by: tim farren. can exercise be bad for you? what are benefits of exercise to the cardiovascular...
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EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
By: Tim Farren
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Thought Questions
Can exercise be bad for you?
What are benefits of exercise to the Cardiovascular system?
How much should one exercise?
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Risks of exercise
Increased risk of having a cardiac-related disorder
Including: heart attack, serious heart-rhythm disorder, or even death
Risk is extremely small however
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How age effects the risks
The older one is, the higher the risk of an occurring event during or after exercise
1 per 11 million men 20-39 experience problems
1 per 900 thousand men 60-69 Extremely rare in women of all ages
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Risks for healthy people
Prolonged exercise can show signs of myocardial fatigue
Complete recovery within a few days Exercise is considered healthy because of
the low chances of events and high benefits
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Thought Questions
Can exercise be bad for you?
What are benefits of exercise to the Cardiovascular system?
How much should one exercise?
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Major Benefits of Exercise
Reduced blood pressure
Reduced bad cholesterol levels (LDL and total)
Increase in good cholesterol levels (HDL)
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Benefits Cont’d.
Exercise also improves the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen.
This can make exercise easier at higher levels, especially for those with cardiovascular disease.
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Oxygen Intake
18-25% peak oxygen intake improvement.
18-34% peak exercise duration improvement.
Subjective symptoms, quality-of-life scores, and activity profile have been found better after exercise.
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Indirect Benefits
Muscle Strengthening
Lifestyle Change
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Muscle Strengthening
High pressure with muscle groups occlude muscle blood flow, increasing after-loading of the heart.
This limits chances of cardiac ejection and stroke volume.
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Lifestyle Change
Those who generally exercise tend to include healthier habits in their lifestyle.
Healthier eating, non-smoking, increased water intake.
Causes reduced cardiac risk factors, though the benefits are small.
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Direct Benefits
Resting heart rate decrease Reduced blood pressure Increased peripheral venous tone Plasma volume expansion Increased myocardial contractility and
stroke volume
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Resting Heart Rate
Increase in parasympathetic nerve activity
Contraction rate of the atria is reduced
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Blood Pressure
Resting blood pressure and active blood pressure always lowers from exercise
Caused by strengthening of skeletal muscles
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Peripheral Venous Tone
Increased peripheral venous tone from exercise
Increases central blood volume and cardiac stroke volume.
Also reduces likelihood of hypotension after exercise.
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Plasma Volume
Early response
Expansion in plasma volume after exercise.
Due to adjustments in the renin/aldosterone system during exercise (Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance)
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Myocardial Contractility and Stroke Volume
Exercise increases myocardial contractility.
Boosts oxygen consumption of myocardium.
Can increase cardiac stroke volume by 20% or more.
Leads to increase in functional capacity.
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Thought Questions
Can exercise be bad for you?
What are benefits of exercise to the Cardiovascular system?
How much should one exercise?
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How much exercise is enough?
At least 30 minutes of modest activity on most or all days of the week
30-60 minutes of continuous physical exercise 3 days a week
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How intense?
Exercise sessions of about 60-70% of maximum oxygen intake
Older people can benefit from as low as 40% maximum oxygen intake
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Exercise: Last Thoughts
Since chances of risks occurring are low, exercise is considered healthy.
It is important to keep up with exercise, since sedentary lifestyle can lead to increased risk factors.
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Bibliography
Anonymous. "Physical Activity Exercise's Effects on the Heart." NY Times. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. Dimmeler, Stefanie. 2003. Exercise and
cardiovascular health. Circulation. 107:3118-3120.
Myers, Jonathan. 2003. Exercise and cardiovascular health. Circulation. 107:e2-e5.
Shephard, Roy J. 1999. Exercise as cardiovascular therapy. Circulation. 99:963-
972