byzantine empire successor state to rome post-classical: keeping it classy from 600 c.e-1450 c.e

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Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

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Page 1: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Byzantine Empire

Successor State to Rome

Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Page 2: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Fall of the Roman Empire

164 – Antonian Plague spreads through Rome

180 – End of Pax Romana

300 – Diocletian divides the Empire

313 – Constantine legalizes Christianity

410 – Visigoths sack Rome

455 – Vandals sack Rome

476 – Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Page 3: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Eastern Rome: A Survivor Society

• Constantine established the Eastern capital at Byzantium• Constantinople

• Reasons for Survival• Higher level of civilization

• Fewer nomadic invasions• Geography

• Prosperous commerce

• Stronger military

Page 4: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

The Empire Continued

• Continued to use many late Roman ideas• roads

• taxation

• military structure

• court system

• law codes

• Christianity

• Attempt to preserve Roman legacy• Called themselves

Romans

• Forbid German or “barbarian” customs

• Could not wear boots, pants, or clothing made of animal skins

• Could not have long hair

Page 5: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Justinian (527-565)• Byzantine empire reached

greatest size under Justinian (527-565)• Wanted to rebuild Roman Empire

• Temporarily regained North Africa, Italy and southern Spain

• Wife, Theodora, had considerable power

• Rebuilt Constantinople• Hagia Sophia

• Justinian’s Code

Page 6: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Byzantine Empire under Justinian

Page 7: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Hagia Sophia

Page 8: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E
Page 9: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Sui ChinaSilla

Parhae

YamotoJapan

Harsha’ Empire

Chalukya

Avar Kingdom

Frankish Kingdoms

GhanaAxum

SassanidEmpire

Byzantine Empire

States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE

Sui ChinaSilla

Parhae

YamotoJapan

Harsha’ Empire

Chalukya

Avar Kingdom

Frankish Kingdoms

GhanaAxum

SassanidEmpire

Byzantine EmpireSui China

Silla

Parhae

YamotoJapan

Harsha’ Empire

Chalukya

Avar Kingdom

Frankish Kingdoms

GhanaAxum

SassanidEmpire

Byzantine Empire

States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE

Page 10: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

The New Roman Empire• The Byzantine empire centralized its capital at Constantinople adopting and

adapting laws (Justinian’s Code) under Caesaropapal authority, becoming the crossroads between Asian and European trade and developing impressive domed architecture (ex. Hagia Sofia) continuing the engineering tradition of Rome

Page 11: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Ghana

Carolingian

Byzantine

Abbasid Caliphate

Axum

Gurjara-Pratihara

Tang China

Srivijaya

Parhae

Silla

Cordoba Caliphate

Heian Japan

States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE

Ghana

Carolingian

Byzantine

Abbasid Caliphate

Axum

Gurjara-Pratihara

Tang China

Srivijaya

Parhae

Silla

Cordoba Caliphate

Heian Japan

Ghana

Carolingian

Byzantine

Abbasid Caliphate

Axum

Gurjara-Pratihara

Tang China

Srivijaya

Parhae

Silla

Cordoba Caliphate

Heian Japan

States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE

Page 12: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Decline of the Empire

• Begins to decline in 1085• Expansion by rising

European powers

• The Crusades• The Fourth Crusade (1204)

• Turkish Muslims – Seljuks

• Decline slowed by “Greek fire”

• Empire falls in 1453• Constantinople conquered

by Ottoman Turks

Page 13: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Byzantine Challenges

Page 14: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Decline and Fall of the Empire• Challenges to Byzantine military would begin with Various Muslim forces (Arabs and

Turks) as well as fellow Christian bretheren (4th Crusade), territorial losses would diminish their trading capacity and war and plague would decrease their influence on Christianity leading Russia to eventually become the third Rome

Page 15: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Mali

Oyo Benin

Zimbabwe

Zanj City-States

Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam

Majapahit

Ashikaga Japan

Korea

Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate

Granada

Portugal Castile

France

ScotlandEngland

Union of Kalmar

Holy Roman Empire

Poland-Lithuania

Hungary

Ottoman Emp.

Russian States

Khanate of the Golden Horde

JagataiKhanate

Ming China

Timurid Empire

States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE

Mali

Oyo Benin

Zimbabwe

Zanj City-States

Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam

Majapahit

Ashikaga Japan

Korea

Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate

Granada

Portugal Castile

France

ScotlandEngland

Union of Kalmar

Holy Roman Empire

Poland-Lithuania

Hungary

Ottoman Emp.

Russian States

Khanate of the Golden Horde

JagataiKhanate

Ming China

Timurid Empire

States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE

Page 16: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Byzantine Economy• Byzantine coins were the

standard currency of Eastern Europe for 500 yrs

• Manufacturing center• Glassware & mosaics• Thriving silk industry

• Process spread from China• Government regulated

production of silk

• Established banks and business partnerships

• Taxed merchandise that passed through empire

Page 17: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

The “New Rome” - Constantinople

• The “New Rome”• Political, economic, and

cultural heart of the empire

• Largest city in Europe• Nearly 1 million people

• Important trade city• Western anchor of

Eurasian trade routes• Silk Roads

• Europe’s busiest marketplace

Page 18: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Constantinople in Byzantine Times

Page 19: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Byzantine Society

• Early emperors prevented wealthy from seizing peasant’s land• Theme System

• Army recruited soldiers from peasant class• Peasants received land for service

• Free peasantry replaced by large estates in the 11th century• Led to declining tax revenue• Size of the army decreased• Frequent peasant revolts

• Zealots of Thessalonica (1342-1350)

Page 20: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Byzantine Culture

• Cultural Foundations• Christian beliefs

• Greek learning

• Roman engineering

• Byzantine Education• State-organized schools

• Widespread literacy

• Chariot Races• Blues vs. Greens

• Riot of 532

Page 21: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Orthodox Christianity

• Byzantine emperors combined political and religious authority• Caesaropapism• Appointed the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church

• Orthodox or “right thinking” provided a cultural identity

• Empire and the church were essential for achieving salvation

Page 22: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Orthodox/Catholic Similarities

• The Bible

• Sacraments

• Church hierarchy of patriarchs (bishops, priests, etc.)

• Missionary activity

• Intolerant of other religions

Page 23: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

The Great Schism - 1054Orthodox Christianity

• Eastern Europe

• Constantinople

• Greek

• Iconoclasm

• Priests could marry

• Easter

• Caesaropapism

Roman Catholic Christianity

• Western Europe

• Rome

• Latin

• Support use of icons

• Priests must remain celibate

• Christmas

• Pope

They also disagree on:• The nature of the Trinity• Relative importance of faith and reason

Page 24: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Effects of the Great Schism

Page 25: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Rise of Russia

• Area inhabited by Slavs• Vikings arrive using river

system

• Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9th Century• State founded by Rurik

• Capital at Kiev

• People called Rus

Page 26: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Russia & Christianity

• Prince Vladimir converted in 989 • Converted for trade,

commercial reasons

• Elites baptized by order of prince, often against will

• Served as conduit for spread of Byzantine culture, religion

• Cyrillic Alphabet Famous Russian onion domes

Page 27: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

Kievan Rus

• “Third Rome”• Decentralized

government• Divided into

provinces

• Constant strife between boyars and princes

• Constant threat of nomadic invasion

Page 28: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E

COT Byzantine Empire 600-1450

• From 600-1450, the Byzantine Empire would have state-sponsored Caesaropapism combining church and state under Eastern Orthodox Christendom, will continue to preserve the Greco-Roman heritage through the codification of law(Justinian’s Code) and building Monumental argictecture (engineering Hagia sofia), however great challenges to ther supremacy by Persians, Muslims and fellow Christian Crusaders(4th Crusade) would render them weak until their final collapse to the Ottoman Turks in 1453