ca0337- a4 coaching bookl#313e7

Orientation to Coaching

Course Booklet

C r i c k e t A u s t r a l i a O r i e n t a t i o n T o C o a c h i n g C o u r s e B o o k l e t

3Contents

Introduction – Aims of the course 4

Principles of CoachingRole of the Coach 5-6

Structure of a coaching session 7

Helpful hints 8

Principles of TeachingGrowth & Development 9

Coaching MethodologyThe G.A.M.E Method 10The S.P.I.R Method 11

Understanding the game of CricketBasic Laws 12-13Basic Scoring 14Cricket terms 15Fielding positions 16

Warm Up Games 17-21

Skills of CricketBatting 22-26Bowling 27-29Fielding 30-36Wicket-keeping 37-38

Major Games 39-41

Safety guidelines 42

Accreditation and screening of coaches 42

Quick Quiz 43Copyright © Cricket Australia, 2006

Copyright on this course and its supporting materials is held by Cricket Australia. Anyone seeking permission to re-produce these materials in part or whole should contact Cricket Australia.

Introduction4

C r i c k e t A u s t r a l i a O r i e n t a t i o n T o C o a c h i n g C o u r s e B o o k l e t C r i c k e t A u s t r a l i a O r i e n t a t i o n T o C o a c h i n g C o u r s e B o o k l e t

5

Aims of the Orientation to Coaching CourseCongratulations on your decision to participate in the Cricket Australia Orientation to CoachingCourse. An Orientation to Coaching Course aims to equip adults (particularly parents/guardians)with the necessary skills and information to become actively involved with their children whenthey join an introductory cricket program. It is largely practical, lots of fun and a genuinecontributor to the development of the skills which are required to supervise and instruct childrenwhilst playing and practising cricket.

Thousands of children of around 5-8 years of age register each year in introductory cricketprograms, most notably Cricket Australia’s Milo Have A Go Program. Many other slightly olderchildren are playing in under age cricket competitions throughout Australia for their local club orschool and more often than not are being coached by people like you.

When taking on the coaching role of any team the coach should keep in mind a number of issuesto ensure that all players have a rewarding and enjoyable experience. The coach should be aimingto create an environment where players can have fun, enhance their self-esteem, improve theirskills, gain an understanding of teamwork and develop a balanced attitude towards competition.

Becoming actively involved with our children in the sporting arena, in a constructive, fun-focusedway will enhance your sense of enjoyment and provide more opportunities for them to practisetheir skills.

An Orientation to Coaching Course aims to provide parents with the skills to capably and happilyjoin in as helpers in pre-competition programs as well as begin their coaching experience in a non-competitive environment such as under age cricket.

This manual contains simple technical coaching points for teaching cricket skills and also givespractical suggestions on modified games and skill activities that can be implemented by coachesof any level.

Principles Of Coaching

Role of the CoachA coach’s role will vary considerably depending upon the level at which he or she is coaching.Generally speaking, however, most coaches would have two common aims in relation to theirathletes: to make the sport more enjoyable and to assist in the development of the skills of theirplayers. For the purposes of this manual the role of the coach will be considered for coachesinvolved with either the Milo Have-a-Go program, the Milo Cric-Hit program or those individualsworking with under-age teams.

The beginner coach should have as an overarching philosophy three key objectives.

1. ENCOURAGE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL TO PARTICIPATE2. DEVELOP BASIC SKILLS3. PROMOTE ENJOYMENT FOR ALL PARTICIPANTS

To achieve these aims the coach should ensure the following issues are considered whenconducting practice sessions:

• provide a safe environment • plan the session thoroughly• provide appropriate equipment • supervise other coaches and children closely• know emergency first aid procedures • keep adequate records

and evaluate participants for injury

Cricket Australia Milo HAG CoordinatorThe co-ordinator of a Milo Have-a-Go centre is primarily an organiser, both of the other volunteercoaches and of the participants. The Milo Have-a-Go coach must possess a good level ofunderstanding of coaching cricket including skill teaching and development of game sense.

Cricket Australia Cric Hit Centre ManagerA Cric Hit Centre Manager has overall responsibility for their particular centre in accordance with CAguidelines. The key role of this person is to create an environment that ensures the objectives andvalues of the Cric Hit program are delivered. In addition to this, the coach is required to effectivelymanage volunteers, complete appropriate reports for CA and act in a professional manner at alltimes. As well as coordinating all of the activities, the centre manager should continue to promotethe Cric Hit experience and attempt to recruit participants in their regional catchment areas.

Under-age cricket coachLike coaches at all levels, the under-age coach aims to improve the quality of the cricket experiencefor each child. He or she should also be able to provide accurate technical information (at anappropriate level) to the children to help them improve their performance. Coaches at this levelwould also be required to umpire so the section on the laws in this manual will be beneficial.


7Structure of a Coaching Session6


There are many ways a session can be structured depending on what the coach is trying to achieve,the time available and the ability of the players. In programs such as Cric Hit and Milo Have-a-Gothe coach or parent helper is not normally required to get involved in planning. However whenthinking about the structure of a session for an under-age team there is a standard format that isoften followed.

IntroductionMany sessions begin with the coach giving some type of introduction. This may be to introduceother coaches or to outline what is involved in the given session. This ensures players are aware ofwhat is expected of them in that particular session.

Warm-UpThere are a number of approaches to warming up for a training session. A popular way is to play awarm-up or modified game prior to having a stretch. Whatever the approach, it is important thatplayers get into the habit of a complete warm-up. This will help in the prevention of injuries andshould also help players to focus on the remainder of the training session.

Skills PracticePerhaps the most important part of the session is the development of skills such as fielding, battingand bowling. This may take the form of wicket keeping, batting, fielding and bowling drills as wellas modified games. This is where skills are either learned or practised and so takes on particularimportance for younger age groups. Remember – skills can be learned effectively in an appropriatecompetitive environment, that is, in a game situation.

Modified GamesPractising skills in an appropriate competitive situation will help players become accustomed toperforming these skills under appropriate levels of pressure ensuring that in a match they will beable to play to their ability. Players also generally enjoy playing games more than practising per seand as such using this approach should achieve both outcomes, that is, skill development and fun.

Obviously the exact format that a session takes is up to the coach. However provided he or she isorganised and enthusiastic an enjoyable and rewarding practice is almost guaranteed.

Principles Of Coaching

Coaching PhilosophyCoaches should seek to create an environment where children can improve their knowledge andunderstanding of cricket, develop social skills and their relationships with other children, improvetheir physical fitness and promote attitudes and values that will encourage participation in andenjoyment of sport and cricket in particular.

It is important for every coach to develop their own unique coaching philosophy and to coach in away that is aligned with this philosophy. A coach’s philosophy should to a large degree reflect theirpersonality and most importantly should be flexible enough to cater for the needs of all playerswithin the team.

Always remember – youngsters want to play the game of cricket, so let them play!

Helpful hints8


9

Plan your session� 1. make certain you are organised prior to the session� 2. if necessary, write down your plans for the session on paper� 3. arrive at the training venue early� 4. ask players to help get equipment ready for you

Maximum participation� 1. avoid having players in long queues� 2. have players working in pairs or small groups� 3. do not let activities/games go on too long� 4. have plenty of equipment

Use figurative descriptions, for example:� 1. don’t catch like a crocodile� 2. imagine you are catching an egg� 3. pick up the bat like an axe

Rules� 1. take time to explain them� 2. be sure everyone knows why you have them� 3. if you can’t justify them, they shouldn’t exist!

Feedback� 1. observe skills and provide feedback on the spot� 2. seek feedback from players – Did you have fun?

What did you learn today?

Principles Of Teaching

Growth & DevelopmentAs a coach it is important to be aware of the significant differences in the rate of growth betweenindividuals and in particular between young children and adolescents.

The Cricket Australia Junior Cricket Policy exists to clearly define the most appropriate equipment,game formats and environments in which young children should learn their cricket.

Young ChildrenDuring this period of their life growth in young children is generally relatively slow and stable.The basic movement patterns, such as running, walking and jumping, should be well established by this stage but poor coordination can impact upon the child’s ability to learn complex motor skills.

AdolescentsGrowth amongst adolescents is both rapid and variable. It is common for girls to enter this periodof rapid growth sooner and also cease growing earlier. Often early maturers will possess atemporary height, weight and strength advantage over late maturers, however, these children willeventually enter a perfectly normal growth spurt, resulting in them catching or even surpassing thephysical size of early developers. It is important that coaches spend time developing the skills of allplayers regardless of their stage of growth.

Growth, Training and SportAt this stage of their development the emphasis should be on activities involving lots of movementsuch as running, jumping, hitting, throwing, catching and bowling. Every effort should be made tomatch players based on physical maturity during practice to reduce the risk of injury to lessphysically mature players.

Where a movement is potentially stressful on the body, such as fast bowling, the number ofrepetitions (deliveries) performed by the athlete should be restricted. At all times a coach should bemindful of the fact that children of the same age can vary markedly in their size and sports ability.Nevertheless, correct techniques should be encouraged in the performance of all cricket skills.

Coaching Methodology10


11

The G.A.M.E MethodCoaches at this level should ensure that sessions are as game-based as possible and create anenvironment where children can learn/develop their cricket skills and most importantly enjoy theircricket experience. To achieve this aim the G.A.M.E method of coaching has been introduced.

GAME • Name the game/activity• Demonstrate/explain the game/activity to give the children a clear visual picture of what is to

be performed• Start the activity as quickly as possible

ASSESS• Skill Performance – observe how effectively each child is managing the performance of the

activity including decision making. For example, are they coming up with ways of scoring?

MODIFY• Skill Performance – aim to assist players within the game. Where necessary, take a player aside

for individual coaching using the S.P.I.R method outlined below• Decision making – try not to provide solutions. Rather, encourage children to adopt different

strategies by using prompts or leading questions• The Game – ensure that the game is conducted in such a way that a key skill is focused upon.

If a game is obviously not challenging enough or too difficult, make the necessary adjustmentsto allow the children to perform it effectively

ENCOURAGE• Effort – praise and reward the children for effort in performing activities• Excellence – recognise success

Coaching Methodology

The S.P.I.R Method This is an effective method of skill instruction when teaching children a particular motor skill for thefirst time.

SHOW (Demonstrate) Name the skillShow the entire skill firstWhile making instructional points show againInclude no more than three coaching/instructional pointsAsk if there are any questionsFinally demonstrate one more time asking the children to watch closely for the coaching points

PRACTISEPractise immediatelyThe children copy what they have been shownThe whole skill firstThen revise individual parts of the skill if there are any problems

INSTRUCT (or error correction)Observe each group for 15-30 secondsRepeat the key points of the activityProvide further instruction

REWARDPraise good effortShow pleasure in their effortsValue the efforts of each player

Understanding The Game Of Cricket12


13

Basic LawsThe Laws of Cricket date back as far as 1744 in their earliest form and were most recently updatedin May 2000 (with further revisions in 2003). The new Code of Laws contains 42 separate Lawsand also includes a Preamble defining the Spirit of Cricket. Although desirable, it is not compulsoryfor a coach at this level to have an intimate knowledge of all 42 Laws. However, a summary ofsome of the most common and important Laws is provided for reference.

Law 1 – The PlayersA cricket match is normally played between two teams of 11 players with each team nominating acaptain before the start of the match.

Law 3 – The UmpiresAs a coach you will often be required to umpire in a match. You should have a good understandingof the signals to be used by umpires. These signals are represented below.

Law 18 – A run is generally scored wheneither a boundary is scored or when bothbatter’s have crossed and made good theirground from end to end. As umpire, youshould be aware of the various ways thebatting team can score runs and knowhow to signal them.

Law 22 – The OverAn over consists of 6 legal deliveries. Inmost forms of cricket, if either a wide or aNo Ball is bowled the delivery needs to bere-bowled. After 6 balls are bowled theumpire shall call and signal over.

Law 24 – No BallThere are a number of ways a bowler can bowl a No Ball but the two most common are the frontfoot No Ball and a delivery that reaches the batter above the waist without hitting the pitch.A bowler’s front foot must land with some part of the foot, whether grounded or raised, behindthe popping crease. If it does not, the umpire should call and signal No Ball.

Law 25 – Wide BallThe umpire will call and signal a Wide Ball if the ball is not sufficiently within reach of the batterso that he or she is able to hit the ball with a normal cricket stroke.

NB. For both a No Ball and a Wide Ball the bowler must (generally) re-bowl the ball.

Understanding The Game Of Cricket

Law 26 – Bye and Leg ByeIf the ball passes the batter without either hitting him/her or the bat and the batters have crossedfor run/s the runs shall be credited to the batting side as Byes.If the ball strikes the batter on any part of his/her body (and he is trying to hit it) and the batterscross for a run/s, the runs shall be credited to the batting side as Leg byes.

Methods of DismissalThere are 10 different ways a batter can be dismissed in a cricket match, albeit that some are rarelyexperienced. The most common methods of dismissal are bowled, caught, Leg Before Wicket andRun Out. The others are as follows:Timed OutHandled the BallHit the Ball TwiceHit the WicketObstructing the FieldStumped

Definitions of the four most common ways of getting out are:Run out – a batter shall be out run-out unless his/her bat or some part of his/her person isgrounded behind the popping crease at the end where the bails are dislodged.Bowled – the striker is out bowled if his/her wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler(not a No Ball) even if it first touches his/her bat or person.Caught – the striker is out caught if a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No Ball, toucheshis/her bat and is subsequently held by a fielder as a fair catch before it touches the ground.Leg Before Wicket (LBW) – a batter shall be out LBW if in the opinion of the umpire the ball first hitsthe batter on the pads or person and is going on to hit the stumps. There are exceptions to thissuch as the ball first pitching outside leg stump, or the batter playing a shot when the ball pitchesoutside off stump and being hit on the pads or person whilst still outside off stump. In both thesesituations the batter cannot be given out – even if the ball is going on to hit the stumps.

Law 42 – Fair and Unfair PlayThe umpires are the sole judges of fair and unfair play and so should be aware of the content ofLaw 42.

NOTE:The Laws of Cricket (2000 Code 2nd Edition – 2003) are the official Laws as they apply to thegames of cricket played by adults. The Cricket Australia Junior policy document defines the rules forplaying modified cricket for younger players.

Basic Scoring14


15As well as umpiring the beginner coach or parent helper may at times be required to score duringthe course of a match. While at first glance a cricket scorebook may look a little confusing, onceyou understand the basics it is a relatively simple and enjoyable task allowing you to be closelyinvolved in the match. Obviously the most important aspect of scoring is to ensure that anaccurate record is kept of the total scores of both teams so that at the end of the match we knowwho has won! Secondary to this but still important is the recording of the individualperformances of batters and bowlers throughout the match.

According to the Laws of Cricket a scorer has four main duties:

1. Accept: The scorer must accept the signal that has been given by the umpire even if you may disagree with the decision.

2. Acknowledge: Acknowledge the umpires signals quickly and clearly and if you are unsure abouta signal ask the umpire at an interval.

3. Record: Write all information neatly and clearly.

4. Check: Check with the other scorer regularly as well as the umpires (at intervals).

What you will needCopy of local rules and Laws of cricketScorebookPens, pencils, ruler, rubber, calculatorChair

How to scoreThe scorer needs to record information in three places:

1. Batting – who scored the runs (batter or extras), dismissals2. Total score – how many runs the team has scored3. Bowling – who were the runs scored off and who dismissed the batsman

As a scorer it is necessary to simply record the signals that the umpires give throughout thematch. It is important therefore, that as a scorer you are familiar with the signals that areillustrated on page 12 of this manual.

It is then a matter of knowing how to write these in the scorebook. For more information on howto score please contact Cricket Australia or your State & Territory Cricket Association.

Cricket Terms

Maiden Over – if a bowler is able to bowl an over (six consecutive legal deliveries) without havingany runs scored from it, either off the bat or as wides or no balls, it is referred to as a ‘maiden over’.

How is that? – when a bowler and/or fielding team appeal to the umpire for a decision such as LBWor caught behind, they would normally ask the umpire ‘How is that?’, or more commonly ‘Howzat?’.The umpire would then consider their decision and answer with either Out or Not Out.

Duck – if a batter is dismissed without scoring it is commonly referred to as scoring a ‘duck’.A golden duck is when the batter is dismissed on the first ball he or she faces.

Century – when a batter reaches an individual score of 100 it is said that he or she has scored acentury or a ton.

Pad up – a captain will often instruct one or more of their players to ‘pad up’ or get the pads on inpreparation for batting in the match.

Opening batter/bowler – the two players from each team who either bowl the initial overs in aninnings or face these overs are referred to as the opening bowlers/batter.

All Rounder – a player is considered an all rounder when they are specialists in more than one skill,for example, batting and bowling, and contribute to the team consistently in both disciplines.

Nightwatchman – when a batting team commence their innings late in the day and begin to loseearly wickets a captain may decide to send in a ‘nightwatchman’ as the next batter in order toprotect the top/middle order batter. This person is generally not a recognised batter and is often aspecialist bowler.

Twelfth Player – when nominating his team a captain will generally nominate a twelfth player whois not entitled to bat or bowl but can act as a substitute fielder if required and can also assist withdrinks and other associated duties. This player is normally referred to as the ‘twelfth man’.

Hat-Trick – if a bowler is able to dismiss three batters in three consecutive deliveries in the samematch it is referred to as a hat-trick. These three deliveries do not have to be in the same over orindeed the same innings.

All Out – when a team has had all ten batters dismissed they are said to be All Out and the otherteam then bats.

Overthrows – when a fielder throws the ball at the stumps at either end and the ball is notgathered resulting in additional runs, the extra runs are described as overthrows.

Take Guard – when a batter first arrives at the crease the first thing they would normally do is markeither centre stump or some variation of this on the pitch in order to align themselves with theangle the ball is coming from. This is called taking guard.

The Order – the coach of an under-age team would normally have to decide on the order in whichhis or her team will be batting from 1 to 11. This is often referred to as the batting order.


17Warm Up Games

Ball Handling

Hand to hand throw Bounce & catch Belly catch Drop & catch

Throw, clap & catch Flick & catch in front Kneel, throw, stand & catch

Bowler Goaler

To start: Select 2 teams of 4-6players.• Mark out the playing area with

4 markers, size dependent onnumber of players.

• Designate the Bowler Goalerarea with 3 markers at each end.

GAME• Players in possession of the ball can take a maximum of five steps before attempting to pass to a

team-mate. If the ball hits the ground or is intercepted the opposing team takes possession.• The object is to pass the ball to the Bowler Goaler in the designated area (where no other players can

enter) who then bowls attempting to score by hitting the stumps.• The ball cannot be intercepted once bowled until after it passes the stumps.• If the stumps are hit a goal is scored and the ball is returned to the centre for the scoring team to

restart the game.• If the Bowler Goaler misses the stumps the opposing team begin with the ball from the backline.• NO contact is allowed.NOTE: Players can be designated forwards, defenders etc. with restricted areas to reduce congestion.

Fielding Positions16


BOWLER

MID OFF MID ON

ON SIDEOFF SIDE

MID WICKET

SQUARE LEG

FINE LEGTHIRD MAN

WICKETKEEPER

BATTER

COVER

POINT

GULLY

3RD SLIP

2ND SLIP

1ST SLIP

PER GROUP 18-12 2 10

Basic fielding positions for a right handed batter.

Warm Up Games18


19

Quick singles

• One player is chosen as the tagger andstarts in the middle of the square witha ball to tag other players with.

• The tagger then nominates anotherplayer who attempts to run to the other side of the square without being hit (underarm throw)or tagged with the ball. If that nominated player reaches the other side without being taggedthe rest of the group attempt to make it to the other side all at once.

• Any player tagged must collect a ball and become a tagger.• The final player tagged is the winner.

Snow Ball Tag

To start: Mark out a square approximately 10m x 10mPlace balls together at edge of square

GAME • One player begins with a ball & is the tagger.• The tagger attempts to catch other players by tagging them with the ball or hitting below the

shoulders with an underarm throw.• All caught players collect a ball & become taggers.• Last player caught wins.

Warm Up Games

Rapid Fire

To start: Select two teams of 5 players – one batting, the other fielding.• Position fielding team appropriately to cover scoring area.

GAME • In turn each player hits 4 balls off the tees in succession.• Score 10 points for every ball which crosses the line between markers C & D (below shoulder

height).• One additional point is scored for every run completed between marker A & the stumps.• Fielding team stops the batter running by returning setting up tees in original positions with a

ball on top of each.• No score is awarded for a ball which is caught.

PER GROUP

8 -12 1 4PER PLAYER

PER GROUP 110 4PER PLAYER

PER GROUP 110 4 4 1 4

Warm Up Games20


21

Cricket Longball

To start: Select 2 teams of 5 – 6 players, one batting team, one fielding team.• In turn the batters hit the ball off the tee (must be hit into/through the square) and attempt to

run to the back baseline.• The fielding team field the ball and try to hit (underarm throw below shoulder height) or tag

the batter to stop them running.• The fielders can only take five steps maximum when in possession of the ball.• If the batters make it to the back baseline they must wait until another batter has hit a ball

into play and then attempt to score by again running through the square evading the taggersand reaching the front baseline. Each batter who successfully makes it back to the frontbaseline scores 1 run.

• It is possible to have multiple runners in the square at one time.• The batter can be ‘out’ caught, tagged or hit.• The game continues until all players have had a hit, all have been out, or three out all out.

Warm Up Games

Meteorites

To start: Select two teams of 2 – 4 players, who position themselves at either end of the playing field.

GAMEPlayers throw the ball to land in opposition’s zone. A point is scored if opposition drops the ball orthrows it out of the zone.

PER GROUP 110-12 1 1 4 PER GROUP 14-8 8

Batting – Coaching points22


23Batting Games

No-onewithin 3

metres ofthe batter.

�

GRIP • Hands placed together in the middle of the handle• V’s formed by thumb and index finger

STANCE• Side on to the bowler • Feet shoulder width apart• Head upright, eyes level

Tee Line Cricket

In 6 successful hits into the scoring zones to make the highest score

To start: Place a stump in the ground. Place a tee on the stump and aball on the tee.• Batter 1 ready at the tee – all others fielding

GAME• Each batter has 6 scoring hits off the tee (mis-hits or hits

that do not go beyond the neutral zone do not count)• Fielders cannot enter the neutral zone• The fielder who stops the ball returns it

by ROLLING it to the batter• Highest score wins

ASSESS• Are the batters stepping back

and across appropriately prior tohitting?

• Is the ball being hit along the ground?

MODIFYGame: Increase/decrease the neutral zone appropriate to thebatters skill level.Create more gaps in the field by widening the playing area.Skills: It is encouraged to have the next batters practicing hitting off tees with the helper coach prior to them batting in the game.

ENCOURAGE• Hitting from high to low to ensure the ball is on the ground.• Batters to aim for gaps in the field.

AIM

PER GROUP 15-6 1 1 1 8

Diamond Cricket

To score runs as a team(24 balls per team)

To start: Divide players into 3 teamsof 4 (ideally 12 per game however fewer / greaternumbers can be accommodated see below)• Team 1 bats, team 2 bowls / wicketkeeps & team 3

fields (if only 2 teams one bats the other bowls)• Where numbers allow and a helper coach is present, have

the next 4 to bowl as follows: 2 in the field, 2 practicingbowling to the side (rotate after 12 balls)

• Use a marker as an additional base if teams have more than 4 players• Place 2 tees either side of the pitch and just forward of the batter

GAME• The bowling team bowls from X to the stumps at Y at all times.• Each bowler bowls 6 balls and then the bowling team rotate to bring a new bowler to the crease• If a ‘bowled’ ball is missed (& doesn’t hit the stumps) or can’t be reached, batter hits ball from a

tee of their choice.• Only the hit ball is in play.• Batters can be ‘out’ Bowled at Y, Caught or Run Out at any set of stumps.• Batters rotate to next base if out, no runs are scored on a delivery if a run out occurs• When the batter hits the ball, all 4 batters must run in an anticlockwise direction to the next base• Batters may run more than one base at a time• One run is scored for each successful run to the next base by all 4 batters• After all bowling team members have bowled 6 balls each team changes roles.• The game continues until each team has batted & bowled• Highest score wins

ASSESS• Are the bowlers bowling accurately enough for the batters to hit most balls?• Are the bowlers focussing on watching the spot on the pitch where they wish the ball to land?

MODIFYSkill: Beginner bowlers should stand at the crease and bowl – not use a run up.

ENCOURAGE• Positively reinforce beginner bowlers when they correctly perform any of the coaching points of

bowling.

AIM

PER GROUP 48-12 4 2 5

Batter side on to bowler.

Feet shoulderwidth apart.

Bat should restbehind back foot.


25Batting GamesBatting Games24


Double Chance Pairs Cricket

Batters in pairs to hit either a ball bowled or off a tee to score as many runs as possible

To start: Set up stumps 13 – 16m apart.• Place 2 batting tees with a ball on each either side of pitch just forward of batter.• Organise players into pairs & number each pair.• Maximum 8 per group.

GAME• Each pair bats for 2 overs (12 balls) & bowls for 2 overs (6 balls each partner). Bowling can be

underarm if required.• When partner is bowling, other partner wicketkeeps.• If ‘bowled’ ball is missed (& doesn’t hit the stumps) or can’t be reached, batter hits ball from a tee

of their choice.• Only the hit ball is in play.• Batters can be ‘out’ Bowled, Caught or Run Out only.• IF BATTERS GO OUT THEY SWAP ENDS & CONTINUE TO BAT.• If pairs are not batting or bowling they are fielding.• EVERYONE BATS, BOWLS, FIELDS & WICKETKEEPS.

ASSESS • Are the fielders ground fielding, catching and throwing

with the correct technique?• Are the batters calling and

communicating to each other?

MODIFY Game: Match evenly skilledplayers to bat/bowl to eachother.Place 1-2 fielders in slips tocreate more gaps.

ENCOURAGE• Encourage good

sportsmanship (e.g. clappingwhen good efforts are made,shaking hands, accepting the umpiresdecision etc.)

AIM

PER GROUP 28 3 2 2

Driving Cricket

To hit the ball off the tee (or from a lobbed throw) through a target set up by 2 markers

GAME• The batter drives the ball off a tee between two markers defended by a fielding team• The batter then runs to a side marker and tries to get back before the ball is returned to the

wicket keeper• The player is awarded 10 points each successful hit, -5 points each time he or she is run out or

caught and 0 points if they fail to hit the ball between the markers• Each player faces five (5) deliveries

ASSESS• Are the players hitting the ball and is it going between the markers?• Are the fielders stopping the ball?• Are the return throws by the fielding team accurate?

MODIFYGame: Introduce a lobbed throw instead of a batting teeVary the game by having different shots i.e. off drive, on driveSkills: Working in pairs hitting off tees between a target

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight good

batting, fielding techniques

AIM

PER GROUP 18-12 1 3 1


27Bowling – Coaching pointsBatting Games26


Line up Cricket

Each batter in turn to score as many runs as possible.

To start: Number each player in batting order• Place the ball on the tee• Position the 2 markers at each side of the wicket forward of the batter (near batter = easy, further

away more difficult)

GAME• Each batter in turn aims to hit the ball between the foul markers and then run between the

running markers.• A fielder collects the ball.• All others run and line up behind the fielder• The ball is passed back until the last player in the line has it• The last person then runs to touch the stumps at the bowler’s end with the ball to stop the

batter running• Repeat for each batter in turn• Batter with the most runs wins

AIM

PER GROUP 15-6 1 1 2 2

GRIP Fingers either side of seam, thumb underneath on seam

RUN-UP Run normally towards targetIncrease stride length as you approach the wicket

ACTION Side on: Back foot parallel to bowling creaseHip and shoulder side on to the targetFront arm reaches high and elbow pulled into sideFollow through with bowling arm across body

Front on: Back foot pointing towards the batterHip and shoulder front on to the batterFront arm reaches high and elbow pulled into sideFollow through with bowling arm inside body

Most methods of teaching bowling lend themselves to side on rather than front on actions.However the most important issue with teaching bowling is to ensure that the hips, shouldersand feet are aligned even if this is in a position that is half-way between side on and front on. Thebest approach is to allow your players to attempt to bowl without instruction and develop theiraction from there if it is necessary to do so.

Methods for teaching bowlingThe two main ways to teach bowling are as follows:

1. METHOD – PULL THE STRING• Stand side on to target (stumps)• Stretch the string with front arm

reaching for the sky and bowling armnext to back knee

• Pull the string with front arm and releasethe ball

• Follow through after ball has beenreleased

2. METHOD – ROCK AND BOWL• Make a ‘cross’ with the arms then turn side on with the arm holding the ball at the back• Head level and turned to look at batter• Begin rocking from front foot to back foot like a see-saw• Once you have a good rock release the ball as you rock forward• Front arm pulls down past left hip with bowling arm following across body


29Bowling GamesBowling Games28


Bowler Goaler

To start• Select 2 teams of 4-6 players.• Mark out the playing area with 4 markers, size dependent on number of players.• Designate the Bowler Goaler area with 3 markers at each end.

GAME • Players in possession of the ball can take a maximum of five steps before attempting to pass to a

teammate. If the ball hits the ground or is intercepted the opposing team takes possession.• The object is to pass the ball to the Bowler Goaler in the designated area (where no other players

can enter) who then bowls attempting to score by hitting the stumps.• The ball cannot be intercepted once bowled until after it passes the stumps.• If the stumps are hit a goal is scored and the ball is returned to the centre for the scoring team to

restart the game.• If the Bowler Goaler misses the stumps the opposing team begin with the ball from the backline.• NO contact is allowed.

NOTE: Players can be designated forwards, defenders etc. with restricted areas to reduce congestion.Stumps should be moved closer to bowler to allow success.

PER GROUP 110-14 10 2

Four Bowler Cricket

To start• Select two teams of 6 players.• The 3 sets of stumps are positioned to face the four directions of bowling.• The bowling team has 4 bowlers (placed 1 on each marker) and 2 fielders.

GAME• The batting team bat one at a time.• When the batter hits the ball, they must run around the marker which the bowler delivered the

ball from and return to the batting position (scoring one run).• The ball is returned by the fielder to any of the bowlers who may bowl immediately, whether

the batter has returned or not.• The batters may be ‘out’ Bowled or Caught only.• Teams change over when all batters have been dismissed.• Team scoring the most runs wins.

ASSESS• Are the bowlers bowling accurately?• Are the batters hitting the ball into gaps or hitting soft/hard as appropriate?

MODIFYSkills: Highlight the need for bowlers to take their time to bowl accurately, rather than rush andmiss the stumps.Game: Ensure all bowlers are receiving opportunities by not allowing the same bowler to bowltwice in succession.

ENCOURAGE• Encourage teams to cheer for

team mates. Highlight thespirit of cricket byexplaining that youshould not clapfor opposition’smistakes.

PER GROUP 35-6 1 3 4

Fielding – Coaching points30


31

PER GROUP 28 3 2 2

CATCHING• Feet shoulder width apart, knees bent• Keep head still, eyes on the ball• Use 2 hands to create a large catching area• Fingers point up, down or to the side• Give with the ball

THROWING• Hold ball with fingers across the seam• Start side on and finish front on to the target• Keep elbow above the shoulder and wrist

outside elbow during throw

DEFENSIVE FIELDING• Always attempt to gather the ball with the hands• Body is the second line of defence• Watch the ball into the hands• Bend hips and knees as low as possible

ATTACKING FIELDING• Back foot right angles to the ball• Low body weight• Head in line with the ball, watch the ball into the hands

Fielding Game

Double Chance Pairs Cricket

Batters in pairs to hit either a ball bowled or off a tee to score as many runs as possible

To start: Set up stumps 13 – 16m apart.• Place 2 batting tees with a ball on each either side of pitch just forward of batter.• Organise players into pairs & number each pair.• Maximum 8 per group.

GAME• Each pair bats for 2 overs (12 balls)

& bowls for 2 overs (6 balls eachpartner). Bowling can be underarmif required.

• When one partner is bowling, theother partner wicketkeeps.

• If ‘bowled’ ball is missed (& doesn’thit the stumps) or can’t be reached,batter hits ball from a tee of theirchoice.

• Only the hit ball is in play.• Batters can be ‘out’ Bowled, Caught

or Run Out only.• IF BATTERS GO OUT THEY SWAP

ENDS & CONTINUE TO BAT.• If pairs are not batting or bowling

they are fielding.• EVERYONE BATS, BOWLS, FIELDS & WICKETKEEPS.

ASSESS• Are the fielders ground fielding, catching and throwing with the correct technique?• Are the batters calling and communicating to each other?

MODIFY• Game: Match evenly skilled players to bat/bowl to each other.• Place 1-2 fielders in slips to create more gaps.

ENCOURAGE• Encourage good sportsmanship (e.g. clapping when good efforts are made, shaking hands,

accepting the umpires decision etc.)

AIM

Fielding Game32


33

Guard the Goal

To prevent the ball from crossing your team’s line

GAME• Each team defends a line on the ground• The ball must be rolled underarm along the ground towards the other team• Players are not allowed to stop or throw the ball from in front of their team’s line• One point is awarded each time a ball crosses the oppositions line

ASSESS• Are the players using the correct defensive technique?

- Are the players stopping the ball effectively?- Is the ball being rolled?- Are players moving from off the line?

MODIFYGame: - Introduce more than one ball into the activity

- Widen the area the teams have to defendSkills: - Have 2 players working together to practice technique under no pressure

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight the players who stop the ball effectively

Fielding Game

Sprint to the Ball

To have all the team members carry the ball the required distance, the first team to dothis is declared the winner

GAME• This is a relay type activity (4 per team)• The first player in each team starts with a ball which they carry to the first marker 5m away• They then return to the end of the line at which time the next players sprint out, pick up the ball

and carry it a further 5m• The last player must bring the ball back to their line

ASSESS• Are the players picking up the ball with the correct technique?

MODIFYGame: - Have players running a greater distance

- Have players picking up two balls consecutively each time they run outSkills: - Players having difficulty to work together in pairs under no pressure

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight the players who gather the ball with the correct technique

PER GROUP 66 1 PER GROUP 64 2

AIM AIM

Fielding Game34


35

Chase & Return Relay

To be the first team to have all members complete the task of chasing the ball andthrowing back to their team.

GAME• The group is divided into two or more equal teams (max. 4 per team)• Markers are placed approximately 20m away from each team• A ball is rolled out in the direction of the marker• The first person in each team runs out to the marker, puts their ball down, picks up the other

ball and returns it with an over arm throw to the next player in line

ASSESS• Are the players throwing the ball with the correct technique?

MODIFYGame: - increase the distance the players have to runSkills: - If throwing technique is not good players to work together in pairs under no pressure

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight the players with correct throwing technique

Fielding Game

Coloured ball catching

2 balls between pairs, each of different colours

For players to watch the ball closely and nominate colour before catching

GAME• Group players into pairs, with each having two balls between them of different colours• The 2 players stand approximately 5m apart with player 1 having his back towards player 2.• Player 2 must throw one of the two balls under arm to player 1• On player 2’s signal, player 1 must turn around and catch the ball, however before catching it, he

or she must call out the colour of the ball to their partner

ASSESS• Are the players catching the ball with the correct technique?• Are they calling out the colour of the ball?

MODIFYGame: - introduce another different colour ball

- decrease the distance between playersSkills: - have players do the drill without their backs turned

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight the players with correct catching technique

PER GROUP 48 2 PER GROUP 22

AIM AIM


37Wicket Keeping - Coaching pointsFielding Game36


STANCE Feet shoulder width apartWeight evenly balanced on the balls of the feet

POSITIONING Ensure a clear view of the bowler in deliveryStanding back position to take ball at hip heightTo spinners, left foot should be about 5cm outside the off stump and two ‘foot lengths’back (right hand batter)

GLOVE WORK Cupped gloves rise with the ballKeep gloves slightly out in front of the eyesPoint fingers up, down or to the side, never at the ball

Games

Move and catch

To start Have players working in pairs

GAME• One player stands in the middle of the

two markers facing his/her partner.The partner throws the ball and the wicket-keeper catches it and throws itback, moves sideways to one of markers and touches it, before returning to the middle and receiving the next catch. The wicket-keeperthen moves to other side and continues doing this to each side alternatively. Count how manycatches are taken in three minutes.

ASSESS• Is the wicket-keeper catching with the correct technique?• Is the wicket-keeper moving their feet effectively in order to reach the side marker and return to

the middle as quickly as possible?

MODIFYSkills: Highlight the need for wicket-keepers to move from side to side rather than turning theirbody in the direction they are moving.Game: Increase the distance the wicket-keeper has to move between catches.

ENCOURAGE• Highlight good catching technique and feet movement.

PER GROUP 12 2

Circle catching - Crossfire

For players to catch the ball under pressure and become the winning pair.

GAME• Players form a circle with one ball between each pair. Each person has a partner opposite them

in the circle• Every pair must throw the ball to each other across the circle• If either person drops the ball both players are out of the game• The last remaining pair are declared the winners

ASSESS• Are the players catching the ball?

MODIFYGame: - introduce one ball for every player, throwing simultaneouslySkills: - have 2 players working together to practice technique under no pressure

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight the players who are catching well

PER GROUP 22

AIM

keeper catches ball throws back runs…to touch marker (and return to start)

Ball thrown to keeper

Wicket Keeping - Coaching points38


39

Road Block

To start Have players working in pairs.

GAME• Mark a distance of 5m by using 2 markers. The wicket-keeper stands in the middle of the two

markers and has to attempt to prevent any balls passing through this space. The feeder throwsthe ball low and wide to extend the wicket-keeper.

ASSESS• Are both players catching with correct technique?

MODIFYSkills: Increase the size of the space that has to be defendedGame: Scores can be kept and a competition can be had between each player.

ENCOURAGE• Highlight good catching technique and feet movement.

Major Games

Kanga 6’s

To start Select 2 teams of 6 players.• Number pairs in each team 1 – 3.

GAME • Each pair bats for 2 overs (12 balls)• One team bats while the other bowls.• Each pair bowls for 2 overs (6 balls each

partner).• When partner is bowling, other partner

wicketkeeps.• A wide ball (one that cannot be reached by the batter in

normal stance) results in a free hit from the off side tee and the ball must be hit forward (a hit behind the stumps does not score).

• The batter only gets one swing at the free hit and the fielders cannot move closer until after the free hit has been taken.

• FIELDERS CANNOT FIELD ANY CLOSER THAN 10M FROM THE BATTER • Only the hit ball is in play.• Batters can be ‘out’ Bowled, Caught or Run Out (& only run out from a free hit).• IF BATTERS GO OUT THEY SWAP ENDS & CONTINUE TO BAT.• Runs made are doubled if hit into the double score zone.• Fielding team scores 5 bonus runs for each wicket they take.• After the batting team have all batted reverse roles.• Highest score wins.

NOTE: All players encouraged to bowl spin (for at least part of each over)

ASSESS• Are bowlers able to impart spin on the ball?• Are the batters watching the ball from the bowlers hand to anticipate spin?• Are the batters willing to move out of the crease to play the appropriate balls?• Are the fielders appropriately positioned?

MODIFYGame: Allow batters who advance to spin not to be given out stumped or run out.

ENCOURAGE• Encourage discussion by teams to develop strategies for results (e.g. who bowls to who, field

placements etc).

PER GROUP 2-510-12 2 PER GROUP 212 3 2 2 8

Major Games40


41

Fielding Soccer

The aim is to throw the ball under arm between team members whilst getting intoposition to hit the stumps (score a goal).

GAME• The group is divided into two equal teams• The game is played on a rectangular field with stumps at either end• Players cannot run with the ball or keep possession of it for more than 15 seconds• If either of the above, of if the ball is dropped or goes outside the playing area possession is lost• Goals can only be scored with an under arm throw

ASSESS• Are players following the rules?• Is the ball being moved around a lot and are any goals being scored?

MODIFYGame: Introduce new rules such as if players are touched in possession they lose the ball and theball can rolled along the groundSkills: Have 2 players working together to practice technique under no pressure

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Movement of players and highlight good catching by players

Major Games

Beat the ball

To beat the ball back to the wicket keeper

GAME• Form two equal teams• Set up a ‘baseball type’ diamond with one player on each base and other fielders inside the area• The fielding team should have a wicket keeper at first base• The batter hits the ball off the tee within the diamond, then runs around the diamond in a

clockwise direction• When the fielder gathers the ball it is first thrown to the wicket keeper at the stumps from

where the ball was hit and then from base to base in an anti clockwise direction• If the batter beats the ball back the batting team score a run, if the batter does not, the

batter is out

ASSESS• Is the ball staying within the diamond?• Are the fielding team winning too easily?

MODIFYGame: Have players throw the ball with their non preferred armSkills: Have 2 players working together to practice technique under no pressure

ENCOURAGE• Promote fun and enjoyment• Highlight good

throwing by individuals

PER GROUP 110-12 8 2

AIM AIM

PER GROUP 18-10 1 1 4

KEEPER B THROWS TO C, C TO D AND ON TO ATO TRY TO BEAT THE BATTER “HOME”.

FIELDERS RETRIEVE THE BALL ANDRETURN IT TO “KEEPER” AT A.

BATTERS HIT BALL FROM TEEINTO PLAYING SQUARE

BASE MARKERS ARE PLACED WELL AWAYFROM THE STUMPS FOR SAFETY RESONS.

BATTER RUNS THE BASES.

KEEPER A THROWS TO B.

Safety Guidelines42

Accreditation and Screening of Coaches


43

1. Provide a safe environment by checking the facilities for safety hazards before each session.

2. Properly plan the session.

3. Ensure that participants are hitting away from other groups.

4. Use witches hats wherever possible, as they clearly indicate where children should position themselves.

5. If you do not have enough space to safely conduct an activity, choose another activity.

6. Prior to beginning any activity explain any safety hints and rules, for example no player within 3m of a person holding a bat.

7. Match players of similar size and ability level.

8. Supervise activities closely and make changes to decrease risks.

9. Appropriate safety equipment should be used when playing and training.See CA Junior Policy.

10. Evaluate participants for injury or illness and if not satisfied that continued participation poses no further risk of injury or illness then the child should not participate.

The Orientation to Coaching course aims to provide an easy introduction for beginner coaches tothe game of cricket through the provision of simple coaching points, suggested games andactivities and general information on the role of the coach at this level.

Cricket Australia has in place a formal coach accreditation system for those coaches who want toexpand their coaching knowledge and develop themselves further as coaches.

State & Territory Cricket Associations deliver Level 1 Development and Level 2 Advanced coursesthroughout the year and Cricket Australia conduct a Level 3 High Performance course annually forcoaches at the elite level. It is recommended that all junior coaches become accredited byparticipating in a Level 1 course and thereby gain access to up to date coaching techniques toapply to their coaching environment. For more information on accredited courses please contactyour State and Territory Cricket Association.

Cricket Australia also supports all junior coaches being police and reference checked (currently alegal requirement in NSW and Queensland). Whilst this may be perceived by some well meaningpotential coaches as unattractive, the safety and well being of our junior cricketers is imperative.

Orientation to Coaching – Quick Quiz

1. What are three of the ‘helpful hints’ described in this manual?

2. What does G.A.M.E stand for?

3. What does S.P.I.R stand for?

4. List two key coaching points relevant to batting.

5. List two key coaching points relevant to bowling.

6. What is the most important thing to remember when teaching bowling?

7. List two coaching points relevant to catching.

8. List two coaching points relevant to defensive fielding.

9. List two coaching points relevant to attacking fielding.

10. List two coaching points relevant to wicket keeping.

11. How many legal deliveries are there in an over?

12. What are the four most common ways of getting out in cricket?

13. What are overthrows?

14. What is a duck?

15. What are the three main areas about which a scorer needs to record information?

ACT CRICKET ASSOCIATIONPO Box 3379, MANUKA ACT 2603(ph) 02 6239 6002 (fax) 02 6295 7135

CRICKET NEW SOUTH WALESSydney Cricket Ground, Driver Avenue,PADDINGTON NSW 2021(ph) 02 9339 0999 (fax) 02 9360 6877

NORTHERN TERRITORY CRICKETPO Box 40895, MARRARA NT 0811(ph) 08 8981 1677 (fax) 08 8981 1766

QUEENSLAND CRICKETPO Box 575, ALBION QLD 4010(ph) 07 3292 3100 (fax) 07 3262 9160

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CRICKET ASSOCIATIONAdelaide Oval, NORTH ADELAIDE SA 5006(ph) 08 8300 3838 (fax) 08 8231 8003

TASMANIAN CRICKET ASSOCIATIONBellerive Oval, Derwent St, BELLERIVE TAS 7018(ph) 03 6282 0400 (fax) 03 6244 3924

CRICKET VICTORIA 86 Jolimont St, JOLIMONT VIC 3002(ph) 03 9653 1100 (fax) 03 9653 1196

WESTERN AUSTRALIAN CRICKET ASSOCIATION

PO Box 6045, EAST PERTH WA 6004(ph) 08 9265 7222 (fax) 08 9221 1059

STATE/TERRITORY CRICKET ASSOCIATION CONTACT DETAILS

Cricket Australia

60 Jolimont Street, Jolimont, Victoria, 3002, Australia

Telephone: (03) 9653 9999 Fax: (03) 9653 9911

www.cricket.com.au

Written and edited by Peter Hanlon and Matthew Bulkeley.

With contributions by State & Territory Cricket Associations.

Illustrations by Rob Wood.Design by Fluid Marketing Communications

Reprinted August 2006CA

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