cadangan

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

ALPHA AMYLASE ENZYME PRODUCTION FOR TEXTILE

INDUSTRY

Report Assignment 5

GROUP 25

GROUP PERSONNEL:

Anggoro Wiseso (1206212514)

Dwini Normayulisa Putri (1206238482)

Firnanda Rizki Riasta (1206212464)

Khansa Zahrani (1206239724)

Muhammad Fahmi Zaenal Abidin (1206212520)

Rizka Margi Astuty (1206212470)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

DEPOK 2015

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

As we know the current fashion world is undergoing rapid development.

This also had an impact on fashion in Indonesia. At this time the textile industry

and Textile Products (TPT) Indonesia still play a pretty big role against the

national economy. In 2006, the industry contributes 11.7% amounting to the total

national exports, 20.2% against the national trade surplus, and 3.8% against the

formation of the gross domestic product (GDP). While the absorption of labor in

this industry is also big enough reach 1.84 million workforce. Until 2006, the

number of textile industry Indonesia achieve 2.699 company, with a total

investment of Rp 135,7 trillion. This amount is only experienced a slight increase

over the previous year which amounted to 2,656 company. Location of TPT

concentrated industry in West Java (57 percent), Central Java (14 percent), and

Jakarta (17 percent). The rest are scattered in East Java, Bali, Sumatra and

Yogyakarta.

Textile industry needs alpha amylases for desizing agent for removing

starch from the grey cloth before its further processing in bleaching and dying.

Alpha amylase enzyme is enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of internal α-1, 4-

glycosidic linkages in starch in low moleculer weight products, such as flucose,

maltose, and maltotriose units. The alpha amylase can be found in microorganism,

plants, and also another higher organism. The enzyme acts on starches, glycogen,

and oligosaccharides in a random manner, liberating reducing groups.

Alpha amylases needed by the textile industry are generally produced by a

microorganism is Bacillus sp. the species most often used is the Bacillus

licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,. The

substrate is used to production alpha amylase in this design is molasses, molasses

was chosen because of its availability in Indonesia. Additionally, on this design

we add wheat bran to increase its activities. According to the research that has

been done before the addition of wheat bran on the process production of alpha

amylases with the microorganisms Bacillus sp produced enzyme activity units/g

464.000.

ii Universitas Indonesia

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT..........................................................................................iiiLIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................vLIST OF FIGURE...................................................................................................viCHAPTER 1 CAPITAL ESTIMATE......................................................................11.1 Cost Index.......................................................................................................11.2 Capital Expenditure........................................................................................3

1.2.1 Total Equipment Cost........................................................................31.2.2 Site Developmet Cost.........................................................................51.2.3 Offsite Facilities Cost.........................................................................51.2.4 Supporting Facilities Cost..................................................................61.2.5 Contingency Cost and Contractor Fee...............................................71.2.6 Piping Cost.........................................................................................71.2.7 Controller Cost...................................................................................81.2.8 Electrical Equipment Cost.................................................................81.2.9 Land and Building Cost.....................................................................91.2.10 Additional Cost................................................................................111.2.11 Working Capital...............................................................................121.2.12 Calculation of TCI...........................................................................12

CHAPTER 2 OPERATING COST........................................................................142.1 Equity............................................................................................................142.2 Raw Material Cost........................................................................................142.3 Utility Cost...................................................................................................142.4 Labor Cost....................................................................................................14

2.4.1 Direct................................................................................................142.4.2 Indirect.............................................................................................14

2.5 Maintanance Cost.........................................................................................142.6 Insurance Cost..............................................................................................142.7 Depreciation..................................................................................................14CHAPTER 3 MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE................................................153.1 Investment Feasibility Analysis....................................................................15

3.1.1 Income..............................................................................................153.1.2 Cash Flow........................................................................................15

3.2 Profitability Analysis....................................................................................153.2.1 IRR...................................................................................................153.2.2 NPV..................................................................................................153.2.3 Payback Period.................................................................................153.2.4 ROR/ROI.........................................................................................15

3.3 Cost Breakdown...........................................................................................153.4 Sensitivity Analysis......................................................................................15

3.4.1 IRR Analysis....................................................................................153.4.2 NPV Analysis...................................................................................153.4.3 Payback Period Analysis..................................................................16

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION................................................................................17REFERENCES.......................................................................................................18

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Chemical Engineering’s Plant Cost Index.........................................................................1Table 1.2 Projection of Chemical Engineering’s Plant Cost Index..................................................2Table 1.3 Total bare module cost equipment.....................................................................................3Table 1.4 Site preparation costs.........................................................................................................5Table 1.5 Offsite facilities calculation..............................................................................................5Table 1.6 Supporting facilities costs..................................................................................................6Table 1.7 Straight pipe cost...............................................................................................................7Table 1.8 Fitting and elbow pipe cost................................................................................................7Table 1.9 Valve cost.........................................................................................................................8Table 1.10 Controller cost.................................................................................................................8Table 1.11 Controller cost.................................................................................................................8Table 1.12 Building Area...................................................................................................................9Table 1.13 Asphalt Area..................................................................................................................10Table 1.14 Cost of Land, Building, and Asphalt.............................................................................10Table 1.15 Additional Cost..............................................................................................................11Table 1.16 TCI Calculation.............................................................................................................12

iv

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.1 Starch structure..................................................................................... 3Figure 1.2 Amylopectin model structure............................................................... 4Figure 1.3 Amylopectin molecul............................................................................ 6Figure 1.4 Alpha amylase structure....................................................................... 9Figure 1.5 Alpha amylase growing...................................................................... 19Figure 1.6 Textile Production Capacity in Indonesia........................................... 20Figure 1.7 Alpha amylase production plant location........................................... 32Figure 1.8 Location of Kediri district.................................................................. 32Figure 1.9 Molasses produced by PG Pesantren Baru Kediri in 2004................. 33Figure 2.1 Microbial Enzyme Production............................................................ 35Figure 2.2 Schematic production process of industrial enzymes......................... 36Figure 2.3 Blending tank for liquid phase (mixing and sterilization).................. 47Figure 2.4 A typical submerged culture fermenter.............................................. 48Figure 2.5 Fermentation process scale up............................................................ 49Figure 2.6 Enzyme storage tank........................................................................... 50Figure 2.7 Microfiltration principle..................................................................... 51Figure 2.8 Disk stack centrifugation process....................................................... 53Figure 2.9 Ultrafiltration technology................................................................... 53Figure 3.1 Simulation of alpha amylase plant...................................................... 68

v

6

CHAPTER 1

CAPITAL ESTIMATE

In this chapter of economical evaluation, these following assumptions will

be used:

1. Plant lifetime is 20 year; start from 2020 (including the equipment purchase).

2. The building process will be conducted in 1 year and start to operate in the

beginning of 2021.

3. Plant total production for 1 year is 175 batch for 100% capacity (2461 kg per

batch) or approximately 430.675 ton of alpha amylase.

4. Each IDR 13,500 will be converted as USD 1.

5. Depreciation will be calculated using declining balance method.

1.1 Cost Index

The index used is the Chemical Engineering (CE) Plant Cost Index. The

table below shows the data for cost index from 2000 to 2020:

Table 1.1 Chemical Engineering’s Plant Cost Index

Year CEPCI2000 394.12001 394.32002 395.62003 4022004 444.22005 468.22006 499.62007 525.42008 575.42009 521.92010 550.82011 585.72012 584.62013 567.3

(Source: Chemical Engineering Online, 2014)

Using the data above, we can projected all the equipment to the purchasing

year of 2020. We plot the data above as the figure below:

Universitas Indonesia

7

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

f(x) = 17.216043956044 x − 34050.485054945f(x) = − 0.637500000065325 x² + 2575.50354421827 x − 2600642.0603181R² = 0.91670561342669

Figure 1.1 Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index (CEPCI) Graphic

(Source: Chemical Engineering Online, 2014)

By extrapolating the data and graphic, we can get a cost index value of 726.3 on

2020, this is shown on the table below:

Table 1.2 Projection of Chemical Engineering’s Plant Cost Index

Year CEPCI2014 623.02015 640.22016 657.52017 674.72018 691.92019 709.12020 726.3

(Source: Author’s Personal Data, 2014)

To estimate the equipment cost, we assumed that all equipments are

bought in 2020. So, the projection of Chemical Engineering’s Plant Cost Index

will be purchase in 2020 using 2000 or 2004 price.

1.2 Capital Expenditure

Capital expenditure (CAPEX) or total capital investment (TCI) of a plant

is a one-time expense for the design, construction, and start-up of a new plant or a

revamp of an existing plant.


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1.1.1 Total Equipment Cost

The calculation of equipment or total bare module cost is begun with the

calculation of FOB itself. FOB (Free On Board) is the bases cost of the

equipment. This is based on the parameter of each equipment. The parameters and

the formula we can see in Process and Product Design Principles by Seider

exactly in the Table 16.32 or based on the vendor (catalog) that we find at in the

internet.

To get an estimate of the purchase cost at a later date, we need to multiply

the cost from an earlier date by the ratio called cost index at that date to a base

cost index. From the planning, the equipment purchasing on this plant will be

done on 2020. So, we need to know the cost index on the year 2020 which is after

extrapolating about 726.3.

Using the design specification for all equipment, the purchase cost can be

determined, and later converted into 2020 purchase cost using the cost index.

Total bare module cost than will be depreciated.

Table 1.3 Total bare module cost equipment

No

Equipment Code

Qty.

Price/Unit (USD)

Total Price (USD)

Year Basis

Cost Index in Year Basis

Bare Module Factor

CTbm in 2020

(USD)

AStorage Tank

1 TK-101 1 16,000 16,000 2004 444.2 1.41 37,0002 TK-102 1 2,000 2,000 2004 444.2 1.41 5,0003 TK-103 1 24,000 24,000 2004 444.2 1.41 56,000

B Mixing Tank

1MT-101

1 219,000 219,0002,00

4444.2 1.41 505,000

Table 1.3 Total bare module cost equipment (cont’d)

No

Equipment Code

Qty.

Price/Unit (USD)

Total Price (USD)

Year Basis


Bare Module Factor

CTbm in 2020

(USD)


9

C Reactor

1FT-101

1 13,000 13,0002,00

4444.2 4.30 92,000

2FT-102

1 57,000 57,0002,00

4444.2 4.30 401,000

3FT-103

1 219,000 219,0002,00

4444.2 4.30 1,540,000

D Purification

1MF-101

1 17,200 17,2002,00

0394 3.20 102,000

2DS-101

1 12,000 12,0002,00

0394 3.20 71,000

3UF-101

1 96,000 96,0002,00

0394 2.03 360,000

4UF-102

1 2,500 2,5002,00

0394 3.20 15,000

E Pump 1 P-101 1 6,000 6,000 2000 394.1 3.4 37,0002 P-102 1 12,000 12,000 2000 394.1 3.4 74,0003 P-103 1 12,000 12,000 2000 394.1 3.4 74,0004 P-104 1 12,000 12,000 2000 394.1 3.4 74,0005 P-105 1 5,000 5,000 2000 394.1 3.4 31,0006 P-106 1 5,000 5,000 2000 394.1 3.4 31,0007 P-107 1 20,000 20,000 2000 394.1 3.4 123,0008 P-108 1 6,000 6,000 2000 394.1 3.4 37,0009 P-109 1 5,000 5,000 2000 394.1 3.4 31,000

10 P-110 1 5,000 5,000 2000 394.1 3.4 31,00011 P-111 1 4,000 4,000 2000 394.1 3.4 25,00012 P-112 1 7,000 7,000 2000 394.1 3.4 43,000

13P-113

1 9,000 9,0002,00

0394 3.40 56,000

F Compressor 1 C-101 1 20,000 40,000 2000 394 3.24 239,0002 C-102 1 180,000 360,000 2000 394 3.24 2,151,0003 C-103 1 320,000 640,000 2000 394 3.24 3,823,000

GHE (Autoklaf)

1 HE-101 1 38,000 38,000 2000 394.1 3.3 232,000Total 10,300,000

(Source: Private data, 2015)


10


11

In addition, for operating the plant for 20 years or more, we should prepare

the spare parts in order to back up the first equipment’s work ability. We invest

the spare parts on the beginning, at the same time with the first equipment

purchased. Each of equipment will has 1 spare part. So, the cost for spare parts

itself will be the same as the total cost of equipment. We will be paying for

$20,600,000 for all of equipments and spare parts on 2020.

1.1.2 Site Developmet Cost

The calculation that are involves in site development cost are making land

surveys, land preparation (such as surface clearing, excavation, rock blasting),

fencing, roads and sidewalks, and fire protection facilities. Costs for site

preparation, Csite, can be quite substantial for grass-roots plants in the range of 10-

20% of total bare-module cost of the equipment. For our alpha amylase plant, we

take Csite as 15% of total bare-module cost of the equipment.

Table 1.4 Site preparation costs

No. Component Needs Price (USD)1. Making land surveys 154,2002. Land preparation 616,8003. Fencing 231,3004. Roads and sidewalks 308,4005. Fire protection facilities 231,300

Total Site Preparation (15% of Total Bare-Module of Equipment)

1,542,000


1.1.3 Offsite Facilities Cost

Offsites cost sites consist of some calculation which are including waste

treatment equipments, steam boiler, cooling tower, and the generator. The

summarize of Coffsite calculation is shown in the table below:


12

Table 1.5 Offsite facilities calculation

NoUtility and Water Waste Treatment

FacilitesQty

Price/Unit (USD)

Total Price (USD)

Year Basis


Bare Module Factor

Coffsite in 2020

(USD)

1 W-101 1 51,000 51,000 2000 394.1 1 94,000

2 CT-101 1 12,000 12,000 2000 394.1 0.67 15,0003 GR-101 2 58,519 117,037 2014 623 0.73 99,700

Total 208,700(Source: Private data, 2015)

1.1.1 Supporting Facilities Cost

Supporting facilities equipment needed to accelerate production process

which is including in the entire area of plant building. Costs for supporting

facilities, Csupp, are costs for the equipment in the area of office, laboratory for

feed and product testing, medical facilities, and other service facilities such as

utility lines, control rooms, maintance and workshop, cafetarias, and mosque.

Below is the table of supporting facilities equipment.

Table 1.6 Supporting facilities costs

Equipment QtyCost/unit

(USD)Total Cost

(USD)Office

Faximile Machine 2 90 180Telephone 10 56 556Computer PC 12 259 3,111LCD Projector 1 190 190Printer + Scanner + Photocopy 2 150 300Air Conditioner 2pk 4 678 2,711Stand Dispenser 2 75 150Attendance machine 2 241 481Paper Shredder 1 59 59Refrigerator 1 107 107Office Desk (President) 1 148 148Office Desk 20 74 1,481Office Chair 20 37 741Cabinet 5 74 370Sofa 3 148 444

Table 1.6 Supporting facilities costs (cont’d)

Equipment QtyCost/unit

(USD)Total Cost

(USD)


13

Meeting room set 1 370 370Receptionist desk 1 111 111Whiteboard 2 15 30CCTV 10 148 1,481Truck 4 40,741 162,963Forklift 6 11,500 69,000

Laboratory for Feed and Product TestingLaboratory set (beaker glass, pipet, microscope, quality analysis equipment, etc)

1 2,222 2,222

Medical FacilitiesMedical set (stethoscope, tensimeter, medical bed, first aid box, medicine, etc).

1 741 741

Other Service FacilitiesUtility lines 741 741Control rooms 1,111 1,111Maintanance and workshop 556 556Cafetarias 370 370Mosque 222 222

Total of Supporting Facilities Equipment 250,950(Source: Private data, 2015)

1.1.2 Contingency Cost and Contractor Fee

Contingency is unanticipated costs incurred during the construction of a

plant. To account for the cost of contingency, it is common to set aside 15% of the

direct permanent investment (CDPI). In addition, Guthrie adds a contractor fee of

3% of CDPI. The calculation of contingency and contractor’s fee will be shown in

the table of total capital investment.

1.1.3 Piping Cost

To determine the cost of piping, we should know first what kind of pipe

that we will use and how longer it is. The price for pipe is $3.4 per lb. below is the

result of piping cost.


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Table 1.7 Straight pipe cost

Requirements Length (ft)

Weight (lb/ft)

Total Weight (lb)

Total Price (USD)Material Nominal Pipe Sch ID

Carbon Steel 3/4 40 0.82 131.17 1.13 148.22 500Carbon Steel 1 1/4 40 1.38 85.38 2.28 194.67 660Carbon Steel 2 40 2.067 234.32 3.66 857.61 2,920


Table 1.8 Fitting and elbow pipe cost

RequirementsLength (ft)

Weight (lb/ft)

Total Weight (lb)

Total Price (USD)Material Nominal Pipe

Sch

ID Qty

Elbow 90 3/4 40 0.82 6 36.18 1.13 41 140Elbow 90 1 1/4 40 1.38 4 24.12 2.28 55 190Elbow 90 2 40 2.067 10 60.3 3.66 221 750Tee 2 40 2.067 1 8.61 3.66 32 110


Table 1.9 Valve cost

Type Qty Price/Unit (USD) Total Price (USD)Globe Valve 28 1,100 30,800


So, by adding all the straight pipe cost, fitting and elbow pipe cost, also

the valve cost that we have, then we will spent $36,090 for these piping system in

the plant.

1.1.4 Controller Cost

Controller is one of the very important equipment for the plant. So, we

also need the spare like the equipment. The amount of our controller are based on

the P&ID. The calculation are shown below.


15

Table 1.10 Controller cost

Type Qty Spare Price/Unit (USD) Total Price (USD)

Level Control 7 2 1,000 9,000Flow Control 3 1 900 3,600Pressure Control 3 1 2,000 8,000Temperature Control 4 1 1,300 6,500pH Control 1 1 800 1,600


1.1.5 Electrical Equipment Cost

For electrical installment, we need the equipment first. This consist of

lamp, stabilizer, socket outlet for manufacture, socket outlet for office, switch, and

electric panel. The amount of these equipment are adapted on the area needed.

The calculation of electrical equipment is shown in the table below:

Table 1.11 Controller cost

Component Needs Qty Price per Unit (USD) Total Price (USD)

Lamp (PL-C 36 Watt) 200 3 593Lamp (PL-C 24 Watt) 35 2 65Stabilizer 2 222 444Socket Outlet Manufacture

35 16 544

Socket Outlet Office 20 7 148Switch 240 1 160Electric Panel 30 1 17


1.1.6 Land and Building Cost

Cost of land (Cland) is the cost to buy land as a place of plant building. The

land cost in Kediri (the place that our plant will be built) is predicting arround Rp

1,500,000/m2. Then, we will also calculate the cost of all building. This cost

included the steel and concrete that we use. We take 20% of CTBM for cost of


16

building (Cbuilding). There is also asphalt cost for the road and parking area. The

calculation of land and building are summarize in the table below.

Table 1.12 Building Area

BuildingSize

Building Area (m2)Length Wide

Laboratory 28 12 336Office 43 12 516Raw material storage 18 9 162Control room 18 6 108Product storage 18 9 162Process area 74 24 1,776Process area 92 16 1,472

Waste water treatment 20 15 300Water utility 12 16 192Electrical utility 12 16 192Fuel utility 12 12 144Workshop 18 4,5 81Warehouse 18 4,5 81Cafetaria 18 12 216Clinic 18 9 162Mosque 18 12 216

Total Building Area 5,900(Source: Private data, 2015)

Table 1.13 Asphalt Area

AsphaltSize

Asphalt Area (m2)Length Wide

Truck parking lot 24 14 336Assembly point 1 24 10 240Assembly point 2 15 12 180Car parking lot 35 12 420Motorcycle parking lot 14 12 168Assembly point 3 18 4.5 81Road 1 6 37.25 223.5Road 2 6 29 174Road 3 6 29 174Road 4 24 7 168Road 5 24 1.25 30

Table 1.13 Asphalt Area (cont’d)

AsphaltSize

Asphalt Area (m2)Length Wide

Road 6 100 5 500


17

Road 7 25 6 150Road 8 69 2.5 172.5Road 9 71 2.5 177.5Road 10 18 12 216Road 11 7 37.25 260.75Road 12 5 22 110Road 13 7 46.5 325.5Road 14 13 12 156Road 15 25 1.25 31.25Road 16 2.5 16 40

Total Asphalt Area 4334(Source: Private data, 2015)

Table 1.14 Cost of Land, Building, and Asphalt

Component Qty Price per qty (USD) Total Price (USD)Land area (m²) 10234 111 1.137.111

Building Area (m²) 5900 348 2.056.000Asphalt (m²) 4334 33 144.467

Total 3.337.578(Source: Private data, 2015)

1.1.1 Additional Cost

Additional costs include market research, industry design permission,

brand, water utility, electrical installment, communication line installment, and

internet network installment. Market research cost is used to make a research from

the consumer. The method to do the market research cost is consulting with some

consultant company. This method will be used to determine the production

capacity. Market research analysis is will be doing once before we begin the

production or maybe after some years of production we will do the market

research again.

Electrical installment is one of the utility installments that spend the

money so much. This cost is calculated by determining the electricity component

that we use for the plant. Because the main source of electrical utility in our plant

is from PLN, so we decide the electical installment to be done by PLN and we just

to pay it. This scenario is also conducted in communication line installment (be

done by Telkom) and internet network installment (be done by provider). The

summarize of the additional cost is shown below:


18

Table 1.15 Additional Cost

No. Component Price (USD)1 Market Research 3702 Industry Design Permission 1113 Brand 7415 Water Utility 3706 Electrical installment 6307 Communication Line Installment 338 Internet Nework Installment 52

Total Additional Cost 2,307(Source: Private data, 2015)

1.1.2 Working Capital

Working capital is the 17.6% of CTPI (the things that we already mentioned

above from the equipment to the additional cost. The equation will be sums up on

the next sub-bab that will calculate the overall TCI.

1.1.3 Calculation of TCI

The summarize of all the components of capital investment is all

calculated and shown in the tabe below:

Table 1.16 TCI Calculation

Capital Component Ammount

(USD)Parameter

Total bare-module costs for equipment 10,300,000 Calculated Total bare-module costs for spares 10,300,000 Calculated Total bare-module investment (C-TBM) 20,600,000 Calculated Cost of site preparation (Csite) 1,545,000 15% CTBM Cost of supporting facilities (Csupp) 250,950 CalculatedCost of offsite facilities (Coff) 208,700 Calculated

Table 1.16 TCI Calculation (cont’d)

Capital Component Ammount

(USD)Parameter

Total of direct permanent investment (C-DPI) 22,604,650 CalculatedCost of contingency 3,090,000 15% CDPICost of contractor's fee 618,000 3% CDPITotal depreciable capital (C-TDC) 26,312,650 CalculatedCost of piping and valve 36,090 CalculatedCost of controller 28,700 Calculated


19

Cost of electrical equipment 1,971 CalculatedCost of land (Cland) 1,137,111 CalculatedCost of bulding (Cbuilding) 2,060,000 20% CTBMCost of asphalt (for road) 144,467 CalculatedCost of market research 370 CalculatedCost of industry design permission 111 CalculatedCost of branding 741 CalculatedCost of water installment 370 CalculatedCost of electrical installment 630 CalculatedCost of communication line installment 33 CalculatedCost of internet nework installment 52 CalculatedTotal Permanent Investment (C-TPI) 29,723,296 CalculatedWorking Capital (C-WC) 5,231,300 17,6% CTPI

Total Capital Investment (Ctci) 34,955,000 Calculated(Source: Private data, 2015)


20

CHAPTER 2

OPERATING COST

1.1 Equity

1.2 Raw Material Cost

1.3 Utility Cost

1.4 Labor Cost

1.1.1 Direct

1.1.2 Indirect

1.5 Maintanance Cost

1.6 Insurance Cost

1.7 Depreciation


21

CHAPTER 3

MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE

1.8 Investment Feasibility Analysis

This part will discuss about the mass and enegery balance for every stream

in every unit operation. The calculations are based on the production capacity and

some journals that explain about operating condition and the results, also the

electricity requirement.

1.8.1 Income

1.8.2 Cash Flow

1.9 Profitability Analysis

1.9.1 IRR

1.9.2 NPV

1.9.3 Payback Period

1.9.4 ROR/ROI

1.10 Cost Breakdown

1.11 Sensitivity Analysis

1.11.1 IRR Analysis

1.11.2 NPV Analysis


22

1.11.3 Payback Period Analysis


23

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

1. Alpha amylase enzyme is one of the needed enzyme in Indonesia. But

unfortunately, Indonesia do not have an alpha amylase plany yet.

2. One of the alpha amylase uses is in textile industry. It used in desizing process

when alpha amylase will hydrolyse the starch.

3. Bacillus licheniformis is used as our enzyme source in plant and the medium

of bacterial growth cosists of molasses, wheat bran, urea, and phosphoric acid

as the bacteria needs carbon and nitrogen.

4. Our plant is placed in Kediri, East Java, due to the availability of raw material

needed, unemployee amount, etc. The production capacity is 132 tons per year

(1 ton per batch).

5. The process that we selected are pre-treatment (wheat bran hydrolysis),

mixing and sterilization, fermentation, and purification (by using

microfiltration, centrifuge, and ultrafiltration).

6. Overall mass balance of the process is shown below:

CompoundInput

(kg/batch)Output

(kg/batch)Biomass 0 10533.33333Alpha-amylase 0 776.5357667Glucose 21397.40493 441.6666667Sucrose 16523.80952 1982.857143Water 10963.50247 15535.80247Ash 3680.892703 3337.5Urea 188.6666667 188.6666667Phosporic Acid 180.5555556 180.5555556Nitrogen 38559.52381 38559.52381Oxygen 10250 3925.1943Carbon dioxyde 0 26282.72Total 101744.4 101744.4

7. Our plant efficiency is 53% based on energy balance


24

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