c u r t i n & p u c r s harmonic mitigation in wind turbine energy conversion systems fernando...

C u r t i n & P U C R SC u r t i n & P U C R S

Harmonic Mitigation in Wind Turbine Harmonic Mitigation in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion SystemsEnergy Conversion Systems

Fernando Soares dos Reis, Fernando Soares dos Reis, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul

Syed Islam and Kelvin Tan, Syed Islam and Kelvin Tan, Curtin University of TechnologyCurtin University of Technology


Table of ContentsTable of Contents

BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction ObjectivesObjectives Power QualityPower Quality Harmonic Characterization Harmonic Characterization The Harmonic Mitigation SchemesThe Harmonic Mitigation Schemes Power LossesPower Losses ConclusionsConclusions


Where is PUCRS?Where is PUCRS?

PORTO ALEGREPORTO ALEGREPERTHPERTH

In Brazil! In Brazil! Did you know that Brazil is 5Did you know that Brazil is 5thth biggest country in the world after Russia, biggest country in the world after Russia, China, Canada and USA, with 8.547.403 kmChina, Canada and USA, with 8.547.403 km22. Our population is about . Our population is about 180 Million of habitants.180 Million of habitants.


All are welcome to BrazilAll are welcome to Brazil

Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro

January RiverJanuary River

Carnival CityCarnival City

Carnival occurs in February Starts Carnival occurs in February Starts the Friday before ash Wednesday (Lent)the Friday before ash Wednesday (Lent)


Rio Grande do SulRio Grande do Sul“Big River of South”“Big River of South”

Porto AlegrePorto Alegre“Happy Harbour”“Happy Harbour”

~3.0 Million habitants~3.0 Million habitants

C u r t i n & P U C R SC u r t i n & P U C R SIn the South of Brazil we are called In the South of Brazil we are called

GAUCHOS (CAWBOYS)GAUCHOS (CAWBOYS)

This is the Brazilian way to make a barbecueThis is the Brazilian way to make a barbecueThe famous CHURRASCOThe famous CHURRASCO


The CanyonsThe Canyons


The University, within its solid physical infrastructure of The University, within its solid physical infrastructure of 300.000 m300.000 m22 of built area, has modern laboratories, of built area, has modern laboratories, Technological Research Institute - IPCT, Technological Research Institute - IPCT, Iterative Technology Museum, the Centre of Events, Iterative Technology Museum, the Centre of Events, Computerised Central Library, the University Hospital, Computerised Central Library, the University Hospital, Technological Park – TECNOPUC and more than Technological Park – TECNOPUC and more than 30.000 students. 30.000 students.


Portico or Main EntrancePortico or Main Entrance


Saint Lucas HospitalSaint Lucas Hospital


Clinic CentreClinic Centre


Convention CentreConvention Centre


Post graduation BuildingPost graduation Building


Law Faculty BuildingLaw Faculty Building


Physical Education Faculty BuildingPhysical Education Faculty Building


Technology Faculty BuildingTechnology Faculty Building


Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul

Marist BrothersMarist Brothers

ChapelChapel



BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction


INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG)

wind energy conversion system (WECS) using variable wind energy conversion system (WECS) using variable speed operation is being used more frequently in wind speed operation is being used more frequently in wind turbine application. Variable speed systems have turbine application. Variable speed systems have several advantages over the traditional method of several advantages over the traditional method of operating wind turbines, such as the reduction of operating wind turbines, such as the reduction of mechanical stress and an increase in energy capture. To mechanical stress and an increase in energy capture. To allow the variable speed operation of the PMSG WECS allow the variable speed operation of the PMSG WECS a conventional three-phase bridge rectifier (BR) with a a conventional three-phase bridge rectifier (BR) with a bulky capacitor associated with voltage source current bulky capacitor associated with voltage source current controlled inverter (VS-CCI) is used. controlled inverter (VS-CCI) is used.


INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• This simple scheme introduces a high intensity low This simple scheme introduces a high intensity low frequency current harmonic content into the PMSG frequency current harmonic content into the PMSG and consequently increases the total loses in it. and consequently increases the total loses in it. Subsequently, decreases the power capability of the Subsequently, decreases the power capability of the system. This work presents a comparative simulation system. This work presents a comparative simulation study between two different approaches applied to study between two different approaches applied to harmonic mitigation on PMSG WECS. The studied harmonic mitigation on PMSG WECS. The studied techniques are: a) harmonic trap filters (HTF), b) techniques are: a) harmonic trap filters (HTF), b) single-switch three-phase boost rectifier (PFC) and single-switch three-phase boost rectifier (PFC) and c) PWM Boost Rectifier.c) PWM Boost Rectifier.


2.4 MW Power Plant in the Northest2.4 MW Power Plant in the Northest


4.8 MW Power Plant in the South (8 x 600 kW)4.8 MW Power Plant in the South (8 x 600 kW)


5.0 MW Power Plant in the Northest 10 x 500 kW5.0 MW Power Plant in the Northest 10 x 500 kW


WECSWECS


Line-commutated inverter Line-commutated inverter


Current controlled inverter Current controlled inverter


Table of ContentsTable of Contents BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction ObjectivesObjectives


AC-DC ConversionAC-DC Conversion



BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction ObjectivesObjectives Power Quality Power Quality


Power QualityPower Quality

• The power quality concepts are well established and The power quality concepts are well established and Widely applied in the relationship between utility and Widely applied in the relationship between utility and consumer;consumer;

• Because it allows the maximization of the energy Because it allows the maximization of the energy resources;resources;

• But these concepts were not normally applied to WECS But these concepts were not normally applied to WECS once there are studies showing that the system once there are studies showing that the system efficiency is practically the some with or without efficiency is practically the some with or without harmonics in the PMSG.harmonics in the PMSG.



BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction ObjectivesObjectives Power QualityPower Quality Harmonic Characterization Harmonic Characterization


Harmonic CharacterizationHarmonic Characterization



BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction ObjectivesObjectives Power QualityPower Quality Harmonic CharacterizationHarmonic Characterization The Harmonic Mitigation SchemesThe Harmonic Mitigation Schemes


The Harmonic Mitigation SchemesThe Harmonic Mitigation Schemes

Passive Harmonic Trap Filters (HTF)Passive Harmonic Trap Filters (HTF) Single-Switch Three-Phase Boost Single-Switch Three-Phase Boost

RectifierRectifier Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier

(AC-DC converter)(AC-DC converter) Objectives Objectives Active Power FilterActive Power Filter


Passive Harmonic Trap Filters (HTF)Passive Harmonic Trap Filters (HTF)


Harmonic Trap FiltersHarmonic Trap Filters


Using HTF for the 5Using HTF for the 5thth and 7 and 7th th harmonicharmonic


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425

THD = 2.26 %

Harmonic amplitude in percent of the fundamental component


PMSG output currentPMSG output current



PMSG output voltagePMSG output voltage


Single-Switch Three-Phase Boost RectifierSingle-Switch Three-Phase Boost Rectifier


Single-Switch Single-Switch Three-Phase Boost RectifierThree-Phase Boost Rectifier


Three-phase PMSG output currents Three-phase PMSG output currents


Three-phase bridge rectifier input currents Three-phase bridge rectifier input currents


Three-Phase Boost type PWM RectifierThree-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier


Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier IGBT Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier IGBT + Diode current+ Diode current


Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier input Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier input currents currents


Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier line Three-Phase Boost type PWM Rectifier line to line voltage to line voltage



0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

THD = 0.06 %




0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

1 101 201 301 401 501 601 701 801 901 1001 1101 1201 1301 1401 1501 1601 1701 1801 1901

THD = 96.25 %




BrazilBrazil PUCRSPUCRS Introduction Introduction ObjectivesObjectives Power QualityPower Quality Harmonic Characterization Harmonic Characterization The Harmonic Mitigation SchemesThe Harmonic Mitigation Schemes Power LossesPower Losses


Power LossesPower Losses

PMSG lossesPMSG losses Bridge Rectifier LossesBridge Rectifier Losses Harmonic Trap Filter LossesHarmonic Trap Filter Losses Semiconductor LossesSemiconductor Losses Mechanical lossesMechanical losses


PMSG losses reference circuitPMSG losses reference circuit


PMSG lossesPMSG losses


ConclusionsConclusions

• In this work three well-known harmonic In this work three well-known harmonic mitigation solutions were applied to PMSG mitigation solutions were applied to PMSG WECS AC to DC conversion. They were WECS AC to DC conversion. They were the HTF, the PFC and the PWM. Harmonic the HTF, the PFC and the PWM. Harmonic trap filters are easily implemented by trap filters are easily implemented by passive components but they are normally passive components but they are normally implemented with bulk components. implemented with bulk components.



• Notwithstanding the HTF had presented the Notwithstanding the HTF had presented the good THD results they are not the best good THD results they are not the best solution once they are a matched solution solution once they are a matched solution for a specific operation point (wind speed for a specific operation point (wind speed and output power). The losses study also and output power). The losses study also has demonstrated that the PMSG efficiency has demonstrated that the PMSG efficiency ((ηη) remains practically constant and the ) remains practically constant and the system system ηη is the lowest when the HTF are is the lowest when the HTF are used. used.



• For these reasons, it is not a recommended For these reasons, it is not a recommended way out to obtain harmonic mitigation on way out to obtain harmonic mitigation on PMSG WECS. On the other hand, the PMSG WECS. On the other hand, the single-switch three-phase boost rectifier single-switch three-phase boost rectifier has presented encouraged results. Such has presented encouraged results. Such as: low current and voltage THD, simple as: low current and voltage THD, simple power topology and control circuit, can power topology and control circuit, can work in all wind conditions and presents a work in all wind conditions and presents a real reduction of the PMSG total losses.real reduction of the PMSG total losses.



• Which allow expecting an increasing in the Which allow expecting an increasing in the PMSG lifetime without reduction of the PMSG lifetime without reduction of the power capability. The main drawbacks of power capability. The main drawbacks of this topology are a) the conduction losses this topology are a) the conduction losses in the BR diodes and switch Q1 since the in the BR diodes and switch Q1 since the high RMS current value caused by the high RMS current value caused by the DCM operation and b) the high output DCM operation and b) the high output voltage 1 kV. Both problems could be voltage 1 kV. Both problems could be minimized using proper diodes and switch minimized using proper diodes and switch like IGBT. like IGBT.



• With the actual technology these problems With the actual technology these problems could be easily solved. The PWM rectifier could be easily solved. The PWM rectifier was studied once if this complex converter was studied once if this complex converter is possible to obtain ideal PF and THD. But is possible to obtain ideal PF and THD. But the losses study has show results very the losses study has show results very closed to that obtained with the Single closed to that obtained with the Single Switch Boost Converter. The main Switch Boost Converter. The main advantage is that with this converter is advantage is that with this converter is possible to work with output voltages possible to work with output voltages around 600V in spite of 1000V.around 600V in spite of 1000V.


THANK YOUTHANK YOU

• It was a pleasure be here I have enjoy the It was a pleasure be here I have enjoy the last six months as the bets in work life.last six months as the bets in work life.

• Special thanks to: Professor Syed Islam Special thanks to: Professor Syed Islam and all staff members.and all staff members.

• I hope see you again here or in BRAZIL.I hope see you again here or in BRAZIL.

c u r t i n & p u c r s harmonic mitigation in wind turbine energy conversion systems fernando...

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