cahkt-netepeyprckmm focyaapctbehhblh yhhbepcmtet boctohhwm...
TRANSCRIPT
CAHKT-nETEPEyPrCKMM FOCYAAPCTBEHHblH YHHBEPCMTETBOCTOHHWM OAKYJIbTET
HHflMHCKOH
C C T a e a c T i i i e p H a
B K n a c c t m e c K y K )
noco6ue
CaHKT-IIeTepSyprcKoro2003
: R. (J)HJIOJI. HayK npoc)}. B.F.3pMaH (CFI6ry)H KaH,n. (J)HJIOJL HayK JXOIX. H.B.FypoB (CF16ry)
HH/JHHCKOH (J)HJiojiorHH
K nenaTH yneHbiM COBCTOM BocTOMHoro (|>aKyjibTeTa
TaBacTiiiepHa C.C.BBeACHHe B KjiaccMHecxyK) caHCKpHTCKyio MeTpHKy. yne6Hoe
noco6He. — CI16.: H3^-BO C.-fIeTep6. yH-Ta? 2003.— 76 c.
M3dctHue nodaomoejieno npu (puHaHcoeou noddepotCKe Flocojibcmea Mnduue MocKse, FeHepcuibHoso Koncyjibcrnea Hnduu e CauKm-Ilemepdypee
u l^enmpa UH6UUCKUX uccjiedoeanuu npu
J1nuen3Hfl MA 05679 OT 24.08.2001
nozurtHcano B nenaTb 7.07.2003. OopMaT 60x84'/16.ByMara 0(|)ceTHa«. neMaTbO(j)ceTH
Yc i. neM. JI. 4,28. THpa>ic 100 3K3. 3aKa3 $
. 199034, Camcr-rieTepGypr, yHHBepcMTeTCKaH Ha6., 7/9
Ten. (812) 328-77-63; ([)aKC (812) 328-44-22E-mail: [email protected]
www.unipress.ru
LJOn THnorpa(|)HH M3#aTejiLCTBa CU6FY199061, C.-neTep6ypr, CpeAHHH np., 41
Om aemopa
ffaHHoe yne6uoe nocoSue pa3pa6omano na ocuoeeKypcoe neKuuu no meMe "Beedeuue e KJiaccunecKywcancKpumcKyto AtempUKy" u npedHasnaneno dm cmydeHmoe-uudojioeoe cmapuiux Kypcoe ((pmiojioeoe, ucmopuKoe).
Aemop ebipaotcaem znySoKyio npU3HamejibH0cmbIJocoJibcmey Muduu e MocKee, FenepajibNOMy KoucyjibcmeyHnduu e CaHKm-F[emep6ypee u U,enmpy uuduucKiixuccjiedoeauuu npu CndFV 3a (j)uuaHCoeyio noddepjKKydawiOBO u3daHiw. Ocodyio djiaaodapnocmb xonemcHebipa3umb npocj). Hlpuuueaca Aiiun UlpuHueacany (Fcmdyps),Hbu ayduo-3anucu ucnojib3oecuiucb npu nmenuu Kypca upa3pa6omKe noco6m no MempuKe, a maKoice npocp.T.M.OpaucKou (FaM6ypz) u npo<p. FIypo6u Pou (KcuibKymma)3a codeucmeue e co3dauuu dannoeo nocodun.
L K j i a c c H H e c K a n m « M U K k a s i
"MempuKa - zpaMMamuKa no33uu "
1.1.
MeTpHKa KaK coBOKyiraocTb npaBHji CTpoeHHH CTHxaO#HHM H3 BaHCHeihirax acneicroB noarHnecKOH peMH. H3yneHHe TaioaxnpaBHji Ba»cHO He TOJIBKO noTOMy, MTO no/jaBiunomee 6ojn»niHHCTBO TCKCTOB
B HH#HH co3AaBajiocb B MeTpHMecKOH (})opMe. CymecTBeHHbiM »BjmeTCH HTO, HTO MeTpHHeCKH OpraHH3OBaHHbIH TCKCT BLinOJIHfleT pa3JIHHHBie
1) MHeMOHHHeCKa (J)yHKI|HH, ripaiCTHHeCKH BCH HHAHHCKaa CJIOBeCHOCTb HaMHornx CTOJieTHii cymecTBOBajia B ycraoH 4>opMe. HMCHHO
pHKe y,nejiHjiocL oco6oe BHHMaHHe, nocKOjn>Ky pHTMH3OBaHHtiHT, Kaic H3BecTHO, jtyHine coxpaHaeTCH H P&KQ MoaceT 6brri> BOCcraHOBjieH
npH BO3HHKHOBCHHH GIHH6OK.2) GMi>icjioo6pa3yK)maJi 4>yHKi Hii. MeTpiwecKH ynopOToneHHa^ pent - 3TOTO ce peiib, noaTOMy OHa noAHHmieTCH npaBHjiaM npOH3HOiueHHH,CHHTaKCHCa, HHTOHHpOBaHHH H T.A- 3HaHHe MCTpHKH ^a
He TOJIBKO JUUI npaBHjn>Horo npoH3HonieHHfl, HO H
KaHHa CXHXOTBOpHblX TeKCTOB.3) 3cTeTHHecKaa yHKUiPw. Bonpoc 06 3CTeTHMecKOH pojiH«BjiaeTCH Hpe3BbnaHHO cjio KHbiM H eiue Majio H3yHeHHWM, HO Bce-TaKH HeSy^eT OHIH6OMHI>IM yTBep^a,eHHe, HTO MeTpnica ecrb O#HH H3 KjooneH K
nOHHMaHHK) nO33HH, a HHAHHCKOH B OCO6eHHOCTH.
1.2. HCTOKH CailCKpHICKOH MCIpIIKMB caMbix paHHHx naMHTHHicax HHAHHCKOH cjiOBecHOCTH - Be#ax -
Mbl HaXOAHM y>Ke pa3BMTyK> CHCXeMy CTHXOCJIO5KeHH5I C MHOSKeCTBOMCTHxoTBOpHbix pa3MepOB. MeTpw (Hxcwdac) B ApeBHeii HHAHH nacTOO6O)KeCTBJMJIHCb H IiepCOHH(j)HIJHpOBaJIHCb (o6bPIHO B O6pa3e MH<J)HHeCKHX
cynapn), Ha^emuracb nyAecHbiMH CBOHCTBaMH, no3TOMy HMeme H MarHHecKaa ^yHK^3^- TaK, HanpHMep, sanmpu,
Han6ojiee noMHTaeMbra MeTp, COCTOHIUHH H3 Tpex nad (T.C cxpyicrypHbixe/HiHHU. CTpO^bl, CM. HH>Ke) no BOCeMb CJIOFOB B Ka>K OH? HCnOJIb3OBajICH PJISLo6peTeHiw eAHHCTBa c BpaxManou - a6cojnoTOM. Tpuiumy6x (4 nadu no 11cjioroB) - Merp KiuaTpHeB H uapcKoii BjiacTH. Yutnux, cocroflmHH H3 28cjioroB, cHMBOJiH3Hpyer B Be#ax »cH3Hb, cueAOBaTejibHo, c ero
Ao6HBajraci> #ojiroH 2KH3HH. JHoicazamu (12 cjnoroB x 4 nadbi) u nauKmu (8CJIOIDB x 5 nad) - J\JW o6peTeHna o6HJii>Horo CKOTa. Epuxamu (36 cjioroB) -jxnsi cjiaBbi H npH3HaHHi!. Anywmy6x (8 cuoroB x 4 nadbi) - JIJISI o6peTeHHflMecra Ha He6ecax. Bupadotc (30 cjioroB) - JUIR OSHJILHOH ronnH. B
B KjiaccHHecjcyio 3noxy, H3 CTaptix BeAHHCKHX BO3HHKJIO
HOBblX CTHXOTBOpHtLX pa3MepOB.
CJIOB HeoSxo HMO CKa3aTi> o cjioBe "chandas", KOTopoeynOTpe6jMK)T RSW 0603HaHeHHfl MeTpHHeCKOH peHH. CJIOBO 3T0
BectMa >sipeBHee H 3a(})HKCHpOBaHO y^ce B PHrBe^e. CymecTByeT nonyMpHaa3THMOJiorHfl, Bocxo^ama^ K jiHTepaType 6paxMaH H ynaHHuia^, r^eH3JiaraeTCH MH$ O TOM, Kaic 6orH, y6oaBniHCb CMepTH? npoHHKjiH B TpoHHoe3HaHHe (TpH Be#M) H 3aKpbijiHCb (3aimiTHjiHCb) HxaiwacaMH (chandobhiracchadayan, ^xaimorta-ynaHHinaAa 1.4.2), T.e. 3Aecb CJIOBO BO3BOAHTC« K
Koprao "chad" - "noKpMBaTB". Ilo^o6Hoe xojiKOBaHHe BCTpexiaeTca BIlIaTanaTxa-SpaxMaHe (8.5.1.1). 3Ty me 3THMOjiorrao npeAJiaraeT ilcKa B"HHpyicre", HO, BepOHTHO, 3aHMCTBya ee H3 6paxMaHHnecKOH jiHTepaTypbi.TaKoii XOR MLICJIH BnojiHe onpaB^aH, H6O, i<aK 6I>IJIO cica3aHO Bbinie,
pent BwnojiHHeT ( yHKutmo coxpaHeHHH, TeM 6ojiee, ecjm pento cB meHHOM 3HaHHH. 3HaMeHHTbiH KOMMeHTaTop Be,a Ca^Ha
T, HTO "MerpHHecKaa pent 3amHmaeT Bapm>i-(|)OHeMi>i" (KOMM. Ha^HaHBaTa-6paxMaHy 3.19). B caHCKpHTe ecrb eme O^HH OMOHHMHHHWH
KopeHt "chad", o3HaHaiomHH "crpeMjieHHe", "jKenaHHe", "npoHBjieHHeBOJIH" (^xaTynaTxa 1.801: "chadl urjane"), a TaK ce 3a(J)HKCHpOBaHO H
OMOHHMHHHoe OTrjiarojibHoe HMH "chandas" B 3HaneHHHBO3MO^CHO, o6a CJIOBH poACTBeHHw H
CKJIOHHW BO3BOAHTb ASHHOe CJIOBO KO BTOpOMy KOpHK). T.e.MO>KHO 6bijio 6bi noH«Tb icaic
1.3. CHCTeMI*! CTHXOCJIOJKeHHJI
1.3.1. BeAHMCKan MexpHKa
IlepByK) (BeAHHCKyK)) CTaAHK) pa3BHTHMCTHXOCJIO5KeHH« Ha3bIBaK)T CHJIJia6HMeCKOH. CHJIJia6HHeCI<HMH
MeTpbi. OCHOBHOH crpyicrypHOH eAHHHueH crpo(j) B
ravmax mrweTCH nada (pada) HJIH CTHX, B KOTOPOM K2CKM%
CTpoc[)a, KaK npaBHjio, COCTOHT H3 Tpex HJIH neTbipex naA, o6pa3y>iTpeXCTHIHHil, HeTBepOCTHHIHJI H T.A- CTpO^H o6bIHHO ACJiaTCa Ha ABe HaCTH,H ecjiH B OAHOH- Tai<OH HacrH 6ojiee OAHOH naAw, TO OHH npOH3HOc Tca Ha
OAHOM #bixaHHH, T.e. c codjnoACHHeM 3B(J)OHHH (caHAXH) Ha crBiKax naA-Me>*cAy nojiOBHHaMH cTpoc[)w 3B(J)OHHH He nponcxoAHT H3-3a He6ojibinoH
(nay3w) B HTCHHH. JJjw Be HHCKHx MeTpoB xapaicrepHoKOJiHnecTBO cjioroB, npOH3BOjn>HOCTb HanajibHbix (KaK npaBHjio,
nepBLix neTbipex) cjioroB H HeKOTopaa ynop AoneHHOCTb B 3aKjnoHaiomeHMacro na^bi (KaAeHnjtm, KOTopaa, KaK npaBHjio, cocraBjraeT nocjieAHHe 4-5CJioros). B Be^ax MM o6Hapy)KHBaeM TpH ocHOBHbix THna CTHxoTBopHbixpa3MepoB:a) BOCbMHCJIOHCHblH,6)B) OT
B 3THX Tpex THnax Bbi#ejiaeTCJi TpH caMwxCTHxoTBopHbix pa3Mepa: ra^rrpH, TpHnny6x H /pKaraTH, o KOTopbix
B AHrapea-6paxMaHe H3JiaraeTc i HHTepecHbrti MH$ O3THX Tpex pa3MepoB. Bo-nepBbix, MeTpw, KaK H Boo6me
Penb (Vac), TCCHO CB 3aHbi c pmyajiOM COMM -6eccMepTHfl. C noMombio PenH HJIH ^[xaimacoB, KOTopwe cyTb TO ce60 rn o6peTaK>T Co My. B yKa3aHHOH 6paxMaHe (AHTapea-GpaxMaHa 3.25-28)TOBOpHTCH, MTO H3HaMajIbHO BCe MeTpbl 6bIJIH OAHHaKOBblMH H COCTOHJIH H3neTbipex cjioroB-aKniap (3aMeTHM, HTO name Bcero Merpw onpeAejiniOTCiiHMeHHO no KOjiHHecTBy cjioroB B naja,e 6e3 yKa3aHH« KOJinnecTBa naA HJIH nooSnjeMy KOjiHHecTBy cjioroB B CTpo({)e). 3TH IxaHAacbi npHHJura O6JIHK nTHiCynapH H OTnpaBHjincb Ha HeGeca, r/je o6HTaeT CoMa. ,3 caraTH npojieTejiTOJibKO nojiOBHHy nyTH H BepHyjica, noTep^B npn 3TOM Tpn cjiora.TpHiiny6x TO ce BepHyjicn HH C neM, noTepaB OAHH cjior. FaaTpn 5Ke AocrnruejiH, HO npn 3TOM noAo6paji yTpaneHHbie ApyrHMH MeipaMH nerapeaicniapbi. T.o. Tenepb y Fa^Tpn BoceMb cjioroB ( 8 x 3 na^w). Ho npn STOMocraBniHecH ABa Merpa, 6yAynH ym,ep6HbiMH, He MoryT coBepnrarb pHTyan.H TorAa FaaTpH BOCcoeAHHiieTca c ocTaTKaMH TpHniTy6xa (8 + 3), no3TOMyTenepb y TpHinTySxa 11 cjioroB (11 x 4 naAw). Taioice H JJ^KaraTu,BOCCOeAHHHBniHCb C FaaTpH H TpHHITy6xOM (8 + 3 + 1), CTaHOBHTCflABeHaAU,aTHCJio)KHbiM (12 x 4 naA*>i).
BoCbMUCJIOJICHbie pO3Mepbl
B BOCbMHCjioacHbix BeAHHCKHx Meipax nepBbie neTbipe cjiora -npOH3BOJibHbie, a nocjieAHHe (KaAeHn;Ha), icaK npaBHjio,
XXXX KJ LJ XBCTpexiaiOTGH BOCbMHCJIO»CHHICH C "TpOXeHHCCKOH"
XXXX U X
nocreneHHO AamibiH MeTp cxpeMHTca K ynopjmoiieHHocra H B nepBbixH npHHHMaeT cjieAyiomHH BHA:
x X KJ L^XHan6ojiee pacnpocTpaHeHHbiii H noHHTaeMbiH BOCBMHCJIOH<HI>IH
B BeAax - eanrnpu (gayatri), KOTOPWH COCTOHT H3 Tpex naA. Crpo(})aHa JIBQ nacTH: 16 + 8.
IIpHMep C "flM6MHeCKOH" Ka eHlUHeH!agnim lie purohitamyajnasya devara rtvijam Ihotaram ratnadhatamaim \\ (PHrBe^a 1.1.1)
FIpHMep c "TpoxeHHecKoii" Ka/i Hi HeH:tuvam no agne mahobhihpalii visvasya arateh Iuta dviso martiyasya II (PHrBe/ja 8.7.1)
pacnpocTpaHeHHfciii BOCBMHCJIOJKHHK - 3TO anyiumy6x(anustubh), COCTO IUHH H3 Menbipex naA no BOceMb CJIOFOB, T.e. 16 anoroB +16 cjioroB. MeTpHHecicaji crpyicTypa TaKaa TKQ, KZK H y rampH.npHMep:
k yas te sarpirasute
agne sam asti dhiyase I
aisu dyumnam uta srava
a cittam martiyesu dhali II (PHraeAa 5.7.9)B npoaecce pa3BHTHa B aHHOM MeTpe npoaBjwexca TeimeHmw
HeneTHwx H HCTHBIX na#: npuneM neTHbie ocraiOTCHHce, KaK onncaHO BLiuie, a B HeneiHtix npeAnocjieAHHH cuor
x x x x u -— •— X
x x x x u — u x
10.136.07a vayiir asma upamanthat
10.136.07b pinasti sma kunansiama I
10.136.07c kesi visasya pMrena
10.136.07d yad radreii^pibat saha II (PHrBe^a 10.136.7)
aHyinTy6xaiuiaccHxiecKoro pa3Mepa - UUIOKIL
JJpyrUQ pa3H0BH£H0CTH BOCbMHCJIOtfCHHKOB B Be#aX OTJIHHaiOTCfl OTyKa3aHHbix Bbiine TOJIBKO KOJimecTBOM naA, npHHeM OHH BocnpHHHMaiOTOiB KanecTBe "paciuHperow" HMeroniHxcn MeTpoB. Macro "#onojiHHTejii>Hi>ie"na#bi BBirjDiA T KaK pe(J)peHbi (noBTopti).
Pa3Mep nauKmu (paiikti) npozjcraBjifleT CO6OH "paciuHpeHHe"aHyniTy6xa Ha o#Hy na/^y, T.e. OH COCTOHT H3 nnTH BOCI>MHCJIO^HI>IX na,A(Bcero 40 cjioroB). fleneHHe CTpo(})bi: 2 na#Bi + 3 na^ti.
TIpHMep:itthi hi soma in made
brahma cakara vardhanam I
savistha vajrin ojasa
prthivyS nih sasa ahim
drcann dim svardjiyam II
sa tvamadad vfsa madah
somah syenabhrtah sutah I
yena vitram nir adbhiyo
jaghantha vajrin ojasa
drcann dnu svardjiyam II (PnrBeAa 1.80.1-2)
Pa3Mep uaxananKmu (mahapankti) npeACTaBJiaeT CO6OH"paciiiHpeHHe" anyinTy6xa Ha ^Be na^w, T.e. OH COCTOHT H3 uiecTHBOCbMHCJiO5KHbix naA (Bcero 48 cjioros). ^ejieHHe CTpo(J)bi: 2 na^w + 4na#bi. TlocjieAHHe ^Be na^w - pe(|)peH.
mahi vo mahatim avo
varuna mitra dasuse I
yam aditya abhi dmlio
raksatha nem agham nasad
anehdso va iitdyah
suiltdyo va iitdyah II
vida deva aghanam
Sdityaso apakrtim I
paksS vayo yathopari
vi asme sarma yachata
anehdso va utdyah
suutdyo va iltdyah II (PnrBe,na 8.47.1-2)
Pa3Mep uicmeapu (sakvarl) npe/jcraBjraeT CO6OH "pacuiHpeHHe"naHKTH na #Be na^w, T.e. OH COCTOHT H3 ceMH BOCbMHCJiOHCHbix naA (Bcero56 cjioroB). fl,ejieHHe crpo^wi 2 na#i>i + 5 na^ IlocjieAHHe 2 najw - pet})peH.IIpHMep:
pro su asmai puroratham
Indraya susam arcata I
abhlke cid ulokakft
samge samatsu vrtrahi
asmakam bodhi codita
tidbhantdm anyakesdm
jiyakd ddhi dhdnvasu II
tuvam sindhur avasrjo
adharico ahann ahim I
asatmr indra jaj&ise
visvam pusyasi viriyam
tarn tva pari svajamahe
tidbhantdm anyakesdm
jiyakd ddhi dhdnvasu II (PnrBeAa 10.133.1-2)
MeTpw HMeiOT TpexHjieHHyio CTpyioypy.OHH COCTOHT H3 "aa iHHa", nocjie KOTOporo cjie;iyeT i e3ypa, cpeAHeii nacTHH Ka eHEtHH. U,e3ypa cjie/iyeT nocjie HCTBepToro HJIH n^Toro cjiora. 3aiiHHbiCOCTOHT H3 4-X HJIH 5-H CJIOrOB, npHHeM pHTM
3axiHH H3 MeTbipex cjioroB: x — x
10
3HHHH H3 IDITH CJIOrOB.' a) X X • X
()) X X U X
a) KJ KJ — (ije3ypa nocne naToro cjiora)6) ^ u (u,e3ypa nocne iieTBepToro cjiora)
(nocneAHHe neTLipe cjiora) "TpoxeHMecicafl": JIOTLTHH + KparicHH +IlpOH3BOJIbHBIH.
B HTore nojiyMaeTCH TpH pa3H0BHAH0CTH OAHHHazmaTHCJiOHCHoro Merpa:
a) x — x — x , u u | — u — x |
6) x — x u x, u u | — - u — x |
B) x — x — , u u -— | — w — x |
O6mee Ha3BaHHe Bcex OAHHHaAiaTHCJiOMCHHKOB mpuuimySx(tristubh). CaMbiH pacnpocrpaHeHHWH BapHaHT TpHimy6xa H3 neTbipex na#no 11 cjioroB (2 najihi 4- 2 na^w), HO pe,AKO BCTpenaiOTca H TpHiirry6xH H3AByx (dvipada, PB 7.17) HJIH Tpex (viiaj, PB 3.25) na^-IIpHMep:
hiranyagarbhah sam avartatigre
kVu"\tasya jatah patir eka a sit I
sa dadhara prthivim dyim utetnam
kasmai devaya havisa vidhema II (PHrBe/ja 10.121.1)
adityiaam avasa nutanena
sakslmalii sarmana samtamena I
anagastve adititve turSsa
imam yajnam dadhatu srosamanah II (PHrBe^a 7.51.1)
JJeenadiiamucjioMmbie mempbi
Meipw, Ha3biBaeMbie dycaeamu (jagatl)co6oii "pacnrapeHHe" TpHniTySxa Ha OAHH cjior, T.e. B
a) x — x — x, u u | — KJ — KJ x I
g) x - X , KJ ^J I KJ KJ X
11
CTaH#apTHfeiH MeTp AHcaraTH COCTOHT H3 HeTtipex na# no 12 cjioroB.IIpHMep:ananudo vrsabho dodhato vadho
gambhira rsvo asamastakaviyah I
radhracodah snatkano vilitas prthur
indrah suyajna usasah suvar janat II (PHrBe.ua 2.21 A)
CMeutanuhie mempbi
FaflTpH H A caraTH o6pa3yK)T uejibin p ^ T.H. CMeinaHHbixO6pa3yK>TCH OHH CMeineHHeM na^ yica3aHHBix MeTpoB.Yiuuux (usnih): 8 + 8+12 (Bcero 28 cjioroB). IlpHMep:agne vijasya gomataIsanali sahaso yaho Iasrae dhehi jatavedo malii sravah II (PHrBe^a 1.79.4)
llypayuihux (purausnih): 12+8 + 8. IIpHMep:
apsu antar amftam apsti bhesajam
apira uta prasastaye I
deva bhavata vajinah II (Pn:rBe,aa 1.23.19)
KaKySx (kakubh): 8+12 + 8. IlpHMep:
adha hi indra girvana
upa tva kaman mahah sasrjmahe I
udeva yanta udabhih II (PnrBeAa 8.98.7)
Bpuxamu (brhati): 8 + 8+12 + 8 (Bcero 36 cjioroB).
saclbhir nah sacivasu
diva naktam dasasyatam I
m5 vam ratii- upa dasat kada cana
asmad ratih kada cana II (PHrBe^a 1.139.5)
Camo6puxamu (satobrhati): 12 + 8+12 + 8 (Bcero 40 cjioroB). IIpHMep:
janaso agniin dadhire sahovfdham
havismanto vidhema te I
sa tvam no adya sumana ihavitS
bhava vijesu santiya II (PnrBeAa 1.36.2)
12
AmutuaKeapu (atisakvari): 8 4- 8 + 8, 8 + 8, 12 + 8 (Bcero 60 cjioroB).npHMep:susuma yatam adribhir
gosrita matsara ime
somaso matsari ime I
k rajana divisprsa
asmatra gantam upa nah I
ime vam mitravaruna gavasirah
somah sukra gavasirah II (PHrBe#a 1.137.1)
AmbHuimu (atyasti): 12 + 12 + 8, 8 + 8, 12 + 8 (Bcero 68 ejioroB).IlpHMep:sa no nedistham dadrsana k bhara
agne devebhih sacanah sucetuna
maho rayah sucetuna I
malii savistha nas krdhi
samcakse bhuje asyai I
mahi stotfbhyo maghavan suvlriyam
mathlr ugro na savasa II (PHrBe^a 1.127.11)
1.3.2.
Ha nepBOH cra^HH pa3BHTH« CHCTeMbi craxocjioDKeHira Bi BH^HM Hanajio o4>opMjieHiw CHjuia6o-MeTpiwecKoro CTHxa.
Ho OKOHnaTejibHO CHjuia6o-MeTpHKa ycroHjiact B KjiaccH iecKH ; nepHOA.TOJILKO O HH p33Mep B KJiaCCHHeCKOH CaHCKpHTCKOH nO33HH OCTaeTCH HenojiHOCTbio yperyjiHpOBaHHbiM: 3TO uuioKa - caMtiM pacnpbcTpaHeickbiH H3HHAHHCKHX p33MepOB, KOTOpblH COXpaHfleT CTpyKTypy nO3AHeBeAHHCKOrOaHyuiTy6xa.
IlOHTH BCe pa3MepW KJiaCCH ieCKOH CaHCKpHTCKOH II033HH CHJIJia60-e, T.e. HHCJIO CJIOrOB B HHX nOCTOHHHO, H nOJIO CeHHC ROJITVLX HcjioroB HeTKo onpeACJieHO. HHBIMH cjiOBaMH, Ka>i<3biH pa3Mep
CO6OH cnporo onpeAejieHHbrii pHTMHHecKHH pncyHOK. TaK»ceBee CTpo(})fci cocroflT H3 HeTwpex nwiy pas^ejieHHBix Ha RBQ napsi
(padayuga), ueyxjiy KOTOPBIMH AejiaeTCfl He6ojn>inaa nay3a. OCHOBHOH
upumxnu nocTpoeHHfl, a xaioKe HTCHIW CHjuia6o-MeTpHHecKHx CTHXOB
MO)KHO c(JK>pMyjiHpOBaTb OAHHM CJIOBOM: uampa (matra). Mampa - 3TO
13
jno6oro KpaTKoro cjiora, npHneM AJiHHa juo6oro.AOJiroro cjiora JSPJUKHSL npHpaBHHBaTbCfl #ByM MampoM:
u u =-
no33HH nonuia Aajibiiie: OT CHjuia6o-MerpHHecKoroCTHXa K HHCTO MCTpKHeCKOMy HJIH KBaHTHTaTHBHO-MeTpHHCCKOMy.KoJIHHeCTBO CJIOrOB B CTpO(})e THKHX MeTpOB MOHCeT MeHflTbCH, HO AJIHHa,Bbipa^eHHaa B Mampax, ocraerca HeH3MeHH0H. KBaHTHTaTHBHwe pa3MepwHe HanijiH uiHpoKoro npHMeHeHHH B caHCKpHTCKoii no33HH. B 3TO ace BpeM)ipa3BHBaK)TC>i T3K Ha3biBaeMfcie "neceHHbie" pa3Mepbi HJIH zana-nxandac. 3TOTO5Ke "MepocHHTaioiuHe" pa3Mepbi, HO OCHOBHOH e,zniHHJjeH cneTa B HHX
«BjiaeTC« He uampa, a xaicr (earn), paBHbiH no AJiHTejitHOCTH neTbipeMMampaM. HanpHMep, O^HH H3 caMbix pacnpocTpaHeHHwx pa3MepoB TaKoropo^a apm COCTOHT H3 neTLipex CTHXOB - nad, npnneM nepBaa H TpeTbHHMeiOT no Tpn zanu HJIH 12 Mamp, BTopaa - 4,5 aanu HJIH 18 mamp, aHeTBepTaa nada - 15 Mamp, T.e. COCTOHT H3 3,5 ean c OAHHM KpaTKHM cjioroM
2-H H 3-H eauoMu. HeneTHbie H neTHbie zattbi, O K npaBHjio,B pHTMHHecKH KOHTpacTHpyK)H He napbi, B pe3yjibTaTe nero
BO3HHKaeT HCHBOH H neBy^HH PHTM: I vj u — I u — U 1 . 3TH pa3MepbiT3KHCC He HCnOJIb3OBajIHCb UIHpOKO B CaHCKpHTCKOH nO33HH, nO3TOMyM03KH0 CKa3aTfc, HTO B OCHOBHOH CBOeH MaCCe CaHCKpHTCKHe
1.4. ojirwe H KpaTicne cjiorw
HmpiHCKHe TeopeTHKH pa3JiHHaiOT ecrecTBeHHyio ^ojiroiy (dirgha)KpaTKoCTb (hrasva) cjiora H MeTpHHecicyio ^ojiroTy (guru) HJIH
(laghu). CaMa no ce6e MerpHHecicaH AJiHHa cjiora OTi naeTC^ TOJibKo OAHHM: AOJITHH cjior Bcer^a paBeH ByM
no AJiHHe 3ByMaHH . KpaTKHe H ^ojirne cjiorn B MeTpHKeie,zryK)rnHM o6pa3OM:
1. KpaTKHM CHHTaeTCfl JIK)6OH OTKpblTHH CJIOT, COAep>KamHH KpaTKHHrjiacHbiH (a, i, u, rf 1).
2. ^ojirne - Bee CJIOTH c / ojirHM rjiacHbiM (a, I, u, I) HJIH ^ByrjiacHbiM (ef of
ait au) H jno6oH 3aKpbiTbiH cjior. IIOMHMO Bcero ^OJITHMH CHHTaiOTCH CJIOTH
c aHycsapOH, aHyHacHicoii H BHcapron.
14
3. IlpoH3BOJibHO TpaiayiOTCfl cjiorn, nocjie KOTOpbix cjie#yK)T coneTaHHfl kra,
pray bra, hra. B TOICHX cjiynaax, B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT Tpe6oBaHH>i MeTpa, cjioripaioyeTOi JIH6O KHK 3aicpbrrbiH, JIH6O Kax OTRPMTBIH. HanpHMep, B CJIOBC
viprah (MyApeu) nepBbra cjior 3aKpbrrbiH, T.e. AOJiran, H iipoH3HOCHTbCflCJIOBO 6y#eT xax: vip-rah. Ho ecjra pa3Mep Tpe6yeT, HTO6W nepBtoi cjiorAaHHoro cjiOBa 6WJI KpaTKHH TO OH 6y,o;er np0H3H0CHTbc« HHane: vi-prah4. TaK >Ke npOH3BOJibHO TpaicryeTCH nocjiQAHHH cjior B JHO6OH nade, T.e.KOHeHHblH CJIOr, He3aBHCHM0 OT CBOeH KpaTKOCTH HJIH OJITOTbl,IIp0H3H0CHTCH KaK KpaTKHH HJIH AOJITHH B COOTB€TCTBHH C Tpe6OBaHHCM
1.5. KowpoBKa MeTpoii H ycjioeHbie o6o3HaH
B HHAHHCKOH CHcreMe o6o3HaneHHHCHMBOJIW: jim KpaTKoro cjiora Qiaexy) cjior na (H) HJIH 3HaK danda (I),AOJiroro (zypy) JIH6O cjior za ( t), JIH6O 3Haic aeaepaxa (s). TaK, HanpHMep,pa3Mep undpamdotcpa (11 cjioroB) MOJICHO 3anHcarb AByMH cnoco6aMH*.
2. 55 155 115 155Ho Taicaa 3anwcb? B o6meM, He Hcnojib3yeTca, a BeeCHjijia6HHecKne pa3Mepbi B TpaAHUHOHHbix TpaicraTax noonHCbreaiOTca c noMOinbio CHCTeMbi ean. Fana - 3TO rpynna, cocroiiniaa H3Tpex cjioroB H CHMBOJiHHecKH npeAcraBjieHHan B BH e OAHOFO cjiora. Beeaanbi H HX o6o3HaHeHHfl nepenHCJieHbi HH Ke:
1. r i s$
2. T SIS
3. <T SSI
4. vr s \ i
5. *r is i
6. ^ i is
7. *r sss
8. T i nC noMombK) 3THX ycjiOBHbix CHMBOJIOB, o6o3HaHaion HX cpa3y TpH cjiora, H
onHCbmaiOTCfl Bee pa3Mepw. ECJIH KOjinnecTBO cjioroB B nade He KpaTHOTpeM, Tor^a ^odaBjunoTCH npocTO cjiorn T HJIH CT. TaK BbnneyKa3aHHbiHpa3Mep uudpaeadotcpa MO>ICHO 3anncaTb
15
1.6. Hjcnne caiiCKpiircKHx CTHXOB.
caHCKpHTCKoro CHjijia6HHecKoro CTHxaOT npHHaToro B pyccKOH HJIH eBponencKOH no33HH. 3TO,
KOHeMHO, CBfl3aHO C TeM, MTO B pyCCKOM H3WKe HCT 0Iin03HU,HH AOJHTHX HKpaTKHX cjioroB. Ho Bee )*ce MOHCHO ycMOTpeTb HeicoTopyio aHajiorrao B
pyccKOM neceHHOM TBOpnecxBe, r ,e TCKCT IIOJXHUWIQTCK B OCHOBHOM
pHTMHKe My3bIK3JIbHOH, a He eCTeCTBeHHO-CJIOBeCHOH. CaHCKpHTCKHH CTHXMO»CHO Ha3BaTb "M)r3biicajrbHi>iM", H Me K y ero HcnojmeHHeM H
HCT 6OJII>IIIOH pa3HHi;bi (3aMeTHM7 HTO B HauieM noHHMaHHHCTHXH He MHTaiOT, a noiOT, Hcnojib3yfl npocTenuiHe MQJIQJXUK, HTO
He HCKjnonaeT nepejiOKeHHH Ha 6onee cjio^cHyio MCJIOAHK), H Tor^a CTHX
craHOBHTca yace necHefi). ECJIH npoAOJDKHTb aHajiormo /jajibme, TO MOH<HO
CKa3aTb, MTO HeKOTopwe Mejio HH B pyccKOM neceHHOM TBopnecrBepHTMHHeCKH nOJIHOCTbK) COOTBeTCTByiOT HeKOTOpbIM CaHCKpHTCKHMCTHXOTBOpHbIM pa3Mep3M. BOT IIpHMep TaKOH neCHH!
Ma - MO, Ma - Ma, HTO % 6y - #y A$
U J U j IJ) j> j> * UB TpaAHUHOHHOH caHCKpHTCKOH McipHKe ^aHHaa Mejio/nifl 6bi
,HaHHbIH pHTM nOJIHOCTbK) COOTBeTCTByeT CaHCKpKTCKOMy ,I3,eC«THCJ10>iai0Mypa3Mepy Mamma. FlpHMep:
pitva raatta madhu madhupall
kalindlye tatavanakufije/
uddivyantir vrajajanaraiiiah
kainasakta madhujiti cakre//
IIpH HTeHHH CaHCKpHTCKHX CTHXOB CJie/iyeT npHH ITb BO BHHMaHHeTOT 4>aKT, HTO rpaHHE[bi CJIOB H cjioroB MoryT He coBna^aTb, T.e. ecjin CJIOBO
3aKaHHHBaeTca Ha KpaTKHH rjiacHbiM, a cue^qyiomee HaMHHaeTCH Ha rpynnycorjiacHbix, TO AaHHbiH cjior 6y#eT TpaicTOBaTbCH icaK AOJIFHH. npHMep:
3aunci>: siva siva siveti prajapatah
: si- va- si- va- si- ve- tip- ra- ja- pa- tah
U U U U KJ U U U —
16
HacMOTpa Ha cymecrBeHHoe pa3JiHHHe CHCTCM CTHxocjio:aceHHfl B
pyCCKOH H HHAHHCKOH II033HH, MeTpHMCCKOe nepeJlOHCCHHe CaHCKpHTCICHXCTHXOB Ha pyCCKHH H3bIK BO3MO3KHO. H TaiCHe nOnblTKH 6bUIH. B CBOeM
HcropHH eBponeHCicoro craxa" (M. Hayica, 1989) M.JI.FacnapoBmyTOHHoe nocjiaHHe M.BojioinHHy OT jinua HHAHHCKOFO no3Ta
i, HanncaHHoe B.H.^pxo. flaHHoe nocjiaHHe HMHTHpyeT caMWHpacnpocTpaHeHHbiH H3 HHAHHCKHX BOCbMHCjio»cHbix pa3MepoB - uuioKy, r#e
B Kaj3&m\nnx (nocjieAHHx HerBepocjio)KHflx) AOJirnx H KpaTKHxHepeAOBaHHeM yAapHbix H 6e3yAapHbix:
ArHH TWMH
BOcnoftTe AeTH ARKTU !- JTK)6OBb, Hh5l
IIpHBOAHTCH HeCKOJIbKO CaHCKpHTCICHX CTpOC}), HailHCaHHblXnonyjmpHbiMH pa3MepaMH, c nepesoAOM, HMHTHpyiomHM 3TH pa3Mepbi
B CTopoHe, nocicojn>KynpoH3HeceHrao pa3MepoB).
US MS I \SS
KyM-)KeM-Fy-KTO
Kyqy.CH-ne
MOMra6pa-
Te-HHTbcjie-HHT-
JIOnaTbICH
norpy-uaTa-
Kpbl-
JIO-KOH
TOe-TO-Kpa-
ny-ecax-CTO-
IIIHC-CMyr-CTO-TO-
TblNJ1OHnax10!
17
S IS 11 IS IS IS
B cepa-CBe-
Ha
upTHTTexnpe-
npa-pa-nop,My-
Be,a-3y-no-Apo-
HOMMaKaro
Bce-He-Hera-
iTja3a-6po-3e-
VMy-
ie-
My-THeH-oc-o-
ipe-KblHTpHHKa-
aCBCTB3raH.
SSISSIISISS
J JApy-BOTHerHo
3ba!npa-BMH-H
CKa-Bapey .
acyoceMnyH-6eA
npH-npa-iiieocex
MOBaMAe-Her
HHBblpy-
6ec-He-Kpy-roK
npn-TyTO-npH-
cTpa-Btl6e-mi-
CTHOme.ApovHBI.
PeKOMeii/jyeMasi jiHTepaTypa:A.Macdonell "A Vedic Grammar for Students". London 1962. C 436-447.V.Apte "The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary". Delhi 1996. Appendix I,"Sanskrit Prosody".Arati Mitra "Origin and DeveJopement of Sanskrit Metrics". Calcutta 1989.A.Keith "A History of Sanskrit Literature". Delhi 1996. C. 415-421.A.il.CbipKHH "O6i>>iCHeHHe CTHXOTBOPHWX pa3MepoB" // ITaHHaTaHTpa. M.,1958. C. 324-339.M.Jl.FacnapOB "OnepK HCTOpHH eBponeiiCKOro eraxa". M, 1989. C. 51-55.
18
2 . " T p w
COHCKPHTCKHX pa3MepoB Bbi6paHbi cTpo(j)bi H33HaMeHHTwx uiamaK (CTOCTHHIHH) ExaprpnxapH. Bbi6op He cjiynaeH,nocKOjibicy 3TO OAHH H3 HCMHorHx TeKCTOB, B KOTOPOM npeAcraBjieHO BeeMHoroo6pa3He HHAHHCKHX MCTPOB: O6LIHHO aBropti H36HpaiOT JIH6O OAHH
, JIH6O HecKOJibKO, HO pe,znco npnGeraiOT KO BceM BO3MOHCHOCTHM
Crpo(})bi pacnojio^ceHw He B aBTOpCKOM nopWKe, ano MerpaM (npHHi nn pacnpeAejieHHH 3aHMCTBOBaH y B. Airre,
OH Hcnojn>3yeT B CBoeM onepKe no HHAHHCKOH MeTpHKe B
npHJiO3KeHHH K ero caHCKpHTCKOMy cjiOBapio): 1) CHjuiaGH iecioie pa3Mepw cpaBHbiMH nadaMu B nopHAKe BO3pacTaHHa cjioroB B nadey 2) cmijiaSHHecKHepa3Mepbi c HepaBHbiMH nadajuu, 3) MeTpHnecKHe pa3Mepbi. Ka^waH CTpo(|>aCHa6>KeHa KOMMeHTapHeM, r^e 3TO Heo6xoAHMO. riocjieyKa3aH0, KaKoii H3 utamaK OHa npHHa jie KHT:
TT a" HJIH "CTO CTpo4> o
^5° - "IIIpHHrapa-inaTaKa" HJIH "CTO CTpo(j) o JIK)6BH",
<A° - "BaHparbH-uiaTaKa" H.TIH "CTO CTpocJ) 06 OTpeneHKH OT MHpa".
a noA6opKa BKjnonaeT npH6jiH3HTejn>HO nojiOBHHy caMoro TeKcraBxapTpuxapH.
2,1. CwjijiaSHHecKHe Mcrpki c paBiiOMepiii>iMH nadaMu.
2.1.1. B0CbMHCJ10>KHI>ie MCTpbL
Boci>MHCJio>KHHe MeTpti npoHCxoAHT H3 Be#HHCKoro cmyiumy6xa, H
paCnpOCTpaHeHHHH H3 HHX - UUIOKO, eAMHCTBeHHblH H3pa3MepOB, B KOTOPOM He AO KOHua ynopaAOHeHa MerpHHecKaji
CTpyKTypa. IlDioKa COCTOHT H3 neTbipex nad no BOceMb CJIOTOB; 1-il, 2-H, 3-if, 4-ii H 8-H cjiorn npOH3BOjibHbi, 5-H Bcer#a KpaTKHH, 6-ii Bcer^a AOJITHH, 7-fi AOJirHH B HeneTHbix nadax H KpaTKHH B neTHbix:
HeneTHbienadu: X X X X U X
nerabie nadbi: X X X X U — U XH3-3a KOHTpacTHpyionjiHx KOHUOBOK UUIOKCX HanoMHHaeT HHTOHainiK) »CHBOH
H, no3TOMy HeyAHBHrejibHO, HTO 3TO OCHOBHOH pa3Mep MaxaGxapaTbi H
H HTO OCHOBHJIH Macca HaynHoi jiHTepaTypbi Tome HanncaHa
19
UUIOKOU. B "BMCOKOH" ace IIO33HH 3TOT pa3Mep pe KO ynoTpe6jiHeTCH, a ecjiHH BCTpenaeTca, TO name B AH#aicrHHecKHx CTpocj)ax. 3TO MO>KHO O6T>HCHHTI>
TeM, HTO uuioKa BocnpHHHMaeTCH no3TaMH KaK "npo3aHiiecKHH" pa3Mep H3-3a ero npocroTbi H o6meynoTpe6HTejibHOCTH.
\\\ ii J M W II \ n
<*><)fci
KOMMeHTapHH!a. RT IIJcl ~ npnxoAHT B no/jqnHeHHeb. IHU>S .- JieneuiKa, KycoK, no anKa
- pa3HOBHAHocTL 6apa6aHanoponioK THna xajibKa, KOTopbiM nocwnaeTCH MeisiGpaHa 6apa6ana
a. H°ld^4l - ropHoe ymejibec. 'HHi - CBH3B, o6meHHed. ^ ^ ^ ^ " I ~ flBopeu HH pb
a. vO rRT - y#ap pyKOHc. RT — noBe#eHHe
- HenOCTOHHHWH, MHMOJieTHWH,
20
- CTpaHLI CBeTa, T.e. HHKaKHX ORGyKRHOCHTfe,
: - K qeMy MHe [TorAa] napu?
c.d. d<>uINn
~ cjia6eioT.) - MOJio/jeeT
KpoMe- 6yKB. Ta, y KOTopoH Kpyn>ie CKJIOHW, T.e. KpyTo6eApaa, KpacaBHija— JIO33, COamaflCfl aMpHTOH
cHFTPT
*TcrfcT FfT TFT
d. ilH (Hapeq.) - HMCHHO- H KaK 5ice ee nocjie 3ix>ro [Ha3Baxb] JIIOGHMOH?
21
b. M^l *T < CIH<HI ~ nyTb He xaKOH yae A&neKHHc. 3i 1<l - nocpe Hd. HJ ^UII (6axyBp,) - xa,
a. •sfrltiK - rjiyxoH peMy HHneeb. ^ ^ - HceHCKan rpyAbc.d.
^"TcR
a. -ci TiMH'H IKI ~ OT nepenojiHflJomeH [ee] 6e3yMHOH CTpacTHb. "T
C. HCJ - npOTHBOAeHCTBHed. "TcTT - PO6KHH
- 6jiaropo,fl[CTBo, AOCTOHHCTBO
22
c. ^fp^ H l - B naTH qacxax rena, T.e.d. *Ti (qacr.) - rope!
oroHt cTpacni
l crff%
pb. M,chl'T=incll - e/jHHOMbicjiHe, corjiacnec. 3i |*c|Ti <J)q chm ~ Kor/jaCTpacrb yBo HTpa3yM B cTopoHyd. ^N - xpyn
(npHH. nacc.) - BOCiuiaMeHeHHLiH, pacnaneHHWH
ftp?:
(Pjo)
b. ^RlW ~ KOKeTJTHBblHd. *1IH (Hapen.) - HMCHHO
pb. cr1iT:l'iJli"cl< (6axyBp.) ~ Haxo/jHiUHHca B nojie 3ped. 3Tm+VKT^ - npeBocxoAHTb nmo-nudo (Abl.)
23
KOMMeHTapHH!a. •Jrl*tk (qacTHqa) - paaBe He, HenpeMeHHO
3il ||4)< ~ cjiyrab. Hch^^^i (6axyup.) - "TOT, y Koro Ha 3HaMeHH ny oBHme-MaKapa", 3nHTeT KaMbiC. " RR ~ Tax KaK
W FNrR - ABHSKeHHe rjia3d. jfad - yKa3aHHLiH
f FTT
(6axyBp.) - c i\jra3aMH KaK y ojieneHKa
"^TII
(5J>)
KOMMeHTapHH!- jiyHHbiH
b. H Iilcrl - TeMHWH can4)HprpaHaT
a. *\fi ~ a)TaacejiwH, 6) njiaHeTa lOimrep
b. <Hl<rclTtls - a) cumomuvt, 6) COJIHUCc. m^K — a) Me/uieHHo, njiaBHO ujxymuii, 6) njiaiiexa CaiypH
24
- cocrroamaH H3 njiaHei
HCKyCCTBO BJia#eHHH JiyKOMb. iH[q ~ He6bmajDbiHd. TJyll - npenecTHMH
: Bfc^dl ^TT^
- HMeiomHH OTHomeHHe K TaHre, ranrcKHH- a) KpaAyiUHM, oT6HpaiomHH, 6) HMeiomHH (yKpauienHbiH)
2.1,2. O,fl[HHHaAi aTMCjio>iCHi>ie
pa3Mepw B KJiaccHnecKOH IIO33HH
BeAHHCKOMy mpuiumydxy. Y BxaprpHxapH MW BcrpenaeM nnTbpa3HOBHAHOCTeH T3KHX pa3MepOB: lucuiuHu, pamxoddxama, dodxaKa,uudpaeadjicpa H ynadjfcamu. IIocjieAHHH - civieinaHHbiH pa3Mep. EroCTpyioypa coBnaAaeT c pa3MepOM undpaeadDtcpa, 3a HCKjnoiieHHeM nepBorocjiora: B undpaeadotcpa nepBbiH BcerAa AOJirHH, a B ynadoicamu -IIpOH3BOJIbHbIH, HO HHKOrAa TOJIbKO AOJirHH HJIH TOJIbKO KpaTKHH.
II 3 II V l l l d i l II ^ II
SS55 5 \SS \SS
25
a. TI fT - roTOBHocTt ncnojiHan.b. n\*\
a, "Clld - JIOBKHe ABH3KeHHH GpOBeHftf: - HrpHBoe npninypHBaHHe
KOKeTJiHBbie Kocwe B3rjumi>iC. dlCilH*^ yR RT f KRT f - rpaU[HO31IOCTl> H B RTiVlMQHHnX, H B IIOKOe
a. %7I [ - BHimiyc. Hli - ropoAd. " tl - nemepa
26
SIS 11 IS IS IS
Kpan rjia3a
II X II
5 I IS 11 S 1155
(530)
b. TTK -c. "JHji ~ HOJKHOH 6pacjieT
1FTT
27
(6axysp.) - "Ta, y KOTOpoH na CTonax-Jicrrocax SBCHJIT
55 155 115 155
a. *T "'T IHIdiC - Henpe,n;B3aTO, 6ecnpHCipacTHOb. <H Kifl 2 4- - BLicuiaa HCTHHa
II ^ ll ^MMflfd: II ^ II
a, <HU^C -'H llc|-ct)Qil - TpH OCHOBHWX CBeTCKHX BHa HCKyCTB." CJIOBeCHOCTL, My3LIKa HJKHBOnHCbd. fPT T - aom, ycTaHOBJieHiiaH RJW BCHKOH TBapH CBbime, TflopuoM
28
f ^ f^rsrr
C. TTTJcf - jieruiHH 6peMeHeM
a. WNf ~ He3aBHCHMLIH^ ~ HCKJIIOM
~ Teopeu, BpaxMab. 3^^di - rjiynocTb,d. Hn - MormaHHe
a. ic| "d -b. ^cl^
- TOHKHHopaTop
29
d. sfrl gH "30JI0TO3TT+ vTF - 3aBHceTb om ^eao-Jiu6o(Ace.)
b.d. HJI - flpy»c6a
"^cPPT
a.b. HHI H (HH ).) - cTepeTL, ycTpaHHTt
cFct
30
facial:
(BTopofi BapHaiiT)"ScT
OT6POCHB BbicoKOMepHeB KOHne KOHUOB
CKJIOH ropwH3JiyMaiOlL(HH CTpaCTb- KpacaBHua
( f )KOMMCHTapHH
c. T?FTITRPT ~ nojioca TKaiiH, npHKpLiBaioiuaa rpyAnpunoawnhiPi pyKOH(npHH. HacT. Bp.)~ a) saKpLiBaiomaaca, 6) 3aTMeBaioman
31
a. HW (Hapen.) - TOJILKO, jb. MRM^ ~ O6T,HTHH
M.^dld (6axyBp.) - TOT, y Koro OAHO jKejiaHHed. 3TT+ W ^ ~ xcejiaTL
ftW - TCJIO
2.1,3. .BeHa^qaTHCJioHciiwe pa3Mepi»i.
pa3Mepw BOCXO,ZW K BCAHHCKOMY dotcaaamu*BoMutacmxa, undpaeaMiua H dpymaeuJiaMduma BectMa ynoTpe6HTejii>Hbi B
nO33HH.
U V9
15 15 15
C. 'Ic&d - He3aHOCHHBLIH, CKpOMHWH- 6oraTCTBo
did^11
32
a. TF - MHMHKab. H<I«H(<3 - oTBopanHBaHHe, H3o6pa>KeHHe oTBpameHHfl HJIH 6e3pa3JiHiiHfl
cqena peBHOcra
n £ \\ ^ C J V I I II c II
5SISS MS IS IS
KoMMeHTapnn:d. IHiCt ~ OAepaCHMblH CTpaCTHMH
I I % u r f ^ r f s r ^ u % w
i n s i is i is is
a. W - cojineHHoe HJIH JiyHHoe 3aTMeHHeb. F Ff - 3anaAHfl, nona auHe B 3anaAHio
33
d. ftfe - cy#b6a"O!"
c. RrFT ^cft - ycep He B yHeHHHd. itTqS ~ H3BecTHWH, ycTaHOBJiemibitf
H<M\Mi\
- HeiepnHMOCTb, pa3jjpayKUTejibiiocrh
34
a. dMC - BO-neputix,~ BMeCTHJIHme BCeBO3MO:HCHbIX AOCTOHHCTB
c. "cR T T I - B TOT caMbiii MOMemr norH6aiomHHd. <H$$ (MacTHua) - O!
(nape H.)~ rope! 6e,nia!
(Sf)
KOMMeHTapHH.a. ,
i^ caMKa HHJGIHHCKOH KyicyuiKH- HTHHHfi KpHK
- ropti Ha lore HHAHH, 3HaMeHHTbie npoH3pacTaiomHM Ha HHX caHaanoBbiM AepeBOMd. ^ti (qacTHua)- yBbi!
(AeHOM.) ~ CTaHOBHTCH J
2.1.4.
O6mee Ha3BaHHe STHX pa3MepOB - ruaKeapu. B Be^ax TaKOCO6WH pa3Mep? cocroHmHH H3 ceMH nad no BoceMb cjioroB.
FIo35Ke 3TO Ha3BaHHe crajiH HOCHTb MeTpw, cocToaiUHe H3 neTbipex nad noHe™pHaznjaTb cjioroB. O^Ha nonyjwpHaa pa3HOBiiHHOCTb 3Toro Merpa,eacanmamujiaKa, BCTpeiiaeTC« y ExapTpnxapH.
II ^o II
5S IS I MS I IS ISS
35
(PJo)
a.b. "IJ fTH^R? - flOMauiHHH pa6,
Rfc. Hi' HMI'HVHKfllHl mCI - TOT, y Koro yHBHTejibHbi noncoHceHHH, HeonncyeMbieCJIOBaMHd °l|> <rljHIMl (6axyBp.) - "TOT, Hbe opyjKHe - UBeTbi", nocTOHHHWH 3nHTeT KaMbi
Tcicf
f^rasr
(qacT.) *-", KaMa
pa. W ^Hp|RuH - HTO npoKy B 3OJIOTOH rope?b. 3TlT2fcF - 6yKB. "onepeBiiiHHOi Ha MTO-JIH6O", IR. npoH3pacTaiomHH na (Ace.)
36
TpH HanSoJiee pacnpocTpaHeHHbie H HeueHHbie nopoAti AepeBkes B
- cuoBa H cHOBa
T R # T
a. ^il^i - 6pbi3rHlldol - npoxjia
b. "M H R - KyAecHHKH; nojiy6o>KecTBa, >KHBymwe Bd.
clef:
a. cfcf! l H^ ~ H IITO c Toro?c.
37
- yBa>KaeMfeiH (HEMH)~ SoraTCTBo
: II
pa. HrlCl - 6ejn>iHc. ^KiiMctH^^Ci^l (GaxyBp.) ~ (KOJIOACU), Ha KoroptiH nocraBHjiH KymuHH c
^rfr+Vl - 06x0WThd. !U>SIC1<J) H ~ KOJio eu .OJIH "He»mcTbix"
38
a. F T - 6jia>KeHHWH,C, M^TT - TpH CKJiaAKH Ha JKHBOTe y HCeHd. TIcpTcT - BH#, o6pa3
- HCKyCHblH, J1OBKHHd. ^^H^H^crl^ - c6HBaHHe cnecH c KaMbi
(Sf)
KoMMeHTapHH*.a. 3T^F^ ~ 6ejiocHe>KHbiHb. ^Ki4]^ ~ AOM, pflAOM c KOTOpbIM HaXOAHTCH
39
KOMMeHTapHH!a. flb.
" ^ 1% %
^ cIT:
( s y )
f%%RT
KOMMCHTapHH!C.Q.
2,1.5. IIsiTHa iiaTHCJio>KHi>ie
O6iu.ee Ha3BaHHe 3THX pa3MepoB amuvuaKsapu. Y ExapTpnxapHBCTpenaeTCH TOJIBKO OAHH pa3Mep - MCUIUHU.
II \ \ II H l f d i ) II %\ II
i i m i s s S I S S I S S
40
b. T Rt - 6oraTCTBod. TeRTCPcf, - BOJIOKHO CTe6ilH JlOTOCa
°IKUI - a) nperpa a, 6) CJIOH
a. qc^hd - ofle»aa OTUiejibHHKa, cflejiannas H3 Kopub. Piiy^5?! Iq^lq: - Hexpa3JiHMna
: II
a. ilqi T -- pacreHHe, JieKapcTBeHHoe pacreHHeb. WTnT T - co3Be3AHe
c. TT PT F ~ "ujapcKaH 6ojie3HL",d.
41
• nepexo/jHTb,
a. tfftlN ~ HeKTapb. H <H 1 ul,
^ ^ : II
( J ? O)
"TrU - nycTafl 6OJITOBHHCBfl3b [OKeHJUHHaMHJ(nocjiejior) ~ oniocHTejibHo, KacaTejibHO
b. ^KHl^RJl^ - CHO6, "TOT, KTO KHUHTCJI cBoeft ynenocTbio"c. ^i<?y| i4ir^lcbl^ichcrllH - [TajiHH, yKpauiennafl] noHCOM c KOJioKOJibHHKaMH, B 3BeHb«xKOToporo [CBepKaiOT] rpanaTbid.
KOMMeHTapHH!a. ^iTb^i^ - 6eccBH3HLifi,c. 3Tl 4r1cmc Qiicr1M1 1'H — >Ka»CAyiMHH Bee HOBLIX JIIOGOBHLIXd.
-WHHIHJ
( 5 J . )
b. HRHQI - apoMaTc. ClH<Hl i (6axyBp.) - TOT, joyia KOToporo iieT HHKaKOH BticuieH uejiH, cp.: HOT HHHeroCBflTOrOd. ^T^T^T^T^Jn - MomeHHHK, 3a6oT5imHHCH TOJII>KO O csoeH B
(Sf)
a. ^itfl^H-H^^I (6axyBp.) - "xa, y KOTopoH pacTpenanw BOJIOCM" (6yKB.b. H )<rlct*1 Hl (6axyBp.) ~ c 3aKpbm>iMH [ox uacjia K eiiHfl] rjia3aMHC. (<Cl — JII060BHbIH 3KCTa3
noxa
2.1.6.
pa3MepOB ambautmu.pa3HOBiWHOCTH 3THX MeTpOB: npumxeu, xapumi, MandaKpanma n
uiuKxapunu. MandaKpauma 3HaMeHHT TeM, HTO HM HanncaHano3Ma KajiH^acw "O6jiaico-BecTHHic". UluKxapunu - OAHH H3
43
paenpOCTpaHCHHWX B KJiaCCHHeCKOH II033HH MeTpOB H O#HH H3H3Jno6jieHHtix y ExapTpuxapH.
II ^ M^JS^II ^ II
IS 1115 IS I I IS ISS IS
<*lPHd
ecjiH nocxapaTbca
^ i, ocTpwe KaK no6erH TpaBbic. "N^^d,
"^Icf:
a. IvJcfrCII- necoKpacTHTejibHoe Macjio
b.c. ^I^IN^I"! - por 3afiua - O#HH H3 H3JiK>6jieHHbix napaaoKCOB B HHHHCKOH HTeparype
44
: <Hdd<|4d:
: H e f t
KOMMeHTapHH!^ - 6yKB. "o6jia aiomHH 3aftue\i"; JiyHa, npoaBaHHaa TaK H3-3a nsrrna, no 4>opMe
— no6jieKUiHH OT joiHeBHoro CBeTa(6axyBp.) ~ TOT, Hh% MOJio ocTb npouuia
b. 3H§K (6axyBp.)~ 6eccjioBecHbiH, HeMOH HJIH TOT, KTO lie MO»ceT cBH3aTb AByx CJIOB^I^ICl (6axyBp.)~ o6jia/jaiomnii npeKpacHoii HapyacHocTtio
c. ^FTOFFI - cKyneuCTcf - nonaBiiiHH B 6e,ny
d. 'JHI 'I ~ uapcKHH ABop
^ • J T T S T H T T
11 m s ssss is i is is
(6axyBp.) — KHIUMS- nOKpLITblH CJ1H3HMH
b. M? HHi'UylcHI - c HeonHcyeMbiM yjoBOJibCTBHeivid. HKil ^hcr1 ! - y6orocTb OKpy>KenHH
45
a. §J°T i *<. - MHMOJieTHLiH, pacctinaiomHHCH Bc. Kl t>l*t1 - yKpaineHHBiH oacepeJibeMd <ul** PfIH<9lcrl (6axyBp.) - Ha KoropoM noacoK3BeHHTAparoueHHocTHMH
: ^TRIT
: f5RT:
pgbil<i (6axyBp.) - noKpMTbiHTbicanaMH MOJioAbix no6eroB
b.c. IcKCi iCl — ,BtojTro5KaaHHoe yjotoBOJibCTBHed. "W,
b.c. ^ScT ~ npoBopubiH
46
d ^^l l l i - OTKa3bIBaK)TCH JieHHTb
3HaT0K [uejiHTejiLHbix] MaHTp
5 5 5 5 III 115 5 155 155
- a) H3AajieKa, 6) c Tpy oM- a) rocyflapcTBeHnafl nojiL3a 6) nosTHHecKHH CMWCJI
~ a) KpHBOTOJiKH, HHTpHrH, 6) HerpaMOTHaH pe bb. 'Hr T IT - a) uapcKoe co6paHHe, 6) co6paHHe 3HaTOKOB no33HHc. "^ - a) inar, nociynoK, 6) cTpocfa
^l^l^rlM^r^l - onpaBAMBaa OHCHAHHH jiKVjeftd. IH-H CnapeH.) ~ HecoMHeHHo
"*$>
c. 3T rT ld^*t - 6pocaioinHH ABe HrpaJibHbie KOCTHd. ^Idi - KajiH, cynpyra 6oacecTBa BpeMeiiH - Kajiu, 6ormm cMepTH
- qpe3BbiiiaHHO HCKyciibiH
47
?M
- no3T, HCKymeHHbiH B ncoTHKe H 3CTeTHKelomibiH, )KHTejib IOra; toacHbiw CTHJib B no33HH OTjiHHajioi OCO6OH
H3bICKaHH0CTbK)b. cKrH - 6pacjieT
"cIlHi ~ onaxaJio, H3roTOBji«eMoe H3 XBOCTOB HKOBc. n-R C f - HeHacwTHOCTb, HeyeMnocTbd. i'iWct)CrH~rHHll r - npeACJibiiaa cTaAHfl co3epu(aHHa (caMadxu) y HorHHa, Kor.ua jiHHHocTbnOJIHOCTbK) paCTBOpHeTCH B A6cOJlK)Te, T.e. yCipaHfleTCfl ABOHCTBeHHOCTb, KOTOpaHnpHcyrcTByeT Ha npeAiuecTByiomHX CTA HJIX co3epi;aiiH5i
b. "ozpn: R-Tt - nycToe 3aHHTHec. <iH<d sjlcr^^ - fleTCTBo npomjio
48
- PO6KHH, 6jiaropo,aHi>iH
11
ISS55S 1111ISS 11 IS
" T W\
49
p1>R T - "6yAb [y Mena Ha mee] 3Mea HJIH aceMHyvKHoe oaeepejibe", B nepBbix Tpex
na ax cjioBa B MCCTHOM naAeace cjieAyeT nepeBOAHTb aHajionmHbiM o6pa3OMb. oTfS - KOM rp*BHc. dul - TpaBHHKa, 6wjiHHKa, HeMix> MajiOBaacHoe HJIH npocTo HHHTO B npoTHBonojiojKHocTb
(a6crrpaKTHoe cym. OT *M\) - O6HJIHC KCHIUHH, rapeM
b. I Hi0^ - 6yKB. "co3peBaHHe", co3peBaHHe nJio oB AypHbix A JI; 3#ecb <e BxapTpHxapH,roBopH o Ao6poAeTejiH, yKasbmaeT Ha neraTHBHbiH xapaKTep "Bbi3peBaHHa" njio oB H 6narHx
C. T^T-Vf^- pa3MbIUIJiaTb,T^PT - o6i>eKT MyBCTBeHHoro onbixa
d. <*TO*T - CTpaAanne| - o6jiaAaTejib o6i.eKTa HyacrrB
" TPT:
"^FIT: II
a. 11 ul ~ TOHHJIbHWH KaMeHbRT pana
ClX)meHHbIH Te*IKOH (CJIOH)(6axyBp.) - c 3a6ojiOHeHHbiMH 6eperaMH
c. ^Qil^l^ (6axyBp.) - Mecan B HOBOJiynne& dMH*l - HCTomeuHe, yGbmanne
(6axyBp.) - TOT, KTO J
50
Ofr)
a. "cTTT ~ ocTOHHbiHc. Ri - noBeAeHHe, nocTynKH
- 6oraTCTBo, BJiacTbBejiHKHH no cBoen npHpo e
yjcpameHHe
rp«3Hoe, rpexoBiioe^H - B cjiynae yrpo3bi AWMIU
(6axy»p.) - 6yKB."io, HTO He JierKO caeJiaTb", 3Aecb HMQ&TCH B BHAy 0iKa3 OT
b. f v ^ H (6axyBp.) -c. "3^": 1-2J2? - cjieAyeT BWCOKO Aep>KaTb rojioBy
^ ^ H^cll- cjie yeT npeKJioHHTbCfl cTonaM BejiHKHX- 1) "o6eT Jie?.BHH Mena", o6eT uejiOMyApHH cynpyroB, npH KOTopoM Ha JioHce
noMemajica Men, 2) Jiio6oe BecbMa TpyAHoe npeAnp
"5FFTFTF:
51
a. H,<?*I®IS»HM - caMOMHeHHe, Bepa B co6cTBeimbie CHJIWb. 'HHM - poBecHHK
f: - He6oOflHOBpeMeHHO, B TO BpeMH KaK
(6axyBp.)~ TOT, KTO npe6braaeT paBHbix no HCH3HH ycuoBHflx HJIH COCTOJIHHJIXC. "ITS ~ KJIIOKad. PS - Aep3KHH, He6jiaropa3yMHbiH
- HcnyraHHbiH
5"^%
- BeJiHHHe, cHJia- 6a6omca
- pbl60JI0BHbIH KpIOHOKM«CO, HaECHBKa
nepenjieTeHHbiH ceTbio HeB3roA
a. H KI Tcf - ycnpaHeHHe a4>4>b. feC. IKSfRjH - OTBpaTHBUIHHCa OT MypOCTH UiaCTpd. 3^t"^g - Ojrope!
: - Bee HHMce H HHUKG
52
^ 6o)KecTBeHHaH peKa Faurab. M(
UMC;K - CJiaBHblH OCTOHHCTBaMH<K - CJIOBO My5KCKoro po a H ynoTpe6jweTCH TOJibKO BO MHOJKecTBeHHOM HHCJie H o3Ha«iaeT
d. °fr IdH'MHH H'H (GaxyBp.) - "TOT, m>n XCH3HI> - Jinuib HecKOJibKO MrnoBeHHH"
^ H I K ci^HHpM CTT
- peKa 6oroB, FaHrab. KCit (MH. M ) ~ CTOpOHLI CBeTac. T T cf - npeo ojieHHe COSCTBCHHOH AYXOBHOHd. R Cti - BO3JiK>6jieHHafl
<Mim1
53
a. ^ CMI'W (JIOK. a6c.) - Kor a nepecbixaeT ropjiob. « - pnc
d — CAoGpemibiH oBomaMH H noAo6HbiMd. T FRrPflcT - craBHT c Hor Ha rojioBy, Biia aeT B 3a6/iyHQjeHHe
a.b. u\utfa*^ - 6orarbiHc. 'fS - aicrep
l- cTOJiHua 6ora CMepTH 51MM
cocya
54
t %5pT
KOMMCHTapHHapT -d. RT^FKT^FT^T - peKa c necnaHbiMH 6eperaMH
4HT 1IUH - HenocTH5KHM c noMombio Mampfl JieqeHHio
b. ^TTKRIcW- nocToaHHoe noBTopeHHe "IIIaHTH! lIIaHTH!" <rro6bi nporaaTb HeB3ro bi, cp.pyccK.. "CBHT! CBST!"c. ^HlH^li^ ~ H3-3a BBeaeHHH B 3a6jiyacaeHHe
l°hHiH - HeKHH, HeBbipa3HMbiH; HeonpeAeJienHoe MecroHMeuHe B EHHOM KOHTeKCTe
~ BbI3bIBaK)mHH HH C HeM HeCpaBHHMbie KOpHH- 3a6BeHHe, noMyTHeHHe paccy Ka, npoH3BOyO(HMoe CiwapoH
55
~ XpOMOH
XBOCTOMb. ^I^cr!^ - Becb B raoHmHXCfl panaxc. TPT - o6eccHJieBiiiHH
IHcHcbct> HMIIHd'lCl (GaxyBp,) - TOT, y Kcnroporo rojioBa - 3TO nepen,, HacaaceimbiH nameio CJIOBHO ropiiioK (Ha nanKy) '
a. )CiPhcl<? - /jepeBo AyuiHCTi>iHb. UTSR - BblCOKHHi
KpHKaAaK>
d. PjcK H.— nojiHbiH JiioSoBHbix nepe cH
2.1J. ,HeBHTnaiwaTMCjiO5icni>ie Merpi>i.
fleBHTH^Au.aTHCJiOKHbie pa3Mepbi Ha3BaiOTCii amudxpumu. B "TpexuiamaKax" MM BcrpenaeM TOJibKo OAHH AeBHTHaAuaTHCJiOKHHic -uiapdyjiaeuKpuduma, HO npn 3TOM nojioBHHa Bcero c6opHHica HanncaHa B
pa3Mepe.
II
555 115 IS 1115 55 15515
56
a. J-Si0 0< | cj<: (6axyBp.)~ TOT, y KOToporo CHHCT MepaaiomHMH BcnbiiuicaMH CBeTaneo6biKHOBeHHoii KpacoTbi nojiyiviecHU, BeHnaiomHH MaKyuiKyb. QiMiC^ - CO3K)KeHHI>IH C JierKOCTbK)
H, HeyrOMOHHblH '•
(.nieHOM.) ~ npeBpamaeacaJ TFTd (aeHOM.) ~ npeBpamaeTca B pyneeK
b. ^CTMRIdNn (ACHOM.) — cTaHOBHTca rajibKOH^Hj RTu ( enoM.) ~ npeBpam;aeTCH B aHTHJiony
c. oEncT ~ 3Meiid ( eHOM.) ~ CTaHOBHTCH THpJlHHAOH UBeTOB
(.aeHOM.) - npojiHBaeTCH AOiKAeM HeKTapa
57
pa. *1N Q iHm - uer RJ\H Te6ji BpeMeHH, ne ja;o Te6n ceftHacc. "HCU - o, #yma!
d iT1< lc(IKch0 °H<?C< (6axyBp.) -peqeH npHBpaTHHKOB
rpyGbix H 6e3McaJiocTHbix
KOMMCHTapHH:
pOAOBHTOCTb
: ^HH^dl
a. lil -KISpm - B HaAefCAe HaHTH coKpoBHme^Id - pacnjiaBJieHHbiH
c. ClO-R - Bceuejio norjiomemibiH neM-nu6oA. " T T JH T - jiOMaHMH rpom
HdPd
KOMMeHTapHH!a. vtlR - KycrrapHHK HanoAo6He Bep6jiK>acteH KOJIIOHKH, pacrryiiniH B-nycTbiinx H a6coJiioTHoJlHUieHHblH JIHCTbeBb. "BQJ F ~ coBac. fTcRr - MHHHecKHe riTHUbi, B nniny KOTopbiM OT poacAeHHH nojioHcenu KaiuiH Aoxga ji, HOno BOJie 3JIOH cyAb6Li KanjiH HHKaK He nonaAaior B KJIIOB 3THM HecqacTHWM nTHuaM
Uk <
- JIOTOC
c. ^Illcl - 3Be3Aa Apicryp; corjiacHO JiereHAe, ecjin Kanjia BOAW nonaAeT noA3TOH 3Be3Aofi BpaKOBHHy, TO npeBpamaeTca B MceMiycHHy
a.b. dlcri - KOKocoBaa nanbMac. "^T®^ - c TpecKOMd. lgtH<l d - TOT, KOMy He conyTCTByeT cyAb6a
59
b. ®( (chJei Kil,t) - OTHromeHHWH 6peMeHeM cyeT
d. HHl Hl<vU - xMejii>HOH nanHTOK 6ecneliHocTH
5 %
c. HM$ - O, Bamad
: MKJldl
C. 3 |qd - BOAOBOpOT- 6ecnoKOHCTBo
fcjsg
60
pb. HfM ~ JIOBKHH,c. cH IN^hcrH crHH i - 6ojixaiomHH see, HTO B36peaeT B rojiosy
b. °foa -c. T f cl -lchlCilTiCi - [icaic] ry6HTejibHbiH oroHL KOHija CBeTad. 'QH - ycHJTHe
- ToprauiecTBO, cneKyjwuHH, 6a3apHaa cyexa
c. 'H|<J)CllS\cb - 6jiaroe p
c, d. M^0 °H\$H\ (6axyBp.) ~ "TOT, y KOTOporo nojinocTbio ycTponeH MpaK HeBe eHna [OKOM]
MHCTOrO 3HaHHH, CHHK>IUHM 6jiarOCTHOH IIpeHCnOJIHCHHOCTblO, BO3HHKUieH OT eAHHeHHfl CBaMH"
61
c. 3"llcH*N'H - cnaceHHe AyuiH,d. <J)'H - KOJIOA U
: <=t> l fl • ~ HTO 3a npe,anpHHTHe? (T.e. CMexoTBOpnoe
c. 3iJcH<rllCl+V^ - npHCBaHBaTb, AejiaTb CBoeii co6cTBeHHOcTbiod.
TRFT
62
cf JiRir^iRnai WJ
*nfcqcl
a.b. U -Kcll - rjiyxora
CTIcTFTu (j3;eHOM.) ~ CTaHOBHTC« BJia5KHbIM OT CJlIOHbld. T WE ~ o, rope!
) - cxaHOBHTCH HeApyroM
a. "ScRT - o6i>flTbiH cTpacxfcK)d. Hr lT I I - HQHUCThlH BOOHHK)
- conepHHHaiomHH-cnoco6iB>iM BwcMe»Tb (T.e. npeBocxoAaiUHH no Kpacoxe)
63
BOJ1OCLIC. "§*? - CJIOH
Jlyiia- Tejio (6yKB.
xysp.)
a. T fqrcFT (6axyBp.) - TOT, y xoro MopcKoe nyAOBHme na3HaMeHH, KaMac. T14r1l<})Cl - cAejiaHHbiH HarHM,
^ - 6pHTbiH,d. - HOCHmHH oco6yio npHHecKy B BHAe nTH nyMKOB,
- HOCHIIHH nynoK Ha rojioBe (KaK IIlHBa), mHBaHT-oTinejiBHHK- HOCHLUHH MHCKy RJin IIOAaHHHJl H3 Hepena, 6pOAHHHH OTUieJlbHHK IUHBaHT
Tff^Tg
(PJO)
64
~ KpaymHH noJioBHHy Tejia JIIO6HMOH (HMeeTca B BHfly IIlHBa,p m B o6pa3e c IIOJIOBHHOH Tejia HCCHCKOH, T.e. cBoeii cynpyra
b. *1KHI - H36aBHBiUHHCHOTCTpacTeHJ OCBo6o>KAeHHe OT IlpHBH3aHHOCTH K MCeHlUHHaM
(6axyBp.) ~ a) no— a) MOUtHblH, 6) OCTpWH, npOH3HTeJIbHI>IH
- a) rojioAHtifi,b. mcriM^Kt (6axyBp.) - a)TeMHbm (KaK JIOTOC), 6) cHaiomnn KaK ro;iy6oH JIOTOCc.d.
T: II
- a) yGpanHWH B npH ecKy H yKpauieHHMH, 6) cMHpeHHbiH,- a) yxo, 6) CBflmeHHtie Be bi
- a) 6ejibiH OT npHpo/jw, 6) HHCTWH OT npHpo fci- a) 3y6, 6) 6paxMaH(H(tt3) - a) ceMHyxcHHa, 6) ocBoSoac eHHbiH, flocTHrniHH AyxoBHoro ocBo6o3KAeiiHH
65
"T^cTTt
( T )KOMMeHTapHH!
~ CHJIbHblH JIHBeHb#pO3KL OT XOJlOa
- ycipaHHioiuHH ycTaJiocn,, B03HHKiuyio nocjie JIK>6OBHLIX Ha
a. "TU TS - KpauienbiH, UBCTHOHb. S 'HI* - Macjio JVIH TeJiad.- cil Qiic^crl 4! - 6eTejieBbitt opex, aasepHyTbiH B 6eTejieBbiH JIHCT
"RFT: f t f ^K "
- pacTpeni>iBaioinHHMypauiKH
- H3#aiOIUHH CHJIbHbie B3AOXH
66
~ KycaiomHH- 3HMHHH [
2.1.8. MeTpw M3 nnajm&TH ojinoro cjiora.
H3 ppajm&m OAHOTC) cuora, AOcraTOHHO pe^KHe B
H3BecTHbi noA o6mnM Ha3BaHHeM npaKpumu. YBxapTpHxapH BCTpenaeTCH TOJB>KO o^Ha pa3HOBH#HOCTt - cpaadxapa.
II
I N I I IS
aparoqeHHWH MHHepaji JiasypHT- KyHMcyTHaa noxjie6Ka
- epeBo c MoryMHMH KopHaMH- c uejifcio, ZCJI- KaM(J)opHoe .aepeBo
npoco,
^fg^FTT:
( s y )
67
XHTpOCTbI - HeAOB
~ KOpo6, KOp3HHa
^RTI:
noBepxHocTt- JIOKOH~ TOMHLIH B3OX(6axyBp.) ~ [rpyAfc], c KOTOPOH copBaHa Ko4)TOHKa
iiotfBJieiiHe MypauieK
( e, io6Kad. ftd - cJiaAOCTpacTHWH JIK>6OBHHK
2.2. Merpi>i c ncpaBiiOMCpni>iMii
C3HCKPHTCKHX CHJUia6HHeCKHX pa3MepOBHepaBHOMepHyio CTpyicrypy nad. ^ame Bcero B Taioix MerpaxHepaBHOMepHti neTHbie H HeneTHbie nadu. CaMBiii pacnpocTpaHeHHtra H3TaKHX pa3MepOB, eaitmanm, Mbi Haxo#HM y BxapTpHxapH.
68
Tf (HeneTHbie
b. 'HrAdiH iHlldi ~ TOTOBMH npHHKTb jio cHyio TOHKV 3peHH*i, jibCTeud. 3iM[^a - corSeHHbiH
2.3. MeTpwHecKHe pa3\iepi>i.
CaMwe pacnpocTpaHeHHwe MexpHwecKHe pa3Mepw 3TO apbx H zumu.B pa3Mepe apb% 1-a H 3-n nadu HMeiOT no 12 Mamp, 2-a wada - IS Mamp, 4-H
- 15 Mamp (c ije3ypOH nocne Bropoii eaubi), B 2wmw CTpyiaypa: 1-a H 3-H nadu - no 12 Mamp, 2-H H 4-n - no 18 Mamp.
aanu MOiyr HMeTb JHO6OH PHTM (^sa AOJDTHX, nerbipenjnoc ABa KpaTKHx HJIH Asa KpaTKHx njnoc AOJirHH), HO
KpaTKHH+AOJirHH+KpaTKHH. MeTHbie 5KC ZaUbl TaiOKe MOryT 6WTB 3IK)6bIMH,HO npeAnOMTHTeJILHeH KpaTKHH+AOJirHH+KpaTKHH.
IIocjieAHHH B A^HHOM pa3ACJie pa3Mep, nadaKyjiam, npeAcraBjifleTCO6OH pa3HOBHAHOCTJ> MCTpHHeCKHX CTpO ), B KOTOpWX BCe HCTLipe nadblHMeiOT no 16 Mamp HJIH no 4 zanu. TaKHe MeTpbi Ha3WBaiOTCHMampacoMaKa.
69
b.c. T5 - njiyr
*T2 - npHCJi^ t b — pa6
d. rT;8
- KJieBeTHHK
sfq w f s fq
70
a. ^ TORTR F - o6ManbiBaiomHH H ce6a, H /jpyrax
s fq WVR: wti
( T )KoMC. 1 W2cf - pa3pO3HeHHLIH,
: ^RT:
d. jcmrJ(CJ - nonaBiDHH B 6ejxy
I I ^^ ii
: I
a. IIHclcfr !H (6axyBp.) - a) B KOTOPOM BCH {npHpo a] nanojiHena JIK)6OBLIO, 6)CTpaCTLIOb. f Ff RHd ilCllH^ lP^T (6axyBp.) - a) 6jiaroioxaK)mHH pacnycxHBmHMHcaacacMHHa, 6) 6jiaroyxaK>mHH KaK pacuBeTUiHH 6yTOH cacMHHac. H ilfcR ~ a) Tyna, 6) KencKaa rpy b
71
nPHJIO3KEHHE: Onpe#ejinTejii>pa iMepoii (no B.AnTe).
kanya
pankti
tanumadhya
(tanumadhyama)
vidyullekha (vani)
sasivadana
somaraji
kumarlalita
madalekha
madhumatl
sloka
gajagati
pramanika
manavaka
vidyunmala (van!)
samanika
bhujagasisubhrta
bhujangasangata
manimadhya
tvaritagati
matta
rukmavati
4 uajxiA no 4 cjiora
4 iinjxiA no 5 cjioroe^TfTf4 na;»>i no 6 CJIOI OB
4 na/n>i no 7 cjioroe
4 nanbi no 8 cnoroBFlepBbie qeTbipe cjiora npoH3BOJibHbi, 5-H cjiorKpaTKHH, 6-H cuor AOJirHH, 7-H cjior flpnruii BHeqeTHbix na^ax H KpaTKHH B neTHbix, 8-H ~npOH3BOJlbHbIH
"T cf ?T "T, TcfefT
4 na/u>i no 9 cjioros
no 10 cjioroB
72
(campakamaia)
indravajraupendravajraupajati
dodhakabhramaravilasitarathoddhatavartormlsalinlsvagata
indravamsa
candravartmajaladharamalajaloddhatagatitamarasatotakadrutavilambitaprabha (inandakini)pramitaksara
bhujangaprayata
manimalamalati (yamuna)
vamsasthavila(vamsastha,vamsastanita)vaisvadevisragvini
4 na/ju>i no 11 cjioroo
pa3Mep H3 AByx Bbimenepe-HHCJieHHWx.CTpyicrypa TaKaH >Ke, HO nepBbiH an or npOH3BOJibHbiH,HO He MO?KeT 6biTb Bcer a KpaTKHM nnu
E[oAo6Hoe cMeiueHHe ^pyrax ^eyxHa3bmaeTc.H upajati, HanpHMep,
vanisastha H indravamsa.
4 na/if>i no 12 cjioroe
, ef T eT
Tf f Tf Tf Q? T
73
4 iia/n>i no 13 cjioroekalahamsa
ksama (candrika,
utpalini)
praharsim
manjubhasinl
(sunandini,
prabodhita)
mattamayurl
rucira (prabhavatl)
aparajita
asambadha
pathya (man jar i)
pramada (krkariruta)
praharanakalika
madhyaksama
(haipsasyeni, kiitila)
vasantatilaka
(vasantatilaka,
uddharsini,
simhotinata)
vasantl
tunaka
ma lini
lilakhela
sasikala
citra
pancacamara
vanini
citralekha (alisayini)
nardataka (kokilaka)
no 14 cjioroB
no 15 cjioroo
!, n eT TT cT T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T7T
no 16 cjioroo
4 naj*i>i no 17 cjioroB
74
4 iuijii>i no 18 cjioroe
4 na;u»i no 19 cjioroe
prthvi
mandakranta
vamsapattrapatita
sikharlni
harinl
kusiimalatavellita
citralekha
nandana
naraca (mahamalika,
mahamalini)
sardulaialita
meghavisphurjita
sardulavikridita
sumadhura
surasa
gitika
suvadana
pahcakavall (sarasi,
dhrtasri)
sragdhara
hamsi
adritanaya
tanvl
krauncapada
bhujangavijhrmbhitaPa3Mepi>i c iicpaBiioMepni>iMi{
aparavaktra Hene-rawe na^u:
4 na/ji>i no 20 cjioroe
7T7T7T7T 7T7T,4 na;ii>i no 21 cjiory
TT 7J Tf 77 7J Tf
4 na/ibi no 22 criora7I7T7T7T7T7T7T7T,
4 ii a AM no 23 cnoraQTeTef f7?^7! ^^7!,
4 luviM no 24 cnoraT7!7!, f eT oT eT cT eT n,
4 na;ii>i no 25 cnoroeTT7?, 7T ^7T7T,cTQ:r?
4 na/iM no 26 cjioroB
7J f 7J TJ 7T 7|
75
(vaitalrya) HeTHbieupacitra Heneffiwe na^w:
HeTHbie na Lf: *I rf <?T T ef eT T.ef c?f .T puspitagra neMcrHbie na^w: f eT ef r ef cf 7T cf T QT ^JI
(aupacchandasika) HeTHbie na^bl:
viyogini (vaitaliya, iieMeTuwe na#t>i:sundarl) weTHbie naflw:
vegavati HeneTHbie na^u:HeTHbie
harinapluta HeneTHbie
udgata 1 -ana^a:2-iina^a:3-
