By Scott Osorio, Sung Keum, and Joana Pio

WHAP, 5th

•Ancient Egypt was along the valley of the Nile River to Mediterranean Sea Delta.

Three Regions•Lower Egypt•Upper Egypt •Fayum Depression

•Nubia is located in what is now known as Sudan and parts of southern Egypt.

Two Regions•Upper Nubia•Lower Nubia

Nubian Winter Crops– Milit, wheat, barley,

peas, and lentils.

Egypt Crops and Trading Goods– Wheat, barley, legumes (beans and

lentils), and rice– Fishing– Animal Skins

Nubian Summer Crops•Beans, okras, and some greens

Nubian Dameira Crops•Lupines and tomatoes

Invented the world’s first irrigation systems.First to use the plow. Hoeing was invented. Used wooden flint sickles.

•Frankincense•Myrrh•“Green Gold”•Ivory•Ebony•Precious Oils•Resins•Gums•Panther and Leopard Skins•Monkeys•Dogs•Giraffes•Ostrich Feathers and Eggs

•Bronze Armor and Weapons•Composite Bows•Spears•Grappling Hooks•Battle/War Chariots•A Marine Fleet

Constantly invaded by the Assyrians. In the 5th and 6th Dynasties Egypt recruited Nubian Mercenaries to their military.

Egypt forced out of Nubia, governmental state began to crumble and made way for Civil wars.

•Bacterial Diseases (Preventable by removing water from the body)•Breakdown of food in the internal intestines led to “internal decay” a form of disease.•Illnesses that were unknown of origin were usually said to be caused by evil spirits or was a form of punishment by the gods.

Leshamanlasis is a disease caused by the bite of a female sand fly.

•Individual hieroglyphs•Massive literary effort •The Book of the Dead is born

•Carries spells and rituals to prep the dead for their voyage into the afterlife. •Also held instructions for mummification of the dead pharaohs.

•Pottery, most were a reddish-brown color•Used to store wine and foodstuff•First to use the pottery wheel

•Hieroglyphics used to tell the story of the Egyptians and Nubians.•In itself hieroglyphics was also an art form.•It used picture and symbols to communicate the stories of each king and/ or dynasty.

Shoulder held harps, trumpets, lutes,Oboes and seven-stringed lyres.

The Snake Game & Game Markers

Dyed their fabrics, wore heavy beaded necklaces and other jewelry.

•Woman embraced the men.•Both Men and woman were frequently of the same stature.•Affection between the two was mutual.• Girls weren’t schooled.•Women were taught by private tutors or their own family members•Marriage was a social arrangement.•Marriages weren’t registered or recorded.•Women became pregnant shortly after marriage and had usually big families. •Divorce was uncommon.•Women had more rights in Egypt. (i.e. Social rights, jury, inheritance, disown, etc…)•Women had civil jobs.•No indication of sexism.

Imperialistic Rule•Pharaohs (kings) or Queens•The Royal Family•Royal Advisors & Egyptian Priests•Government Officials/Soldiers•Civilians•Peasants•Slaves

New people came and overtook Nubia. 250 A.D. culture of Nubia changed due to the migration of new people in the Nile Valley.Continued to grow through out the Nile River Valley up to the Mediterranean Sea Delta. Migrated through out the Nile River Valley.

Kings and Queens treated as if they were the gods themselves.The dead Kings had horses, camels, and donkeys sacrificed for them when they died.Source of Religious Code was the Book of the Dead.Temples built all along the Nile and in Nubia. Pyramids introduced in the 8th century. (Tombs of the Dead Kings)Religion was polytheistic.

From the 4th century C.E. to the rise of Christianity in the middle of the 6th century, little or no Information exists for religious practice of Nubia.

•Osiris, Lord of the Dead and Former King of the Gods•Isis, Wife of Osiris and Former Queen of the Gods•Anubis, Guardian of the Dead•Ra, The sun god•Seth, god of chaos and destruction•Horus, Son of Osiris and Isis and New King of the Gods