cailfornia supreme court ruling on sergio garcia

8/13/2019 Cailfornia Supreme Court ruling on Sergio Garcia

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-ndo -mented immi+r"nt m"& (e "dmitted to the St"te !"r is "n iss-e th"t h"s not

re*io-sl& (een "ddressed or de ided (& this o-rt. Be iss-ed "n order to sho'

"-se in this m"tter to "ddress the ,-estion.

O-r order to sho' "-se re,-ested (rie in+ on " n-m(er o iss-es r"ised (&

the Committee s motion to "dmit G"r i" to the St"te !"r in l-din+ the ro er

inter ret"tion o " eder"l st"t-te % se tion 1@21 o title : o the nited St"tes

Code $here" ter se tion 1@21) % th"t +ener"ll& restri ts "n -ndo -mented

immi+r"nt s eli+i(ilit& to o(t"in " ro ession"l li ense (-t th"t "lso ont"ins "

s-(se tion e# ressl& "-thori6in+ " st"te to render "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt

eli+i(le to o(t"in s- h " ro ession"l li ense thro-+h the en" tment o " st"te l"'meetin+ s e i ied re,-irements. er& shortl& " ter 'e held or"l "r+-ment in this

m"tter the C"li orni" 8e+isl"t-re en" ted " st"t-te th"t '"s intended to s"tis & this

"s e t o se tion 1@21 "nd the Go*ernor si+ned th"t le+isl"tion into l"'. $!-s. D

ro . Code ? @0@4 s-(d. $()> St"ts. 201; h. 5 ; ? 1 en" tin+ Assem. !ill

o. 1024 $201; 2014 Re+. Sess.) "s "mended Se t. @ 201;.) The ne' le+isl"tion

(e "me e e ti*e on "n-"r& 1 2014.

In li+ht o the re entl& en" ted st"te le+isl"tion 'e on l-de th"t the

Committee s motion to "dmit G"r i" to the St"te !"r sho-ld (e +r"nted. The ne'

le+isl"tion remo*es "n& otenti"l st"t-tor& o(st" le to G"r i" s "dmission osed

(& se tion 1@21 "nd there is no other eder"l st"t-te th"t -r orts to re l-de "

st"te rom +r"ntin+ " li ense to r" ti e l"' to "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt. The

ne' st"t-te "lso re le ts th"t the 8e+isl"t-re "nd the Go*ernor h"*e on l-ded th"t

the "dmission o "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt 'ho h"s met "ll the ,-"li i "tions

or "dmission to the St"te !"r is -ll& onsistent 'ith this st"te s -(li oli &

*is".3 $H-r6(on Immi+r"tion 8"' So-r e(oo7 $1;th ed. 2012) . 59> see :.S.C. ? 1101$") $15)$A) $ )


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"nd "s this o inion e# l"ins 'e ind no ("sis to dis"+ree 'ith th"t on l-sion.

Fin"ll& 'e "+ree 'ith the Committee s determin"tion th"t G"r i" ossesses the

re,-isite +ood mor"l h"r" ter to '"rr"nt "dmission to the St"te !"r "nd -rs-"nt

to o-r onstit-tion"l "-thorit& +r"nt the Committee s motion to "dmit G"r i" to

the St"te !"r.

I. Summary of Facts and State ar Proceed!n"s

The re ord (e ore -s indi "tes th"t " li "nt G"r i" '"s (orn in ill"

imene6 e#i o on "r h 1 19 . Bhen he '"s 1 months old his "rents

(ro-+ht him to C"li orni" 'itho-t ins e tion or do -ment"tion (& immi+r"tion

o i i"ls. Je li*ed in C"li orni" -ntil 19:@ $'hen he '"s nine &e"rs old) "nd thenhe "nd his "rents mo*ed (" 7 to e#i o. In 1994 'hen G"r i" '"s 1 &e"rs

old he "nd his "rents ret-rned to C"li orni"> "+"in G"r i" entered the o-ntr&

'itho-t do -ment"tion. At th"t time G"r i" s "ther h"d o(t"ined l"' -l

erm"nent resident st"t-s in the nited St"tes -rs-"nt to eder"l immi+r"tion l"'

"nd on o*em(er 1: 1994 his "ther iled "n immi+r"tion *is" etition $ orm I

1;0 < etition or "lien rel"ti*e=) on G"r i" s (eh"l . # The etition '"s " e ted (&

eder"l immi+r"tion o i i"ls on "n-"r& ;1 1995. nder eder"l immi+r"tion

l"' the *is" etition ro*ides G"r i" 'ith " ("sis to " l& or "d -stment o his

immi+r"tion st"t-s to th"t o " l"' -l erm"nent resident 'hen "n immi+r"nt *is"

n-m(er (e omes "*"il"(le. nder -rrent ro*isions o eder"l immi+r"tion l"'

ho'e*er the n-m(er o "*"il"(le immi+r"nt *is"s th"t m"& (e iss-ed e" h &e"r is

limited "nd is ("sed - on "n " li "nt s o-ntr& o ori+in. !e "-se the -rrent

(" 7lo+ o ersons o e#i "n ori+in 'ho "re see7in+ immi+r"nt *is"s is so l"r+e

# G"r i" s "ther (e "me " nited St"tes iti6en on A-+-st 11 1999 " terG"r i" h"d t-rned 1: &e"rs old.

;


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"s o the d"te o this o inion % more th"n 19 &e"rs " ter G"r i" s *is" etition '"s

iled % " *is" n-m(er still h"s not (e ome "*"il"(le or G"r i". $

G"r i" h"s resided in C"li orni" 'itho-t interr- tion sin e 1994. K-rin+

this eriod o time he +r"d-"ted rom hi+h s hool "ttended !-tte Colle+e

C"li orni" St"te ni*ersit& "t Chi o "nd C"l orthern S hool o 8"'. Je

re ei*ed his l"' de+ree rom C"l orthern S hool o 8"' in "& 2009 "nd too7

"nd "ssed the -l& 2009 C"li orni" ("r e#"min"tion.

In res onse to ,-estions on the St"te !"r s " li "tion or determin"tion o

mor"l h"r" ter G"r i" indi "ted th"t he is not " nited St"tes iti6en "nd th"t his

immi+r"tion st"t-s is endin+.3 % The Committee ond- ted "n e#tensi*e

$The -rrent nited St"tes Citi6enshi "nd Immi+r"tion Ser*i es $ SCIS) Be(site e# l"insL SCIS ro esses Form I 1;0 etition or Alien Rel"ti*e "s " *is"n-m(er (e omes "*"il"(le. Filin+ "nd " ro*"l o "n I 1;0 is onl& the irst ste inhel in+ " rel"ti*e immi+r"te to the nited St"tes. Eli+i(le "mil& mem(ers m-st'"it -ntil there is " *is" n-m(er "*"il"(le (e ore the& "n " l& or "n immi+r"nt*is" or "d -stment o st"t-s to " l"' -l erm"nent resident.3$Mhtt L//'''.-s is.+o*/i 1;0N


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in*esti+"tion o G"r i" s (" 7+ro-nd em lo&ment histor& "nd "st " ti*ities

re ei*ed n-mero-s re eren e letters s- ortin+ G"r i" s " li "tion "nd "ttestin+

to his o-tst"ndin+ mor"l h"r" ter "nd si+ni i "nt ontri(-tions to the omm-nit&

"nd -ltim"tel& determined th"t G"r i" ossessed the re,-isite +ood mor"l

h"r" ter to ,-"li & or "dmission to the St"te !"r. &

rom ne' " li "nts in 200:.

& The Committee s in*esti+"tion est"(lishes th"t G"r i" is " 'ell res e tedh"rd 'or7in+ t"# "&in+ indi*id-"l 'ho h"s "ssisted m"n& others "nd 'hose" li "tion is s- orted (& m"n& mem(ers o the omm-nit& (& "st te" hers"nd (& those or 'hom he h"s 'or7ed (-t the re ord "lso re*e"ls th"t G"r i" s

ond- t h"s not (een entirel& l"'less.Shortl& " ter ret-rnin+ to this o-ntr& "t "+e 1 G"r i" o(t"ined "

non "&in+ osition in " +ro er& store "s "rt o " s hool 'or7 tr"inin+ ro+r"m.A ter se*er"l months the store m"n"+er "s7ed G"r i" i he 'o-ld li7e to ontin-e'or7in+ "t the store in " "id osition. As "rt o the hirin+ ro ess h"*in+initi"ll& ro*ided his s hool identi i "tion "rd "nd So i"l Se -rit& n-m(erG"r i" '"s "s7ed se*er"l d"&s l"ter to ill o-t "n "ddition"l em lo&ment orm> onth"t orm G"r i" ro*ided " "lse "lien re+istr"tion n-m(er3 "nd "lsel& "ttestedth"t he '"s " l"' -l erm"nent resident. Altho-+h he did not remem(er the

ontents o the orm 'hen irst "s7ed "(o-t his +ro er& store em lo&ment d-rin+the Committee s mor"l h"r" ter in*esti+"tion G"r i" there" ter 'ent to the+ro er& store st" dis o*ered the do -ment in ,-estion "nd immedi"tel& +"*e itto his "ttorne& 'ho '"s re resentin+ him on " ro (ono ("sis. On his "ttorne& s"d*i e G"r i" did not immedi"tel& ro*ide the do -ment to the Committee $on thetheor& th"t dis los-re '"s not ne ess"r& (e "-se it did not re resh G"r i" sre olle tion)> there" ter the "ttorne& ro*ided the do -ment to the Committeee# li itl& " 7no'led+ed th"t she h"d (een 'ron+ in "d*isin+ G"r i" th"tdis los-re '"s not ne ess"r& "nd re,-ested th"t the Committee not hold "+"instG"r i" the " t th"t he h"d ollo'ed o-nsel s "d*i e. Bhen ,-estioned (& the

Committee on ernin+ his ro*ision o " "lse "lien re+istr"tion n-m(er "nd "lse"ttest"tion on the em lo&ment orm G"r i" " 7no'led+ed the 'ron+ -lness o hisond- t (-t e# l"ined th"t "t the time he si+ned the do -ment he '"s &o-n+ h"d

"n im er e t om rehension o En+lish "nd h"d "ni 7ed3 'hen "s7ed toom lete the orm. Je em h"si6ed th"t he h"d ne*er s-(se,-entl& si+ned "

simil"r do -ment "nd 'o-ld not si+n " simil"r do -ment "t resent. TheCommittee (elie*ed th"t G"r i" '"s sin erel& remorse -l or his "st mis ond- t"nd th"t his del"& in dis losin+ the do -ment '"s " rod- t o his reli"n e - on

5


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There" ter in onne tion 'ith its motion s-(mittin+ G"r i" s n"me to this

o-rt or "dmission to the St"te !"r the Committee (ro-+ht to this o-rt s

"ttention the " t th"t G"r i" does not h"*e le+"l immi+r"tion st"t-s in the nited

St"tes3 "nd noted th"t to its 7no'led+e this is " "se o irst im ression "s 'e

"re not "'"re o "n& other -risdi tion th"t h"s e*er 7no'in+l& "dmitted "n

-ndo -mented "lien to the r" ti e o l"'.3 The Committee "lso ointed o-t th"t

there "re "ddition"l " li "nts -rrentl& 'or7in+ their '"& thro-+h the "dmissions

ro ess 'ith simil"r immi+r"tion iss-es.3 '

In res onse to the Committee s motion 'e iss-ed "n order dire tin+ the

Committee to sho' "-se (e ore this o-rt 'h& its motion or "dmission o

the erroneo-s "d*i e o o-nsel "nd on l-ded th"t -nder the ir -mst"n es theond- t did not re le t mor"l t-r it-de.

The re ord "lso re*e"ls th"t G"r i" '"s on e ited or dri*in+ 'itho-t "li ense or ins-r"n e $"n in r" tion) "id the ine sto ed dri*in+ "nd there" terso-+ht "nd -ltim"tel& o(t"ined " dri*er s li ense in Ore+on. At the time Ore+ondid not re,-ire roo o l"' -l residen & (-t did re,-ire " si# month residen &

eriod> G"r i" li*ed 'ith rel"ti*es in Ore+on or some eriod o time (-t it is notentirel& le"r rom the re ord 'hether he " t-"ll& resided in Ore+on or " -ll si#months (e ore o(t"inin+ the li ense. The Committee o-nd th"t G"r i" o(t"inedthe Ore+on dri*er s li ense in +ood "ith h"*in+ " s-( e ti*e (elie th"t he met theOre+on residen & re,-irements.

As e# l"ined the Committee in*esti+"ted these m"tters "t len+th. Itdetermined th"t none o these in idents im -+ns G"r i" s +ood mor"l h"r" ter"nd th"t the re ord "s " 'hole est"(lishes th"t G"r i" ossesses the re,-isite +oodmor"l h"r" ter to '"rr"nt "dmission to the St"te !"r.

' Bhile this m"tter '"s endin+ (e ore o-r o-rt the Committee s-(mittedthe n"mes o t'o other -ndo -mented immi+r"nt " li "nts or "dmission to the

St"te !"r. $See In re Elizabeth Y. De la Torre Arambula on Admission $S20:@55)> In re Oscar Espino !adron on Admission $S20:@5@).) The ormer m"tter h"s (een held in "(e&"n e endin+ the resol-tion o the -rrent m"tter. In the l"tterm"tter - on noti i "tion th"t the " li "nt '"s +r"nted "s&l-m (& eder"limmi+r"tion "-thorities 'hile the m"tter '"s endin+ in this o-rt 'e +r"nted theCommittee s motion to "dmit the " li "nt to r" ti e l"' in C"li orni". $See :

.S.C. ?? 1@21$")$1) 1@41$()$1)


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Ser+io C. G"r i" to the St"te !"r o C"li orni" sho-ld (e +r"nted.3 O-r order set

orth " n-m(er o iss-es to (e "ddressed in l-din+ se*er"l rel"ted to the

rele*"n e inter ret"tion "nd si+ni i "n e o the eder"l st"t-te noted e"rlier

n"mel& se tion 1@21.( In "ddition o-r order in*ited the ilin+ o " li "tions or

ermission to ile "n "mi -s -ri"e (rie either in s- ort o or o osition to the

motion "nd in "rti -l"r in*ited s- h " li "tions rom the St"te o C"li orni"

Ke "rtment o -sti e O i e o the Attorne& Gener"l "nd the nited St"tes

Ke "rtment o -sti e O i e o the Attorne& Gener"l.

In res onse to o-r order the Committee "nd G"r i" iled se "r"te (rie s in

s- ort o the motion or "dmission o G"r i" to the St"te !"r. In "ddition theC"li orni" Attorne& Gener"l "s 'ell "s " l"r+e n-m(er o or+"ni6"tions "nd

indi*id-"ls iled "mi -s -ri"e (rie s s- ortin+ the motion or G"r i" s

"dmission. ) The nited St"tes Ke "rtment o -sti e "nd t'o indi*id-"ls iled

"mi -s -ri"e (rie s in o osition to the motion. The Committee "nd G"r i" then

iled se "r"te re lies to the "mi -s -ri"e (rie s o osin+ the motion.

( The order st"ted in this re+"rdL The ollo'in+ "re "mon+ the iss-es th"tsho-ld (e (rie edL

1. Koes : .S.C. se tion


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Be held or"l "r+-ment in this m"tter on Se tem(er 4 201;. On

Se tem(er @ 201; " endin+ (ill % Assem(l& !ill o.1024 $201; 2014 Re+.

Sess.) % '"s "mended in its entiret& "nd its ontents 'ere re l" ed (& " ne'

ro*ision "ddin+ !-siness "nd ro essions Code se tion @0@4 s-(di*ision $()

$here" ter se tion @0@4$()) "-thori6in+ this o-rt to "dmit "s "n "ttorne& "t l"'

"n " li "nt 'ho is not l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes


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II. State and Federa, Aut-or!ty Re"ard!n" E,!"! !,!ty ofUndocumented Imm!"rants to O ta!n a L!cense to Pract!ce La/ !nCa,!forn!a

As " +ener"l m"tter the ,-estion 'hether "n " li "nt sho-ld (e "dmitted

to the St"te !"r "nd there(& o(t"in " li ense to r" ti e l"' in C"li orni" is

+o*erned (& st"te l"'. In C"li orni" the +ener"l re,-irements "nd st"nd"rds or

"dmission to the St"te !"r "re set orth (oth in st"t-tor& ro*isions en" ted (& the

8e+isl"t-re $!-s. D ro . Code ? @0@0 et se,.) "nd in o-rt r-les th"t "re

rom-l+"ted (& this o-rt $see e.+. C"l. R-les o Co-rt r-le 9.;0


10/36

nor t"7e rom the o-rts the ri+ht "nd d-t& o " t-"ll& m"7in+ orders "dmittin+

them.3=.)11

Altho-+h the determin"tion 'hether "n " li "nt 'ill (e "dmitted to the

St"te !"r is +ener"ll& +o*erned (& st"te l"' there "re ir -mst"n es in 'hi h the

iss-e o ("r "dmission is ontrolled (& eder"l l"'. erh" s the most o(*io-s

ir -mst"n e "rises 'hen " st"te l"' rel"tin+ to ("r "dmission ontr"*enes "

ro*ision o the nited St"tes Constit-tion. Th-s or e#"m le in 'a((aelli v.

Committee o( %ar E)aminers $19 2) C"l.;d 2:: 'e held th"t " C"li orni"

st"t-tor& ro*ision th"t limited "dmission to the St"te !"r onl& to " li "nts 'ho

'ere nited St"tes iti6ens $!-s. D ro . Code ? @0@0 ormer s-(d. $") "mended (& St"ts. 19 2 h. 12:5 ? 4.; . 2559) o-ld not (e " lied (e "-se it *iol"ted

the e,-"l rote tion l"-se o the nited St"tes Constit-tion. $ 'a((aelli* supra* "t

. 294 ;04> see "lso In re +ri((iths $19 ;) 41; .S. 1


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As rele*"nt to the iss-e resented (& this "se "st de isions o the nited

St"tes S- reme Co-rt le"rl& est"(lish th"t the eder"l +o*ernment +ener"ll& h"s

len"r& "-thorit&3 o*er m"tters rel"tin+ to immi+r"tion $in l-din+ limit"tions on

the ond- t or " ti*ities o non nited St"tes iti6ens 'ho "re resent in this

o-ntr& 'itho-t le+"l "-thori6"tion or do -ment"tion) "nd th"t ro*isions o

eder"l l"' rel"tin+ to immi+r"tion re*"il o*er "n& on li tin+ st"te l"'. $See

e.+. Arizona v. ,nited -tates $2012) 5@ .S. ___ ___ Takahashi v. 0ish Comm$n. $194:) ;;4 .S. 410 419> "ines v. Davidowitz

$1941) ;12 .S. 52 @2 4.) A ordin+l& e*en 'ith res e t to m"tters th"t

ordin"ril& "nd histori "ll& "re "n " ro ri"te s-( e t o st"te re+-l"tion % s- h "s" st"te s +r"ntin+ or deni"l o " li ense to r" ti e l"' in the st"te % 'hen the

eder"l +o*ernment h"s en" ted " l"' restri tin+ the ri+ht o " non nited St"tes

iti6en to o(t"in s- h " ro ession"l li ense -nder the s- rem" & l"-se the

" li "(le eder"l st"t-te 'ill ne ess"ril& t"7e re eden e "nd re*"il o*er "n&

on li tin+ st"te l"'. $ Arizona v. ,nited -tates supra "t . ___


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III. 0oes t-e Federa, Statute T-at L!m!ts an UndocumentedImm!"rant s E,!"! !,!ty to O ta!n a State23ro4!ded Profess!ona,L!cense 5 Sect!on 1'#1 5 Restr!ct 6arc!a s E,!"! !,!ty to O ta!n aL!cense to Pract!ce La/ !n Ca,!forn!a7

Se tion 1@21 '"s en" ted (& Con+ress in 199@ "s "rt o the erson"l

Res onsi(ilit& "nd Bor7 O ort-nit& Re on ili"tion A t o 199@ $ -(.8.

o. 104 19; $A-+. 21 199@) 110 St"t. 2105) $here" ter 199@ A t) " len+th&

le+isl"ti*e me"s-re % om(inin+ "nd re*isin+ ro*isions ont"ined in n-mero-s

(ills th"t h"d (een introd- ed "nd onsidered in rior on+ression"l sessions %

th"t '"s rim"ril& on erned 'ith om rehensi*e 'el "re re orm. The 199@ A t

im osed "ddition"l 'or7 re,-irements on re i ients o eder"l 'el "re (ene its

"nd m"de other *er& si+ni i "nt h"n+es to " 'ide r"n+e o eder"l ro+r"ms

de"lin+ 'ith or e#"m le S- lement"l Se -rit& In ome ood st"m s hild

s- ort "&ments hild "re hild n-trition "nd o( tr"inin+. The 199@ A t

in l-des o*er 900 se tions "nd "s -(lished in the nited St"tes St"t-tes "t 8"r+e

r-ns more th"n 250 "+es. $110 St"t. 2105 2;55.) Se tion 1@21 the st"t-tor&

ro*ision "t iss-e here is ont"ined in title I o the 199@ A t " "rt o the " tentitled Restri tin+ Bel "re "nd -(li !ene its or Aliens.3

A. O4er4!e/ of t-e ,an"ua"e of sect!on 1'#1

1. Section 1621(a)

Se tion 1@21$") ro*idesL ot'ithst"ndin+ "n& other ro*ision o l"' "nd

e# e t "s ro*ided in s-(se tions $() "nd $d) o this se tion "n "lien 'ho is not %


13/36

nonimmi+r"nt -nder the Immi+r"tion "nd "tion"lit& A t


14/36

" ro*ed in -(li 8"' 99 2;9 or 99 @5: $or " s- essor ro*ision) is in e e t>


15/36

The e# e tion em(odied in se tion 1@21$d) on the other h"nd is dire tl&

rele*"nt to the iss-e (e ore -s. Se tion 1@21$d) ro*ides in -llL A St"te m"&

ro*ide th"t "n "lien 'ho is not l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes is eli+i(le or

"n& St"te or lo "l -(li (ene it or 'hi h s- h "lien 'o-ld other'ise (e

ineli+i(le -nder s-(se tion $") o this se tion onl& thro-+h the en" tment o "

St"te l"' " ter A-+-st 22 199@ 'hi h " irm"ti*el& ro*ides or s- h eli+i(ilit&.3

The Committee "nd G"r i" m"int"in th"t the re ent le+isl"tion "ssed (&

the C"li orni" 8e+isl"t-re "nd si+ned (& the Go*ernor en" tin+ se tion @0@4$()

s"tis ies the eder"l re,-irements set orth in se tion 1@21$d) "nd th-s remo*es "n&

o(st" le this eder"l st"t-te 'o-ld other'ise ose to this o-rt s "dmission oG"r i" to the St"te !"r. As dis -ssed (elo' 'e "+ree 'ith this ontention.

. Has Ca,!forn!a enacted a ,a/ aff!rmat!4e,y 3ro4!d!n" t-at undocumented !mm!"rants are e,!"! ,e to o ta!n a 3rofess!ona,

,!cense to 3ract!ce ,a/ !n Ca,!forn!a so as to sat!sfy t-ere:u!rements of sect!on 1'#1;d


16/36

to render "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt ineli+i(le to o(t"in " li ense to r" ti e l"'

in C"li orni". The Committee "nd G"r i" "r+-ed th"t the irst l"-se o se tion

1@21$ )$1)$A) % re errin+ to "n& ro ession"l li ense ro*ided (& "n "+en & o "

St"te or lo "l +o*ernment3 % " lies onl& to " ro ession"l li ense th"t is iss-ed

(& " st"te or lo "l administrative "+en & "nd does not " l& to " l"' li ense th"t is

iss-ed (& this o-rt. The Committee "nd G"r i" "sserted th"t the se ond l"-se o

se tion 1@21$ )$1)$A) % re errin+ to -(li (ene its ro*ided (& " ro ri"ted

-nds o " St"te . . . +o*ernment3 % is in" li "(le to this o-rt s iss-"n e o "

l"' li ense either (e "-se the "mo-nt o -nds e# ended (& this o-rt in the ("r

"dmission ro ess sho-ld (e onsidered de minimis3 or (e "-se the l"-sesho-ld (e inter reted to re er onl& to -(li (ene its th"t in*ol*e the "&ment o

mone& or -nds to -ndo -mented immi+r"nts "nd not to the iss-"n e o " li ense

to r" ti e l"'.

In li+ht o the re ent en" tment o C"li orni" s se tion @0@4$() 'e need not

determine the *"lidit& o the "rties ontentions 'ith re+"rd to the ro er

inter ret"tion o se tion 1@21$ )$1)$A). nder se tion 1@21$d) the restri tions

im osed - on -ndo -mented immi+r"nts (& se tion 1@21$") "nd 1@21$ )$1)$A)

"re in" li "(le i " st"te en" ts " l"' th"t $1) renders -ndo -mented immi+r"nts

eli+i(le or " -(li (ene it th"t -ndo -mented immi+r"nts 'o-ld other'ise (e

ineli+i(le to o(t"in -nder se tion 1@21$") "nd se tion 1@21$ ) "nd $2) other'ise

s"tis ies the re,-irements o se tion 1@21$d). A ordin+l& 'e t-rn to the ,-estion

'hether the en" tment o se tion @0@4$() s"tis ies the re,-irements o se tion

1@21$d).

As noted se tion 1@21$d) re"ds in -llL A St"te m"& ro*ide th"t "n "lien

'ho is not l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes is eli+i(le or "n& St"te or lo "l

-(li (ene it or 'hi h s- h "lien 'o-ld other'ise (e ineli+i(le -nder s-(se tion

$") o this se tion onl& thro-+h the en" tment o " St"te l"' " ter A-+-st 22 199@

1@


17/36


18/36


19/36

A-+-st 22 199@. Se ond (& e# li itl& "-thori6in+ " ("r " li "nt 'ho is not

l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes3 to o(t"in " l"' li ense the st"t-te e# ressl&

st"tes th"t it " lies to -ndo -mented immi+r"nts % r"ther th"n on errin+ "

(ene it +ener"ll& 'itho-t s e i &in+ th"t its (ene i i"ries m"& in l-de

-ndo -mented immi+r"nts % "nd th-s " irm"ti*el& ro*ides3 th"t

-ndo -mented immi+r"nts m"& o(t"in s- h " ro ession"l li ense so "s to s"tis &

the re,-irements o se tion 1@21$d). $ Martinez supra 50 C"l.4th "t . 1295.)

A ordin+l& on e se tion @0@4$() too7 e e t on "n-"r& 1 2014 this en" tment

remo*ed "n& o(st" le to G"r i" s "dmission to the St"te !"r th"t '"s osed (&

se tion 1@21$") "nd 1@21$ )$1)$A).The "rties "nd "mi i -ri"e h"*e not ited "nd 'e "re -n"'"re o "n&

other eder"l st"t-te th"t 'o-ld render "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt ineli+i(le to

o(t"in " li ense to r" ti e l"' in C"li orni".

I=. Are T-ere Reasons> Under State La/> T-at t-e Comm!ttee sMot!on to Adm!t 6arc!a to t-e State ar S-ou,d e 0en!ed7

Se tion @0@4$() s remo*"l o "n& eder"l st"t-tor& ("rrier to G"r i" s"dmission to the St"te !"r osed (& se tion 1@21 does not -ll& resol*e the le+"l

iss-es resented (& the Committee s motion to "dmit G"r i" to the St"te !"r. Be

m-st still determine $1) 'hether there is "n& re"son as a matter o( state law 'h&

-ndo -mented immi+r"nts in +ener"l sho-ld not (e "dmitted to the St"te !"r "nd

$2) 'hether there is "n& re"son s e i i to G"r i" himsel th"t he sho-ld not (e

"dmitted to the St"te !"r.

A. Is t-ere any reason> under state ,a/> t-at undocumented!mm!"rants> as a c,ass or "rou3> s-ou,d not e adm!tted to t-e State

ar7

Se tion @0@4$() re le ts th"t the 8e+isl"t-re "nd the Go*ernor h"*e

on l-ded th"t there is no st"te l"' or st"te -(li oli & th"t 'o-ld -sti &

19


20/36

den&in+ ,-"li ied -ndo -mented immi+r"nts "s " l"ss the o ort-nit& to o(t"in

"dmission to the St"te !"r. As dis -ssed e"rlier in this o inion ho'e*er rior

de isions o this o-rt m"7e le"r th"t this o-rt r"ther th"n the 8e+isl"t-re or

Go*ernor ossesses the -ltim"te "-thorit& "nd (e"rs the -ltim"te res onsi(ilit&

to resol*e ,-estions o +ener"l oli & rel"tin+ to "dmission to the St"te !"r. $See

e.+. "ustedt v. #orkers$ Comp. Appeals %d. supra ;0 C"l.;d ;29 ;;@ ;; > In re

&avine supra 2 C"l.2d ;24 ;2 ;;;> %r don/ack v. -tate %ar* supra 20: C"l.

4;9 442 44@.) onetheless in e*"l-"tin+ the rele*"nt onsider"tions o st"te

-(li oli & in this settin+ 'e (elie*e it is " ro ri"te to +i*e d-e res e t to the

-d+ment o the 8e+isl"t-re "nd the Go*ernor "s re le ted in the re ent en" tmento se tion @0@4$(). $See e.+. "ustedt v. #orkers$ Comp. Appeals %d. "t . ;;

;;:> In re Attorne Discipline - stem $199:) 19 C"l.4th 5:2 @02 @0;.)

One o the "mi -s -ri"e (rie s iled in o osition to G"r i" s "dmission to

the St"te !"r "d*"n es " n-m(er o oli & o( e tions th"t otenti"ll& 'o-ld " l&

to the "dmission o "n& -ndo -mented immi+r"nt to the St"te !"r. 1& The

o( e tions rel"te to t'o ir -mst"n esL $1) the " t th"t -nder eder"l l"'

-ndo -mented immi+r"nts "re not l"' -ll& "-thori6ed to (e resent in this

o-ntr& "nd $2) the restri tions th"t eder"l l"' im oses - on the em lo&ment o

-ndo -mented immi+r"nts in the nited St"tes. Be dis -ss e" h o these s-( e ts

in t-rn.

1. Unlawful presence

Ami -s -ri"e ontends th"t (e "-se "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt is in

*iol"tion o eder"l immi+r"tion l"' sim l& (& (ein+ resent in this o-ntr&

1& In his "mi -s -ri"e (rie Attorne& 8"rr& KeSh" des ri(es himsel "s "retired ormer rose -tor or the St"te !"r o C"li orni"3 'ho h"s more th"n 12&e"rs e# erien e in rote tin+ the -(li rom "ttorne& mis ond- t . . .


21/36

'itho-t "-thori6"tion $: .S.C. ?? 11:2 122 ) "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt

"nnot ro erl& t"7e the o"th o o i e re,-ired o e*er& "ttorne& 'hi h re,-ires

the indi*id-"l to romise to Q "ith -ll& . . . dis h"r+e


22/36

re*ent the indi*id-"l rom t"7in+ "n o"th romisin+ "ith -ll& to dis h"r+e the

d-t& to s- ort the Constit-tion "nd l"'s o the nited St"tes "nd C"li orni".

Altho-+h "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt s resen e in this o-ntr& is -nl"' -l "nd

"n res-lt in " *"riet& o civil sanctions -nder eder"l immi+r"tion l"' $s- h "s

remo*"l rom the o-ntr& or deni"l o " desired "d -stment in immi+r"tion st"t-s)

$: .S.C. ?? 122 $")$1)$!) 1255$i)) "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt s -n"-thori6ed

resen e does not onstit-te " criminal o((ense -nder eder"l l"' "nd th-s is not

s-( e t to rimin"l s"n tions. oreo*er eder"l l"' +r"nts eder"l immi+r"tion

o i i"ls (ro"d dis retion in determinin+ -nder 'h"t ir -mst"n es to see7 to

im ose i*il s"n tions - on "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt "nd in determinin+ 'h"ts"n tions to -rs-e. $See e.+. Arizona v. ,nited -tates supra 5@ .S. ___ ___


23/36

#. Employment restrictions

Ami -s -ri"e -rther ontends th"t it 'o-ld (e im ro er to +r"nt " l"'

li ense to "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt in li+ht o the restri tions eder"l l"'

l" es on the l"' -l em lo&ment o -ndo -mented immi+r"nts in the nited

St"tes.

In res onse to ,-estions osed in o-r order to sho' "-se in this m"tter

$see ante "t . n. ) in the initi"l ro-nd o (rie in+ the Committee G"r i" "nd

m"n& "mi i -ri"e in l-din+ the nited St"tes Ke "rtment o -sti e "nd the

C"li orni" Attorne& Gener"l dis -ssed the restri tions th"t eder"l l"' im oses

- on the em lo&ment o -ndo -mented immi+r"nts. All o the (rie s "+ree th"te*en i "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt is +r"nted " li ense to r" ti e l"' eder"l

l"' 'o-ld rohi(it "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt 'ho l" 7s 'or7 "-thori6"tion

rom r" ti in+ l"' "s "n em lo&ee3 o " l"' irm or or"tion or +o*ernment"l

entit&. $See : .S.C. ? 1;24"$")$1)$A).) There is "lso +ener"l "+reement th"t "

li ensed -ndo -mented immi+r"nt 'o-ld not *iol"te eder"l l"' i he or she

ro*ided le+"l ser*i es on " ro (ono ("sis or o-tside the nited St"tes. The

(rie s dis"+ree ho'e*er re+"rdin+ 'hether -nder -rrent eder"l l"' " li ensed

-ndo -mented immi+r"nt 'itho-t 'or7 "-thori6"tion o-ld l"' -ll& r" ti e l"'

in this o-ntr& "s "n inde endent ontr" tor 3 or e#"m le "s " sole r" titioner.

th"t "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt m"& (e remo*ed rom the o-ntr& "nd le"*e hisor her lients 'itho-t re resent"tion is "nother re"son th"t -sti ies the e# l-siono "ll -ndo -mented immi+r"nts rom the St"te !"r. A simil"r "r+-ment '"s

"d*"n ed in 'a((aelli v. Committee o( %ar E)aminers* supra* C"l.;d 2:: "s one -sti i "tion or e# l-din+ non nited St"tes iti6ens rom "dmission to the St"te!"r (-t this o-rt re e ted the ontention ointin+ o-t th"t the ris7 o s- hremo*"l '"s no +re"ter th"n the ossi(ilit& th"t " l"'&er e*en tho-+h " iti6enm"& (e in*ol-nt"ril& remo*ed rom his r" ti e (& de"th (& serio-s illness or" ident (& dis i lin"r& s-s ension or dis("rment or (& ons ri tion. In "n& othe l"tter ir -mst"n es the lient 'ill -nder+o the s"me in on*enien e o h"*in+to o(t"in s-(stit-te o-nsel.3 $ 'a((aelli* supra* "t . 299.)

2;


24/36

The (rie s iled (& the Committee "nd G"r i" m"int"in th"t eder"l l"' 'o-ld not

("r " li ensed -ndo -mented immi+r"nt rom re resentin+ lients "s " sole

r" titioner (-t the "mi -s -ri"e (rie iled (& the nited St"tes Ke "rtment o

-sti e st"tes th"t eder"l l"' rohi(its "n -ndo -mented immi+r"nt 'ho l" 7s

'or7 "-thori6"tion rom en+"+in+ in the r" ti e o l"' or om ens"tion in this

o-ntr& in "n& " " it& in l-din+ "s "n inde endent ontr" tor or sole

r" titioner. Ami -s -ri"e KeSh" "+rees 'ith the nited St"tes Ke "rtment o

-sti e s inter ret"tion o the " li "(le eder"l st"t-te "nd m"int"ins th"t this

o-rt sho-ld not +r"nt " l"' li ense to -ndo -mented immi+r"nts 'hen eder"l

l"' rohi(its s- h indi*id-"ls rom " t-"ll& r" ti in+ l"' in C"li orni" orom ens"tion.

The (ill "n"l&sis o the re entl& en" ted se tion @0@4$() th"t '"s re "red

or the Sen"te -di i"r& Committee 'hen it onsidered the (ill "t " he"rin+ on

Se tem(er 11 201; e# li itl& "ddressed the em lo&"(ilit& iss-e. nder the

he"din+ A(ilit& to Re resent C"li orni" Clients 3 the (ill "n"l&sis st"tesL

Indi*id-"ls not l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes 'ho "re "dmitted to the

C"li orni" St"te !"r m"& (e "-tom"ti "ll& dis,-"li ied rom re resentin+ ert"in

lients "nd t"7in+ on some t& es o "ses (e "-se o their immi+r"tion st"t-s. For

e#"m le eder"l l"' m"& re l-de "ttorne&s not l"' -ll& resent in the .S. rom

re resentin+ others in m"tters (e ore the .S. Citi6enshi "nd Immi+r"tion

Ser*i es "+en &.


25/36

dis h"r+e the d-ties o "n& "ttorne& "t l"' to the (est o his


26/36

ro er s-( e t o st"te o-rt ro eedin+s "rti -l"rl& in the onte#t o st"te

li ensin+3 "nd -r+es this o-rt not to "ttem t to resol*e "n& ,-estion "(o-t the

t& es o le+"l ser*i es th"t r. G"r i" m"& ro*ide i +r"nted " li ense.3

Se ond eder"l l"' restri tions on em lo&ment "re s-( e t to h"n+e "nd

-nder -rrent eder"l immi+r"tion oli & m"n& -ndo -mented immi+r"nts "re no'

eli+i(le to o(t"in 'or7 "-thori6"tion. nder the de erred " tion or hildhood

"rri*"ls3 oli & rom-l+"ted (& the Se ret"r& o the nited St"tes Ke "rtment o

Jomel"nd Se -rit& $Se ret"r& o Jomel"nd Se -rit&) in -ne 2012 m"n&

-ndo -mented immi+r"nts 'ho "me to this o-ntr& "s hildren "nd 'ere -nder

the "+e o ;0 'hen the ne' oli & '"s "do ted "re eli+i(le to o(t"in 'or7"-thori6"tion th"t is s-( e t to rene'"l e*er& t'o &e"rs. 1)

1) On -ne 15 2012 the Se ret"r& o Jomel"nd Se -rit& iss-ed " oli &st"tement 'ith re+"rd to the e#er ise o rose -tori"l dis retion to de er


27/36

Third "s the (ill "n"l&sis ,-oted "(o*e s-++ests e*en 'ith re+"rd to "n

-ndo -mented immi+r"nt 'ho l" 7s 'or7 "-thori6"tion "nd " es si+ni i "nt

eder"l l"' restri tions on his or her le+"l em lo&ment 'e (elie*e it 'o-ld (e

in" ro ri"te to den& " l"' li ense to s- h "n indi*id-"l on the ("sis o "n

"ss-m tion th"t he or she 'ill not om l& 'ith the e#istin+ restri tions on

em lo&ment im osed (& eder"l l"'. Consistent 'ith the ro*isions o !-siness

"nd ro essions Code se tion @0@0.@1* orei+n l"' st-dents 'ho h"*e "ssed the

C"li orni" ("r e#"min"tion "nd h"*e (een erti ied to this o-rt (& the Committee

h"*e (een "dmitted to the St"te !"r e*en tho-+h s- h indi*id-"ls m"& l" 7

"-thori6"tion to 'or7 in the nited St"tes. Altho-+h it m"& (e re"son"(le to"ss-me th"t most orei+n l"' st-dents 'hen li ensed 'ill ret-rn to their home

o-ntries to r" ti e l"' 'e rel& - on these li ensed "ttorne&s to om l& 'ith

their ethi "l o(li+"tions to " t in " ord"n e 'ith "ll " li "(le le+"l onstr"ints

"nd do not ondition or limit their l"' li enses. Be on l-de it is " ro ri"te to

tre"t ,-"li ied -ndo -mented immi+r"nts in the s"me m"nner. To the e#tent

2014=.)G"r i" is not eli+i(le or the de erred " tion ro+r"m (e "-se he '"s o*er

the "+e o ;0 'hen the oli & '"s rom-l+"ted.

1* !-siness "nd ro essions Code se tion @0@0.@ ro*idesL ot'ithst"ndin+Se tion ;0 o this ode "nd Se tion 1 520 o the F"mil& Code the Committee o!"r E#"miners m"& " e t or re+istr"tion "nd the St"te !"r m"& ro ess or "nori+in"l or rene'ed li ense to r" ti e l"' "n " li "tion rom "n indi*id-"l

ont"inin+ " eder"l t"# identi i "tion n-m(er or other " ro ri"te identi i "tionn-m(er "s determined (& the St"te !"r in lie- o " so i"l se -rit& n-m(er i the

indi*id-"l is not eli+i(le or " so i"l se -rit& " o-nt n-m(er "t the time o the" li "tion "nd is not in non om li"n e 'ith " -d+ment or order or s- ort -rs-"nt to Se tion 1 520 o the F"mil& Code.3 The le+isl"ti*e histor& o this ro*ision indi "tes th"t it '"s "do ted to ermit orei+n l"' st-dents "ttendin+C"li orni" l"' s hools to t"7e the C"li orni" ("r e#"min"tion "nd see7 "dmissionto the St"te !"r. $Sen. R-les Com. O . o Sen. Floor An"l&ses ;d re"din+"n"l&sis o Assem. !ill o. @@4 $2005 200@ Re+. Sess.) "s "mended A-+. ;12005 . ;.)

2


28/36

eder"l immi+r"tion l"' limit"tions on em lo&ment "re "m(i+-o-s or in dis -te

"s in other onte#ts in 'hi h the +o*ernin+ le+"l onstr"ints - on "n "ttorne& s

ond- t m"& (e -n ert"in 'e "ss-me th"t " li ensed -ndo -mented immi+r"nt

'ill m"7e "ll ne ess"r& in,-iries "nd t"7e " ro ri"te ste s to om l& 'ith

" li "(le le+"l restri tions "nd 'ill "d*ise otenti"l lients o "n& ossi(le

"d*erse or limitin+ e e t the "ttorne& s immi+r"tion st"t-s m"& ose.

For "ll o the ore+oin+ re"sons 'e on l-de there is no st"te l"' or st"te

-(li oli & th"t 'o-ld -sti & re l-din+ -ndo -mented immi+r"nts "s " l"ss

rom o(t"inin+ " l"' li ense in C"li orni".

. Are t-ere reasons> s3ec!f!c to a33,!cant 6arc!a> t-at t-eComm!ttee s mot!on s-ou,d e den!ed7

Fin"ll& 'e m-st determine 'hether there "re re"sons s e i i to G"r i"

himsel th"t sho-ld le"d this o-rt to den& the Committee s motion to "dmit

G"r i" to the St"te !"r.

To ,-"li & or onsider"tion or "dmission to the St"te !"r "n " li "nt

m-st "mon+ other thin+s demonstr"te th"t he or she ossesses +ood mor"l

h"r" ter.3 $R-les o the St"te !"r o C"l. tit. 4 r-le 4.40$A)> see !-s. D ro .

Code ?? @0@0 s-(d. $() @0@: s-(d. $")$2).) The Committee m"7es "n initi"l

determin"tion on " "se (& "se ("sis 'hether "n " li "nt h"s met his or her

(-rden o est"(lishin+ +ood mor"l h"r" ter (-t this o-rt ret"ins the "-thorit& to

inde endentl& re*ie' "nd 'ei+h the e*iden e o mor"l itness "nd to m"7e the

-ltim"te determin"tion 'hether the " li "nt h"s s"tis ied this re,-irement. $See

e.+. "i1htower v. -tate %ar $19:;) ;4 C"l.;d 150 155 15@> !acheco v. -tate %ar

$19: ) 4; C"l.;d 1041 104 .)

As 'e e# l"ined in In re Menna $1995) 11 C"l.4th 9 5 9:;L QGood

mor"l h"r" ter h"s tr"dition"ll& (een de ined "s the "(sen e o ond- t im(-ed

'ith elements o Qmor"l t-r it-de.


29/36

"irness "ndor tr-st'orthiness o(ser*"n e o id- i"r& res onsi(ilit& res e t

or "nd o(edien e to the l"'s o the st"te "nd the n"tion "nd res e t or the ri+hts

o others "nd or the -di i"l ro ess.


30/36

'ith G"r i" o*er m"n& &e"rs h"d nothin+ (-t the hi+hest r"ise or the " li "nt.

For e#"m le "n "ttorne& or 'hom G"r i" 'or7ed "s "n -n "id intern d-rin+ l"'

s hool st"ted th"t I 7no' 'ith "(sol-te ert"int& th"t r. G"r i" C. .

;0


31/36

BE CONCUR

HE ARK .!A TER .

BERKEGAR .CJI .CORRIGA .8I .

;1


32/36

CONCURRIN6 OPINION @ CHIN> .

The m" orit& o inion does not " 7no'led+e it (-t -st o*er three &e"rs

"+o in Martinez v. 'e1ents o( ,niversit o( Cali(ornia $2010) 50 C"l.4th 12

this o-rt s e i i "ll& onsidered ho' to desi+n"te ersons in G"r i" s osition"nd 'e -n"nimo-sl& re e ted the term the m" orit& -ses -ndo -mented

immi+r"nt 3 in "*or o " term 'e (elie*ed '"s more " -r"te -nl"' -l "lien.3

This is 'h"t 'e s"idL !e ore 'e t-rn to the iss-es 'e m-st omment on

terminolo+&. Ke end"nts "nd s- ortin+ "mi i -ri"e +ener"ll& re er to " erson

not l"' -ll& in this o-ntr& (& " term s- h "s Q-ndo -mented immi+r"nt.

l"inti s "nd s- ortin+ "mi i -ri"e +ener"ll& -se the term Qille+"l "lien "s did

the Co-rt o A e"l. The term Q-ndo -mented immi+r"nt is *"+-e "nd is not

-sed in the rele*"nt st"t-tes. It is "lso e- hemisti (e "-se it is -nl"' -l to (e in

this o-ntr& "nd to (e -ndo -mented in the sense in 'hi h de end"nts -se the

term. On the other h"nd some *ie' the term Qille+"l "lien "s e or"ti*e. Bishin+

to (e "s ne-tr"l &et "s " -r"te "s ossi(le in o-r terminolo+& 'e t-rn to the

most rele*"nt st"t-tes or "ssist"n e.


33/36

o inion.3 $ Martinez v. 'e1ents o( ,niversit o( Cali(ornia supra 50 C"l.4th "t .

12::.)

The st"t-tes "t the he"rt o this "se -se the terms "n "lien 'ho is not

l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes3 $: .S.C. ? 1@21$d)) "nd "n " li "nt 'ho

is not l"' -ll& resent in the nited St"tes3 $!-s. D ro . Code ? @0@4 s-(d.

$()) (oth o 'hi h "re loser to the shorth"nd term -sed in Martinez th"n to the

one -sed in the m" orit& o inion.

e*ertheless I onsider the ,-estion o 'hi h term to -se to ome 'ithin

the dis retion o the o inion s "-thor. A ordin+l& I h"*e si+ned the m" orit&

o inion.CJI .

2


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-ee last pa1e (or addresses and telephone numbers (or counsel who ar1ued in -upreme Court.

Name of O3!n!on In re G"r i" DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

Un3u ,!s-ed O3!n!onOr!"!na, A33ea,Or!"!na, Proceed!n" Re4!e/ 6rantedRe-ear!n" 6ranted

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

O3!n!on No. S2025120ate F!,ed "n-"r& 2 2014

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

CourtCounty

ud"e DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

Counse,

Fish7in D Sl"tter erome Fish7in 8inds"& H. Sl"tter S"m-el C. !elli ini> Bilson Elser os7o'it6Edelm"n D Ki 7er "nd Ro(ert Coo er or etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

H"m"l" K. J"rris Attorne& Gener"l "n-el . edeiros S"te Soli itor Gener"l H"thleen A. Hene"l&Chie Assist"nt Attorne& Gener"l on"th"n Bol A tin+ Chie Assist"nt Attorne& Gener"l Ko-+l"s .Boods Assist"nt Attorne& Gener"l Ro helle C. E"st T"m"r " hter K"niel . o'ell "nd Ross C.

ood& Ke -t& Attorne&s Gener"l or C"li orni" Attorne& Gener"l "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l oetitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

Irell D "nell" C"rlos R. oreno Eri A. Be((er "nd ! Ard or 8os An+eles Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tionAl"med" Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tion Asi"n Ameri "n !"r Asso i"tion o the Gre"ter !"& Are" Asi"n " i iAmeri "n !"r Asso i"tion o Sili on "lle& !"r Asso i"tion o S"n Fr"n is o !e*erl& Jills !"rAsso i"tion Hern Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tion "rin Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tion e#i "n Ameri "n !"rAsso i"tion -lti -lt-r"l !"r Alli"n e o So-thern C"li orni" Ri*erside Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tionS" r"mento Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tion S"n !ern"rdino Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tion S"n Kie+o Co-nt& !"rAsso i"tion S"nt" Cl"r" Co-nt& !"r Asso i"tion "nd So-th Asi"n !"r Asso i"tion o orthern C"li orni""s Ami i C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

Anthon& . "r,-e6> 8"' O i e o Kenis Bhite "nd osh-" H"i6-7" or 8" R"6" 8"'&ers Asso i"tion oS" r"mento "nd Asi"n/ " i i !"r Asso i"tion o S" r"mento "s Ami i C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitionerSer+io C. G"r i".

Comm-nit& 8e+"l Ser*i es in E"st "lo Alto Il& e Sh-+"ll> Kolores Street Comm-nit& Ser*i es Fr"n is o

. +"rte "nd " l&n Sh-ll Gon6"le6 "s Ami i C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

Ri+o(erto . Arre hi+" Eli6"(eth . ri(e "nd -"n A. R"mos or the e#i "n Ameri "n !"r Asso i"tiono 8os An+eles Co-nt& "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

orrison D Foerster Art-ro . Gon6 les Cl"-di" . etesi Ale#"ndri" A. Ame6 -" "*ier Serr"no>Gir"rdi U Heese Jo'"rd !. iller> !" on Immi+r"tion 8"' D oli & ro+r"m "nd in" A. R"(in orC"li orni" 8"tino 8e+isl"ti*e C"- -s "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".


35/36

Pa"e # S#+#&1# counse, cont!nued

Sh"ron . inter Christo her F. Stoll "nd An+el" H. eron" or "tion"l Center or 8es(i"n Ri+hts "nd8"m(d" Ke ense "nd Ed- "tion"l F-nd In . "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

Reed Smith R"&mond A. C"rdo6o K"*id . de es-s R" hel . Goli 7 "nd Kel"ne& . Andersen or

i h"el A. Oli*"s Joll& S. Coo er H"ren -s"lo Jiroshi otom-r" Cr-6 Re&noso "nd otherimmi+r"tion l"' ro essors "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

enni er Ch"n+ e'ell i h"el T"n> 8ee Gelernt> T"n&" !roder> "nd !ern"rd . Bol sdor or theAmeri "n Ci*il 8i(erties nion Ameri "n Immi+r"tion 8"'&ers Asso i"tion Ameri "n Ci*il 8i(erties

nion o orthern C"li orni" Ameri "n Ci*il 8i(erties nion o S"n Kie+o "nd Im eri"l Co-ntiesAmeri "n Ci*il 8i(erties nion o So-thern C"li orni" Asi"n 8"' C"- -s 8e+"l Aid So iet&Em lo&ment 8"' Center "tion"l Asi"n " i i Ameri "n !"r Asso i"tion "nd "tion"l Immi+r"tion 8"'Center "s Ami i C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

Arnold D orter erome !. F"l7 r. 8is" Jill Fennin+ ohn Thro 7morton> A7ins G-m Str"-ss J"-er DFeld Billi"m A. orris 8. R" hel 8erm"n "nd Amit H-rle7"r or l"' s hool de"ns S"ndr" 8. !roo7sEr'in Chemerins7& Christo her Edle& r. i tor Gold R" hel or"n Kr- ill" S. R"me& "nd Fr"n7 J.B- "s Ami i C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

!ri+it G. Al*"re6 or ose h A. "il Center or Immi+r"nt Ri+hts "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitionerSer+io C. G"r i".

C8A Ko'nto'n 8"(or Center "nd Ti" Hoonse or Kre"m Te"m 8os An+eles Or"n+e Co-nt& Kre"mTe"m C"li orni" Kre"m et'or7 S"n Fern"ndo "lle& Kre"m Te"m "nd nited Be Kre"m et'or7 "sAmi i C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

Orri 7 Jerrin+ton D S-t li e C&nthi" . 8"rsen S"r"h C. "rriott Ale#is Vee G"r i" -d& H'"n>8"tino -sti e R8KEF "nd ose ere6 or Ces"r "r+"s "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+ioC. G"r i".

i hol s Es Writ- or Kre"m !"r Asso i"tion e#i "n Ameri "n 8e+"l Ke ense "nd Ed- "tion"l F-ndAsi"n " i i Ameri "n 8e+"l Center Asi"n 8"' Alli"n e "tion"l Asso i"tion o 8"tino Ele ted "ndA ointed O i i"ls Ed- "tion"l F-nd "nd "tion"l Co-n il o 8" R"6" "s Ami i C-ri"e on (eh"l o

etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

i hol"s Hiernies7& in ro. er. "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o etitioner Ser+io C. G"r i".

St"rr !"( o 7 8"'ren e C. Vee Ri h"rd . X"n"ssi R" hel S. Gr-n(er+> Gi(son K-nn D Cr-t herRo(ert E. "lmer osh-" A. essen Kre' A. J"r(-r> "r7 A. err&> in"mi T"m"7i Kon"ld H. T"m"7i

inette A. H'o7 hilli . X" 7ler> He*in R. ohnson> !ill Onh Jin+> !r&"n S rin+me&er> Herr DB"+st" e "nd "mes . B"+st" e or Res ondent Committee o !"r E#"miners o St"te !"r o C"li orni".

8"rr& KeSh" in ro. er. "s Ami -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o Res ondent Committee o !"r E#"miners o theSt"te !"r o C"li orni".

St-"rt F. Keler& A tin+ Assist"nt Attorne& Gener"l $ nited St"tes) !eth S. !rin7m"nn Ke -t& Assist"ntAttorne& Gener"l "r7 !. Stern i h"el . A("te "nd K"niel Tenn& or the nited St"tes o Ameri " "sAmi -s C-ri"e on (eh"l o Res ondent Committee o !"r E#"miners o the St"te !"r o C"li orni".


36/36

Counse, /-o ar"ued !n Su3reme Court ;not !ntended for 3u ,!cat!on /!t- o3!n!on

cailfornia supreme court ruling on sergio garcia

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