by ms. zain a. malkawi. msdh · halitosis •halitosis word is derived from the latin word halitus,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Oral Cancer
By
Ms. Zain A. Malkawi. MSDH
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Introduction• Cancer:
Imbalance between cell production and cell loss.
Cells showing loss of normal growth control that show invasive and metastatic potential.
It is neoplastic disease: transformation of normal body cells into malignant ones
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Benign Tumours• Grows by expansion and does not
infiltrate the surrounding tissues.
• Encapsulated and resemble the parent tissue.
• The rate of growth is slow usually and does not recur when removed, usually localized.
• And does not cause death unless its location interferes with vital functions
• No necrosis, vascular or lymphatic invasion.
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• It sends out process and destroy the surrounding tissues
• The rate of growth is relatively rapid
• Invasive activity at the margin
• Poor resemblance to the parent tissue
• Frequently show central necrosis
• Tends to recur when removed
• Usually causes death unless its growth can be controlled
Malignant Tumours
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What is Oral Cancer..!!
• Has the same significance of oral diseases
• Happens in any structure of oral cavity:
1. Tongue's surface
2. Lips
3. Cheek
4. Gingival tissue
5. Tonsils
6. Salivary glands
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Tongue Cancer
Gingival Cancer
Lip Cancer
Tonsil Cancer
Salivary Gland Cancer
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Oral Cancer Symptoms
• Sore or lesion which has not healed within two weeks.
• Thickening or lump in cheek
• White or red patches on oral tissues
• Difficulty moving jaw or tongue
• Numbness or swelling of the jaw
• Soar in throat : feeling of something caught in throat
• Chronic hoarseness
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Risk Factors For Oral Cancer
• Use of Alcohol and tobacco excessively in combination: chronic alcoholic people have more lesions at the tongue and the floor of the mouth rather than other location of the oral cavity
• Overexposure to sunlight
• Poor oral hygiene
• Long – term exposure to the chemical carcinogens of tobacco : smoking or smokeless
• Prevention Methods of Oral Cancer ???• Early Detection will save life..!!!
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Halitosis
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Halitosis• Halitosis word is derived from the Latin word halitus,
meaning 'breath', and the Greek suffix -osis meaning 'diseased.
• Unpleasant odor of exhaled air, ( Oral Malodor)and the causes may be local (90% in the oral cavity) or systemic (10% non oral causes)
• The primary cause of halitosis is dry mouth, or xerostomia.
• Bad breath must be a health concern
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Causes of Halitosis
• Xerostomia create s:
Breeding ground for anaerobic bacteria in oral cavity.
Insufficient oxygenating saliva.
pH levels decrease creating a high acidic condition that help to growth of anaerobic bacteria.
These oral anaerobes consume proteins in the form of :(mucus, food particles and other mouth debrises that are not adequately brushed).
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• The bacteria that consume oral proteins produce amounts of sulfurous compounds that smell like: rotten eggs or decaying organic matter.
• Causes chronic halitosis is :
• The excrement of anaerobic bacteria that facilitated by the fermentation of peptides and proteins which found in :
Gingival crevicular fluid
Saliva,
Desquamated epithelial cells
Blood.
Causes of Halitosis
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Oral Causes of Halitosis
• Periodontal infections
• Tongue coating microorganisms
• Xerostomia
• Faulty restorations: retaining food and bacteria
• Unclean dentures
• Throat infection
• Carcinomas
• Cleft palate
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Non- Oral Factors (Systemic Factors) Cause Halitosis• Renal or hepatic failure
• Carinomas
• Diabetes
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Upper respiratory, nasal passages
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Diagnostic Approaches of Halitosis• Professional diagnosis:
Halimeter : portable sulfide monitor used to measure the level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth.
Gas chromatography (GC): used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition
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• BANA test: to find the salivary levels of an enzyme indicating the presence of certain halitosis-related bacteria.
• β-galactosidase test: salivary levels of this enzyme were found to be correlated with oral malodor.
Professional Diagnosis:
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Self Diagnosis
• Smelling one's own breath odor is often difficult
• Patients often self-diagnose by asking a close friend
• A better way would be to scrape the posterior back of the tongue with a plastic disposable spoon and to smell the drying residue.
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Three Easy Steps to Test Yourself f for Bad Breath
1. Stick your tongue out as far as possible
2. Firmly wipe your tongue 3-4 times from back to front with gauze
3. Using both sight and smell: check the gauze for discoloration and smell.
Waite 1 minute : If you see a color (ranged from yellowish to brown in color) on the gauze and
smell odor; you are properly have halitosis
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Home Tester..!!...bad breath detector!!
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Prevention Methods
• A professional scaling (Removing calculus and food derbies) at dental clinic by dental hygienist
• Brush , floss, and use tongue scraper.
• Drink enough water throughout the day.
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• Eat fruits and vegetables : High fiber foods help to keep mouth clean and your body healthier.
• Chewing sugarless gum especially after meals helps regulate the pH of mouth and bacteria growth.
• Use a bacteria reducing mouthwash
Prevention Methods
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Cosmetic Dentistry
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Cosmetic Dentistry
• cosmetic dentistry art techniques that can enhance a good smile .
• Art technology and, materials, cosmetically used to enhance teeth look more natural and last longer than they did in the past.
• It is for teeth that are chipped, stained, crooked or have spaces between them .
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Why Do People Seek Cosmetic Dentistry?
An accident or injury
To improve appearance and maintain self-esteem
To fix a previous or failed cosmetic treatment
To look younger
For Special events..such as wedding.
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Dark Teeth
• The colour of a tooth can be improved by bleaching.
• This is a simple and very effective process,
• usually carried out by wearing a thin mouthguard while you sleep.
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Tooth WhiteningIt is actually a bleaching process
Lightens discoloration of enamel and dentin.
Professionally or at Home
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Crooked teeth
Teeth can sometimes be misshapen or twisted.
This can be corrected e.g. by using porcelain veneers.
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Porcelain Veneers
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Porcelain Veneers
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Lumineers
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Cosmetic Gum Surgery
• Cosmetic Gum Surgery- A "Gummy Smile" or a "Long Tooth Smile" are corrected and treated through gum surgery.
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