Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire NotesByzantine Empire NotesEmperor JustinianEmperor Justinian ConstantinopleConstantinople

GovernmentGovernment Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodox ChurchChurch

LocationLocation

ConstantinopleConstantinople The capital of the The capital of the

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire Rebuilt by Emperor Rebuilt by Emperor

Constantine in the Constantine in the Roman styleRoman style

Strategic location Strategic location made it easy to defendmade it easy to defend

Connected land & Connected land & water trade routes water trade routes between Europe & between Europe & Asia which made the Asia which made the city and some of its city and some of its inhabitants incredibly inhabitants incredibly rich!rich!

Life in ConstantinopleLife in Constantinople

More advanced More advanced than Rome!than Rome!

Hospitals, nursing Hospitals, nursing homes, homes, orphanages, and orphanages, and unemployment unemployment programs helped programs helped the less fortunatethe less fortunate

People attended People attended chariot races at the chariot races at the Hippodrome—the Hippodrome—the Blues & Greens Blues & Greens were rivals.were rivals.

Emperor Justinian IEmperor Justinian I One of the greatest One of the greatest

Byzantine rulers! He Byzantine rulers! He ruled from 527-565ruled from 527-565ADAD

He beautified He beautified Constantinople by Constantinople by building new bridges, building new bridges, public baths, parks, public baths, parks, roads, hospitals and roads, hospitals and many Christian churches.many Christian churches.

He tried to reconquer & He tried to reconquer & reunite the former reunite the former Roman Empire.Roman Empire.

Nike RiotsNike Riots

January 532, a massive riot broke out in January 532, a massive riot broke out in the Hippodrome during a chariot race.the Hippodrome during a chariot race.

The rioters protested the arrest of some of The rioters protested the arrest of some of their team members.their team members.

Emperor Justinian & his wife, Theodora, Emperor Justinian & his wife, Theodora, hid in the palace while the city was in hid in the palace while the city was in flames.flames.

Justinian’s advisors urged him to flee the Justinian’s advisors urged him to flee the city.city.

Empress TheodoraEmpress Theodora

Theodora’s AdviceTheodora’s Advice ““As to the belief that a woman should not be As to the belief that a woman should not be

daring among men or assert herself boldly, I daring among men or assert herself boldly, I consider the present crisis does not allow us to consider the present crisis does not allow us to debate that. My opinion is that now is a poor debate that. My opinion is that now is a poor time for flight, even though it bring safety . . . . If time for flight, even though it bring safety . . . . If now you wish to go, Emperor, nothing prevents now you wish to go, Emperor, nothing prevents you. There is the sea, there are the steps to the you. There is the sea, there are the steps to the boats. But take care that after you are safe, you boats. But take care that after you are safe, you do not find that you would gladly exchange that do not find that you would gladly exchange that safety for death. For my part, I like the old safety for death. For my part, I like the old saying that “The Empire is fine burial cloth.”” saying that “The Empire is fine burial cloth.”” as recorded by Procopius, c. 550as recorded by Procopius, c. 550

What should Justinian do?What should Justinian do?

Result of the Nike RiotsResult of the Nike Riots

Justinian called out his army and put Justinian called out his army and put down the riots.down the riots.

30,000 rioters were killed and 30,000 rioters were killed and Constantinople lay in ruins.Constantinople lay in ruins.

Justinian made reforms including; Justinian made reforms including; rebuilding and improving rebuilding and improving Constantinople, reforming the legal Constantinople, reforming the legal code, and gave women the right to code, and gave women the right to own property and get an education.own property and get an education.

Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

First built by Emperor First built by Emperor Justinian, today it is Justinian, today it is one of the most one of the most famous buildings in famous buildings in the world!the world!

““Glory to God who Glory to God who has judged me worthy has judged me worthy of accomplishing such of accomplishing such a work as this! O a work as this! O Solomon, I have Solomon, I have Outdone you!”Outdone you!”

--Emp. Justinian--Emp. Justinian

Justinian’s CodeJustinian’s Code

Justinian organized a committee of Justinian organized a committee of legal experts to organize and update legal experts to organize and update the laws they had inherited from the the laws they had inherited from the west. west.

The new legal code is known as The new legal code is known as Justinian’s Code. It became the basis Justinian’s Code. It became the basis for many legal codes in the western for many legal codes in the western world.world.

Romans vs. ByzantinesRomans vs. Byzantines Western Roman Western Roman

EmpireEmpire-Popes & Bishops -Popes & Bishops

led the church and led the church and the Emperor led the the Emperor led the government.government.

-Latin was the -Latin was the main language.main language.

-Economy based -Economy based on agriculture and on agriculture and fewer cities fewer cities

Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire (East)(East) -The -The emperor was more emperor was more powerful because he powerful because he was the head of the was the head of the Church and the Church and the government.government.

-Greek was the -Greek was the main language and main language and cultureculture -Economy -Economy based on trade, many based on trade, many cities and wealthiercities and wealthier

ChristianityChristianity The main religion of both empires.The main religion of both empires. MosaicsMosaics, , pictures made with small pictures made with small

pieces of colored stone, tile or glasspieces of colored stone, tile or glass, , were popular decorations for were popular decorations for churches and public buildings.churches and public buildings.

The Great Schism in 1054 The Great Schism in 1054 ADAD, was the , was the first major split in Christianity. The first major split in Christianity. The Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic churches officially divided. Catholic churches officially divided. Differences included the use of icons, Differences included the use of icons, celibacy of priests, language and celibacy of priests, language and leadership.leadership.

Conquest of the Byzantine Conquest of the Byzantine EmpireEmpire

1453 AD the Ottoman Turks, a 1453 AD the Ottoman Turks, a Muslim Empire, captured Muslim Empire, captured Constantinople and defeated the Constantinople and defeated the empire.empire.

The Turks renamed the city, Istanbul, The Turks renamed the city, Istanbul, and it became primarily Muslim.and it became primarily Muslim.

Comparing Justinian’s Code Comparing Justinian’s Code with California’s Code--with California’s Code--

MarriageMarriage Justinianic Code of Law:Justinianic Code of Law: “Citizens are joined “Citizens are joined

together in lawful wedlock when they are united together in lawful wedlock when they are united according to law, the man having reached the years according to law, the man having reached the years of puberty, and the woman being of a marriageable of puberty, and the woman being of a marriageable age . . .provided that . . .they have the consent of the age . . .provided that . . .they have the consent of the parents.”parents.”

““It is not every woman that can be taken as a wife: It is not every woman that can be taken as a wife: for marriage with certain classes of persons is for marriage with certain classes of persons is forbidden . . .thus, father and daughter . . .brother forbidden . . .thus, father and daughter . . .brother and sister are prohibited from intermarriage. and sister are prohibited from intermarriage. However, cousins can intermarry. A man cannot However, cousins can intermarry. A man cannot have two wives at the same time, nor can a woman have two wives at the same time, nor can a woman have two husbands at the same time.”have two husbands at the same time.”

Marriage continued . . .Marriage continued . . .California Code of Law:California Code of Law: “Marriage is a “Marriage is a

personal relation developing from a legal personal relation developing from a legal contract between a man and a woman to which contract between a man and a woman to which the consent of the bride and groom is the consent of the bride and groom is necessary. Consent alone will not produce necessary. Consent alone will not produce marriage . . .it must be licensed, solemnized marriage . . .it must be licensed, solemnized (minister or judge), authenticated (witnessed) (minister or judge), authenticated (witnessed) and the certificate of registry of marriage filed and the certificate of registry of marriage filed with the local county records.”with the local county records.”““Any unmarried male of the age of 18 years or Any unmarried male of the age of 18 years or upwards, and any unmarried female of the age upwards, and any unmarried female of the age of 18 years or upwards, and not otherwise of 18 years or upwards, and not otherwise disqualified, are capable of consenting to and disqualified, are capable of consenting to and consummating marriage.”consummating marriage.”

““Any unmarried male of female under the age of Any unmarried male of female under the age of 18 years is capable of marrying if each of the 18 years is capable of marrying if each of the following documents are filed with the clerk following documents are filed with the clerk issuing the marriage license: 1)the consent in issuing the marriage license: 1)the consent in writing of one of the parents of each person who writing of one of the parents of each person who is underage; 2)a court order granting permission is underage; 2)a court order granting permission to such underage person to marry; and 3)proof to such underage person to marry; and 3)proof that each person under the age of 18 has that each person under the age of 18 has participated in premarital counseling concerning participated in premarital counseling concerning social, economic, and personal responsibilities social, economic, and personal responsibilities associated with marriage.”associated with marriage.”

““Marriages between parents and children, Marriages between parents and children, ancestors and descendants of every degree and ancestors and descendants of every degree and brothers and sisters of the half as well as the brothers and sisters of the half as well as the whole blood . . .are illegal. The act of entering whole blood . . .are illegal. The act of entering into a contracted marriage with one person while into a contracted marriage with one person while still legally married to another is illegal.”still legally married to another is illegal.”

ScenarioScenario Jim Nastics is the 23 year-old son of an Jim Nastics is the 23 year-old son of an

unemployed magician; he travels the unemployed magician; he travels the carnival circuit as a knife-juggling, carnival circuit as a knife-juggling, acrobatic clown. Wilma B. McBride, his acrobatic clown. Wilma B. McBride, his girlfriend, comes from a wealthy family girlfriend, comes from a wealthy family and is a 29 year-old fashion designer in and is a 29 year-old fashion designer in the process of divorcing her first husband. the process of divorcing her first husband. While Jim’s parents support their son’s While Jim’s parents support their son’s wish to marry Wilma, Wilma’s parents are wish to marry Wilma, Wilma’s parents are very much against the idea. Indeed, very much against the idea. Indeed, Wilma’s father told her she is forbidden to Wilma’s father told her she is forbidden to marry Jim.marry Jim.

Critical Thinking!Critical Thinking! 1. Under the Justinian Code of Law, 1. Under the Justinian Code of Law,

could Jim Nastics and Wilma B. could Jim Nastics and Wilma B. McBride marry? Why or why not?McBride marry? Why or why not?

2. Under the CA Code of Law, could 2. Under the CA Code of Law, could Jim and Wilma marry? Why or why Jim and Wilma marry? Why or why not?not?

3. What do you think the law should 3. What do you think the law should be regarding marriage?be regarding marriage?