cae result - unit 09

1CAE Result © Oxford University Press

Lead in9.1 mugging /"mVgIN/ (n) crime of attacking sb violently in a

public place, or threatening to do so, in order to steal their money, mobile phones, etc. � mugger (n), mug (v)

9.2 fraud /frO:d/ (n) crime of cheating sb in order to get

money or goods illegally Also refers to a person: Steve claimed to be an airline pilot, but spotting him driving a bus round town, Kate realised he was a fraud.� defraud (v), fraudulent (adj), fraudulently (adv)

9.3 peak /pi:k/ (v) reach the highest point or value

The adjective form off-peak = at the least busy times and is common in, e.g. travel prices: an off-peak ticket/railcard or phone tariffs: off-peak calls. � peak (n, adj)

9.4 misuse /mIs"ju:s/ (n) act of using sth in a dishonest way

(e.g. when it isn’t yours) or for the wrong purpose � misuse (v)

9.5 acquaintance /@"kweInt@ns/ (n) person that you know but who is not

a close friend � acquaintanceship (n), acquainted (adj)

Reading

Writing crime fiction

9.6 genre /"ZQnr@/ (n) particular type or style of

literature, art, film or music that you can recognise because of its special features (e.g. crime fiction, historical drama, etc.)

9.7 mislead /mIs"li:d/ (v) give sb the wrong idea or

impression and make them believe sth that is not true, often deliberately � misleading (adj), misleadingly (adv)

9.8 audacity /O:"d&s@ti/ (n) shocking behaviour that shows

that you are willing to take risks or be brave to get sth you want◆ First you borrow my car without asking and then you have the audacity to ask me to pay for the petrol! � audacious (adj), audaciously (adv)

9.9 folly /"fQli/ (n) stupid action or way of behaving

Formal

9.10 arrogance /"&r@g@ns/ (n) behaviour of a person when they

feel that they are more important than other people and so are rude to them or do not consider them� arrogant (adj), arrogantly (adv)

9.11 sloppy /"slQpi/ (adj) showing a lack of care, thought or

effort ◆ With your sloppy attitude to work, I can’t say I’m surprised you got fired. � sloppiness (n), sloppily (adv)

9.12 prose /pr@Uz/ (n) writing that is not poetry

9.13 scatter /"sk&t@(r)/ (v) drop or throw things in different

directions, usu. so that they cover an area of ground � scattering (n), scattered (adj)

9.14 splendid /"splendId/ (adj) very impressive � splendour (n),

splendidly (adv)

9.15 shady /"SeIdi/ (adj) not clearly defined or described,

shadowy When describing people usu. means dishonest or acting against the law. � shade (n, v)

9.16 subtlety /"sVtlti/ (n) not being obvious or noticeable,

and therefore hard to describe � subtle (adj), subtly (adv)

9.17 libel /"laIbl/ (v) publish a written statement about

sb that is not true � libel (n), libellous (adj), libellously (adv)

9.18 transparently

/tr&ns"p&r@ntli/ (adv) in a way that allows you to see

through to the real thing easily� transparency (n), transparent (adj)

9.19 fetter /"fet@(r)/ (n) sth that stops sb from doing what

they want The verb is usually found in the passive; the adjective is more common in the negative.� fetter (v), fettered/unfettered (adj)

9.20 plotter /"plQt@(r)/ (n) person who writes the plot, i.e.

the series of events, for a story More commonly a person who

makes a secret plan to harm sb. ◆ Bonfire Night, November 5th, commemorates the execution of Guy Fawkes and his fellow plotters. � plot (n, v)

9.21 humdrum /"hVmdrVm/ (adj) boring and always the same, usu.

when referring to sb’s life or job

9.22 haunted /"hO:ntId/ (adj) believed to be visited by ghosts

◆ We stayed in an old hotel which was supposed to be haunted by a headless man. � haunt (v)

It’s a crimeWords and phrases

9

2 CAE Result © Oxford University Press

9.23 mansion /"m&nSn/ (n) large impressive house usu. with

big gardens

9.24 moor /mO:(r)/ (n) high open area of land that is not

generally used for farming, esp. an area covered with rough grass and heather � moorland (n)

9.25 more to the point

/%mO: t@ D@ "poInt/ (idm) used to say that sth is more

important than sth else

9.26 cope /k@Up/ (v) deal successfully with sth difficult

9.27 invariably /In"ve@ri@bli/ (adv) always � invariable (adj)

9.28 expiation /%ekspi"eISn/ (n) act of accepting punishment for sth

that you have done wrong in order to show that you are sorry, usu. in a religious context � expiate (v)

9.29 wrongdoer /"rQNdu:@(r)/ (n) person who does sth dishonest

or illegal Formal, usually in a religious context. � wrongdoing (n)

9.30 dispatch (sb) /dI"sp&Í/ (v) kill More generally means send,

e.g. parcels from a warehouse, troops to a war. � dispatch (n)

9.31 contrive /k@n"traIv/ (v) think of, e.g. a plan, or make sth

happen, in a clever way

9.32 habitual /h@"bIÍu@l/ (adj) used to describe a person whose

behaviour has become a habit and is therefore difficult to stop◆ I can’t believe a word Emma says; she’s a habitual liar.� habit (n), habitually (adv)

9.33 brandish /"br&ndIS/ (v) hold or wave, often a weapon, in

an aggressive or excited way

9.34 yarn /jA:n/ (n) long story, esp. one that is

exaggerated Yarn is also an old word for thread; spinning a yarn = telling a long story.

9.35 springboard /"sprINbO:d/ (n) sth that helps you start an activity,

esp. by giving you ideas

9.36 friction /"frIkSn/ (n) disagreement or lack of friendship

among people who have different opinions about sth ◆ Constant friction between the couple eventually led to divorce.

9.37 stubborn /"stVb@n/ (adj) determined not to change your

opinion or attitude � stubbornness (n), stubbornly (adv)

9.38 vengeful /"venÙfl/ (adj) showing a desire to punish sb who

has done wrong to you � revenge (n), vengeance (n), avenge (v), vengefully (adv)

9.39 bountiful /"baUntIfl/ (adj) used to describe large amounts

of sth good or supplies of sth ◆ California is blessed with a bountiful supply of fresh fruits, vegetables and seafoods in all seasons. � bounty (n)

9.40 insistent /In"sIst@nt/ (adj) continuing for a long period of

time in a way that cannot be ignored ◆ Penny was kept awake night after night by the insistent sound of traffic outside her hotel.� insistence (n), insist (v), insistently (adv)

9.41 boil down (to)

/%bOIl "daUn/ (idm) have sth as a main or basic part

◆ In his opinion, being happy boiled down to one thing: money.

9.42 robust /r@U"bVst/ (adj) strong, not likely to fail or become

weak This can be used of both people and things. � robustness (n), robustly (adv)

9.43 (be) burdened (with)

/(bi) "b3:dnd/ (v) suffer with a lot of, e.g. guilt, grief,

worries, difficulties, hard work� burden (n)

9.44 failing /"feIlIN/ (n) weakness or fault in sb/sth

◆ Jealousy is a very common human failing.

9.45 scrutiny /"skru:t@ni/ (n) careful and thorough look at

or examination of sth ◆ One drawback to being famous is that your private life usually comes under scrutiny. � scrutinise (v)

9.46 wary /"we@ri/ (adj) careful when dealing with sb/sth

because you think that there may be a danger or problem ◆ I keep telling my young daughter to be wary of strangers who offer her sweets. � wariness (n), warily (adv)

9.47 up to scratch

/%Vp t@ "skr&Í/ (idm) as good as sth/sb should be

9.48 cringe /krInÙ/ (v) move back and/or away from sb

because you are afraid Also means to feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable about sth.◆ I came across an old diary I’d kept as a teenager and cringed at some of the ridiculous things I’d written!

9.49 thump /TVmp/ (v) hit sb/sth hard, usu. with your

closed hand or fist � thump (n), thumping (n, adj)

Vocabulary9.50 manslaughter

/"m&nslO:t@(r)/ (n) crime of killing sb illegally but

not deliberately ◆ The accused was cleared of murder, but found guilty of the lesser charge of manslaughter. The verb form is commit manslaughter.

9.51 smuggling /"smVglIN/ (n) crime of taking, sending or

bringing goods secretly and illegally into or out of a country� smuggler (n), smuggle (v)

9.52 blackmail /"bl&kmeIl/ (n) crime of demanding money from sb

by threatening them in some way� blackmailer (n), blackmail (v)

9.53 arson /"A:sn/ (n) crime of deliberately setting fire to

sth, esp. a building The verb form is commit arson. � arsonist (n)


9.54 forgery /"fO:Ù@ri/ (n) crime of copying money, documents,

etc. in order to cheat people Also refers to the forged item itself. ◆ The signature turned out to be a forgery. � forger (n), forge (v)

9.55 caution /"kO:Sn/ (v) warn sb officially that anything

they say may be used as evidence against them in court � caution (n), cautionary (adj)

9.56 charge (sb with sth) /ÍA:Ù/ (v) accuse sb formally of a crime so

that there can be a trial in court� charge (n)

9.57 offence /@"fens/ (n) illegal act ◆ It is an offence to drive

above the national speed limit on a motorway. The adj and adv are connected with the act of attacking sb/sth. � offend (v), offensive (adj), offensively (adv)

9.58 custody /"kVst@di/ (n) state of being in prison or in a police

cell, esp. while waiting for a trial Also the legal right to take care

of sb/sth: After a long and difficult court case, Gina won custody of the children. � custodial (adj)

9.59 sentence /"sent@ns/ (v) say officially in a court of law

that sb is to receive a particular punishment ◆ She was sentenced to three years in prison for a crime she had not committed! � sentence (n)

9.60 parole /p@"r@Ul/ (n) permission for a prisoner to leave

prison before the end of their sentence on condition that they behave well � parole (v), on parole (phr)

Grammar9.61 axe /&ks/ (v) get rid of sth, esp. a service, a

system, a benefit, etc. More commonly found in the passive.

9.62 turbine /"t3:baIn/ (n) machine or engine that receives its

power from a wheel that is turned by the pressure of air, water or gas

9.63 eligible /"elIÙ@bl/ (adj) having the right to do sth or being

able to do sth because you have the right qualifications ◆ To be eligible for this scheme, students must be residents of the European Union. � eligibility (n)

9.64 disused /dIs"ju:zd/ (adj) no longer used, esp. a place such

as a mine or a building Do not confuse with misuse (see 9.04).

9.65 well /wel/ (n) deep hole in the ground from

which people obtain water

9.66 quarry /"kwQri/ (v) take stone, etc. out of a quarry,

an area dug out of a mountain or piece of land � quarry (n), quarrying (n)

9.67 damp /d&mp/ (adj) slightly wet, often in a way that is

unpleasant � dampness (n)

9.68 bog /bQg/ (n) area of soft wet ground formed by

decaying plants � boggy (adj)

9.69 crackdown /"kr&kdaUn/ (n) severe action taken to restrict the

activities of criminals, etc. and punish them � crack down (phr v)

9.70 CCTV /%si: %si: %ti: "vi:/ (n) abbreviation for Closed-Circuit

Television. CCTV cameras make a video recording of an area such as a car park, a part of shop, etc. which can then be used, e.g. to identify criminals.

9.71 splitting /"splItIN/ (adj) very bad, almost always used to

describe headaches

Listening9.72 daring /"de@rIN/ (adj) brave, involving danger or taking

risks ◆ He is not usually very brave, but standing up to his teacher was quite daring, I must admit. � dare (n, v)

9.73 raid /reId/ (n) attack on a building, etc. in order

to commit a crime Also means a surprise attack by, e.g. soldiers, or a surprise visit by the police looking for criminals. � raider (n), raid (v)

9.74 make off (with)

/%meIk "Qf/ (phr v) steal sth and hurry away with it

The bank raiders made off in a stolen car.

9.75 transaction /tr&n"z&kSn/ (n) piece of business such as buying,

selling, withdrawing cash from a machine, transferring money between bank accounts, etc.◆ Whereas I used to go to my bank to do any financial transactions, now I do most things, like paying bills, through Internet banking.

9.76 millennium /mI"leni@m/ (n) period of 1,000 years, esp. as

calculated before or after the birth of Christ Plural = millennia or millenniums. In the media, the millennium often means the year 2000, particularly with reference to events that took place to celebrate the new millennium.

9.77 dome /d@Um/ (n) round roof with a circular base, or

a building with this shape The Millennium Dome was built

in London to house an exhibition as part of the celebrations in the year 2000 and was later converted into an indoor arena for, e.g. sporting events.

9.78 conspire /k@n"spaI@(r)/ (v) secretly plan with other people to

do sth illegal or harmful� conspiracy (n), conspirator (n), conspiratorial (adj), conspiratorially (adv)

9.79 bulldozer /"bUld@Uz@(r)/ (n) powerful vehicle with a broad steel

blade in front, used for moving earth or knocking down buildings � bulldoze (v), bulldoze sb (into doing sth) (v)


9.80 snatch /sn&Í/ (v) take sth quickly and often rudely

or roughly ◆ The guard was quick enough to snatch the robber’s gun and save us.

9.81 ringleader /"rINli:d@(r)/ (n) person who leads others in crime

or causing trouble ◆ There was a fight in the playground yesterday lunchtime; the ringleaders had to stay behind after school as a punishment.

9.82 surveillance /s@"veIl@ns/ (n) act of carefully watching a person

suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed

9.83 corner /"kO:n@(r)/ (v) get a person or an animal into a

place or situation from which they cannot escape ◆ The frightened animal had run towards a high fence and was now cornered by the dogs.

9.84 clone /kl@Un/ (v) produce an animal or plant

artificially by taking cells from another animal or plant � clone (n)

Speaking9.85 hard hat /%hA:d "h&t/ (n) protective hat worn by building

workers, etc.

9.86 goods /gUdz/ (n pl) things that are produced to be sold

9.87 sack /s&k/ (v) dismiss sb from a job

Use of English9.88 privacy /"prIv@si/ (n) the state of being alone and not

watched or disturbed by other people ◆ Film stars make a lot of money but they have no privacy whatsoever.

9.89 check up on sb

/%Íek "Vp %Qn/ (phr v) make sure that sb is doing what

they should be doing ◆ Can you please check up on the children – they must be up to something.

9.90 entitle (sb to sth) /In"taItl/ (v) give sb the right to have or do sth

◆ If you are over 60 you are probably entitled to a free bus pass. � entitlement (n)

Vocabulary9.91 bring out /%brIN "aUt/ (phr v) release to the public, e.g. a film,

book, CD, product

9.92 can’t get over

/%kA:nt get "@Uv@(r)/ (idm) used to say that you are shocked,

surprised, amused, by sth

9.93 pull over /%pUl "@Uv@(r)/ (phr v) (of a vehicle or its driver) move

to the side of the road in order to stop or let sth pass

9.94 go over /%g@U "@Uv@(r)/ (phr v) examine or check sth carefully

9.95 put out /%pUt "aUt/ (phr v) stop sth shining or burning, turn

off, e.g. a light

9.96 give out /%gIv "aUt/ (phr v) stop working (of a piece of

equipment) Give sth out = give sth to a lot of people.

9.97 set out /%set "aUt/ (phr v) leave a place and start a journey

set sth out = arrange or display things.

9.98 get out /%get "aUt/ (phr v) manage to escape from somewhere

get sth out = take sth out from somewhere.

9.99 check out /%Íek "aUt/ (phr v) pay the bill and leave a hotel

check sth out = find out information about sth.

9.100 premiere /"premi@(r)/ (n) first public showing of a film or

performance of a play � premiere (v)

9.101 hold out /%h@Uld "aUt/ (phr v) manage to wait hold sth out =

extend (e.g. your hand).

Writing9.102 buffet /"bVfeI/ (n) meal at which people serve

themselves from a table and then stand or sit somewhere else to eat � buffet car (n)

9.103 forensic /f@"renzIk/ (adj) connected with the scientific tests

used by the police when trying to solve a crime

9.104 engaging /In"geIÙIN/ (adj) interesting or pleasant in a way

that attracts your attention� engage (v), engagingly (adv)

9.105 dull /dVl/ (adj) boring � dullness (n), dully (adv)

Review9.106 in their/our/its/your midst

/%In ... "mIdst/ (idm) among or with them/us/it/you

◆ And today, we are delighted to have the great-great-grandson of the school’s founder in our midst for this very special event.

9.107 hard shoulder

/%hA:d "S@Uld@(r)/ (n) strip of ground with a hard surface

beside a major road such as a motorway, where vehicles can stop in an emergency

9.108 edition /I"dISn/ (n) particular newspaper, magazine,

radio or television programme, esp. one in a regular series � editor (n), edit (v)

9.109 deduct /dI"dVkt/ (v) take away a number, money,

points, etc. from a total amount In maths, subtract is generally

used. � deduction (n)


9.110 hesitation /%hezI"teISn/ (n) the act of being slow to speak or

do sth because you feel uncertain or nervous ◆ After some hesitation, I decided to join the trip to the Antarctic. � hesitate (v), hesitant (adj), hesitantly (adv)

WorkbookReading9.111 era /"I@r@/ (n) period of time, usually in history,

that is different from other periods because of particular characteristics or events ◆ During the post-war era in Britain many foods were still in short supply.

9.112 deliberately /dI"lIb@r@tli/ (adv) done in a way that was planned,

not by chance ◆ The boys were deliberately delaying their departure to wait for the cakes to be served. � deliberate (adj)

9.113 have a say /%h&v @ "seI/ (idm) have the opportunity to express

yourself fully about sth ◆ You cannot possibly have a say on a subject you know nothing about.

Families and other

criminals

9.114 copygirl /"kQpi%g3:l/ (n) young woman whose job is to

write the words for advertising material

9.115 touching /"tVÍIN/ (adj) causing feelings of pity or sympathy,

making you feel emotional ◆ Her efforts to help her family were rather touching. � touch (v)

9.116 unsettling /%Vn"setlIN/ (adj) making you feel upset, nervous or

worried ◆ Seeing her ex-husband again was an unsettling experience. � unsettle (v), unsettled (adj)

9.117 engage (sb) /In"geIÙ/ (v) employ sb to do a particular job

� engagement (n)

9.118 bizarre /bI"zA:(r)/ (adj) very strange or unusual � bizarrely

(adv)

9.119 shabby /"S&bi/ (adj) (of buildings, clothes, objects, etc.)

in poor condition because they have been used a lot � shabbiness (n), shabbily (adv)

9.120 dismal /"dIzm@l/ (adj) causing or showing sadness

◆ Christmas will be dismal with the children away and no other relatives around. � dismally (adv)

9.121 autistic /O:"tIstIk/ (adj) related to a mental condition

in which a person is unable to communicate or form relationships with others � autism (n)

9.122 distinguished

/dI"stINgwISt/ (adj) very successful and admired by

other people ◆ Our distinguished guest tonight is one of the greatest scientists of our times.

9.123 hinder /"hInd@(r)/ (v) make it difficult for sb to do sth

or sth to happen ◆ Unfavourable weather conditions have hindered the construction of the new City Hall, whose completion is now six months late. � hindrance (n)

9.124 quartet /kwO:"tet/ (n) set of four people or things

9.125 eccentric /Ik"sentrIk/ (adj) unusual, peculiar � eccentricity (n),

eccentrically (adv)

9.126 turbulent /"t3:bj@l@nt/ (adj) in which there is a lot of sudden

change, confusion, disagreement and sometimes violence ◆ The teenage years can be a turbulent time for many youngsters.� turbulence (n)

9.127 mocking /"mQkIN/ (adj) showing that you think sb/sth is

ridiculous ◆ The writer’s dismissive attitude to the film was underlined by the mocking tone of the review. � mock (v), mockingly (adv)

9.128 commentary /"kQm@ntri/ (n) criticism or discussion of sth DVDs

often include extras such as a commentary by the director of the film. Also: a spoken description of an event that is given while it is happening, esp. on the radio or TV � commentate (v), commentator (n)

9.129 run-up /"rVn %Vp/ (n) period of time leading up to an

important event ◆ In the run-up to the election the parties were trying everything to gain extra votes.

9.130 keep your hand in

/%ki:p jO: "h&nd %In/ (sth) (idm) occasionally do sth that you used

to do a lot so that you do not lose your skill at it ◆ John’s dad still plays the occasional game of cricket just to keep his hand in.

9.131 dodge /dQÙ/ (v) avoid doing sth, especially in a

dishonest way ◆ The businessman had been dodging his taxes for years when he was finally caught.

9.132 cast (a vote)

/%kA:st @ "v@Ut/ (v) vote for sb/sth

9.133 law-abiding

/"lO:r @%baIdIN/ (adj) obeying and respecting the law

9.134 chief superintendent

/%Íi:f su:p@rIn"tend@nt/ (n) officer of high rank in the police

force

9.135 credible /"kred@bl/ (adj) that can be believed or trusted

◆ If you don’t have a credible explanation for your late payment, you will receive a fine. � credibility (n), incredible (adj), (in)credibly (adv)

9.136 impeccable /Im"pek@bl/ (adj) without mistakes or faults, perfect

◆ It’s only natural that Charlie gets straight A’s in composition – his written English is impeccable.� impeccably (adv)

9.137 nun /nVn/ (n) member of a religious community

of women who promise to serve God all their lives


9.154 greed /gri:d/ (n)

a strong desire for more wealth, possessions, power, etc. than a person needs ◆ Nothing would satisfy the dictator’s greed for power. � greedy (adj), greedily (adv)

9.155 outwit /%aUt"wIt/ (v) defeat sb/sth or gain an advantage

over them by doing sth clever◆ The chess match ended quickly as Tim was unable to outwit his opponent.

9.156 interlocking /%Int@"lQkIN/ (adj) with pieces that fit together

9.157 heist /haIst/ (n) act of stealing sth valuable, usu.

from a shop or bank

9.158 slick /slIk/ (adj) done or made in a way that is

clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere◆ The product’s slick advertising campaign was very successful and made sales rise quickly.

9.159 tease /ti:z/ (v) laugh at sb and make jokes about

them either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them◆ Everyone in class teased me because my name in English meant ‘silly’.

Review Units 7–99.160 sophisticated

/s@"fIstIkeItId/ (adj) (of a machine) clever and

complicated in the way that it works � sophistication (n)

9.161 head-over-heels in love

/%hed %@Uv@ %hi:lz In "lVv/ (idm) loving sb very much ◆ Joe and

Monica are head-over-heels in love. I think they’re going to get married soon.

9.162 bargain /"bA:gIn/ (n) sth bought for less than the usual

price

9.146 current affairs

/%kVr@nt @"fe@z/ (n pl) events of political or social

importance that are happening now

9.147 distressing /dI"stresIN/ (adj) making you feel extremely upset,

especially because of sb’s suffering ◆ That documentary about people in central Africa was so distressing, I couldn’t stop thinking about it.� distress (n, v), distressed (adj)

9.148 disruptive /dIs"rVptIv/ (adj) causing problems, noise, etc. so

that sth cannot continue normally ◆ Young children are not allowed in the cinema as they can be very disruptive. � disruption (n)

9.149 breach /bri:Í/ (v) not keep to an agreement or not

keep a promise ◆ If you breach a promise then people find it harder to trust you.

9.150 trauma /"trO:m@/ (n) unpleasant experience that makes

you feel upset and/or anxious◆ My friend suffered the trauma of seeing her cat run over.� traumatise (v), traumatic (adj)

9.151 unnerving

/%Vn"n3:vIN/ (adj) that makes sb feel nervous or

frightened or lose confidence ◆ Being lost in a big city after midnight can be an unnerving experience.

Use of English9.152 acclaimed /@"kleImd/ (adj) praised publicly ◆ The highly

acclaimed performance of The Magic Flute continues at the National Concert Hall.� acclamation (n), acclaim (v)

9.153 lure /lU@(r), ljU@(r)/ (n) attractive qualities of sth ◆ The

lure of Australia for many people is its wide open spaces. � lure (v)

9.138 in one go

/In %wVn "g@U/ (idm) all together on one occasion

◆ My daughter ate the pack of crisps in one go so that nobody could take any from her.

Grammar9.139 deposit /dI"pQzIt/ (n) sum of money that is given as the

first part of a larger payment� deposit (v)

9.140 balance /"b&l@ns/ (n) amount of money still owed after

some payment has been made

9.141 withdraw /wID"drO:/ (v) stop or make sb stop taking part in

an activity or being a member of an organization ◆ I had to withdraw from the Parents’ Committee because I didn’t have enough time to spare. � withdrawal (n)

9.142 confiscate /"kQnfIskeIt/ (v) officially take sth away from sb,

especially as a punishment◆ The teacher threatened to confiscate their mobile phones if they brought them again in class.� confiscation (n)

9.143 pierce /pI@s/ (v) make a small hole in sth, or go

through sth, with a sharp object◆ I’ll soon need to pierce more holes in my belt if I keep putting on weight.

9.144 stain /steIn/ (n) dirty mark on sth, that is difficult

to remove � stain (v)

Listening9.145 discipline /"dIs@plIn/ (n) practice of training people to obey

rules and orders and punishing them if they do not, the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training ◆ Strict discipline is a major feature of a soldier’s training. � disciplined (adj), disciplinary (adj), disciplinarian (adj)


9.163 affluent /"&flu@nt/ (adj) having a lot of money and a good

standard of living ◆ She lived in an affluent suburb of the city and went to an expensive private school.� affluence (n), affluently (adv)

9.164 appoint /@"pOInt/ (v) choose sb for a job or position

of responsibility ◆ They have appointed a new head teacher at my son’s school. � appointment (n)

9.165 recital /rI"saItl/ (n) public performance of music

or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group

9.166 warehouse /"we@haUs/ (n) building where large quantities of

goods are stored, especially before they are sent to shops to be sold

cae result - unit 09

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