c151 multiuser operating systems introduction to latex
TRANSCRIPT
C151 Multiuser Operating Systems
Introduction to LaTeX
What is LaTex
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LaTeX is a document markup language and document preparation system.
Why LaTeX?
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LaTeX
Separate contents from style
Word
WYSIWYG
Why not MS Word?
Why LaTeX?
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Portable and freeProfessionally crafted layouts are availableThe typesetting of mathematical
formulae is supported in a convenient wayOutput: many different formatsUsers need only to learn a few simple
commands, which specify the logical structure of a document
Complex structures such as footnotes, references, table of contents, and bibliographies can be generated easily
Required Tools
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Editor:TeXnic Winedt
Input file:The input for LaTeX is a plain text file with
extension “.tex”You can create it with any text editor.It contains: the text of the document and
commands which tell LaTeX how to typeset the text.
Compiler (www.miktex.org)Standard installation for LinuxWindowsMac
Output Formats .dvi Device Independent .ps Post Script .pdf PDF .rtf Rich Text Format .html HTML
Compile LaTeXGenerate a dvi file:
>latex file_name.tex
Generate a pdf file
>pdflatex file_name.tex
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Documents Structure (1) Every LaTeX document must contain the
following three components:\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\end{document}
Document Structure (2)Every input file starts with the command:
\documentclass{...}
When all the setup work is done, you start the body of the text with the command:
\begin{document} Now you enter the text mixed with some
useful LaTeX commands.At the end of the document you use the
\end{document}
\documentclass[options]{class}
First line of all LaTeX documents specifies the {type} of the document and the [stylesheet] used.book report article letter Ready templates: IEEETrans, ACM, etc.
In general, required information is included in LaTeX commands in braces {}, while optional information is included in square brackets [].
\documentclass[ieee]{article}
\documentclass{article}
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\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
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\documentclass{report}
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LaTeX Document Example (1)
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}This is some sample text.\end{document}
LaTeX Document Example (2)\documentclass{article}\begin{document}During the 1960s, many large software
development efforts encountered severe difficulties. Software schedules were typically late, costs greatly exceeded budgets and the finished products were unreliable.
\vspace{10 mm}\noindentPeople began to realize that software
development was a far more complex activity than they had imagined.
\end{document}
LaTeX Document Example (2): result
LaTeX Document Example (3)
To add a title to a document use \title and \maketitle\title defines the title and \maketitle inserts it into
the document\maketitle must come after \begin{document}\maketitle usually comes before any other text\title must come before \maketitle
To add an author and date and use \author and \date
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\title{Hello, World! In Latex}\author{Marc Corliss}\date{2/15/2006}\maketitleHello, World!\\\end{document}
LaTeX Document Example (3): result
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AbstractsTo create an abstract, place your text in an
abstract environment, i.e., between \begin{abstract} and \end{abstract} commands.
The abstract should come immediately after your \maketitle command, but before any \tableofcontents command.
Sections\section{Section Title}
\subsection{Title}
\subsubsection{Title}
LaTeX Document Example (4)\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\title{Hello, World! In Latex}\author{Marc Corliss}\date{2/15/2006}\maketitle\begin{abstract}This is example 4.\end{abstract}\section{Hello, World!}Hello Everyone!\\\end{document}
LaTeX Document Example (4): result
SpacesWhitespace characters (e.g. blank, tab,
single linebreak) are treated uniformly as “space” by LaTeX.Several consecutive whitespace characters
are treated as one “space”.An empty line between two lines of text
defines the end of a paragraph.Several empty lines are treated in the same
way as one empty line.
Spaces\documentclass{article}\begin{document}It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word.
An empty line starts a new paragraph.\end{document}.
Editor view
Document view
Special CharactersThe following symbols are reserved
characters, that have a special meaning in LaTeX
$ & % # _ { } ~ ^ \ Some of these characters can be used in
your documents by adding a prefix backslash (escape character):
\$ \& \% \# \_ \{ \}The other symbols (and many more!) can be
printed with special commands in mathematical formulae.
LaTeX CommandsLaTeX commands are case sensitive and start
with a backslash \
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}This is \emph{emphasized} text.\end{document}
Editor view
Document view
CommentsWhen LaTeX encounters a % character while
processing an input file, it ignores the rest of the present line.
This is useful for adding notes to the input file, which will not show up in the printed version.
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}This text is processed. % A comment isn’t\end{document}
Editor view
Document view
Page StylesLaTeX supports three predefined
header/footer combinations. These are known as page styles.
The style parameter of the \pagestyle{style} command defines which one to use:plain prints the page numbers on the bottom of
the page in the middle of the footer (default page style)
headings prints the current chapter heading and the page number on each page header.
empty - both header and footer empty
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Hyphenation There are four hyphens in LaTeX :
1. - (a single dash) is for hyphenating words.
2. -- (two dashes) is for ranges of numbers.
3. --- (three dashes) is for an honest-to-goodness dash between words.
4. $-$ is a minus sign in math mode.
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Hyphenation\documentclass{article}\begin{document}My cousin-in-law lived in Germany in 1995--2006; he speaks French---really, he does. His favorite number is $-2$.\end{document}
Editor view
Document view
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The LaTeX LogoYou can typeset the LATEX logo with the \LaTeX
command. As with most commands, it consumes any
space behind it, so if it isn't at the end of a sentence, use \LaTeX\ instead.
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Appearance of Words\underline{phrase} to underline a phrase,\textbf{phrase} to print a phrase in boldface, and\emph{phrase} to italicize a phrase.
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Centering TextBy default, LaTeX will start all text at the left
margin.
If you want to center a title, a table, etc., surround what you want centered with the commands:
\begin{center} and \end{center}.
LaTeX Example (5) \documentclass{article}\begin{document}\title{\LaTeX\ 1, 2, 3}\author{Liguo Yu}\maketitle\section{Introduction}\begin{center} This is an intruduction!\end{center}\section{Conclusion}Thanks for reading this \textbf{article}.\end{document}
LaTex Example (5): Result
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Bulleted ListsTo create a bulleted list, surround the information
with a \begin{itemize} and an \end{itemize}, and begin each item with an \item.
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\begin{itemize}\item A bulleted item.\item Another bulleted item.\begin{itemize}\item A nested bulleted item.\end{itemize}\item You get the idea.\end{itemize}\end{document}
Editor view
Document view
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Numbered ListsTo create a numbered list, surround the information
with a \begin{enumerate} and an \end{enumerate}, and begin each item with an \item.
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\begin{enumerate}\item A numbered item.\item Another numbered item.\item You get the idea.\end{enumerate} \end{document}
Editor view
Document view
Typesetting MathematicsLaTeX has a Math mode for typesetting mathematics.Within a paragraph, math mode is entered between $
characters, or by using the \begin{math} and \end{math} commands
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}Add a squared to b squared to find c squared, e.g. $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$. It’s as easy as that!\end{document}
Editor view
Document view
Typesetting MathematicsGreek Symbols
\alpha, \beta, \gamma
Superscript, Subscript
x^y x_y x_y^z
Calculus
\int_0^\infty \int{\int}
\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}
Typesetting Mathematics
x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} } {2a}
Figures
\begin{figure}\includegraphics{sample.jpg}
\caption{A sample figure.}\end{figure}
Example\documentclass{article}\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}\begin{document}\begin{figure}
\centering\includegraphics{Figure1.jpg}\caption{Depiction of the production of
kernel-based software}\end{figure}\end{document}
Compile:pdflatex file_name
Result
Columns\begin{tabular}{|…|…|}\end{tabular}
Rows& - Split text into columns\\ - End a row\hline - Draw line under row
Two Columns
l = automatically adjust size, left justifyr = automatically adjust size, right justifyp = set size e.g p{4.7cm}c = centre text
Tabular
Example of table\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\begin{tabular}{|l|r|c|} \hlineDate & Price & Size \\ \hlineYesterday & 5 & Big \\ \hlineToday & 3 & Small \\ \hline\end{tabular}\end{document}
Editor view
Document view
BibliographiesArticles can be referred to in the text using
the \cite commandThe details of the cited articles are stored
in BibTeX format, in a “.bib” file.BibTeX resolves the citations in the LaTeX
file and generates the required bibliography
BibliographiesExample entries from test.bib file:
@book{AhR1975,author = {N. Ahmed and K. Rao},title = {Digital signal processing},publisher = {Springer-Verlag},year = {1975},address = {New York},
}
@inproceedings{Aus1989,author = {James Austin and A. Phantom and B. Nom},title = {High Speed Neural Networks},booktitle = {IEE Image Processing and Applications},year = {1989},pages = {28--32},
}
test.tex file\documentclass[12]{article}\begin{document}\title{Work Study 1, 2, 3}\author{Liguo Yu}\date{\today}\maketitle\section{Introduction}This is an intruduction!\section{Result}By far the most commonly used feature is presented by \cite{Aus1989} and \cite{Ahr1975}.\section{Conclusion}Thanks for reading this article.\bibliographystyle{abbrv}\bibliography{test}\end{document}
Compile LaTeXWe need to compile .tex and .bib
separately and combine the output together to generate a PDF file
>latex test (compile .tex file)
>bibtex test (compile .bib file)
>pdflatex test (geberate .pdf file)
Might need to run several rounds to successfully combine them
Result: test.pdf