by Prof. Lydia Ayers

Origin of MusicLinked with Sex

• Music evolved from mating calls of birds and animals.

• <1:6> Bird calls and gibbon songs

http://www.enature.com/guides/birding_identify.asp

– <1:7> Doves in Bali – "reeds and gongs around their necks …"

NaturalistCharles Darwin

Early Instruments

• The rhythm slowly came from the body and took up residence in:

wood metal and skin

bone

stone

Early Instruments• 7700-9000 year-old red crane bone flutes

from burials at Jiahu, Henan Province, China

– Scientists believe the flute, second from bottom, is the world's oldest still-playable musical instrument.

– [i:3] Example using ancient Chinese folk song Xiao Bai Cai (Little Cabbage)

http://www.pubaf.bnl.gov/pr/bnlpr092299.html

Types of Instruments

• Membranophones

• Idiophones

• Chordophones

• Aerophones

• Electronic

Membranophones• Drums

• A membrane covers one or more openings in a hollow body.

• Striking causes the membrane to vibrate

• <8:01> Nez Perce, “War Dance” (Native American)

Native American drumshttp://www.southweststore.com/pgs/drum.html

http://sioux.org/traditional_dancer.htm

<4:05> Pangut (Korea)

• Farmer's Band Music, performed at Korean Folk Village– Drums

• Puk (barrel drum)• Changgo (hour-glass drum)• Sogo (small frame drum)

– Gongs• Kkwaenggwari (small gong)

Changgo –

hour-glass drum

Taiko (Japan)

• Drums

• <4:07> Za-kyo composed and performed by: Furyu-dagaku Matsuri Shu on Kyoyu http://www.taiko-center.co.jp/enshiwa.html

African Drums

djembe bendirframe drum

<7:3> Talking Drums

• African languages have high and low sounds

• drum language uses high and low tones to represent the words

talking drum

Tabla (India)Ustad Alla Rakha

• <3:01> Ustad Alla Rakha plays basic tabla sounds in Ravi Shankar in Concert

• <3:03> [ii:29] Zakir Hussain and Ustad Alla Rakha, Tabla Duet, with Ustad Sultan Khan, Sarangi

Zakir Hussain &Zakir Hussain &Ustad Alla RakhaUstad Alla Rakha

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