caff - john mason
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Rockefeller convening presentation by CAFF's John MasonTRANSCRIPT
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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND
AFRICAN AGRICULTURE GRANTEE CONVENING
24-25 February 2011
Climate-Smart Agricultural Finance Facility:
Ethiopia & Ghana
Grantee :
Forest Trends
in partnership with
Climate Focus, Unique Forestry & NCRC
Presenter : John Mason, CEO, NCRC
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Brief Background on the Institutions
Forest Trends & Katoomba Group • International NGO with demonstrated ability to fill key PES & CC ‘gaps’ • Network of over 200 experts working to enhance capacity on markets &
payments for ecosystem services (PES)
Climate Focus
• Specialised climate policy & carbon market consultancy supporting clients in designing and implementing CC initiatives
Unique Forestry • Consultancy developing solutions for successful land use management
focused on forestry and agriculture with emphasis on CC.
Nature Conservation Research Centre • Leading NGO in West Africa in PES and carbon space which is developing
1st African Centre of Excellence in Applied PES with 12 in-house specialists.
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Objectives of the Rockefeller Foundation Grant
Launch two (2) Climate-Smart Agricultural Finance Facilities (CAFF) in partnership with farmer associations, governments, private agricultural sector, financial institutions, insurance companies and local NGOs. CAFF aims to: • tackle critical ‘gap’ in practical ‘how to’ do a climate smart agricultural project
to access CC funds. • demonstrate how to leverage private and public climate finance for African
farmers, and • develop operational & financial business models to channel climate finance to
farmers and facilitate the transition to climate-smart practices, • get climate finance to place an economic value on ‘climate smart’ agricultural
systems, • create economic incentives for carbon sequestration, conservation and
sustainable livelihoods of farmers.
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Key Activities Related to the Grant
• Identifying specific agricultural climate finance opportunities and projects that sequester carbon, reduce emissions and support the adaptation of agricultural production systems,
- Coffee systems in Ethiopia - Cocoa system in Ghana
• Finding site-specific carbon project implementation partners, according to the capacity and sustainable funding level necessary to provide extension services as well as monitor performance at scale, and
• Forging agreements with local financial service institution partners based on willingness to assign personnel to the initiative as well as existing portfolios and rural loan, savings, and crop insurance products.
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Background
Climate-smart agriculture
• Agricultural economic GHG mitigation potential is large and cost competitive • Key is about sustainable intensification and livelihoods.
Tree crop carbon -increasing yield - converting sun grown to shade tree crops -soil and nutrient management
Forest carbon -REDD+ - “releasing natural forests” for synthetic or organic fertilizer
Smallholder annual crop agricultural carbon -increasing yield - sustainable land management. -Soil and nutrient management.
Rangeland carbon - preventing desertification - land restoration by providing incentives to reduce overstocking -efficient feeding practices
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Progress & Findings
Climate-smart improvement potential
Garden & plantation coffee (55% of total coffee prod)
Semi-forest coffee (35% of total coffee prod)
Forest coffee (10% of total coffee prod)
From 600 to 1100 kg/ha/yr
on 175,000 ha
Feasible yield response:
From 310 to 500 kg/ha/yr
on 395,000ha
From 200 to 300 kg/ha/yr
on 292,000 ha
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Progress & Findings: Ethiopia Climate-smart coffee improvement scenarios
for Oromia region (garden coffee)
- Low crop response: 3 % annually - Medium crop response : 10 % annually - High crop response rate: 25 % annually
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Progress & Findings: Ethiopia Economics of climate-smart coffee in Oromia region
Scenario 1:
Low crop response
Scenario 2:
Medium crop response
Scenario 3:
High crop response
Costs at a scale of 175,000 ha
Annual input & extension
costs US$ 94.4 million
Climate Finance Climate finance project development costs: US$ 0.4 million
Annual MRV costs: US$ 0.44 million
Revenues
Total Revenues US$ 102.7 million US$ 125.4 million US$ 129.9 million
IRR (10 years) -10 % 18 % 29 %
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Progress & Findings
Climate finance will underwrite loan guarantees for a package of on-farm activities to enable smallholder farmers to sustainably intensify coffee & cocoa production and increase climate resilience. Project will include:
1) Supporting adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices increasing average yields and sequester additional 5.9 tCO2/ha/yr.
2) Increasing household income by at least $139/yr.
3) Strengthening agricultural extension services; financial services; and monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV).
4) Providing cooperative members access to extension services and investment loans.
5) Leveraging significant private investment in smallholder agricultural loans at low interest rates.
6) Providing conceptual framework for implementing agricultural NAMAs.
7) Use crop insurance to manage farmer risk in adoption of farm package.
8) Link intensification package to landscape planning and landscape level forest protection.
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Next Steps
• Revision/validation of plan with private sector, farmers and governments.
• National endorsement of plan for climate facility discussed and endorsed by key government entities.
• Conclude implementation climate finance commitments from WB-FCPF Carbon Fund, WB FIP, USAID Quick Start CC, GTZ and PWC-UK fund.
• Concept for performance and benefit measurement considering mitigation and adaptation benefits (and biodiversity if valued).
• Elaborating NAMA proposals including MRV systems.
• Developing link CAFF to national climate facility in Ethiopia and Ghana.
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Key Challenges & Lessons
• Local buy-in and ownership of a complex set of concepts and ideas – critical to secure from key private, farmer and government entities.
• Bringing together competing private sector interests and securing collaboration – challenging but essential or competing interests will tear progress apart.
• Finding space in established agricultural systems for innovation – high degree of resistance to change unless CC understood.
• Understanding willingness of farmers to innovate and adopt change – farmers facing growing CC pressures and seeking help in rapidly changing farming conditions. Farmers finding little help in this space.
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Emerging Opportunities for Collaboration
• Making NAMAs real: Growing list of NAMAs are being articulated by African governments. Most have limited analysis, articulation and detail. Urgent need to move this process forward as public resources coming available for bankable plans.
• Matching CAFF approach: Research needed to improve understanding of most appropriate crops and farming conditions for CAFF type approaches. Coffee and cocoa selected in this first phase. What about maize? cassava? plantain? or others? What locations and farming conditions where the intensification play and climate change pressures are felt?
• Private sector pressure: Customer awareness , market access conditions and medium-term supply concerns are increasing pressure on private sector agricultural sector to engage and demonstrate CC impacts. Growing opportunity for research and analysis.