caged clam study - amazon s3 · stacy davenport lee cochran cheryl heatwole tim shenk absalom shank...
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Caged Clam Study“Parks” and “Pond” Reaches, 2004
Thomas R. Benzing and Stacy DavenportJames Madison University
February 8, 2005
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Clams taken from North River
Collecting clams (above) and sorting them by size (right)
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Caging and Canoeing Clams
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Clam Cage PlacementDooms
Hopeman Parkway
Basic Park
North Park
Mill Pond
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Dates of Study
• Caged Clams: North Park to Basic Park– Placed on July 10, 2004– Recovered on September 25 (after 77 days)– 13 of 20 cages recovered (65%)
• Caged Clams: Dooms Mill Pond– Placed on July 16, 2004– Recovered on September 25 (after 71 days)– 18 of 20 cages recovered (90%)
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FRANCES
IVAN
JEANNE
Cages recovered
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Mercury in Caged Clams from Parks Reach
0
20
40
60
80
100
CCB0100
CCB0200
CCB0300
CCB0400
CCB0700
CCB0800
CCB0900
CCB1000
CCB1100
CCB1300
CCB1400
CCB1600
CCB1900
Site ID
Mer
cury
(ppb
)
Average Total Hg (ppb) Methyl Mercury
Parks Reach: Mercury by Site
WWTP outfall Oxbow
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Parks Reach: Map of Mercury in Clams
North ParkBasic Park
2nd Street
Hopeman Parkway
Waynesboro wastewater
treatment plant
Total mercury concentrations
(ppb in clams) are shown by size of red symbol and numbers near cage locations US Route 340
Steele Run
Oxbow
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Mercury in Caged Clams in South River in CCC Sites
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
CCC0000
CCC0200
CCC0300
CCC0400
CCC0500
CCC0600
CCC0700
CCC0800
CCC0900
CCC1000
CCC1100
CCC1200
CCC1300
CCC1400
CCC1600
CCC1700
CCC1800
CCC1900
Site ID
Mer
cury
(pp
b)
Average Total Hg Methyl Hg
Pond Reach: Mercury by Site
in mill pond
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Pond Reach: Map of Mercury in Clams
Dooms
Mill Pond
mill dam
US Route 340
Total mercury concentrations
(ppb in clams) are shown by size of red symbol and numbers near cage locations
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Conclusions from Caged Clam Study, 2004
• Mercury concentrations increase downstream from Dupont’s 001 outfall on South River in Waynesboro
• Mercury concentrations increase downstream from an oxbow (Steele Run confluence) near Basic Park
• Significantly higher mercury concentrations were found in the middle of the mill pond near Dooms
• In the mill pond, increases in methylmercury account for the increase in total mercury concentrations
• Caging clams allowed us to monitor locations where wild clams are not easily found (e.g. Dooms mill pond)
• Caged clams showed good survival rates (55.4 - 80.1%)• Some clam cages were lost during high flow (10 of 60)
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Thanks to…Sina PriceliusStacy DavenportLee CochranCheryl HeatwoleTim ShenkAbsalom ShankFred Copithorn
Mark LottsPete BoltonAshley YoungHarrison GreenJacob HilemanBill Van WartTed Turner