By Katherine Pitcher, Isabelle Wal, Margaret Doyle, Kait Luncher, Hannah Purvis, Anaca Reed, and Sophia Dettling

bestfreeclipart.com; solarfeeds.com

1880-1894—European powers rapidly colonized Africa

King Leopold II hired Sir Henry Stanley to help him acquire land in the Congo Basin

Dr. David Livingstone opened Africa’s interior and spread Christianity and awareness to end slavery.

Advances in transportation, medicine, and military power also contributed

http://wfps.k12.mt.us/teachers/carmichaelg/new_page_34.htm

Great Britain: Egypt and dreams of "Cape to Cairo”France: active trade in West AfricaBelgium: King Leopold II struggled for land around the Congo River

http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/teachers/curriculum/m9/activity4.php

English financer/businessman

Lived in South Africa became prime minister of

Cape Colony Dreamed of acquiring

British colonies from south to north

Build a railroad from Cape Town to Cairo

Competed against other European powers with similar motives “The Rhodes Colossus” ajdrake.com

France tried to link its colonies from west to east (Senegal to Djibouti) Lead to the Fashoda

Incident and eventual defeat of France

Portuguese also tried to link their colonies

Economic issues kept Britain from building the railroad

Map of Africa and European control, 1914memoryofthisimpertinence.blogspot.com

Beginning of 19th century, few people were practicing Christianity, most were practicing Islam

10,000 missionaries were working at the height of imperialism

Missionaries were spreading Protestant, Catholic, and Anglican branches of Christianity

Important missionary from Scotland

Believed that Christianity could help stop slavery

Traveled from eat to west spreading Christianity to as many people as possible havelshouseofhistory.com

1884-1885 Colonization of virtually all of Africa by

European powers Called together by Otto von Bismarck

of Germany Before, 80 percent of Africa under

local rule Afterwards political boundaries divided

Africa into 50 irregular countrieswysinger.homestead.com

New country boundaries divided coherent groups of people and merged groups that didn’t get along

Congo was originally “neutral” and open to trade Was then claimed by

Belgium’s King Leopold II

wysinger.homestead.com

South Africa is a world leader in mining

Imperialism emerged with the discovery of gold and diamond

Dutch came and utilized Cape of Good Hope as fueling station British later took

over In order to ensure a

profit, British took full power of African laborAfricaoil.ning.com

Some of world’s largest goldfields

End of 1871—50,000 people lived in Kimberley mining camp

Cecil Rhodes gained control at age 16

Imperialism over African slaves provoked racial discrimination Led to Apartheid

Cecil Rhodes,notablebiographies.com

Brittanica.com

The Boer war was between the British and the two, Boer Republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State

Boers were descendents of Dutch settlers, who lived in the area of what we call South Africa

Boers had tried to get away from British rule, and set up their own republics elsewhere

Valuable resources such as diamond and gold, were found in the Boer Republics, causing war to break out between the two groups http://www.infobarrel.com/media/

image/1582.jpg

British used extremely cruel and harsh tactics to get the Boers to surrender, such as concentration camps

After 3 years at war, the Boers finally surrendered in 1902

The two republics were put under British control and united with the Cape Colony, creating the union of South Africa

This creation was the start of the years of racial segregation to come, because the government set up by British rule was run by Whites

   

http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lyiytjy4Io1qbvnui.jpg

• Series of laws were passed by an all white parliament, which chipped away at the rights of blacks

• Mines and Work Act of 1911 and 1926

• Whites received higher wages than blacks

• 1913 Native Land Act• Daniel Malan; Prime Minister

Historycentral.com

Apartheid: Based on African word for separation; system of racial segregation and white supremacy

Apartheid governed every aspect of peoples life

1950 Population Registration Act

Blacks were issued passbooks Blacks could be arrested if

not having the passes upload.wikimedia.org; www.macalester.edu

Africa: Continent in the Balance. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2005. Print.

http://wombat.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/scramble/ http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/a/

ScrambleWhy.htm\ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/empires/0048.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/ 501604/Cecil-John-

Rhodes http://www.wholesomewords.org/mission/bliving3.html http://apsva.us/page/13028 http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/imperialism.+19th-century+European http://lakeplacidcsd.net/lpcsweb.highschool/time/impreli.html http://www.bbb.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofaftrica/

8chapter4.shtml http://school.eb.com/eb/article-43774?query=christian

%20missionaries %20in520africa&ct=null http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/boer_wars_01.shtml

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WARboer.htm