Matter and Energy

By Michael Moritz and Jacob Icolari

Energy

The ability to do work Work is the process of changing the

energy level

Energy Forms

• Chemical• Radiant• Kinetic• Potential• Thermal• Electrical• Nuclear

Kenetic

Example: A ball Flying through the air has kinetic energy because it is in motion.

An object in motion has connect energy because that motion gives it the ability to do work when it collides with another object.

Potential

Example: A weight at the top of a building has potential energy, because energy was put into the weight when it was brought to the top of the building.

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when released.

Thermal

Example: Hot water has thermal energy because of the collective kinetic and potential energy of the molecules within it.

Temperature is the measure of how much thermal energy is in a substance

Chemical

Example: Your body breaks down glucose and reacts it with oxygen to produce energy.

Chemical energy is similar to potential energy but on a microscopic scale by the attraction between different parts of a molecule

Electrical

Example: Some materials have electrons that can be easily moved from one molecule to another, if another electric field is applied. This generates an electric current.

Electrical energy is the movement of electrons to generate energy.

Nuclear

Example: In the sun the nuclei of hydrogen fuse to create helium.

The fusing of nuclei (fusion) and splitting of nuclei (fission) energy is produced.

Radiant

Radiant Energy is the energy that comes from electromagnetic waves; which is called Radiant Energy.

Radiant Energy is, like most forms of energy, measured in joules and is calculated by integrating the Radiant flux of the electromagnetic waves, to the respect of time.

What we learned…

Energy comes in many forms All forms of energy affect the natural

world in different ways. Energy cannot be created or

destroyed. Energy will always transfer from high

to low. energy will not always transfer at a

100% efficiency level.

Matter

Matter is what makes up all things. It is the basis in all life, no matter what it is, it will always have some sort of matter. From the oceans, all the way to mountains, matter is the basis structure to all life.

Atoms

An atom is composed of a center nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Nucleus

The nucleus of an atom is composed of neutrons and protons.

Most of the mass in an atom exists in the nucleus.

Protons and neutrons are composed of the sub atomic particle known as quarks.

A nucleus, must always have and equal number of protons and neutrons, with the exception of a hydrogen molecule.

Electrons

Electrons make up the cloud surrounding the nucleus

An electron carries a negative electric charge.

Electrons when in motion create electricity and magnetic fields.

Electrons give off a -1 charge, which in return balances it out with the proton who gives off a +1 charge.

Protons

Protons are found in the middle of a nucleus, along with neutrons, but is also stable by itself and contains a second identity as a hydrogen ion.

The proton has a +1 charge, that balances it out with the electron which has a -1 charge.

There are a total of three quarks two up, and one down, these quarks are bound together by a strong force.

Neutrons

A neutron, is the only thing that is inside a nucleus that has a neutral charge.

A neutron is know to have a slightly larger electrical charge than that of a proton.

Like a proton, a neutron is structured of three quarks, but instead of two up and one down. The neutron’s quarks are structured as two down and one up.

Molecules

A molecule is technically defined as having two atoms, that are held together by a very strong chemical bond.

Molecules are common in organic substances. They also make up most of the oceans and atmosphere.

Molecule structure

Molecules have fixed equilibrium geometries—bond lengths and angles— about which they continuously oscillate through vibration and rotational motions.

Molecule’s Size

Most molecules are far too small to be seen with the naked eye, but there are exceptions.

DNA, a macromolecule, can reach macroscopic sizes, as can molecules of many polymers.

The smallest molecule is the diatomic hydrogen (H2), with a length of 0.74.

What we learned

Matter isn't just one thing, matte ris what makes up everything, that is anything, that is on the planet earth.

There are four major things that make up an atom, Electron, Proton, Neutron, and Nucleus.

Molecules, are basically the bigger version of an atom, with a slightly bigger structure that helps in the making process of the entire world.

Source Sited

WWW.flexporing.com/energy/energy-types.pdf

WWW.nmsea.org/curriculum/primer/formsofenergy

WWW.energyeducation.gov/energy/section/topics

WWW.NYU.edu/pages.mathmol/textbook/enenergy

WWW.chem4kids.com/files/matter/intro.html

WWW.Mcdaniel.edu/graduate/Ti/pages/Lewis/matterweb.edu