ca idms deadlock analysis
TRANSCRIPT
World®’16
CAIDMS™DeadlockAnalysis
JohnSiraco,Director,SoftwareEngineeringCATechnologies
MFX71E
MAINFRAMEANDWORKLOADAUTOMATION
2 ©2016CA.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.@CAWORLD#CAWORLD
Abstract
Thissessionprovidesanexplanationofthelockingprocessandthepotentialdeadlocksituationsthatmayhappen.Thematerialpresentsthemessagesgeneratedwhenadeadlockoccursandtheiruseinidentifyingtheunderlyingcauseofthedeadlockscenario.Finallysomegeneralapplicationdesignrecommendationsarediscussedtominimizetheoccurrencesofdeadlocks.ThelastthreesectionsrelatetoCPUsavingsoptions(zIIP),Multitasking,andtheuseofParallelSysplex options.
JohnSiraco
CATechnologiesDirector,SoftwareEngineering
3 ©2016CA.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.@CAWORLD#CAWORLD
Agenda
LOCKINGFUNDAMENTALS
DEADLOCKSCENARIOS
QUESTIONSANDANSWERS
LOCKINGERRORMESSAGES
DEADLOCKANALYSIS
GENERALRECOMMENDATIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
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LockingFundamentals
§ OurdatabasecontainsarecordtypenamedPRODUCTwhichcontainsafieldnamePROD-QUANTITY
§ PROD-QUANTITYrepresentsthequantityofthisproductthatisininventoryandavailabletobeshipped
Whydoweneedlocking?
PRODUCT
PROD-QUANTITY=2
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LockingFundamentals
§ Tworun-unitssimultaneouslyaccessthisoccurrenceofthePRODUCTrecordwiththeintentofallocating2unitsoftheproductforshipmenttoacustomer.
§ Eachrun-unitseesthat2unitsareavailableandeachproceedtoupdatetherecordoccurrence
Whydoweneedlocking?
PRODUCT
PROD-QUANTITY=2
Rununit1
Rununit2OBTAIN OBTAIN
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LockingFundamentals
§ Withoutlocking,eachrun-unitthinksithasallocated2unitsoftheproductforshipmenttoitsassociatedcustomerbutonlyatotalof2unitsexist
§ ThePROD-QUANTITYfieldissettozeroalthough2unitsmorethanavailablewereallocatedforshipment
Whydoweneedlocking?
PRODUCT
PROD-QUANTITY=0
Rununit1
Rununit2
MODIFY
MODIFY
Ships2units
Ships2units
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LockingFundamentals
§ CAIDMSmaintainstwobasictypesofrecordlocks– SHAREDlocks
§ AlsoknownasRETRIEVALlocks§ Multiplerun-unitscanreadarecordoccurrenceandeachcanholdaSHAREDlockonthatoccurrence
§ Norun-unitmayacquireaSHAREDlockonarecordoccurrenceonwhichanotherrun-unithasanEXCLUSIVElock
TypesofRecordLocks
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LockingFundamentals
§ EXCLUSIVElocks– AlsoknownasUPDATElocks– OnlyonerununitcanconcurrentlyholdanEXCLUSIVElockonarecord
occurrence– Norun-unitmayacquireanEXCLUSIVElockonarecordoccurrenceon
whichanotherrun-unithasaSHAREDlock
TypesofRecordLocks
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LockingFundamentals
§ Lockingcontentionoccursinthefollowingscenario– Run-unit1readsthePRODUCTrecordcausingaSHAREDlocktobeset– Run-unit1thenmodifiesthePRODUCTrecordcausingitsSHAREDlock
tobeupgradedtoanEXCLUSIVElock
LockingContentions
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LockingFundamentals
– Beforerun-unit1issuesaFINISHorCOMMITrun-unit2attemptstoreadthePRODUCTrecordoccurrencewhichtriestoestablishaSHAREDlockontheoccurrence.Thiscausesrun-unit2togointoawaituntilitcangettheSHAREDlock.
LockingContentions
PRODUCT
PROD-QUANTITY=0
Rununit1
Rununit2MODIFY OBTAIN
HoldsEXlock
WaitsonSHlock
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LockingFundamentals
§ Whenrun-unit1issuesaFINISHorCOMMITitwillreleaseitsEXCLUSIVElockontherecordoccurrence
§ Run-unit2canthenacquiretheSHAREDlockanditsOBTAINcommandcanbecompleted
§ Run-unit2seesthecontentsoftherecordastheyweresetbyrun-unit1’sMODIFYcommand
LockingContentions
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DeadlockScenarios
§ Basedonthesequenceinwhichrun-unitsaccessdatabaserecordsitispossiblethattwoormorerun-unitseachholdlocksonrecordoccurrencesrequiredbytheotherrun-unit
§ Whenthisoccursadeadlyembraceordeadlockoccursandoneoftherun-unitsmustbeabended
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DeadlockScenarios(cont.)
§ Adeadlockoccursinourexamplewiththefollowingsequenceofevents– Run-unit1issuesanOBTAINagainstaPRODUCToccurrencecausinga
SHAREDlocktobeset– Run-unit2issuesanOBTAINagainstthesamePRODUCToccurrence
causinganotherSHAREDlocktobesetontherecord
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DeadlockScenarios(cont.)
– Run-unit1issuesaMODIFYagainsttherecordoccurrenceandgoesintoawaituntilrun-unit2releasesitsSHAREDlock
– Run-unit2issuesaMODIFYagainstthesameoccurrenceandgoesintoawaituntilrun-unit1releasesitsSHAREDlock
– Adeadlockconditionexistsbetweenrun-units1and2andmustberesolvedbyabendingoneoftherun-units
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PRODUCT
PROD-QUANTITY=2
Rununit1
Rununit2OBTAIN
HoldsSHAREDlock
OBTAINHoldsSHARED
lock
MODIFYWaitsforEXCLUSIVE
lock
MODIFYWaitsforEXCLUSIVE
lock
DeadlockScenarios(cont.)
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DeadlockScenarios(cont.)
§ Deadlockscanoccurbetweenmultiplerun-unitsandinvolvemultiplerecordtypes,recordoccurrences,orotherresources
RecordA RecordB
Rununit1
Rununit2
HoldslockHoldslock
Waitsforlock
Waitsforlock
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LockingErrorMessages
§ Whenadeadlockconditionoccurs,aclusterofmessageswillbewrittentotheCV’slog
§ OneDC001000foreachtaskinvolvedinthelockingcontention
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LockingErrorMessages(con’t)
§ OptionallyDC001001messagescanbegeneratedprovidingadditionalinformationaboutthelockingcontention– GeneratedwhenDEADLOCK_DETAILS=ONspecifiedintheCV’s
SYSIDMSfile– Twolinespertask
§ Onelinecontainingheaders§ Secondlinecontainingtheactualdata
§ ADC001002messageindicatingthetaskthatwasabortedaspartofthedeadlockresolution
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LockingErrorMessages(cont.)
DC001000T:852690APPCP:APXPO031C:DEADWAITINGONR:LTXNLOCK0004200900397442
DC001001Txn/RUIDRUNAMESUBSCUserIDFE- ID1FE- ID2FE- ID3FETskcdDC001001451537594APXPO031APXSS100****
DC001000T:852711ADS2P:APXD1476C:DEADWAITINGONR:LTXNLOCK00052008008BDB94
DC001001Txn/RUIDRUNAMESUBSCUserIDFE- ID1FE- ID2FE- ID3FETskcdDC001001451537611APXD1476APXSS100C087415
DC001002T:852711ADS2P:APXD1476C:DEADDEADLOCKEDONR:LTXNLOCK00052008008BDB94
Onegrouppertask
Abending task
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LockingErrorMessages(cont.)
§ EachDC001000messagerepresentsataskthatisaparticipantinthedeadlockandiswaitingforaresource
§ Thefirst4fieldsofthemessageprovide:– Thetaskidofthewaitingtask– Thetaskcodethatinvokedthetask– Theprogramnamethatisbeingexecuted– Thestatusofthetask
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LockingErrorMessages(cont.)
§ Thelastfieldfollowingtheliteral‘R:’providestheresourceuponwhichthetaskiswaiting
R:<Type><wwwwxxyy zzzzzzzz>
Type- LTXNLOCK LocaltransactionlockGTXNLOCK GlobaltransactionlockPAGELOCK PAGELOCK
<wwwwxxyy zzzzzzzz>
<wwww> Pagegroup<xx> Codeidentifyingthevaluein<zzzzzzzz>
‘00’ <zzzzzzzz>containsadbkey (Recordlock)‘20’ <zzzzzzzz>containsapagenumber(SpaceManagementlock)‘80’ <zzzzzzzz>containsanarea’slowpage(Arealock)‘C0’ <zzzzzzzz>containsanarea’slowpage(Transientlock)‘01’ <zzzzzzzz>containsapagenumber(Pagelock)
<yy> Dbkey radix
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LockingErrorMessages(cont.)
§ ADC001001messageprovidesfurtherinformationtoassistinthedescriptionofthetaskdescribedintheprecedingDC001000message– Transactionid– ProgramnamefoundintheSUBSCHEMA-CONTROLwhentherun-unitwas
bound– Subschematowhichtherun-unitisbound
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LockingErrorMessages(cont.)
§ OneDC001001messagewillbedisplayedforeachrun-unitassociatedwiththewaitingtask
§ ADC001002messageisgeneratedtoidentifythetaskthatwasabortedtoresolvethedeadlock
§ ThecontentsofaDC001002isthesameastheassociatedDC001000butthespecifiedresourcecanbeinterpretedastheresourcethatwasthefinalitemcompletingthedeadlockscenario
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DeadlockAnalysis
§ Itisextremelyrarethattheresolutionofdeadlockscanoccurbychanginganysystem-leveldefinitionswithinaCV
§ HoweverifaCVisexperiencingexcessivedeadlockstheCV’sSYSGENshouldbeexaminedforthefollowingstatements
DEADLOCKDETECTIONINTERVALIS1TICKERINTERVALIS1
§ Specifyingavalueof‘1’foreachoftheseoptionswillensurethatCAIDMSwillsearchforandresolvedeadlockconditionsassoonaspossible
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Inanyenvironmentthatpermitsconcurrentupdatingofthedatabaseitistobeexpectedthatdeadlockswilloccur
§ Astransactionvolumeincreasessodoesthelikelihoodthatpointsofcontentionwilloccur
§ Deadlockconditionsarealmostalwaystheresultofthedatabasedesignandtimingissuesassociatedwiththewaytheapplicationnavigatesthedatabase
§ Resolutionwillusuallyrequiredatabasedesignand/orapplicationchangestoreducethepointofcontention
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ StartyourdeadlockanalysisbyscanningtheDC001000andDC001002messageslookingforrepeatingvalues
§ Ifasingledbkey ispresentinalargepercentageofthedeadlocksyouhaveprobablylocatedamajorpointofcontentionwithintheenvironment
§ TheDC001000/DC001002messagesdonottellyouthetypeofrecordrepresentedbythedbkey
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ UsethePRINTPAGEutilitytoprintthespecifiedpageandtoidentifythetypeofrecordinvolved
§ TheDC001000andDC001001messagescontaintheprogramandrun-unitnamesthatwereprocessingthedatabaseatthepointofthedeadlock
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Thefollowinginnocentlookingcodecanresultinseriousdeadlockconditionswhichwouldbereflectedbyarepeatingdbkey intheassociateddeadlockmessages
OBTAINCALCORDER-CTRL.PERFORMIDMS-STATUS.MOVENEXT-ORD-NUMTOORDER-NUMBER.ADD+1TONEXT-ORD-NUM.MODIFYORDER-CTRL.PERFORMIDMS-STATUS.
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ TheORDER-CTRLrecordiswhatisknownasaOne-Of–A-Kind(OOAK)record
§ EverytimethatanorderisaddedtothedatabaseitisnecessarytoreadthesingleORDER-CTRLrecordtogetthenextordernumbertobeassignedandtomodifytherecord
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Largenumbersoftransactionsconcurrentlyaddingorderscangenerateexcessivedeadlockoccurrences
§ Onepossibleresolutionwouldbetodevelopanalternatemethodtogenerateanordernumber
§ Anotheroptionwouldbetosingle-threadthiscodeusingENQUEUE/DEQUEUEcommands
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Theproblemcodeinourexamplecouldbesingle-threadedasseenbelow
ENQUEUEWAITCTRL-LOCKLENGTH8.OBTAINCALCORDER-CTRL.
PERFORMIDMS-STATUS.MOVENEXT-ORD-NUMTOORDER-NUMBER.ADD+1TONEXT-ORD-NUM.MODIFYORDER-CTRL.PERFORMIDMS-STATUS.DEQUEUECTRL-LOCKLENGTH8.
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Insomescenariostherepeatingresourcemaynotrepresentadbkey butapagenumber
§ Ifthevalueofthe<xx>portionoftheDC001000messageisx’20’thereisacontentionattemptingtomanipulatetheamountoffreespaceonthespecifieddatabasepage
§ UsethePAGEPRINTutilitytolistthespecifiedpage(s)todeterminethetypeofrecordsthatresideonthepage
§ UsethisinformationtoidentifytheassociatedlogicintheprogramsspecifiedontheDC001000andDC001001messages
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Commoncausesofthistypeoflockcontentionarethefollowing– LargevolumesofrecordswrittentoasingleDCQueueusingaPUT
QUEUEcommand– LargenumbersofrecordsdefinedasDIRECTareaddedtoanarea
alwaysusing-1asthesuggesteddbkey– Manyrecordsalwaysaddedtothesamelocationwithinanindex
§ Single-threadingthesefunctionsorfindingalternativedatabasestructuresisrequiredtoresolvethesetypesofcontentions
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Ifthevalueofthe<xx>componentoftheDC001000messageisanx’80’youhavecontentionontheusagemodeofadatabasearea
§ Usethepagegroupandpagenumbertoidentifytheareathatisinvolved
§ InspecttheprogramsspecifiedontheDC001000messagestodeterminehowtheyreadythearea
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ ThecommonprobleminthesecasesisprogramsthatattempttoreadyanareainaPROTECTEDorEXCLUSIVEmodeinanenvironmentwhereconcurrentprocessingisoccurring
§ ModifytheaffectedprogramstousedaSHAREDversionoftheREADYverb
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ InsomescenariostherepeatingvaluewithintheDC001000andDC001001maybeaprogramorrun-unitnames
§ Thisistypicallyanindicationthatthereisprogramlogicwithintheseprogramsthatcausescontentioninthesequenceinwhichvariousrecordsareaccessed
§ IdentifytherecordsandpagenumbersassociatedwiththeDC001000andDC001001messagesandusePRINTPAGEtoidentifythetypesofrecordsinvolved
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ IdentifythemostcommonsequenceofDMLcommandswithineachspecifiedprogramandlookforthosepointswherethevariousprogramlogicintersectsontherecordindicatedonthedeadlockmessages
§ Thesetypesofscenariosarebestaddressedbyapplicationstaffthatisfamiliarwiththelogicoftheprogramsinvolvedinthedeadlock
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ Resolutionofthesetypesofdeadlocksdependsontheoffendinglogicdiscoveredandtherequirementsoftheapplication
§ Thesetypesofdeadlockstendtobesporadicandusuallydonotgeneratelargenumbersofconcurrentdeadlockoccurrences
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DeadlockAnalysis(cont.)
§ JREPORT008(JournalDetailReport)canbeausefulresourcetoassistindeterminingthesequenceofDMLcommandsinthesetypesofdeadlocks
§ LimityourJREPORT008executiontothosetransactionnumberslistedontheassociatedDC001001tominimizethegeneratedoutput
§ ThereportwillshowtheDMLcommandsandtheiraffecteddatabaserecordsinthesequencetheyoccur– Thiswillshowyouhowthedeadlockoccurred
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GeneralRecommendations
§ Eachdeadlockscenariorepresentsauniquesetofconditionsbutthereareanumberofconsiderationsthatshouldbeobservedtominimizetheiroccurrence
§ Avoidrunningbatchupdatesduringonlinewindows– ExclusiverecordlocksarenotreleaseduntilIDMSisexplicitlytoldtodo
sothroughFINISHorCOMMITverbs– Batchupdaterun-unitsshouldincludefrequentCOMMITverbsto
periodicallyreleaselocks
§ Minimizetheamountofworkperformedbyasingleonlinetransaction
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GeneralRecommendations(cont.)
§ Avoidcreatingdatabase‘hotspots’– Locateandeliminatesinglelocationswithinthedatabasethatmultiple
transactionsmustupdateconcurrently§ OOAKrecords§ DIRECTrecordsstoredusingasuggesteddbkeyof-1§ ADCqueue§ Indexstructurewherethesameorverysimilarkeyvalueisalwaysinserted
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GeneralRecommendations(cont.)
§ Avoidretainingresourcesacrosstransactionsorinteractionswithaterminaloperator– Longtermlockscanbeheldacrosstransactionsandcanlockadbkey
forlongperiodsoftime§ Theirusageshouldbeusedonlywhenabsolutelynecessary
– Don’tuseconversationaltasksthatkeepupdaterun-unitsopenwhilewaitingfortheterminaloperator’sresponse
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GeneralRecommendations(cont.)
§ Stresstestchangespriortoproductionimplementation– Anymodificationthatchangesthesequenceorvolumeofupdatesto
databaserecordsshouldbestresstestedatthelargestexpectedvolumeofconcurrenttransactions
– UseathirdpartyproductforyourstresstestsuchaTPNSfromIBM
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GeneralRecommendations(cont.)
§ Stresstestchangespriortoproductionimplementation– Anymodificationthatchangesthesequenceorvolumeofupdatesto
databaserecordsshouldbestresstestedatthelargestexpectedvolumeofconcurrenttransactions
– UseathirdpartyproductforyourstresstestsuchaTPNSfromIBM
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SectionSummary
§ Deadlockanalysisismoreofanartthanasciencewhichrequirestheparticipationofasite’sapplicationstaffandnotjusttheDatabaseAdministrator
§ AlthoughtheDBAmaydotheinitialanalysisofthedeadlockmessagesgeneratedbyCAIDMSitwillusuallyrequiretheapplicationdeveloper’sspecializedknowledgeoftheapplicationcodetointerpret,identify,andcorrectanyunderlyingproblems
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CPUSavingsOptionswithzIIP
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SectionOverview
§ AmajorenhancementintroducedonRelease17wastheabilityofCAIDMS™toexploittheIBMzIIPspecialtyengineonthezSystem.EnhancementsmadeonthecurrentlysupportedreleasesofIDMS,versions18.5and19.0,havesignificantlyincreasedtheamountofCPUcyclesoffloadedtothezIIPspecialtyengines
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SectionTopics
§ Termsanddefinitions§ Benefits§ Operationalconsiderations§ zIIPexploitation§ ImplementingviaCAIDMSstartupparameters§ Architecturechanges§ Eligibilityandrequirements§ EvaluatingbenefitwithoutaphysicalzIIPengine§ RealWorldexampleofbenefitoffloadingcycles
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TermsandDefinitions
§ Enclave– Anenclaveisarepresentation
ofabusinesstransactionorunitofwork
§ TCO– Totalcostofownership
§ WhiteSpace– CPCPUcyclesmadeavailable
bymovingprocessingtoazIIPprocessor
§ zIIP– IBMSystemzIntegrated
InformationProcessor§ CPorGP
– GeneralPurposeProcessor§ TCB
– OperatingSystemTaskControlBlock
§ SRB– OperatingSystemService
ControlBlock
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Benefits
§ Cost/benefittradeoff– SiteswithzIIPcapacity– SitesnearingCPcapacity
§ CosttoaddazIIPversuscosttoaddaCP– Hardware(zIIPisless)
– Softwarelicensingfees(zIIPisnone)
§ BenefitofzIIPversusCP– DependsonhowmuchworkloadcanbeoffloadedtozIIP
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Benefits
§ TestinghasshownbenefitsforallCAIDMSworkloadsandenvironments– CICS,CAADS™,DCCOBOL,CAIDMS™Server,etc– Aswellasvaryingmixturesoftheaboveworkloadsandenvironment– Bestconfiguration,mostCPUcyclesoffloaded,willbewhenanIDMS
systemisusedasabackend§ CICStransactions,ServerorDistributedtransactions,BatchtoCVwork(CVsideonly)
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zIIPExploitation
§ WhyzIIPs?– Lessexpensivethangeneralpurpose
processors– NosoftwarechargesforzIIP capacity– OffloadingcyclestozIIP freescycleson
CPforadditionalwork§ Deferprocessorupgrades§ Increasethroughput
GeneralPurpose Processor
near 100% busy
GeneralPurpose
Processor
zIIP
IncreaseWhiteSpaceonCPs
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CAIDMSzIIPExploitation
§ 100%CAIDMSsystemsupportcodeiszIIP eligible– ExecutesinSRBmode zIIPCP
CA IDMS Workload
TCBmode
SRB mode
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ImplementingviaCAIDMSStartupParameters
§ Controlledbystartupparameter– Startupparameters
§ zIIP=Y– UsethezIIP feature
§ zIIP=N– DonotusethezIIP feature
– DefaultifzIIP parameterisomitted
§ ImpactonExistingDialogsandPrograms:None!– Allexistingdialogs,programs
ofanylanguage,willruninanenvironmentcontainingzIIPprocessorswithoutchangeorimpact§ OtherthananoverallreductioninCPCPUusage
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EligibilityandRequirements
§ Loadingofnucleusmodule,linedrivers,servicedrivers,RHDCUXIT,DBproceduresmustbefromauthorizedlibraries
§ Additionalauthorizedlibraries
§ DetailedmessagesforerrorsIDMSDC016106ZIIP=Nforced.Moduleaaaaaaaa wasloadedfromanunauthorizedlibrary
DDN=dddddddd VOLSER=vvvvvv DSN=dsname
§ Linklist andLPAassumedauthorizedunlesscodedinJCL
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EligibilityandRequirements(con’t)
§ RulesforloadmoduleresidenceforzIIP– LoadmoduleexecutedtostartCAIDMSCVmustresideininan
authorizedlibrary– CAIDMSnucleusmodulesmustbeloadedfromanauthorizedlibrary– IBMLElibrarymustbeauthorizedandintheCDMSLIBconcatenation– z/OSCallableServiceslibrarymustbeinlinklistorauthorizedand
includedinSTEPLIB– DBproceduresmustresideinanauthorizedlibrary
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EligibilityandRequirements(con’t)
§ Individualnucleusmembersinaloadlibrarydonothavetobeauthorized– NoteveryloadlibraryinCAIDMSstartupSTEPLIB/CDMSLIBneedsto
beauthorized
§ Toensureallnucleusmodulesareloadedfromanauthorizedlibrary– AuthorizetheSMP/Etargetloadlibraryor– MaintaintwoseparatebutidenticalSMP/Etargetzonesor– ManuallycopyallmodulesintheSMP/Etargetloadlibrarytoan
authorizedlibrary
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InformationalMessages
§ IfzIIP processorsarepresentandzIIP=NOisspecifiedortakenasthedefault– DisplayedontheJESlogveryearlyinthestartupprocess
+IDMSDC01610502zIIP processorsdetected.YoushouldconsiderusingZIIP=Y
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UnitaskingorMultitasking
§ zIIPfeatureworkswithbothUnitaskingandMultitasking
§ Unitasking– 1EnclavestartedforthesingleTCB(SCA)tobeused
§ Multitasking– 1EnclavestartedforeachTCB(SCA)tobeused
§ Doesn’tdependuponthenumberofzIIPsinstalled§ If6subtasksarestartedformultitaskingandonly1zIIPengineisavailableonthemachine,6enclavesarestarted
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ArchitectureChanges
§ MajorityofchangeslimitedtotheoperatingsystemdependentmoduleRHDCOESA
§ RoutinestoswitchbetweenTCBmodeandSRBmode– SRBmoderequiredtorunonazIIP– LimitationsonwhatcanrunonazIIP(inSRBmode)
§ Can’tdoI/OorSVCfunctionsforexample§ No“usermode”code
– CAADS,COBOL,Userwrittenexits,DBprocedures,etc
§ IDMSCOMP,IDMSDCOM,andPresspackdonotswapandwillruninSRBmode
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ArchitectureChanges(con’t)
§ MostoftheCAIDMSsystemcodeiseligibletoruninSRBmodeanddoes– CodewhichisnoteligibletoruninSRBmodecallsroutinesinthe
operatingsystemdependentmoduleandrequestschangetoTCBmode
– RequestsaswapbacktoSRBmodeonceTCBmodeworkiscomplete
§ When“usermode”codeisbeingexecuted– TheCAIDMSsystemensurestheusermodecodeisruninTCBmode– When“usermode”codereturnstoSystemmodethe
CAIDMSsystemwillswapbacktoSRBmode
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EvaluatingBenefitWithoutaPhysicalzIIPEngine
§ Notrecommended– Thisisachangefromearlierrecommendations– IfyouturnzIIPon(zIIP=YJCLstartupparm)andyoudonothaveazIIP
engine§ IDMSwillstillattempttoswapfromTCBmodetoSRBmodeandback§ TheresultsinadditionalCPUcyclestohandletheswappingwithnobenefit
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EvaluatingBenefitWithoutaPhysicalzIIPEngine(con’t)
§ Besttoestimate– WhenIDMSisaBackendforaCICSFront-End
§ NoonlineUserprogramslikeCobol,ADS,etc– SomesiteshavereportedoffloadsofCPUcyclesinthe70to90+%range
§ OnlineUserprogramslikeCobol,ADS,etc– WillseealoweroffloadofCPUcyclesduetoswapping
– StillbeneficialsinceallIDMSSystemSupportCPUcyclesareeligibleforzIIPoffload
– IssueDCMTDSTATSYS§ LookatTotalSYSTEMCPUtime
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RealWorldexampleofbenefitoffloadingcycles
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RealWorldexampleofbenefitoffloadingcycles(con’t)
R17.0 R18.0 RO63129
TCBas%ofallCPU 25 50 02
SRBas% ofallCPU 75 50 98
%ofallCPUsenttozIIP 25 50 98
%ofsentzIIP runonzIIP 88 100 100
Swaps/task 1 .5 1.4
TCB(charged) cpu/task 0.0006048 0.0003516 0.0000115
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RealWorldexampleofbenefitoffloadingcycles(con’t)
§ AllproductionV17CVsApril2009
§ $125K/yearreducedsoftwarecostsonV17
§ MultitaskingworkswellwithzIIPs
§ AllproductionV18CVsscheduledFebruary2012
§ $100K/yearadditionalreducedsoftwarecostsestimatedrunningV18
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SectionSummary
§ Termsanddefinitions§ Benefits§ Operationalconsiderations§ zIIP exploitation§ ImplementingviaCAIDMSstartupparameters§ Architecturechanges§ Eligibilityandrequirements§ EvaluatingbenefitwithoutaphysicalzIIP engine§ RealWorldexampleofbenefitoffloadingcycles
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Multi-TaskinginCAIDMS
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SectionOverview
§ ThissessionfocusistheCAIDMSMultitaskingfeatureavailableforMVSandMVS-likeoperatingsystems.Topicscoveredincludeuse,monitoring,andtuning.
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SectionTopics
§ WhatisMultitasking?
§ Considerations
§ Monitoring
§ Benefitsandcosts
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WhatisMultitasking
§ DispatchinginaUnitaskingsystem
§ DispatchinginaMultitaskingsystem
§ Subtasks
§ Modes
§ RHDCMODE
§ CAIDMScomponentsinMPMODEANY
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WhatisMultitasking(con’t)
§ DispatchinginaUnitaskingsystemCPU0
TASK3
#WAIT
TASK1
TASK2
#WAIT
CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4
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WhatisMultitasking(con’t)
§ DispatchinginaMultitaskingsystem
TASK6 #WAITTASK7
TASK3
TASK10
TASK8
#WAIT
TASK1 TASK2
#WAIT
TASK4
#WAITTASK9
TASK5
#WAIT
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4
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WhatisMultitasking(con’t)
§ Modes– ANY– DC– DB– USER– LOADER– DRIVER– CALLER
§ RHDCMODE(ModeManager)
§ Multitaskingis:– NotCPUdriven– Drivenbynumberoftasks
queuedforSystemServices(QueueDepth)
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WhatisMultitasking(con’t)
§ CAIDMSsystemcomponentsrunninginMPMODE=ANY– Dispatcher– Task-localfunctions– Storagemanager– Scratchmanager– Databaseengine– Securityengine
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Considerations
§ ApplicationProgrammingconcerns– SharedStorage
§ SystemExits(RHDCUXIT)
§ DatabaseProcedures
§ ConsiderationsfortheDBA– Programdefinitionstatement
§ MPMODEis(ANYorSYSTEM)§ ProtectvsNoProtect§ Programpoolsizes
– Affinity(Subtask)– Invoking
§ FreeformJCLparameter– MT=Y,SUBT=n
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BenefitsandCosts
§ Increasedthroughputandareductioninresponsetime
§ ThecostisaCPUincreasethatwillvaryfromsitetosite– Higherlevelofconcurrence– HandlingofMultiplesubtasks– RHDCMODE
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SectionSummary
§ WhatisMultitasking?
§ Considerations
§ Monitoring
§ Benefitsandcosts
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ParallelSysplexOptions
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SectionOverview
§ ThissectiondiscussestheParallelSysplexfeaturesavailablewithCAIDMS.ThesefeaturesincludeSharedCache,DataSharing,DynamicRununitrouting,andCVcloning
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SectionTopics
§ SharedCache
§ DataSharing
§ DynamicDatabaseSessionRouting
§ CVCloning
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SharedCacheDefinition
§ Large,high-speedbufferinaCouplingFacility
§ ContainsdatabasepagesfromfilesassignedtothecacheandaccessedbytheCVsrunninginaSysplex
§ CornerstoneoftheCouplingFacilityfeatures
§ UsedbyAdvantage™CAIDMS®/DBDataSharingtoallowmultiplecentralversionstosimultaneouslyupdatethesamephysicaldatabase
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SharedCacheImplementation
§ DefinesharedcachetotheCouplingFacility
STRUCTURENAME(IDMSSUPPCACHE002) SIZE(5120)PREFLIST(COUPLET1)
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SharedCacheImplementation(con’t)
§ DMCLDefinition
ALTERDMCLR170DMCLINCLUDESEGMENTDBCRDEFAULTSHAREDCACHEIDMSSUPPCACHE002
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SharedCacheImplementation(con’t)
§ DMCTVARYcommands
DCMTVARYSEGMENTNAMESHAREDCACHENAME/NODCMTVARYFILENAMESHAREDCACHENAME/NODCMTVARYAREANAMESHAREDCACHENAME/NODCMTVarySHAred CAche cache-nameON/OFf
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SharedCacheTuningandMonitoring
§ Tuning– Increasesharedcachesize– Defineadditionalsharedcache
§ Monitoring– DCMT– AdvantageCAIDMSDatabasePerformanceMonitorOption– SREPORTS
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DataSharingDefinition
§ Adatasharinggroup– NamedcollectionofAdvantageCAIDMS/DBsystemswithinasysplex– EachAdvantageCAIDMS/DBsystemassociatedwithadatasharing
groupisreferredtoasamemberofthatgroup
§ Datasharinganddatasharinggroupsarethemechanismsthatallowfilestobeopeninupdatemodebyalldesignatedcentralversions
§ Actualfiledataismaintainedinthesharedcachediscussedearlier
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DataSharingImplementation
§ EachdatasharinggrouprequiresthedefinitionofaliststructureandalockstructureintheCouplingFacility
§ Oneormorecachestructuresmustbedefinedifthedatasharinggroupistoshareupdateaccesstodata
§ DefinitioninDMCL– Defaultdatasharingattribute– Segmentorfiledatasharingattribute
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DataSharingImplementation(con’t)
§ Actuallistandlockstructuredefinitions:– STRUCTURENAME(CAIDMSSUPPGRP1LI)SIZE(4096)
PREFLIST(COUPLET1)– STRUCTURENAME(CAIDMSSUPPGRP1LK)SIZE(5120)
PREFLIST(COUPLET1)– SizesareinKbytes
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DataSharingImplementation(con’t)
§ DMCLdefinition:ALTERDMCLR170DMCLDATASHARINGDEFAULTSHAREDCACHEIDMSSUPPCACHE002
LOCKENTRIES100000MEMBERS5ONCONNECTIVITYLOSSNOABEND
INCLUDESEGMENTDBCR
DATASHARINGYES
DEFAULTSHAREDCACHEIDMSSUPPCACHE002
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DataSharingImplementation(con’t)
§ EachmemberofthedatasharinggrouprequiresSYSIDMSdefinitionwith:– DSGROUP– DCNAME
//SYSIDMSDD*DSGROUP=SUPPGRP1DCNAME=TECHD120
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DataSharing
§ SystemManagedRebuild– ForplannedreconfigurationsoftheCouplingFacility
§ SystemManagedDuplexRebuild– ProvidesCouplingFacilityfailurerecoverycapability
§ Monitoring– DCMTcommands– AdvantageCAIDMSPerformanceMonitor– JREPORTS
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CouplingFacilityStructures
§ AdvantageCAIDMSVisualDBA– Modelingtool– UsesCV’sDMCLdefinition– GeneratesCouplingFacility-readysyntaxfor:
§ Cache,List,andLockstructures
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DataSharingBenefits
§ 24X7processing– FaultTolerance– SystemMaintenance
§ Scalability– AdditionalCVshaveupdateaccesstofiles
§ Workloadbalancing– AdditionalupdateCVscanbestartedandstoppedasneedschange;
workmaybeprocessedbyanyCVdefinedinthedatasharinggroup
§ Easytoimplementanduse
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingDefinition
§ ProvidesWorkloadbalancingbetweenAdvantageCAIDMS/DBsystemsrunningintheSysplex.
§ Workloadbalancingisdynamicandbasedonactualsystemload
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
§ DBGROUPs
§ BackendDefinitions– AddDBGROUPstatement(s)toDatabaseNameTable– Use“CREATEDBGROUP”statementstoassigntheBackend(s)toa
DBGROUP(S)
CREATE DBGROUP R170DBTB.SPGROUP1 ENABLED
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
§ DBGROUPs
§ FrontendDefinitions– YoumustdefinetheDBGROUPasanodewithintheSYSGEN
ADD NODE SPGROUP1 GROUP DEFAULT NODE TECHD120
– YoucanoptionallymapaDBNAMEtoagroupbyusingtheVIA“GROUPNAME”parameteroftheResourceTablestatementwithinSYSGEN
MODIFY RESOURCE TABLEDBNAME IS DBCR VIA SPGROUP1
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
§ CouplingFacilityconsiderations– DefineaCouplingFacilitystructurefor
eachDBGroup definedtoAdvantageCAIDMS/DB
– PrefixDBGroup namewith"CAIDMS”– SizeisinKbytes– Example:
STRUCTURE NAME(CAIDMSSPGROUP1) SIZE(512PREFLIST(COUPLET1)
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
§ Workwillbedynamicallyroutedwhenoneorbothofthefollowingaretrue:– TheDBNODEusedisdefinedasagroupviatheNODEstatementof
SYSGEN– TheDBNAMEusedisdefinedintheResourceTableasaGroup
§ TheDBNAMEand/ortheDBNODEaresetby– Theapplication– ViaaDCUFSETcommand– ViaEXIT23
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
TITLE'EXIT23- PREBINDEXIT‘XIT23 #MOPTENV=SYS,AMODE=31,RMODE=ANYXIT23 CSECTXIT23EP1 #STARTMPMODE=ANY
USINGCSA,R10LR2,4(,R1)40BYTEDATAAREAUSINGPARMAREA,R2CLCPSSCNAME(4),=CL4'DBCR'ISTHISFORDBCRBNERETURNNO!JUSTEXITMVCPDBNODE,=CL8'SPGROUP1'OVERRIDEDBNODE
*** MVCPDBNAME,=CL8'DBCR'orOVERRIDEDBNAMERETURN#RTNRETURNTOCALLER
LTORG
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
COPY#CSADS
PARMAREADSECT
PSSCNAMEDSCL8SSCNAME
PDBNODEDSCL8DATABASENODE
PDBNAMEDSCL8DATABASENAME
PDICNODDSCL8DICTIONARYNODE
PDICNAMDSCL8DICTIONARYNAME
END
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DynamicDatabaseSession- RoutingImplementation
§ Monitoring– DCMTcommands– LOOK– AdvantageCAIDMSPerformanceMonitor’sIntervalComponent(online
andBatch)
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DynamicDatabaseSession– RoutingBenefits
§ 24X7processing– FaultTolerance– SystemMaintenance
§ Scalability– AdditionalCVshaveupdateaccesstofileswhenusedwithdatasharing
§ Dynamicworkloadbalancing– AdditionalCVscanbestartedandstoppedasneedschange;workis
routedtootherCVsdefinedintheDBGroup
§ Easytoimplementanduse
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CVCloningDefinition
§ AllowsyoutostartmultipleCVsthatarecopies(clones)ofanexistingAdvantageCAIDMS/DBsystem
§ Systemdefinitionandfiles– Samephysicalentitiesasthesystembeingclonedwithafewexceptions
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CVCloningNamingConventions
§ CVNumber,DCSystemNumber,VTAMAPPLID,andSystemNodeNameforaCVmustconformtospecificnamingconventions
§ Byadheringtothesenamingconventions,AdvantageCAIDMS/DBcanimplementcloneswithoutgeneratingmultiplephysicalcopiesofasystemdefinition
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CVCloningNamingConventions(con’t)
§ DCsystemnumbermustmatchCVnumber
§ Mustbeinrangeof0through255
§ AllVTAMApplids mustfollowtheconventionofxxxxxnnn– xxxxx canbeanyfivecharacters– nnn isthesysgenned CVnumberandisoverlaidatruntimewiththe
numberdeterminedduringstartupoftheclonedCV
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CVCloningNamingConventions(con’t)
§ AdvantageCAIDMS/DBsystemnodenamesmustfollowtheconventionofyyyyynnn– wherethefirstfivecharacters(i.e.,yyyyy)canbeanycharactersyou
needtomakethenameuniquewithinyourenvironment– nnn isthenumberspecifiedfortheCVatsystemgeneration
SYSGEN17.0ONLINEPAGE1LINE1DICT=SYSTEMADDSYSTEM120SYSTEMIDISTECHD120CVNUMBERIS120ADDLINEVTAMAPPLICATIONIDISA31II120
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CVCloning
§ SpecialFileRequirements– EachclonedCVrequiresitsowncopyofthefollowingfiles:
DDLDCLOG,DDLDCSCR,DDLDCQUE,AllJournals
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CVCloning(con’t)
§ Usethe“CLON=“and“CLONES=“parameterintheJCLparmfortheIDMSsystemstartup.
//R170DC99EXECPGM=IDMSDC99,REGION=0K,TIME=1440,//PARM='S=110,CLON=Y,CLONES=9”
§ Whenusedinadatasharinggroup,aclonemayhaveupdateaccesstoalldatabasefiles
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CloningBenefits
§ 24X7processing– FaultTolerance– SystemMaintenance
§ Scalability– AdditionalCVshaveupdateaccesstofileswhenusedwithdatasharing
§ Dynamicworkloadbalancing– AdditionalCVscanbestartedandstoppedasneedschange;workis
routedtootherCVsdefinedintheDBGroup§ EasywaytoaddadditionalCVs§ NoadditionalsystemdefinitionsfortheDBAtomaintain
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SectionSummary
§ SharedCache
§ DataSharing
§ DynamicDatabaseSessionRouting
§ CVCloning
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MainframeandWorkloadAutomation
FormoreinformationonMainframeandWorkloadAutomation,pleasevisit:http://cainc.to/9GQ2JI
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