c3d grading volumes

7/30/2019 C3D Grading Volumes

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2005 AutodeskAutodesk Presentation Title 1

Training Grondverzet,

Terreinen, Volumes

Peter IngelsProdesk

Chris BerendsAutodesk


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Autodesk Presentation Title 2

Peter IngelsProdesk

Chris BerendsAutodesk

Training Grondverzet,

Terreinen, Volumes


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Training Schedule

09.00 u. 09.10 u. Case Presentation

09.10 u. 09.30 u. Case study 09.30 u. 10.30 u. Theory

Surfaces

10.30 u. 11.00 u. Break

11.00 u. 11.45 u. Theory Volumes

11.45 u. 13.00 u. Theory Grading

13.00 u. 13.30 u. Lunch

13.30 u. 14.30 u. Case Practice 14.30 u. 15.00 u. Q&A (case)

15.00 u. 16.00 u. Case Presentations


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Surfaces


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Surface Types TIN Surface

Triangulated Irregular Network

Arbitrary set of points

Creation slower than GRID, files bigger

GRID Surface Points on regular grid

Faster and smaller than TIN

TIN Volume surface composite surface created from a combination of points in a

top (comparison) and (base) surface

GRID Volume surface differential surface based on user-specified top and bottom

surfaces with points on a user-specified grid.


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TIN Surfaces

TIN (Triangular Irregular Network)

surfaces

Formed by triangulating an arbitrary set

of points Used for:

Highly variable surfaces

Examining localized areas

(large-scale maps)


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GRID Surfaces

Grid surfaces

Generated by points that lie on

a regular grid Used for:

More uniform surfaces

Examining large study areas

(small-scale maps)


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Volume Surfaces

Differences between two

existing terrain surfaces

TIN Volume Surfaces Display cut and fill contours. Known as differential

surface. Difference of base and

comparison surfaces.

Grid Volume Surface Provides more accurate

model.

Calculating Surface Volumes

Composite Volumes Accurate volume between two

surfaces.

Bounded Volumes

Volume of an area defined by apolyline or polygon. Comparedwith z =0


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Surface Creation Import/export

TIN/DEM (Digital Elevation Model) files

LandXML(settings:edit default file import settings, link naar XML file blijft bestaan)

Land Desktop


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Surface Creation

Surface Definition Boundaries

Breaklines (Next slide)

Countours

DEM Files (Digital Elevation Model)

Drawing objects

Point files (PENZ file needed) Point Groups


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Surface BreaklinesBreaklines can be defined from objects in the drawing or

imported from a file.

Standard 3D Lines and 3D Polylines

Proximity maintain the integrity of the original surface

Wall 3D Lines, 3D Polylines or points offset side for the entire breakline

elevation difference for each vertex, or entire breakline

From File

Non-destructive non-destructive breaklines, which maintain the integrity of the

original surface


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Surface Non-destructive breaklines

With Without


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Surface Triangulation (Terrain Modeling concepts)


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Surface Edits Add/Delete/modify/move Points

Add/Delete Lines Delete lines in surface creatse a hole in

the surface

Swap Edge Raise/Lower

Minimize Flat Surfaces

Paste -- Workaround :Manual paste surface

(procedure)


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Surface SmootingOnly for TIN surfaces !!!!!

NNI (Natural Neighbors Interpolation) Interpolation, no extrapolation

Elevation new point is based on the elevationof the surrounding points (in voronoi zone)

Kriging

Interpolation and extrapolation Complex (distance and variance)

Less predictable result

Interpolation Location (newly created points) Grid based (X, Y value, region, orientation)

Centroids (region)

Random points (number of points)

Region = Parcel, Polygon, Surface, Rectangle


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NNI Natural Neighbor Interpolation

Concept of Voronoi diagramVoronoi polygon of a point P in a set of points S =

set of point that are closer to point P than any other pointin the set of points S, in the xy-plane

The Voronoi polygons are non-intersecting

DelaunayTriangulationIf every pair of points that share a Voronoi polygon edgeare connected, the result is the Delaunay Triangulation

The Natural Neighbors used for interpolation are all pointsthat a point P is connected to trough the Delaunaytriangulation.

Estimating the z-value of a new point X.- The point X will be connected to some points P1, P2, Pn,. These points have Voronoi polygonsPOLY1, POLY2, POLYn

- X when inserted in the surface, has its own Voronoi Diagram POLY

- z-value is a weighted sum of the z-values of P1, P2, .., Pnweight assigned for point Pi is

Area of polygon (POLY intersected with (POLYi))

--------------------------------------------------------------------area of POLY


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Surface analyses Types

Contours

Directions

ElevationsRenders the surface triangles according to the elevation range they fall in

SlopesRenders the surface triangles according to their slope angle

Slope arrows

Watershedsshows how water flows along and off the surface

User-defined contours

Combination of style and surface properties (3 or 4 steps)

Add legendDisplay tabular andgraphic results

Select analysis typeSelect surface style


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LandXML

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to createelectronic documents that are easy to transmit and shareacross the World Wide Web.

Data stored in LandXML format can be used by any programthat uses LandXML standards, not just the software thatcreated it.

The LandXML import and export functionality is based on theLandXML 1.0 schema and respects OGC standards. Fordetailed information go to: www.landxml.org and

www.opengis.org


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LandXML

LandXML is designed for civil engineering design and surveymeasurement data and serves as common data format totransfer data between civil applications, such as Trimble's

Geomatics Office.

Contains both, geometric and attribute information aboutCivil Engineering objects, such as alignments and COGO

Points.


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Transforming data to LandXML

Allows you to

Exchange data into other software applications.

Transfer/archive data.

Convert units.

Translate/rotate coordinates


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LandXML Reporting utility

Procedure for extending the LandXML report forms

- > http://www.civielontwerpen.net Company layout

Standard forms


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LandXML Reporting utility


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Grading


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Grading


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Grading


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Grading


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Parts of a Grading A grading object normally consists of the base line, thetarget line, the projection lines, and the face.

The face is the area bounded by the lines that define the grading:

The base line is any open or closed figure to which you can apply gradingand from which you can project the grading outward..

The target for the grading can be a surface, a distance, an elevation, or arelative elevation.

Grading Parts


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Grading Regions

You define grading regions where a grading object requires different criteria

along different parts of the base line.


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grading settings

On the Toolspace Settings tab, right-click Grading Edit FeatureSettings.

In the Edit Feature Settings dialog box, expand the General collection.

In the Save command changes to settingsproperty, set the value toYes.

This setting saves command settings for reuse.


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grading settings

Expand the collections for Grading Grade Unit and Grading Slope Unit.Note the options for unit format and precision. The integer value forprecision specifies the number of digits to the right of the decimal place.


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Grading Grade Unit

Precision Specifies the number of digits to display to the rightof the decimal.

Rounding Specifies how numbers are rounded:

Round Normal: Numbers 5 or more are rounded upand numbers 4 or less are rounded down to thedecimal place specified by Precision.

Round Up: Numbers are always rounded up.

Truncate: Numbers are truncated to the decimal

place specified by Precision.Format Specifies how grading numbers are entered and

displayed. Values are automatically converted

Percent

Decimal


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Grading Grade Unit


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Grading Slope Unit

Precision Specifies the number of digits to display to the right of thedecimal.

Rounding Specifies how numbers are rounded, as follows:Round Normal: Numbers 5 or more are rounded up and

numbers 4 or less are rounded down to the decimal placespecified by Precision.

Round Up: Numbers are always rounded up.Truncate: Numbers are truncated to the decimal place specified by

Precision.

Format Specifies how grading ratios are entered and displayed.Values are automatically converted.Rise/RunRun/Rise


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Grading Slope Unit


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Grading Toolbar


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Grading Method (1)Target Specifies the target method for the grading.

Surface: Specifies the target surface. You are prompted toselect a target surface when you create a grading that uses these criteria.

Elevation: Specifies the elevation to which the projection lines ofthe grading object are extended. Enter a positive or negative number.

Relative Elevation: Specifies the

relative elevation above or below the baseline to which the projection lines of the

grading object are extended.

Enter a positive or negative number.

Distance: Specifies thehorizontal distance to which the projection

lines of the grading object are extended.

Enter a positive number.


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Grading Method (2)

Projection Specifies the type of projection.

Cut/Fill Slope: Displays both cut and fill slopes for grading to a targetthat can occur both above and below the base line, such as a surface or elevationtarget.

Cut Slope: Displays positive slopes for grading up to a target.

Fill Slope: Displays negative slopes for grading down to a target.

Distance: Creates the grading with projection lines that extend afixed distance from the base line.

Slope: Creates the grading by projection to a specific(absolute) elevation using a specific slope value. Enter a positive or negative value.

Elevation: Creates the grading by projection to a specific(absolute) elevation value.

Relative Elevation: Creates the grading by projection to a specific elevation

value that is measured relative to the elevation of the base line.

C t F t Li


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CreateFeatureLines

Automatically Convert AutoCAD Objects

Specifies whether you are prompted to convert selected objects to feature

lines. By default you are prompted, change this value to True to convertobjects without prompting.

Erase Selected Objects

Specifies whether creation commands erase selected objects when theyare converted to feature lines. By default objects are erased. Change thisvalue to False to have objects remain in the drawing.

Use Selected Object Layers

Specifies the layer where the converted feature lines are placed. By default,feature lines are placed on the layer specified in the Drawing Settings.Change this value to True to place feature lines on the same layer as theselected objects (Note that doing so may make it hard to select the featurelines if you also set Erase Selected Objects to False).

T t di b i


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To create grading by copying an

existing grading Click Grading menu Grading Layout Tools.

In the Grading Layout Tools dialog box, click the arrow . Click Copy

Create Grading. In the drawing, select the grading from which you want to copy the

criteria and style.

Select the base line in the drawing and select the side of the base linefrom which to grade.

If you are grading from another gradings target line, you are notprompted for the grading side because only one side is available.

Click in the drawing to indicate the side of the base line to which youwant to apply the grading.

Depending on the criteria definition, you may have to specify a distanceand a slope value. Specify whether you want to apply the grading to theentire length of the line. To apply the grading only to a region, enter Nand then specify the start and end points on the baseline that define theregion.


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End of Presentation

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