended similar to framesof a cartoon. The result is a dynamic visual presentation offering dynamicviews from several perspectives. A commercial firm, Z-Axis of Aurora,Colorado, produces similar videos, and can use animation technology to fillgaps between successive computer generated views. The application of anima-tion technology is intended to reduce the number of required computer gener-ated views and presumably lower production costs. Similar products of bothanimation and computer simulation can be produced at ITL-WES. Thesetechnologies are new, still developing and relatively expensive. The anima-tion technology claims a savings in computational expense and developmenttime, however, insufficient information was available to validate that claim inthis study.
Summary
All of the GIS's or combination of CAD and database programs reviewedwere capable of meeting the requirements as described in paragraph 27(CAMMS would require some software enhancement). Since EA-DSH hasalready purchased an ARCInfo system and a digitized database throughEL-WES, there is no technical reason for EA-DSH or GL-WES to implementa supplemental GIS. A copy of the ARCInfo database can be obtained fromEL-WES. There is no cost involved with GL-WES operating the database onan existing ARCInfo platform. However, an additional user fee will berequired for each copy of the PC version of ARCInfo obtained.
The use of a CAD program may be desirable for an individual investigatorworking at EA. However, a well maintained GIS should support most user'sneeds. A centralized approach to GIS will reduce effort and cost duplications,and provide each user with the same current information.
ISM is available at WES and through AEC. The incorporation of the datasets from the EA ARCInfo database was possible and was completed forbuildings, roads, shorelines, wetlands and elevation contours as part of thisstudy. Unfortunately, the ability to construct an adequate "gridding" file ofthe contour data does not currently exist. The "gridding" file is the first stepin data Interpolation required for 3-D graphic development. The developer ofISM, Dynamic Graphics, has been notified of this software shortcoming and iscurrently working on a solution.
12 chapter 3 Geographic Information System
IRDMIS data are compatible with the ARCInfo database. As part of thisstudy, a copy of EA analytical and positional well data was downloaded fromIRDMIS, converted to dBase format, and provided to EL-WES for incorpora-tion in the ARCInfo data set they are creating for EA.
Finally, the owner of the GIS, EA-DSH, needs to provide a mechanism forthe validation of the digitized data and correction of errors as they are discov-ered. In addition, multi-user access to the GIS and a method of producinguser requested GIS products needs implementation. These services can beprovided by a dedicated "in-house" GIS manager or through a contractor.
Chapter 3 G.oUqphic Infonnetion Systew 13
4 Recommendations
An installation policy needs implementing concerning the storage of IRanalytical and geologic data for APG. This policy should be applicable to allIR work performed at APG. A unique database could be developed, but thecollocation of AEC at APG and the experience of that organization withIRDMIS make new database development an unnecessary duplication of effortand cost. Designation of a mandatory data storage procedure by APG wouldrequire the establishment of direct and active communication between APGand AEC concerning IRDMIS. This interaction would be essential to ensurethe needs of APG are met and supported.
In the absence of an installation directed policy concerning the storage ofIR data, encouragement should be provided by DSH-EA for submittal of IRdata produced at EA into IRDMIS. Whether specifically supportive of theAPG IR program or not, IRDMIS is still the best available long-term reposi-tory of this information. IDMIS data submission should be accomplishedregardless of whether the information producer intends to access the datathrough IRDMIS or obtain it directly from an analysis lab. Reasons forIRDMIS submittal are two-fold. First, the data are part of an irreplaceablehistorical record, and second all data should be commonly available to eachcontractor and investigator working at APG. As the volume of acquired dataincreases over the next 10-15 years electronic access and retrieval will becomeessential to completely review all of the data produced. It is acknowledgedthat the use of IRDMIS will increase the cost of analysis processing and delaythe return of analytical data (unless duplicate reports are requested for the userand AEC, which bypasses AEC's internal QA process). The long-term bene-fits, however, should outweigh these short-term costs.
When possible, utilize IRDMIS directly for data queries, retrieval, anddevelopment of data reports. The system is available and with use can be aseasy to implement as dBase.
"ITe EA ARCinfo database should be validated by ground survey and/orOPS and corrected as necessary. IRDMIS well positions within the same areashould be included in the validation. This should be a short-term objective.
API should implement a fMl-time GIS manager responsible for EA andAberdeen Area. This person(s) can be in-house or contracte. The utility ofa GIS is directly related to two factors. First, the data must be accrate (as
14 ctopter 4 Rom --mde•tom
stated above) and second there must be "real time" interaction between GISclient requests and GIS output. Without the successful accomplishment ofboth factors, the credibility of the GIS will suffer and its full potential will notdevelop.
Work should continue to transfer all EA ARCinfo data into an ISM com-patible format. Contact with Dynamic Graphics should be maintained con-cerned the transfer of the digitized ARCInfo contour data into a suitable"gridding" file. Ibis development does not hinder the addition of contaminatedata into ISM, but does limit the comparison of such data with respect to thetopographic surface.
APG should instigate changes through AEC concerning the incorporationof TCLP data into the IRDMIS. If the required data standard for EA remainsTCLP analysis, then consideration for coding this information should be pro-vided within IRDMIS.
EA-DSH should reduce the on-hand hard copy reports of investigative andremediation work at EA into a digital format for incorporation in IRDMIS.This work can be accomplished in-house or by contract. The information maynot be of litigation quality but is an important source of historical and investi-gative information if placed in a format conducive to rapid query andretrieval.
15chptw 4 Rowmonendeft.
Appendix AAbbreviations
AA Aberdeen Area, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD
AEC Army Environmental Center
AEHA Army Environmental Health Agency
APG Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD
ASCII American Standard Code Information Exchange
CAD Computer Aided Drawing
CLP Chemical Leachate Program
DSH Director of Safety and Health, EA APG
EA Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD
EL-WES Environmental Laboratory, Waterways Experiment Station
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
GL-WES Geotechnical Laboratory, Waterways Experiment Station
IR Installation Restoration
IRDMIS Installation Restoration Data Management Information System
ISM Interactive Surface Modeling computer program
rTL-WES Information Technology Laboratory, Waterways ExperimentStation
PRI Potomac Research, Incorporated
QS Quality Assurance
Appendix A Abbreviation Al
QC Quality Control
RMA Rocky Mountain Arsenal, CO
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
WES Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS
A2 Appendix A Abbreviations
Appendix BAddresses and Points ofContact
1. Dynamic Graphics - Address: Dynamic Graphic, Inc.1015 Atlantic AvenueAlameda, CA 94501
Technical and Sales Information(415) 522-0700
2. Grafpoint - Mailing Address: Grafpoint, Inc.1485 Saratoga AvenueSan Jose, CA 95129
Sales RepresentativeMr. Roy Caudill, (408) 446-1919, FAX (408) 466-0666
3. Ingres Corporation - Address: Ingres CorporationMarina Village ParkwayAlameda, CA 94501
Sales RepresentativeMr. Tom Baldwin, (415) 748-2519, FAX (415) 748-2545
4. PRI - Mailing Address: Potomac Research, Inc.P.O. Box 14Gunpowder Br.Aberdeen Proving Grounds,MD 21010
Program ManagerMr. Warren J. Wortman, (301) 679-3030, FAX (301) 676-0802
Database AdministratorMs. Irene Vinsen, (301) 679-3030, FAX (301) 676-0802
Apendix B Addresss nd Points of Contat B1
5. RMA - Mailing Address: DP Associates(Installation Contractor Rocky Mountain Arsenalfor Data Management) Building 111
Commerce City, CO 80022
Regional ManagerDr. Jack C. Pantleo, (303) 287-3231
6. AEC - Mailing Address: USAECAWlN:Aberdeen Proving Grounds,MD 21010-5401
Edgewood Area, APG Data Management SupervisorMs. Roxann Moran, (301) 671-1544, FAX (301) 671-1548
AEC Chemistry Branch, EA Project OfficerMr. Doug Stevenson, (301) 671-3348
AEC Geological Branch (Also past use of ISM with IRDMIS)Mr. Ira May, (301) 671-1516
7. WES - Mailing Address: USAE-WESAUN: CEWES- - (Name)3909 Halls Ferry RoadVicksburg, MS 39180-6199
Report Supervisor, GL (CEWES-GG-YH)Dr. James H. May, (601) 634-3395, FAX (601) 634-3453/3139
Silicon Graphics Use, GL (CEWES-GG-H)Mr. Gregory D. Comes, (601) 634-3395, FAX (601) 634-3453/3139
ARCanfo based GIS Production of APG, EL (CEWES-EN-B)Mr. Mark Graves, (601) 634-3395
8. Z-Axis Corporation: Z-Axis(Video Graphic Production) 10800 E. Bethany Drive
Suite 500Aurora, CO 80014
Vice-PresentMr. Raymond C. Hauschel, (303) 696-9608, FAX (303) 696-0857
B2 Appendix B Addresses and Points of Contact
9. Study Investigator: CPT Joe ManousDepartment of Geography andEnvironment EngineeringUnited States Military AcademyWest Point, NY 10996
(914) 938-2472, FAX (914) 938-4175
B3Appendix 3 Addr..... and Point of Contact
Appewdix CCurrent AEC Certified Labs
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
California Analytical Laboratory, Sacramento, CA
Environmental Science and Engineering, Denver, CO
Environmental Testing and Certification, Edison, NJ
EA Engineering Science and Technology
Interpoll, Inc., Circle Pines, MN
International Technologies Corp., Knoxville, TN
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
Pace Laboratories, Inc., Minneapolis, MN
Rocky Mountain Analytical Laboratory, Arvada, CO
Rocky Mountain Arsenal Laboratory
Datachem (Utah Biomedical Testing Laboratory)
Roy F. Weston, Lionville, PA
Roy F. Weston, Stockton, CA
Radian Corporation
VERSAR
NOTE: Some labs are not certified for the full range of AEC specifiedprocedures.
Appmdx C Cufleft AEC Certffied Laj C1
Appendix DIRDMIS General Information
IRDMIS (Installation Restoration Data Management Information System) isthe current product of a 15-yr effort by AEC to develop a data managementsystem. IRDMIS is currently managed by a contractor, Potomic ResearchInstitute (PRI). PRI and AEC are collocated at Edgewood Area, APG (SeeAppendix B for POC's).
IRDMIS is a relational database operating on a Pyramid computer within aUNIX operating system. The database is a product of the Ingres Corporationand software support to included programming manuals is provided throughthat firm (See Appendix B).
IRDMIS can be accessed by either telnet or modem.
a. The telnet and FTP address for the "THAMAI" system is 131.92.80.11
b. IRDMIS can be reached by modem using VT-100 emulation at:
(301) 671-4550, 300-2400 baud Hayes compatible(301) 671-4650, 300-1200 baud Hayes compatible(301) 671-4750, 9600 baud Telcor
All modem connections must be made initially as a subscriber toTHAMAL.
(1) Crosstalk communications software use: Even Parity; 8 Data Bits;1 Stop Bit
(2) Procomm communications software use: Even Parity; 7 Data Bits;1 Stop Bit
c. Connection to other THAMAx systems can be made by telnet fromTHAMA1 by using "telnet THAMAx," where "x" is the name of thesystem being connected.
D1Appendix 0 IOMIS General Inform..won
d. THAMAI and THAMA3 permit access to the IR database. THAMA3also provides access to the ISM program developed by Dynamic Graph-ics. Each THAMAx system requires a separate login and password.
Logins are obtained through the AEC area representative. For EA, therepresentative is Ms. Roxann Moran (See Appendix B). A login applicationform is available in Enclosure 1. Access to more than one THAMAx systemmust be annotated separately on the application.
Upon login, a menu of available report formats can be displayed by typing"IR" (return). The Installation Remediation Menu of report formats will bedisplayed. These reports, used in conjunction with the IRDMIS data dictio-nary, are relatively easy to manipulate but are inflexible in their structure ofqueries and output. Greater flexibility can be obtained by writing specificqueries in the system's database language, SQL (Structured Query Language).To implement SQL, the SQL code must be imbedded in another programminglanguage such as C or FORTRAN. Provided by Ingres is an executable andformatting code called "Report-Writer." Report-Writer is similar toFORTRAN in usage.
IRDMIS data management is broken into three levels.
a. Level 1 data - Input data provided from a lab or other source. Analyti-cal data which meet AEC certification must be analyzed and submittedfrom a AEC certified lab (Appendix B). Survey and positional data(required for each analytical submission) are provided by the crewobtaining the sample or an independent survey crew. In all cases, thedata are placed into the appropriate digital format by the submitter using"PC Tool" or other programs which produces output compatible withPC Tool. PC Tool was produced and is maintained by PRI. Submis-sion of analytical data not meeting AEC certification (including EPATCLP) requires direct coordination with the local AEC data manage-ment supervisor.
b. Level 2 data - Data processing within the IRDMIS system. End usershave no interaction with this data level.
c. Level 3 data - Output data which are accessible using SQL. Details ofcodes, record names, tables etc. are available in the IRDMIS data dic-tionary. A condensed version of the data dictionary is available inAppendix E.
A PC program called "PC Link" is available to connect a PC with anIngres database. PC Link permits direct conversion of database informationinto other data format types such as dBase or Lotus. PC Link is availablefrom the Ingres Corporation.
Interactive Surface Modeling (ISM) is a software program developed byDynamic Graphics. This program is available for remote use on theTHAMA3 and THAMA6 logins. Input for ISM can be generated from
D2 Appendix D IRDMIS General Information
standard query reports available from the IR User Menu or tailored queryreports generated with SQL. The input format is ASCII. ISM provides spa-tial plotting capability for the tabular data generated from the IR database.The data can be contoured and/or displayed in 3-D perspective presentations.The results can be viewed on screen or sent to a hard copy printing deviceusing HPGL graphic output. Viewing on screen requires a graphic terminalsuch as an Iris work station, Tectronix terminal, or use of a graphic terminalemulation package on a PC. One possible emulation package is marked byGraphpoint, Inc. In addition to plotted data, annotation files (roads, elevationcontours, water, etc) can be produced to enhance the visual interpretation ofthe plotted data. Annotation files are not part of the contouring or 3-Ddevelopment and are used only for presentation enhancement.
Documentation available concerning the use of IRDMIS and associatedutilities is as follows:
a. Ingres/Reports: Report-Writer Reference Manual, release 6.3,
November 1989.
Available from: Ingres Corp. Cost: $25.00
GSA Contract GS00K91AGS5822
b. Ingres/SQL Reference Manual
Available from: Ingres Corp. Cost: $55.00
GSA Contract GS00K91AGS5822
c. USATHAMA Quality Assurance Program, USATHAMA PAM 11-41,January 1990.
Available from: AEC Cost: No Charge
d. USATHAMA User's Guide, produced by PRI, November 1989.
Available from: AEC Cost: No Charge
e. THAMA User's Manual, PC Data Entry and Validation Subsystem(IRDMIS PC Tool), version 4.2, produced by PRI, April 1991.
Available from: AEC Cost: No Charge
f PC Tool Software, version 4.2, produced by PRI.
Available from: AEC Cost: No Charge
Appefd D MOMS Genwrl InformuOo D3
g. THAMA User's Manual, Data Dictionary, version 1991.2, produced by
PRI, April 1991.
Available from: AEC Cost: No Charge
h. PC Link Software
Available from: Ingres Corp. Cost: $130.00
GSA Contract GSOOK91AGS5822
i. Grafpoint Emulation Software
Available from: Grafpoint, Inc Cost: $746.25
GSA Contract GSOOK90AG55259PSOI
D4 Appendix 0 IRD.IIS General Informabon
Appendix ECondensed IRDMIS DataDictionary
Pages E-2 and E-3 contain a two-page summary of key level 3 data recorddescriptions contained in IRDMIS. This summary is sufficient for the begin-ning user to extract information from IRDMIS using either the existing IRMENU or tailored queries using SQL. See the IRDMIS Data Dictionary for adetailed listing of IRDMIS data record descriptions.
Page E-4 is a current listing of data tables contained in IRDMIS. Alsoannotated are field names contained in each table and the key fields requiredfor relating different tables during queries.
Page E-5 through E-35 contain a selected extract of the IRDMIS DataDictionary.
"The complete IRDMIS Data Dictionary is available through AEC. SeeAppendix D for details.
"ElAppendix E Condoned IROMIS Dow Dictionary
conx Rtnama1Ny RWqX¶'
forThe installation Restoration Data Managemt Infomation System (IRDMIS)
System Owner - !ozic and Razardous Materials Agency (T!BhM)system Operator - Potomac Research, Inc (PHI)
1. TnsjaL1atLAn crd. (inst) - Identifies installation from which thedata were collected.
Common Examples: AA - Aberdeen Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MdCR - Crane Naval Weapons Support Center, INEA - Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MdRK = Rocky Mountain Arsenal, CO (data after 1984)RM - Rocky Mountain Arsenal
2. nii. Type or Media Tvpa (media-type) - Code identifying the typeof data.
Common Examples: CGW = Chemical Ground Water(Currently the CSW = Chemical Surface Wateronly terms in CSE - Chemical Sedimentuse) CSO = Chemical Soil
3. Sj±..A....(site_type) - Represents a type of landmark, feature orconstruction.
Common Examples: FBLK - Field Blank WELD = Dry WellFELD = Field WELL = Completed WellSPTK = Septic Tank PLUG = Shovel SampleSUMP = Sump BORE = Bore Hole
4. DhAth (depth) - Depth to the nearest foot from the topographicsurface to the interval being sampled. [-9999.0 is used to indicateno data was recorded, since an entry of 0 is possible. Well locations(x, y, & z coordinates) are relative to a local datum].
5. I (samp_date) - Date sample was taken in the field. Thedate of actual testing of the sample (anlydate) is also available.
6. . (anly type) - Code representing the certificationlevel of the analysis.
Common Examples: Cl, 1A, 1B, & C2 can all indicate a competentanalysis level. (see data dictionary for details)
00 = Analytes not requiring certification99 - Quality level of analysis unknown or very poor
7. Analvala knrae (anlyacc) - Decimal number representing thestandard error of the best-fit linear regression line of Found vsTarget values for QC standard additions data.
8. Yajue (value) - Numerical value of analysis result (6 digitfloating decimal precision).
Prepared by CPT Joe Manous for GL-WES 27 Jun 91
E2 n E C MIs NDt DWotny
9. Ma2Auramant RoolpaB (meas bool) - Indicator that a measuredquantity is not within the certified range, or that the test used doesnot yield quantitative results.
Common Examples: EQ = Equal to certified reporting or detectionlimit
LT - < Certified reporting or detection limit.GT = > Certified reporting or detection limit.blank - Within acceptable range.ND = Not Detectable.
10. Unit nf taxuxmmsn (unitmeas) - Units of measured value.
Common Examples: UGL - micrograms/literUGG = micrograms/gramPPM = parts/million
11. Elaggia Qd&,(i_sc) - Code to indicate other-than-usualconditions or results.
Common Examples: D - Duplicate sample or test name.E - Element run with background corrections.H - Out of control, but data accepted due to high
recoveries.blank = No special conditions apply to the
results.
12. PrUma e a~a r (lab_prime) - Organization conducting ororchestrating a given data collection action.
Common Examples: AL - Arthur D. LittleTH = THAMAAH - Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (AEHA)GS - US Geological SurveyWE = WES
13. XftAa.Na (analyte) - Parameter being measured.
Common Examples:11DCE - 1,1-Dichloroethylene HG = Mercury111TCE - 1,1,1-Trichloroethane MEXCLR = Methoxychlor12DCLE - 1,2-Dichloroethane N03 = NitrateAS - Arsenic PCB1016= PCB 1016 (etc)C6H6 - Benzine PH = pHCD Cadmium SE = SeleniumCMONOX - Carbon Tetrachloride AG = SilverCLDEN = Chloride STYR = StyreneCR = Chromium S04 = SulfateCU = Copper MEC6H5 = TolueneENDRN - Endrin TXPHEN = ToxapheneFE = Iron TRCLE = TrichloroethylenePB = Lead C2H3CL = Vinyl ChlorideLIN = Lindane XYLEN = XylenesMN = Manganese ZN = Zinc
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Form ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE O0M8 No 0704-0188
Pulireporting brden for thi collectio = of information.is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewng instruction$, searchingexisting dat soue.gteingandminýXtainn hedata needed. adcpetnadrviwgthcolection of informationend idmet rarng.ti bure eatimate or any other wasct of thisoltion ofInformation, includg SUggestions to reducing this =burden, t gton Headqu arers Se rivei Directatefor informatIon Operaions and Reports. 12 1• Jefferson
Davis Highway. Suite 1204. Arlington= VA 22202-4302. and to the Office of Management and Budget. Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-016U5) Washington, DC 20S03.
1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
I August 1993 I Final report4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS
Information Management for Installation Restorationwith Focus on Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
6. AUTHOR(S)
Joe D. Manous, Jr.
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station MiscellaneousGeotechnical Laboratory Paper GL-93-33909 Halls Ferry RoadVicksburg, MS 39180-6199
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Corps of EngineersWashington, DC 20314-1000
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThis report is available form the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,VA 22161.
12a. DISTRIBUTION IAVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
This report reviews and evaluates database management systems which are currently being used for chemicaland geologic data storage, retrieval, and processing. A review was also conducted of the Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) and their use in coordination with different database and data formats. In addition to review andevaluation, the study consolidated information sufficient for inexperienced user access of the systems recommendedby this study. The focus for this study is the Edgewood Area (EA) of Aberdeen Proving Ground.
14. SUBJECT TERMS IS. NUMBER OF PAGES
Aberdeen Proving Ground 65Database ,magement systems 16. PRICE CODE
Geologic da__17. SIECUM CLASSIFICATOM . SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. UMITATION OF ABSTRACT
O4 REPORT oF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
NSN 7S40-01-230-SS00 Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89)Presctibed by ANSI td Z39.-16296-102
Destoy tids report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.