c2 zigbee overview

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ZigBee protocol stack overviewZigBee protocol stack overview

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Assumptions for Using this Teaching MaterialAssumptions for Using this Teaching Material

DSR and OTSL takes no responsibility about the problem which occurs as a result of applying the technical information written in this document in a commercial product, although the information is based on actualimplementation and our experiences, is reliable enough.

Agenda

Basic ZigBee overview

802.15.4 basics

Architecture of Zigbee

ZigBee Profiles

Historical necessity of ZigBee

Technical trend and application examples of ZigBee


Objectives

Understand 802.15.4 basics

Understand Zigbee basics and applications

Understand Zigbee basic architecture

Understand Zigbee most common issues.




Basic ZigBee OverviewBasic ZigBee Overview


Basic ZigBee overviewBasic ZigBee overview

ZigBee is a specification for a high level protocol stack using small, low-power and low-cost radios. It based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for Personal Area Network.

ZigBee standard maintained be ZigBee Alliance (www.zigbee.org)

Usually vendors of ZigBee devices use system-on-chip (SoC) solutions with integrated radio and 60-250KB of flash memory.

ZigBee data transmission rate varies from 20 to 900kbits.

For non-commercial purposes, the ZigBee specification is available free to the general public. An entry level membership in the ZigBee Alliance ( Adopter ), provides access to draft specifications and permission to create products for market using the specifications.

The requirements for membership in the ZigBee Alliance causes problems for open-source developers because the annual fee conflicts with the GNU GPL


802.15.4 basics802.15.4 basics

IEEE 802.15.4 specifies physical and MAC layer of low-rate WPANs.

It could be and it used as a basis for different protocols and standards. ZigBee, ISA100.11a, MiWi etc.

IEEE 802.15.4 specification:

802 = networking group

15 = wireless network

4 = low data rate consuming less power



It operates one of the following bands:

868.0-868.6 MHz: Europe, allows one communication channel

902-928 MHz: North America, up to ten channels (2003), extended to thirty (2006)

2400-2483.5 MHz: worldwide use, up to sixteen channels (2003, 2006)



It could use both amplitude and phase keying

Has guaranteed time-slots.

Uses network beaconing.

Has no routing mechanism, so, only star and peer-to-peer allowed.

And the main: Most of the applications often uses only part of 802.15.4 that is suitable for their purposes.



ZigBee ArchitectureZigBee Architecture

Full Function Device (FFD)■ Capable of being the PAN Coordinator■ Implements processing of “Association Request”■ Implements processing of “Orphan Notification”■ Implements processing of “Start Request”■ Implements processing of “Disassociation Notification”Reduced Function Device (RFD)■ Can only associate and communicate with a FFD■ Reduced stack removes optional components

ZigBee Architecture ZigBee Architecture


Mac layer: controlling media, basic rf transmitting/receiving.

Network (NWK) layer: Routing, addressing, discovery and join.

APS layer: Bridge between NWK and upper layers. Binding tables, separate addressing scheme etc.

ZDO layer: Different OTA stack parameters management.

Application/Profiles: Profiles and customer's application.

Architecture of ZigBeeArchitecture of ZigBee


Architecture of ZigBeeArchitecture of ZigBee

The IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer includes features such as receiver energy detection (ED), link quality indication (LQI) and clear channel assessment (CCA). The network addressing follows 64-bit IEEE and 16-bit short addressing, supporting over 65,000 nodes per network. The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC sub layer controls the access to the radio channel using unslotted CSMA-CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) method. It is also responsible for flow control via acknowledgement and retransmission of data packets, frame validation, and network synchronization as well as support to upper layers for robust link operation. peer entity control transfers.


Mac LayerMac Layer

The MAC frame structure has been designed to keep the complexity to a minimum while making the system sufficiently robust for transmissions on a noisy channel.

The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC defines four frame structures:

· A beacon frame, used by a coordinator to transmit beacons.

· A data frame, used for all transfers of data.

· An acknowledgment frame, used for confirming successful frame reception.

· A MAC command frame, used for handling all MAC


NWK LayerNWK Layer

NWK layer handles network addressing and routing by invoking actions from MAC layer.

Starting the network.

Assigning network addresses.

Adding/removing devices to/from network.

Routing messages to the intended destination

Applying security to the incoming/outgoing messages.

Discovery and store routing information


APS LayerAPS Layer

APS layer responsible for communication with relevant applications and

endpoints. As well as for managing binding table.

Here's significant application concepts:

A node may have several applications running on it - for example, a node in an environment monitoring network may be measuring temperature and humidity, each of which is an application. These application instances on a node are said to be endpoints, where messages can originate and terminate.

In order to route messages arriving at the node to the appropriate application, each application on the node must be uniquely identified and is given an endpoint address. Endpoint addresses for user applications are numbered from 1 to 240. Therefore, to identify a particular application instance in a ZigBee network, you need to supply the relevant network address and then the required endpoint address on the node.

Endpoint address 255 can also be used. This is the broadcast endpoint address

ZigBee Cluster Library (ZCL)ZigBee Cluster Library (ZCL)

Cluster is a structure of message or the message itself. Most of the clusters have pair. For example for input and output messages.

ZigBee cluster library, a set of common clusters and attributes used across multiple application profiles.

ZDO LayerZDO Layer

Endpoint address 0 on each node is reserved for a special application called the ZDO (ZigBee Device Objects). This application has a number of roles, including defining the type of node (Co-ordinator, Router or End Device), initialising the node and participating in network creation.




ZigBee ZigBee Application ProfilesApplication Profiles


Application Profiles

– Every data request in ZigBee is sent (and received) on an Application Profile. Application Profile IDs are 16-bit numbers and range from 0x0000 to 0x7fff for public profiles and 0xbf00 to 0xffff for manufacturer-specific profiles.

– Think of a profile as a domain space of related applications and devices. Public profiles are those specified by the ZigBee Alliance (as opposed to private profiles specified by individual OEMs).

– Nearly all public profiles use the ZigBee Cluster Library, so I'll leave the example and details to Chapter 6, "The ZigBee Cluster Library."


The current list of application profiles either published, or in the works are:

Released specifications

ZigBee Home Automation

ZigBee Smart Energy 1.0

ZigBee Telecommunication Services

ZigBee Health Care

ZigBee RF4CE - Remote Control

Specifications under development

ZigBee Smart Energy 2.0

ZigBee Building Automation

ZigBee Retail Services

ZigBee Light Link

.

Application Profiles



Historical necessity of ZigBeeHistorical necessity of ZigBee


Mesh Networking Technology Self-healing mesh networks

Low cost, long battery life, good range, secure

Open Global Standard 2.4GHz is unlicensed, available Worldwide

Anyone can join the ZigBee Alliance

Where can ZigBee fit? Secure, reliable, Personal Area Networks for sensor, control and low bandwidth data

communications.

It’s a low power wireless technology that's ideal for new and old infrastructures.

It can have range between 10m and 2km (with PA) Scalable Networking solutions

Why ZigBee?Why ZigBee?


Bluetooth vs. WiFi vs. ZigBee vs. Others



Technical Trends and Application ExamplesTechnical Trends and Application Examples

Application ExamplesApplication Examples

ZigBee is well suited for a wide range of control uses in just about any market. The Alliance has focused its standards development efforts around the commercial, residential, energy, consumer and industrial sectors. It has developed global standards for energy management and efficiency, home and building automation, health care and fitness, telecom and consumer electronics. Here are just a few examples of what our standards control:

Demand Response

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Automatic Meter Reading

Lighting controls

HVAC control

Heating control

Wireless smoke and CO detectors

Home security

Blind, drapery and shade controls

Medical sensing and monitoring

Remote control of home entertainment systems

Indoor location sensing

Advertising on mobile devices


Technical Trends

The main trend in Zigbee development is improving power management and stack interoperability. These features called Smart Energy 2.0.

The Smart Energy 2.0 effort was launched in 2008 to offer IP-based HAN functionality. It will address the following emerging market requirements:

Deployments in multi-dwelling units

Support multiple Energy Service Interfaces into a single premise

Supports any transport layer based on IETF IP compliant standards, including but not limited to ZigBee IP, other RF-based and Power Line Carrier (PLC)-based transports

Support internationally recognized standards to ensure long-term interoperability with multiple technologies

Accomplishing these goals has led to the adoption of networking standards that ensure interoperability between ZigBee and other network technologies. The ZigBee Alliance is developing an internet protocol (IP) networking layer called ZigBee IP, which is based on the IETF-based 6LoWPAN technology. The application clusters for Smart Energy 2.0 have been mapped to the IEC Common Information Model, that will be implemented in Smart Energy 2.0. This provides a migration path for features defined in ZigBee Smart Energy 1.X to be supported in Smart Energy 2.0.

The ZigBee home area network standard already has lots of challengers (Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, and HomePlug to name just three). Now it faces an assault from the biggest, baddest billion-dollar bully of them all – Google.

Google recently announced it will create its own home networking standard as part of its Android@Home initiative

J. Berst. The founder and

chief analyst of Smart Grid News.com

Technical Trends



The End

c2 zigbee overview

Documents

zigbee specification

zigbee standard

zigbee alliance adopter

basic zigbee overviewzigbee

basicsunderstand zigbee

vendors of zigbee devices

agendabasic zigbee overview802

zigbee data transmission