c11 sw rev eia appendices k

8/8/2019 C11 SW Rev EIA Appendices K

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APPENDIX K

Solid Waste Characterization onSan Pedro Town Caye Caulker

Village and Belize City

- Winston F. Panton


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Solid Waste Characterization on San Pedro Town

Caye Caulker Village

and

Belize City

Submitted by Winston F. PantonMarch, 2009


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Waste Generation and Composition Survey at

San Pedro, Caye Caulker and Belize City

Solid Waste Characterization Project Report

Submitted by Winston F. Panton(March, 2009)

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Objective

The objective of this assignment is to characterize the composition of the solid wastegenerated at Belize City, San Pedro and Caye Caulker in order to obtain planning leveldata for the sizing of recycling facility and barging operation through a survey ofrepresentative samples of residential and business areas.

Activities

The activities required for the waste composition survey include the collection of data ina program that analyses physical samples of the waste generated in Belize City, San

Pedro and Caye Caulker. The results of the survey should generate waste generation ratesper person, household, commercial, restaurants, tourist resorts, hotels and institutions foreach of the three communities.

The waste generation surveys scope of work will include the planning and datacollection of a program that analyzes physical samples of the waste generated at each ofthe three communities (Belize City, San Pedro and Caye Caulker). The results of thesurvey will generate current waste generation rates per person, households, commercial,restaurants, tourist resorts, hotels, and institutions for each of the three communities. Themethodology selected by the Contractor shall accurately determine domestic waste andrecyclables per capita generation for the various socio-economic groups, visitor (hotel

guess) and commercial and institutional waste and recyclable generation rates. For eachof the three communities the field work will involve the collection of at least thirtysamples over a one-week time period from domestic sources. Additionally, at eachcommunity representative samples from hotels and resorts, institutions, industries, clinicsand hospitals will be collected over a one-week period as well.


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For each of the three communities the following should be repeated (ANNEX A):

.


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INTRODUCTION

Country Profile

Belize is a great winter tourist destination as it enjoys a warm sub tropical climate. Thepopulation (322,100) is about the same as Corpus Christi, Texas, and the country itself isabout the size of New Hampshire. The society is multicultural, consisting of African-European Creoles, Spanish-Indian Mestizos, African-Indian Garinagus, Mayan Indians,and a few Europeans, North Americans, and Asians.

Belizeans are, for the most part, genuinely friendly people, who lead a laid-backCaribbean lifestyle.

Zoning

Community zoning is not well achieved in the three communities of Belize City, SanPedro and Caye Caulker. The result of this is that commercial business are mingled anddistributed among the dwelling areas; although Belize City does have a commercialdistrict in the Albert Street and Regent Street and Queen Street areas of central BelizeCity. San Pedro also has a small business district on Barrier Reef Drive.

Timing of Survey

The Belize City Garbage Characterization survey was attempted in a time of poor

cooperation from the general community. This problem is as a result of bitter disputesbetween city government and waste management companies and a highly politicizedcampaign period.

The high tourism profile of life on San Pedro and Caye Caulker will skew the results ofthe survey in these areas since the survey took place in the dead season for touristactivities during the months October and November. In this period many businesses werenot operating or operating at a minimum. At the same time the very large majority of theservice population was given leave and would have left the islands for vacation. Manyof these employees maintain families in other parts of the country of Belize.

Sampling volumes

Generally the collection from a sample of 30 completely filled ( to about a foot above thepan) the back of a pick-up truck or a small trailer about the same size. Collections withintwo defined areas required two truck loads. This was the case both in San Pedro andBelize City.
http://www.slickrock.com/odydates.htmlhttp://www.slickrock.com/odydates.html


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This volume works out to about 4 feet by 6 feet by three feet or 72 cubic feet / 8 cubicyards.

BELIZE CITY

Although the capital city of the countryof Belize is Belmopan, the largest city in the country is Belize City, with a population ofabout 66,422 living within an area of about 3,449 acres; and a large amount of economicactivity is carried on here. The water is safe to drink in most areas, and the standard ofhealth care is among the highest in Central America.

Belize City is home to a majority of small industries. There are three (3) major medicalhealth facilities and two (2) medical health laboratories operating as well as two (2)medical health clinics.


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SAN PEDRO

Ambergris Caye is the largest island in Belize.The cayes size is approximately 25 miles long and 4 miles wide at its widest. It is anarrow peninsula on the southern end of Yucatan about 4 miles wide in the northern thirdand narrowing to a few hundred yards in the southern part. This southern part isinterspersed with several inland lagoons. The whole island is flanked by a narrowmanmade river at the Northern border with Mexico, by the Barrier Reef and theCaribbean Sea on its eastern side and by the Bay of Chetumal and the Corozal district tothe west.

The main population dwell within a central town core area and adjacent servicecommunities surrounding it immediately to the north, west and south situated along athin, 3 mile strip of the island 5 miles from the southern tip and about 17 miles from thenorthern end.

Other affluent communities are rapidly developing to the north and south of the town ofSan Pedro consisting of retirement and holiday dwellings and managed Resorts with amixture of time-share as well as owned condominiums.

Total population of San Pedro is variously quoted as somewhere between 15,000 - 20,000persons. Officially, the 2008 mid-year population estimate is 11,600.


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There is one (1) Medical health clinic operating on San Pedro between the hours of 8:00a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Mondays to Fridays.

CAYE CAULKER

Caye Caulker is located south of Ambergris Caye and has earned a reputation as a havenfor budget travelers.

The small island is about 4mi/6.5km long and measures approximately 650yd/600m inwidth at its widest point.

The population of Caye Caulker is around 4,000 -5,000. Officially, it is lower. But thesenumbers are closer to reality as of January 2007.

Caye Caulker has a relaxing atmosphere with white sand streets and golf carts fortransportation. Guesthouses are rather basic, but the pleasant climate and numerous watersports opportunities continue to draw several visitors each year.

Luciano Reyes purchased the island in 1870 and then divided the land among severalfamilies. Caye Caulker has always been a fishing settlement and remains one today;however tourism is a rapidly growing industry.


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GARBAGE MANAGEMENT

BELIZE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Although an authority was established many years ago it never was fully operational formany reasons. It seems that there is now an effort and political will to establish a propernational authority.

BELIZE CITY

The management of garbage is the responsibility of the Belize City Council. The councilhowever contracts garbage collection responsibilities to a private company, The BelizeCity Waste Management. This company is responsible for collecting of the citysmunicipal and commercial garbage twice weekly and delivery to the citys central dumpsite. This site is a poorly managed garbage tip and is the direct responsibility of the CityCouncil maintenance department.

Garbage is actually collected on rotation from the North side of the city 2 days per weekand from the South side of the city also 2 days per week; and from the commercial andhotel centers 2 days per week.

The Belize City Waste Management Company provides a free service for dwellinghouses which is actually paid for under contract with the City Council. Commercialbusinesses do however pay for their garbage disposal to the central city dump site; andthis is done either through the Belize City Waste Management Company or by privatecarrier.

There has been an ongoing dispute between the Belize City government and The BelizeCity Waste Management Company due to financial and political disagreements. Thisdispute has created severe disruption in the garbage collection of Belize City for aprotracted period and has caused difficulties in the collection of survey data even thoughboth sides of the disputing entities have pledged support and interest of the survey.

Two other private waste management companies are responsible under contract to theBelize City Council for the maintenance of street garbage and drainage clearance in the

north side and south side of Belize City. These companies have also been in dispute overa protracted period.

Because of the public dissatisfaction with the disputing parties and City Government thegeneral citizenry and private business establishments were generally uncooperative inproviding valuable information for the survey. Some also violently refused to have thegarbage removed by the survey team. Since December of 2008 at least three attempts at


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survey work had to be abandoned. The final results of the Belize City survey aretherefore incomplete.

SAN PEDRO

The management of garbage is the responsibility of the San Pedro Council. The SanPedro Town Councils garbage collection department is responsible for collecting of thecitys municipal and commercial garbage daily and delivery to the towns central dumpsite. This site is an open area of about 5 acres set between small lagoons within awetlands area about 2 miles to the south of San Pedro Town. The garbage tip and is thedirect responsibility of the City Council maintenance department which minimallyseparates and burns on a daily basis.

The service is free of cost to the dwelling houses but commercial businesses are chargedfor the service by the Town Council whiles some businesses, and in particularconstruction companies, employ private collection and delivery.

Collection of garbage starts around 4:00 a.m. each morning according to a well plannedpick-up route through the main town of San Pedro. The days work is usually completedby 2:00 p.m. in the afternoon. The service is provided 6 out of 7 days from Mondays toSaturdays

The Maintenance department operates two 5 cubic yards trucks with open dump pan. Adriver and a team of three sanitation workers accompany each truck on the collectionroute which start at the Boca del Rio Bridge north of town and continues south of thetown limits near the Victoria House Resort/Hotel.

CAYECAULKER

All garbage collection and delivery is done privately on Caye Caulker. Privatelyemployed garbage collectors use three-wheeled cycles or pick-up trucks or even wheelbarrow to collect and deliver to the Village Council managed garbage dump. This dumpis located near the airstrip on the south portion of the island and is nestled beside a smalllagoon. It is about 5 acres in size.

The dump manager is an untrained couple who live on site in a shack near the entrancegate. Management is very informal. Each delivery is charged at the gate for immediatepayment and is given directions for the garbage delivery spot. The charge is

approximately $3.00 Belize dollars per delivery cart.

The dump is closed between the hours of 6:00 p.m. until 6:00 a.m. next morning.Deliveries are accepted 7 days per week. The garbage is minimally separated and burnedwhen necessary.


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Unofficially, night soil raw sewerage is dumped on this site as well and seems to becarried on during the dark hours of night. The area is infested with crocodiles whichoccasionally capture the keepers dog companions.

Medical Wastes

There is no medical facility on the island of Caye Caulker.

The medical facilities on San Pedro consist of

1. The San Pedro Health Poly-Clinic2. Hope Center a small private clinic3. Small Medical clinic and laboratory for out patients

Except for child deliveries and some urgent after hours week end emergencies The Poly-Clinic is used for all other medical hospital needs.

The Poly-Clinic produces approximately three large garbage bags of waste 2 times perweek of which about 1 bag is RED Waste. (i.e. personal communication.)

These wastes are disposed of on demand by special arrangement with the San PedroTown sanitation department. Improved arrangements for storage and collection arepresently being negotiated.

There is no incinerator at this clinic. The waste is burned normally in the open dump site.

The Belize City hospitals do use incinerators for some of its wastes.

..Construction debri

There is a considerable amount of construction taking place especially in the tourismresort development and new home construction both in San Pedro / Ambergris caye andBelize city.

The majority of the construction waste generated is privately delivered to the garbagedumps on an unscheduled and private basis and is also used for land fill.. This activity ishardly reflected in the survey.


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References:http://www.planetware.com/belize/caye-caulker-biz-be-cac.htmhttp://www.slickrock.com/belize.htmlhttp://www.mfe.govt.nzhttp://maps.cathalac.org/Downloads/data/bz/servir_bz_city_analysis_1980-2007.pdfhttp://www.statisticsbelize.org.bz/
http://www.planetware.com/belize/caye-caulker-biz-be-cac.htmhttp://www.planetware.com/belize/caye-caulker-biz-be-cac.htmhttp://www.slickrock.com/belize.htmlhttp://www.slickrock.com/belize.htmlhttp://www.mfe.govt.nz/http://maps.cathalac.org/Downloads/data/bz/servir_bz_city_analysis_1980-2007.pdfhttp://maps.cathalac.org/Downloads/data/bz/servir_bz_city_analysis_1980-2007.pdfhttp://www.statisticsbelize.org.bz/http://www.statisticsbelize.org.bz/http://www.statisticsbelize.org.bz/http://maps.cathalac.org/Downloads/data/bz/servir_bz_city_analysis_1980-2007.pdfhttp://www.mfe.govt.nz/http://www.slickrock.com/belize.htmlhttp://www.planetware.com/belize/caye-caulker-biz-be-cac.htm


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SURVEY RESULTS

The survey was carried out using workers who had at least 2 years of experiencecollecting garbage both in Belize City and San Pedro Town. They were already familiarwith the collection routes and methods of delivery in these communities. They wereintroduced to the survey methodology with a short period of training in sorting andsafety.

Credit is acknowledged for the good cooperation of the San Pedro sanitation servicesdepartment and also the Caye Caulker Village council chairman and staff and particularlyto the dump site keeper. The Belize City Council sanitation department as well as theBelize Waste Management Company provided some useful assistance.

Activities were carried out using newly purchased equipment and scales purchasedlocally and work and health safety accessories were utilized.

The methodology used was asset out in Annex a above and following methods set out inFigure 2.1: Waste classification from the following publication:

Solid Waste Analysis Protocol Published in March 2002 by the Ministry for theEnvironment PO Box 10-362, Wellington, New Zealand

This document is available on the Ministry for the Environments web site:http://www.mfe.govt.nz

RESULTS

The summary results of the survey are included in the following pages of the report anddetails are attached in spread sheets as follows:

Project design and results (San Pedro Caye caulker Belize City)
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/http://www.mfe.govt.nz/http://www.mfe.govt.nz/


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BELIZE CITY SUMMARY DATA SHEET

SAN PEDRO SUMMARY DATA SHEET

CAYE CAULKER SUMMARY DATA SHEET

COMMENTS

The author apologize for the many delays in the completion of thisassignment.

A number of setbacks plagued the ongoing activities. At the start of theproject local economic activity was at a minimum either because of themonth long national holidays or because of the low season in the major

tourist economic industry. Additionally there was / is an ongoing disputebetween the garbage management companies and the Belize Citygovernment which spilled over into a broiling municipal elections season.

Things are finally getting back to normal for the municipal authorities andgarbage collection is finally being normalized.

Demographic information is not as thorough as was hoped due to a localsuspicion towards the possible use of the information for taxation purposes.

Detailed recording of the results of this survey is reported on Microsoftspreadsheet where the type of garbage collection point is identified by theKEY below.

KEY

B BAR devoted to the sale and consumption of spirits and sodas

C CONDO devoted to condominium ownership

D DWELLINGdevoted to family ownership and sometime room and board forstudents and workers

H HOTEL devoted to general hotel business

R RESORT devoted to tourist or business seasonal occupancy

HR HOTEL & RESORTdevoted to tourist or business seasonal occupancy andcondominium or time share ownership

S STOREdevoted to the sale of merchandize and groceries , as well astourist souvenirs and gift items

CB Commerce/Business devoted to general commercial and business services


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BELIZE CITY SUMMARY DATA - BELIZE

2000.0

2500.0

3000.0

3500.0

4000.0

4500.0

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

PAPE

PLASTI

CS

PUTR

ICIBLE

FERR

OU

NON-FE

RROU

GLA

SS

TEXT

ILE

NAPP

IES A

CLASSIFICATION

WEIGHT(OUNCES)

HIGH INCOME

MIDDLE INCOME

LOW INCOME

N

RUBB

LE

TIMBE

RUBB

E

Hazz

ardo


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HIGH INCOME DWELLING - BELIZE CITY

0%0%

9%

1%

0%

0%0%

PAPER

18%

PLASTICS

18%

PUTRICIBLES

28%

FERROUS

7%

0%

0%

NON-FERROUS

0%

GLASS

12%

0%

TEXTILES

3%

NAPPIES AND

4%

RUBBLE,

0% 0% TIMBER

0%0%

RUBBER2% 0%

Hazzardos

0%

PAPER

PLAST

PUTRIC

FERRO

NON-

FERRO

GLASS

TEXTIL

NAPPIE

RUBBL

TIMBER


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MIDDLE INCOME DWELLING - BELIZE CITY, BELIZE

0%

0%

0%

0%0%

2%

0%

0%

5%

0%TIMBER

0%

0%0%

RUBBER

1%

Hazzardos3%

RUBBLE,

0%

NAPPIES AND

1%

0%

GLASS

5%

NON-FERROUS

0%

FERROUS

4%

TEXTILES

10%

PAPER

21%

PLASTICS

14%

PUTRICIBLES

34%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLES

FERROUS

NON-FERROUS

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AND

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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LOW INCOME DWELLING - BELIZE CITY, BELIZE

PAPER

6%

0%0%

0%

0%0%

TIMBER0%

0%

Hazzardos

0%

RUBBLE,

0%

RUBBER

1%

GLASS

4% 0%

TEXTILES

2%0%

NAPPIES AND

12%

0%

NON-FERROUS

0%

FERROUS

12%

0%

2%

0%

2%

PLASTICS

17%

PUTRICIBLES

40%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLES

FERROUS

NON-FERROUS

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AND

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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GARBAGE CHARACTERIZATION SURVEY - CAYE CAULKER SUMMARY

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTR

ICIBLE

S

FERR

OUS

NON-FE

RROUS

GLA

SS

TEXT

ILES

NAPP

IESAND

RUBB

LE,

TIMBE

R

RUBB

ER

Hazzardos

CLASSIFICATION

W

EIGHT(OUNCES)

ALL INCO

PUBLIC B

HOTELS

BUSSINE


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ALL INCOME DWELLINGS - CAYE CAULKER BZE

0%

0%0%

0%

0%0%

0%

0%

RUBBLE,

0% 0%TIMBER

0%

0%

1%

6%

PLASTICS

9%

PUTRICIBLES

27%

FERROUS

3%

NON-FERROUS

0%

GLASS

5%

0%

TEXTILES

3%

PAPER

17%

NAPPIES AND

29%

RUBBER

0%

0%

Hazzardos

0%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLE

FERROUS

NON-FERRO

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AN

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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HOTELS - CAYE CAULKER, BELIZE

0%

0%0%0%

0%

4%

1%

RUBBLE,

0%

0%2%

PAPER

8%

TIMBER

0%

RUBBER

0%

Hazzardos

0%

0%

FERROUS

3%

0%

0%

0%

TEXTILES

2%

NON-FERROUS

1%

GLASS

18%

NAPPIES AND

12%

PUTRICIBLES

32%

PLASTICS

18%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLE

FERROUS

NON-FERRO

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AN

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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BUSSINESSES - CAYE CAULKER, BELIZE

0%

0%

0%

0%

RUBBLE,

0%

2%1%

0%

2%

0%

0%TEXTILES

1%

0%

0%

NON-FERROUS

1%

GLASS

5%

NAPPIES AND

0%

TIMBER

0% RUBBER

2%

0%

Hazzardos

0%

PAPER

18%

PLASTICS

27%

PUTRICIBLES

31%

FERROUS

9%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLES

FERROUS

NON-FERROU

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AND

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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PUBLIC BINS - CAYE CAULKER, BELIZE

1%

1%

0%

0%

PAPER

0%

0%

2%

0%

0%

0%

0%

RUBBLE,

0%

TIMBER

0%

RUBBER

0%

Hazzardos

0%

NAPPIES AND

3%

0%

0%

0%

TEXTILES

4%

NON-FERROUS

1%

GLASS

4%

FERROUS

3%PLASTICS

11%

PUTRICIBLES

69%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLES

FERROUS

NON-FERROUS

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AND

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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GARBAGE CHARACTERIZATION SURVEY - SAN PEDRO SUMMARY DATA

0.0

1000.0

2000.0

3000.0

4000.0

5000.0

6000.0

7000.0

8000.0

9000.0

10000.0

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTR

ICIBLE

S

FERR

OUS

NON-FE

RROUS

GLAS

S

TEXT

ILES

NAPP

IESAND

RUBB

LE,

TIMBE

R

RUBB

ER

Hazzardos

CLASSIFICATION

WEIGHT(OUNCES)

MIDDLE INCO

LOW INCOME

HOTELS

HIGH INCOME

BUSSINESSES


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HIGH INCOME DWELLING - SAN PEDRO A.C.

0%

6%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

RUBBLE,

1%

TIMBER

0%

RUBBER

4%

0%

Hazzardos

1%

TEXTILES

8%

NAPPIES AND

4%

GLASS13%

FERROUS13%

NON-FERROUS

10%

PUTRICIBLES

16%

PAPER

13%

0%

PLASTICS

11%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLES

FERROUS

NON-FERROUS

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AND

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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MIDDLE INCOME - SAN PEDRO A.C.

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%0%

0%

0%PAPER

7%

RUBBER

1%

NAPPIES AND

9%

TEXTILES

11%

GLASS

7%

NON-FERROUS

0%

FERROUS

5%

PUTRICIBLES

44%

0%

PLASTICS

15%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Hazzardos

0%TIMBER

0%

RUBBLE,

0%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBLE

FERROUS

NON-FERROU

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES AN

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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LOW INCOME - SAN PEDRO A.C.

0%

0%0%

0%0%

0%

0%0%

0%

0%0%

0%

NON-FERROUS

1%

TEXTILES

8%

GLASS

6%

FERROUS

3%

PLASTICS

14%

PUTRICIBLES

48%

NAPPIES AND

4%

PAPER

13%

RUBBLE,

2% 0%TIMBER

0% 0%

RUBBER

1%Hazzardos

0%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBL

FERROUS

NON-FERRO

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES A

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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BUSSINESSES - SAN PEDRO A.C.

0%

0%

0%0%

12%

0%

0%

0%

RUBBLE,0%

0%

0%0%

TIMBER

0%

0%

RUBBER

0%

0%

Hazzardos

0%

GLASS

4%

TEXTILES

1%

0%

FERROUS

2%

NON-FERROUS

0%

NAPPIES AND

2%

PAPER

17%

PLASTICS

15%

PUTRICIBLES

47%

PAPER

PLASTICS

PUTRICIBL

FERROUS

NON-FERRO

GLASS

TEXTILES

NAPPIES A

RUBBLE,

TIMBER

RUBBER

Hazzardos


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