caitlin adams**emily aksak**allan novohatski dillon ramos**colin grayson
TRANSCRIPT
Caitlin Adams**Emily Aksak**Allan NovohatskiDillon Ramos**Colin Grayson
We will present the happenings in Spain
from 711-1492 while Arabs were in
the Iberian Peninsula
Studying past Muslim historical
events shows their influence on
modern SpainModern practicing Mosque in
Cordoba.
Prior to the Arrival of the Moors… The Legend says that Roderic
impregnated Julian’s (count of Ceuta) daughter.
After, a request was made of the assistance of Musa Ibn Nusay
Julian promised ships to carry Ibn Nusayr toops acoss the Strait of Hercules(Straight of Gibraltar)
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
The Dependent Emirate (711 to
756) April 30th of 711, Beber
leader Tariq ibn-ziyad landed at Gibraltar
The Battle of Guadalete (turning point)
The Battle of Tours in 732
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
*Tariq ibn-ziyad*
The Independent Emirate (756 to 929) 756- the exiled prince Abd-ar-Rahman I
established himself as the Emir of Codoba. And established a tenuous rule ove much of
Al-Andalus For the next century and a half, his
descendants continued as emirs of Cordoba.
In 929 Abd-al-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
All Caliphs of Córdoba were members of the Umayyad dynasty
Cordoba reached its peak under these Caliphate rulers
Caliphate rule existed until 1031 when it was fractured into a number of independent taifas
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Caliphate Rulers Abd-ar-rahman III
(912–961) Allowed tolerance
and freedom of religion
Repelled enemies with alliances in Africa
al-Hakam II (961–976) Peace with Christian
kingdoms Stability of agriculture Economic and philosophic
improvements Mezquita
Hisham II (976–1013) Gained title at age ten
Almansur Dictator rule
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Muslim praise and value of gardens
Economy highly developed
craftsmanship, modern agricultural techniques
based on money (gold cordobesa money)
Culture Library with 400,000
volumes Highly philosophical
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Mezquita Cathedral and
Mosque Constructed during
the period of the Caliphate
Looks towards Mecca
Horseshoe semicircular shaped prayer room
Muslim influence: walls of flowers, fountains, architecture (arches, relief work)
Jewish influence: statues, stars 71
1-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
1031-1090After the death of the caliphate in Cordoba, only a few decades
passed before the complete collapse of Muslim presence was unstoppable.
These kings, formerly known as party kings (in Arabic mulukal-tawa'if, from the word ta'ifah), continued to improve upon modern arts and learning by competing with one another for the most spectacular states.
In doing so, they took in many scientist and artist who needed the resources to improve upon their own skills.
From 1008 to 1031, a period of anarchy in the Al-Andalus caused more or less 24 individual smaller states to form. These rulers, owning their
own territories, were known as the muluk al-tawa'if, and each of these states did not contain enough power through force to become the sole caliphate of the lands.
When Christian kingdoms began taking over weak Taifa kingdoms, by "exacting tribute", no one in the Al Andalus took action to stop the conversions.
Much of the north had already been taken over by the ever increasing presence of the Christians.
By 1085 the Castilians conquered the important city of Toledo and so the Taifas kings were forced to ask the new Almoravid ruler in Morocco (Yusuf ibn Tashufin) for
assistance.
The Almoravids (in Arabic, "The Garrisoned Ones") were a dynasty risen from the Amazighs (Berbers) of Morocco, and until this time were steadfast to assist the taifa kings.
Unfortunately in 1090 Yusuf decided that his help was not needed, and the petty kings were refused help.
Twice the small states in the land had called for assistance from the northern caliphates in Africa, but the Almohads and Almoravids over the next decades could not unify Al Andalus, only pushing the inevitable in 1492...
Berber (Muslim dynasty) founded in the 12th century
Conquered all Northern Africa along with Al-Andalus known as the Moorish Iberia
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Berber dynasty from the Sahara 1097- Yusuf ibn Tashfin was the Amir al
Muslimin 1119- Ali ibn Yusuf, Sintra, and Santarem
were in charge after Yusuf´s death
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
1130- Abd al-Mu’Min al-Kumi and the Almohads defeated the ruling Almoravids
1147- The conquered city of Marrakech by the Almohads marked the end of the Almoravids
Extended his power all over northern Africa as far as Libya
1170- The Almohads transferred their capital to Seville
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Gharnata Almohads Nasrid Dynasty Surrendered by Boabdil
on Jan 2, 1492
Resulting Influence: El Flamenco Las Alpujarras Architecture (Alhambra)
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Almohads Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 Almohad Army Despeñaperros Pass
Moorish Period – Nasrid Dynasty Political instability Golden Age of Andalucia Cultural Flowering
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Decline of Empire Records destroyed
Possible Reasons: Internal Struggles Dynastic and factional strife Lacking sufficient forces Refusing to pay tribute to King of Castile
711-929
929-
1031
1031-
1090
1090-1212
1212-1492
Gardens and presence of flowers in parks and plazas
Flamenco dance (Muslim, Jewish, and gypsy roots) Arabic Baths Architecture: gothic style, relief work, arches Courtyards