by joseph park, eric wiskocil, ryan sanchez, jeff janssen · creating, specialized cells, organs...
TRANSCRIPT
By Joseph Park, Eric Wiskocil, Ryan Sanchez, Jeff Janssen
Phylum
PoriferaHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?
Porifera diffuse waste by a single outer layer of cells that separates the inner cellular region from the external environment.
Wastes diffuse from cells into water as water flows through the body.
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Porifera_body_structures_01.png/439px-
Porifera_body_structures_01.png
Phylum
CnidariaHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?
Cnidarians remove nitrogenous waste through its mouth.
Their bodies are saclike, with only two cell layers the outer skin or ectoderm and inner lining to the gut, endoderm.
http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg
http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/SimpleAnimals/cn
idariaDiagram.jpeg
Phylum
PlatyhelminthesHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?
Platyhelminthes excrete waste through flame cells.They have a congregation of sensory organs and nervous tissues at one end of their body giving them a distinct head and tail. Excrete digestive waste products through their mouth.
Phylum Annelida
Animals remove the nitrogenous waste from producing urine in nephridia, filter through nephrostomes, ejected through excretory pores.
The development of nephridia and pores help Annelids excrete waste
Step up from platyhelminthyes
How does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from its body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/Science/animals/Images/Worms.JPG
Some characteristics they are
bilateral, two or more cell layers,
tissues and organs, true coelom,
through gut and mouth and anus.
http://image.tutorvista.com/content/excretion-and-osmoregulation/earthworm-
cross-section.jpeg
Phylum Molluska
Animal removes the nitrogenous waste from producing urine in nephridia, filter through nephrostomes, ejected through excretory pores.
Development of ctendidial gills, and two kidneys
Step up from Annelids
How does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from its body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_07_img0379.jpg
Some characteristics that Mollusks
have are that they have bilateral, two or
more cell layers, tissues and organs,
no cavity, gas exchange organs called
(ctendidial) gills, through gut and with
mouth and anus.http://www.infovisual.info/02/008_en.html
Phylum
EchinodermataEchinoderms have a exoskeleton, an unique water
vascular system that includes tube feet with
suction cups, coelomate and deutersomes.
Same complexity as mollusks
How does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from it’s body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
The digestive wastes are
released through the anus,
and the nitrogenous wastes
are excreted as ammonia
through the tube feet. The
development of tube feet
helps echinoderms excrete
wastes.
http://www.edc.uri.edu/restoration/html/gallery/images/inverts/aforbesi.jpg
Phylum
Arthropoda
Arthropods remove nitrogenous waste through the malphigian tubules, diffusion into water development of malphigian tubes.
The development of malphigian tubes helps the Arthropods help excrete the water
Step up from echinodermata
How does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from its body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01564/images/crabs.jpg
(Crab)
http://robinhoodmarinecenter.com/action_news/uploads/lobste
r1.jpg (Lobster)
Some key characteristics they have
are that they have segmented bodies,
jointed appendages, exoskeleton, and
they bilateral symmetry.
Phylum
ChondrichthyesHow does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from it’s body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
Chondrichthyes remove
nitrogenous wastes as
ammonia as a fluid through
the tail. The development if
pores in the tail help
chondrichthyes remove
wastes.
Step UP from arthropods
This phylum has developed cells, tissues, organs and
gills.
http://wse113466.ta35.talkactive.net//pictures/arter/28/big/vithajklausjost.jpg
http://dj003.k12.sd.us/SCHOOL%20NOTES/chapter_12.htm
Phylum
OsteichthyesHow does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from it’s body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
The wastes are stored in
blood, until the kidneys filter
them out and are excreted.
The development of kidneys
help the animal’s excretion.
Same complexity as
chondrichthyes
Kidneys and gills are essential characteristics
http://www.curator.org/legacyvmnh/weboflife/kingdom/p_chordata/ClassOsteichthyes/ClassOsteichthyes/spiny_boxfish.htm
Phylum
Amphibia
How does the animal
remove nitrogenous waste
from its body fluids? What
structures evolve to make
this process more efficient?
Amphibians have evolved
kidneys and are able to filter
their blood and excrete their
wastes in urine. Ammonia is
filtered out and converted
into uric acid.
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animal-kingdom/amphibians/examples-amphibians_2.jpg
Phylum
Reptilia
Same complexity as amphibia
How does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What Structures evolve to make this process more efficient?
Reptiles have kidneys that filter wastes from the blood and the wastes are excreted in urine. The ammonia is changed into uric acid and excreted through the urine.
Phylum
AvesHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?
Aves has kidneys that filter the blood and remove nitrogenous wastes and digestive wastes. The ammonia is converted into uric acid which is excreted in cloaca, a white, sticky substance.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/snowyowl.gif
A step up from Reptilia
ConclusionThe excretion of animals have developed over time
creating, specialized cells, organs and organ systems, such as kidneys, excretion pores, gut, lungs and gills.
Major changes occur between porifera and cnidaria with the development of cell layers and gut. Later organs are found starting from platyhelminthes.
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Annelids
Mollusks
Echinodermata
Arthropods
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Stair-Step Diagram of the Excretory
System
Bibliographyhttp://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg
http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg
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s/Worms.JPG
http://www.edc.uri.edu/restoration/html/gallery/images/in
verts/aforbesi.jpg
http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_07_img0379.jpg
http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01564/image
s/crabs.jpg
http://robinhoodmarinecenter.com/action_news
/uploads/lobster1.jpg
http://wse113466.ta35.talkactive.net//pictures/arter/28/big/vithajklausjost.jpg
http://www.curator.org/legacyvmnh/weboflife/kingdom/p_chordata/Clas
sOsteichthyes/ClassOsteichthyes/spiny_boxfish.htm
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animal-
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http://christiansotophoto.com/Reptiles%20
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/snowyowl.gif